I HC QUC GIA H NI TRNG I HC CNG NGH KHOA CNG NGH C IN T

Ging vin hng dn : nhom thc hin : Lp : K55M

H ni,ngay thng nm 2013

A.

TM HIU CHUNG V LOAD CELL

1. Khi nim Load cell Cc loadcell l nhng cm bin lc (khi lng, m-men xon, ...). Khi lc c tc dng ln mt loadcell, loadcell s chuyn i lc tc dng thnh tn hiu in. Cc loadcell cng c bit n nh l "u d ti" (load transducer) bi v n cng c th chuyn i mt ti trng (lc tc dng) thnh tn hiu in.

Trong t in, mt loadcell c nh ngha nh l mt "thit b o lng trng lng cn thit cn in t hin th trng lng thnh con s". Tn hiu in t ng ra ca loadcell c th l mt s thay i in p, thay i tn hiu dng, tn hiu s hoc thay i tn s ty thuc vo loi loadcell v mch s dng, ph bin nht l loadcell thay i in p.

Cc loadcell c th s dng in tr (strain gauge), in dung, k thut b lc in t. Ph bin nht l cc loadcell c sn da trn nguyn tc thay i in tr p ng vi mt ti p dng. V th y, ta s ni v loadcell s dng in tr (strain gauge) 2. Cu to loadcell Mt loadcell thng bao gm cc strain gauges c dn vo b mt ca thn loadcell. Thn loadcell l mt khi kim loi n hi v ty theo tng loi loadcell v mc ch s dng loadcell, thn loadcell c thit k c hnh dng c bit khc nhau v ch to bng vt liu kim loi khc nhau (nhm hp kim, thp khng g, thp hp kim).

Strain gauge
Strain gauge l thnh phn cu to chnh ca loadcell, n bao gm mt si dy kim loi mnh t trn mt tm cch in n hi.

 tng chiu di ca dy in tr strain gauge, ngi ta t chng theo hnh ziczac, mc ch l tng bin dng khi b lc tc dng qua tng chnh xc ca thit b cm bin s dng strain gauge.

R= in tr strain gauge (Ohm) L = Chiu di ca si kim loi strain gauge (m) A = Tit din ca si kim loi strain gauge (m2) r= in tr sut vt liu ca si kim loi strain gauge Khi dy kim loi b lc tc ng s thay i in tr Khi dy b lc nn, chiu di strain gauge gim, in tr s gim xung. Khi dy bi ko dn, chiu di strain gauge tng, in tr s tng ln in tr thay i t l vi lc tc ng.

Hu ht cc nh sn xut strain gauge cung cp nhiu loi strain gauge khc nhau ph hp vi cc sn phm loadcell khc nhau, cc ng dng trong nghin cu v cng nghip d n khc nhau.

H cng cung cp tt c cc ph kin cn thit bao gm cng c chun b, vt liu, cht kt dnh lin kt, cp, ...

Cng vic gn kt cc strain gauge i hi k nng, s t m, cn thn v cc kha o to k nng ny c cung cp bi mt s nh cung cp nht nh.

Hnh 1: Mt s loi load cell thng dng 3. Nguyn l hot ng

Cu to chnh ca loadcell gm cc in tr strain gauges R1, R2, R3, R4 kt ni thnh 1 cu in tr Wheatstone nh hnh di v c dn vo b mt ca thn loadcell.

Mt in p kch thch c cung cp cho ng vo loadcell (2 gc (1) v (4) ca cu in tr Wheatstone) v in p tn hiu ra c o gia hai gc khc. Ti trng thi cn bng (trng thi khng ti), in p tn hiu ra l s khng hoc gn bng khng khi bn in tr c gn ph hp v gi tr. l l do ti sao cu in tr Wheatstone cn c gi l mt mch cu cn bng.

Khi c ti trng hoc lc tc ng ln thn loadcell lm cho thn loadcell b bin dng (gin hoc nn), iu dn ti s thay i chiu di v tit din ca cc si kim loi ca in tr strain gauges dn trn thn loadcell dn n mt s thay i gi tr ca cc in tr strain gauges. S thay i ny dn ti s thay i trong in p u ra.

S thay i in p ny l rt nh, do n ch c th c o v chuyn thnh s sau khi i qua b khuch i ca cc b ch th cn in t (u cn). 4. Thng s k thut c bn - chnh xc: cho bit phn trm chnh xc trong php o. chnh xc ph thuc tnh cht phi tuyn tnh, tr, lp. - Cng sut nh mc: gi tr khi lng ln nht m load cell c th o c. - Di b nhit : l khong nhit m u ra load cell c b vo, nu nm ngoi khong ny, u ra khng c m bo thc hin theo ng chi tit k thut c a ra. - Cp bo v: c nh gi theo thang o IP, (v d: IP65: chng c m v bi). - in p: gi tr in p lm vic ca load cell (thng thng a ra gi tr ln nht v gi tr nh nht 5 - 15 V). - tr:hin tng tr khi hin th kt qu dn ti sai s trong kt qu. Thng c a ra di dng % ca ti trng.

- Tr khng u vo: tr khng c xc nh thng qua S- v S+ khi load cell cha kt ni vo h thng hoc ch khng ti. - in tr cch in: thng thng o ti dng DC 50V. Gi tr cch in gia lp v kim loi ca load cell v thit b kt ni dng in. - Ph hy c hc: gi tr ti trng m load cell c th b ph v hoc bin dng. - Gi tr ra: kt qu o c (n v: mV). - Tr khng u ra: cho di dng tr khng c o gia Ex+ v EX- trong iu kin load cell cha kt ni hoc hot ng ch khng ti. - Qu ti an ton: l cng sut m load cell c th vt qu (v d: 125% cng sut). - H s tc ng ca nhit : i lng c o ch c ti, l s thay i cng sut ca load cell di s thay i nhit , (v d: 0.01%/10C ngha l nu nhit d tng thm 10C th cng sut y ti ca load cell tng thm 0.01%). - H s tc ng ca nhit ti im 0: ging nh trn nhng o ch khng ti. 5. Phn loi

Tuy nhin, iu quan trng l s dng cc loadcell vi mc cn v kt cu ph hp vi v tr m n s c lp t. V d 1) Cc loadcell im n (single point loadcell) thng c s dng cho cn thng thng (va v nh). im t ti ca cc loadcellim n (single point loadcell) c t tm ca mt bn cn.

V d 2) i vi cc h thng cn cng nghip nh h thng cn bn, h thng cn phu, loadcell tr ng, module loadcell thng c s dng. Mt loadcell hoc nhiu loadcell c th c s dng, nhng nu s dng nhiu loadcell, ti trng c phn b vo tng loadcell u hn nn chnh xc s cao hn.

V d 3) Loadcell ch S thng c s dng cho cc my o lc.

6. ng dng ca load cell. Mt ng dng kh ph bin thng thy ca load cell l c s dng trong cc loi cn in t hin nay.

Cn k thut T ng dng trong nhng chic cn k thut i hi chnh xc cao cho ti nhng chic cn c trng ti ln trong cng nghip nh cn xe ti.

Cn xe ti Mt s ng dng khc: - Trong ngnh cng ngh cao: Vi nn khoa hc k thut tin tin hin nay th loi load cell c nh cng c ci tin cng ngh v tnh ng dng cao hn. Nh hnh minh ho, loi load cel ny c gn vo u ca ngn tay robot xc nh bn ko v lc nn tc ng vo cc vt khi chng cm nm hoc nhc ln.

- Phn phi u trng lng trong cng nghip: Cng ngh s dng: Cc th bo ti(load cell LSB and LCF Series) kt hp vi cc thit b nh hng v thu thp d liu qua my tnh hoc PLC S lc hot ng: Cc load cell c thit k ph hp vi cc ng dng t ng ha trong cng nghip phn phi u trng lng sn phm. Nh th hin trong s di y, load cell c lp t trong dy chuyn t ng ha, gim st vic phn phi khi lng vo tng bao b mt cch chnh xc.

H thng hot ng: + Mt t bo ti c kt ni vi thit b o cn thit. + Khi khi lng sn phm cho phn phi vo thng yu cu, load cell s pht ra tn hiu ti b diu khin bng ti bng ti ngng lm vic. + Tn hiu khi bng ti dng c truyn n h thng phn phi thng cha xut thng cha. + Khi thng cha c phn phi s pht ra tn hiu h thng phn phi sn phm tip tc hot ng. - ng dng trong cu ng: Cc load cell c s dng trong vic cnh bo an ton cu treo. Load cell c lp t trn cc dy cp o sc cng ca cp treo v sc p chn cu trong cc iu kin giao thng v thi tit khc nhau. Cc d liu thu c s c gi n mt h thng thu thp v x l s liu. sau s liu s c xut ra qua thit b truy xut nh in thoi, my tnh, LCD. T c s

cnh bo v an ton ca cu. T tm ra cc bin php cn thit sa cha kp thi.

7. Cc loi Load cell c bn 7.1. Load cell tng t a)Khi nim Load cell cm bin sc cng, bin i thnh tn hiu in gi l load cell tng t. Tnhiu ny c chuyn thnh thng tin hu ch nh cc thit b o lng nh b ch th. Mi load cell ti mt u ra c lp, thng 1 n 3 mV/V. u ra kt hpc tng hp da trn kt qu ca u ra tng load cell. Cc thit b olng hoc b hin th khuych i tn hiu in a v, qua chuyn iADC, vi x l vi phn mm tch hp sn thc hin tnh ton chnh nh va kt qu c c ln mn hnh. a phn cc thit b hay b hin th hin i u cho php giao tip vi cc thit b ngoi khc nh my tnh hoc my in. b) u im v nhc im

 u im: u im chnh ca cng ngh ny l xut pht t yu cu thc t, vi nhng tham s xc nh trc, s c cc sn phm thit k ph hp cho tng ngdng ca ngi dng. cc phn t cm ng c kch thc v hnh dngkhc nhau ph hp vi yu cu ca ng dng. Cc dng ph bin: dng ko (shear), dng un (bending), dng nn (compression) Nhc im: Tn hiu in p u ra ca load cell rt nh(thng khng qu 30mV). Nhng tn hiu nh nh vy d dng b nh hng ca nhiu loi nhiu trong cng nghip nh: Nhiu in t: sinh ra bi qu trnh truyn pht cc tn hiu in trong mi trng xung quanh, truyn pht tn hiu v tuyn in trong khng gian hoc do qu trnh ng ct ca cc thit b chuyn mch cng sut ln S thay i in tr dy cp dn tn hiu: do thay i tht thng ca nhit mi trng tc ng ln dy cp truyn dn. Do , h thng chnh xc th cng rt ngn khong cch gia load cell vi thit b o lng cng tt. Cch gii quyt thng thng vn dng l gim thiu dung sai u ra ca load cell. Tuy nhin gii hn ca cng ngh khng cho php vt qu con s mong mun qu nh. Trong khi ni song song nhiu load cell vi nhau, mi load cell ti vi mt u ra c lp vi cc load cell khc trong h thng, do m bo gi tr c nht qun, n nh v khng ph thuc vo v tr, h thng yu cu chnh nh u ra vi tng load cell ring bit. Cng vic ny i hi tn km v thi gian, c bit vi nhng h thng yu cu chnh xc cao hoc trong cc ng dng kh to ti kim tra nh cn tank, cn xil Tn hiu ra chung ca mt h nhiu load cell da trn c s u cc tn hiu ra trung bnh ca tng load cell. iu gy nn d xy ra hin tng c load cell b li m khng c nhn bit. Mt khi nhn ra th cng kh khn trong vic xc nh load cell no li, hoc kh khn trong yu cu s dng ti kim tra, hay yu cu s dng cc thit b o lng nh ng h volt-ampe

vi chnh xc cao, c bit trong iu kin nh my ang hot ng lin tc. Thc t cn rt nhiu yu t khc lin quan n chnh xc ca h thng cn nh: Qu trnh chnh nh h thng. Nhiu rung v n. Do tc dng chuyn hng lc trong cc c cu hnh ng. Qu trnh phn tch d tm li. Thay th cc thnh phn trong h thng cn hoc cc h thng lin quan. i dy cp tn hiu di. Mi trng hot ng qu kn ... Khng th tnh ton c trc cc yu t nh hng ny c th m hnh ha trong qu trnh phn tch v thit k. Trong khi iu kin lm vic mi ni rt khc nhau, thit b o cch xa cm bin, tn hiu truyn dn yu, d b tiu hao v nhiu loi nhiu tc ng, c bit vi mi trng lm vic khc nghit trong nh my v x nghip. Tn hiu a v n thit b olng kh phn nh trung thc gi tr thc t. Trong khi , cc b hin th hin nay thng dng h vi x l tc thp,nng lc tnh ton khng cao, t thit b tch hp cc thut ton x l chnh nh cc s liu thu thp v, hoc nu c cn mc n gin. Do cc bhin th s dng vi nhiu loi load cell khc nhau nn cc thut ton chnhnh ch mang tnh tng i, khng trit , c bit l cha c thit b notch hp tnh nng b sai lch do nhit . Chc nng lc nhiu in ttrng cho tn hiu o ca cc thit b ny cn rt km. Mt yu im na ltn s ly mu thp, do khng th p dng trong cc ng dng m lc tcdng bin i nhanh (cn ng) nh cc h thng cn bng lin tc, 7.2. Load cell s

a) Khi nim, s ra i Thi gian ra i: T cui nhng nm 1970 V c bn load cell s l s tch hp gia load cell tng t vi cng ngh in t hin i. Ban u, khi khi nim load cell s mi ra i, nhiu ngi hiu lm l cc load cell s c cc phn t in tiu hao thp c th c s dng chuyn i mt load cell cht lng thp ln mt load cell cht lng cao. Thc t th ngc li, mi load cell s n gin cng mang trong n mt cu trc kh phc tp. - Th nht: Phi c mt load cell c bn vi chnh xc, n dnh v kh nng lp li rt cao trong mi iu kin lm vic. - Th hai: Phi c mt b chuyn i tng t-s (ADC) 16 n 20 bit tc cao chuyn i tn hiu in tng t sang dng s. - Th ba: Phi c h vi mch x l thc hin iu khin ton b qu trnh chuyn i t tn hiu lc o c thnh d liu s th hin trung thc nht v giao tip vi cc thit b khc trao i thng tin.

Cu trc c bn mt loi load cell s b) Hot ng:

Tn hiu in p t cu in tr ca load cell chnh xc cao c a n u vo ca mch tch hp sn, bao gm c phn khuych i, b gii iu ch, mt ADC tc cao 20 bit v b lc s. Mt cm bin nhit tch hp sn c s dng o nhit thc ca load cell phc v cho vic b sai s do nhit . D liu t ADC, cm bin nhit cng vi cc thut ton trong phn mm v mt s phn cng b sung tch hp sn c chc nng ti u ha x l cc sai s do khng tuyn tnh, b sai ng c tnh, kh nng phc hi trng thi v nh hng ca nhit c vi x l tc cao x l. D liu kt qu u ra c truyn i xa qua cng giao tip theo mt giao thc nht nh. Cc module in t ny c th c t ngay trong loadcell, load cell cable hoc trong hp junction box. Cc c tnh ti hn ca tng load cell c t trong EEPROM nm trong module ca load cell , iu cng c ngha l mi vn x l sai s c thc hin ngay ti load cell, vi chnh load cell , cng c ngha l php b sai s c thc hin kh trit . Mt h thng s in hnh bao gm mt s cc load cell s ni vi my tnh, PLC hoc thit b o nh b hin th. Bn trong h thng, mi load cell clp c th c nhn dng bng a ch lm vic ca n. a ch lm vic c th c ci t do ngi lp trnh thng qua mt hoc nhiu a ch cung cp bi nh my. Thng thng a ch 0 c s dng nh l mt a ch lm cho tt c cc load cell tr li, trong khi cc s ni tip ca load cell c th c s dng yu cu mt a ch xc nh. Cc load cell s hot ng trn mt chng trnh iu khin kiuMaster/Slave, nh ngha mt thit b (thng l PC hoc indicator) lmaster trn mng. C hai ch hot ng chnh: Master gim st tt c ccqu trnh truyn pht bng cch giao tip vi tng slave mt cch tun t,hoc master gi d liu yu cu cc slave tr li theo a ch tun t. Ch th nht c u im trong s mm do v nm bt li, trong khi ch haihng n tc giao tip. Hu ht cc load cell s kt ni theo chunRS485 hoc RS422. C hai kiu giao thc u c cc c tnh tng t nhaucung cp mt mi trng multi-drop. Vic giao tip gia cc thit b nitrn mng da trn giao thc quy nh bi nh sn xut.C l im khc bit quan trng nht gia h thng load cell

tng t v sl mc d ni vi nhau nhng mi load cell s hot ng nh l mt thit b c lp. c) u im v nhc im u im: - Tn hiu ra s khe, rt t b nh hng ca nhiu in t hoc thayi nhit tht thng trn ng dy cable dn. - Khong cch dy cp dn c th ko di n 1200m. - D dng thay th load cell. - D liu s c th x l trc tip bng my tnh, PLC hoc trn b hinth khi cn. - Mi load cell l mt thit b hot ng c lp trong h thng, do c th m rng cu trc d dng. - C th thc hin ti u ha h thng d dng qua phn tch tng thnhphn tch hp. - Cn bng cc gc cn c th thc hin bng thit b. Thay i, sa limt load cell khng nh hng n cc load cell khc. Cng vic thchin d dng v n gin, tit kim thi gian. - Vi h thng yu cu chnh xc va v thp c th t ng chnh nh m khng cn ti cht. - Load cell c th thay th m khng cn chnh nh li. - Cc thit b theo chun RS485/422 u c th tham gia vo h thng. - Nhiu h thng c th kt ni v iu khin bi mt trm. Ch n gin lm rng ng dy cable. Tit kim phn cng. phn mm d dng pht trin. Nhng u im ca h load cell s cho php trong cc ng dng chnhxc cao v chng chu nhiu tt, c bit nhng ng dng yu cu ccim o nm phn tn trn phm vi rng.

8. Kt ni load cell 8.1. Load cell tng t

Hnh 10: S u dy Trong : +Excitation (in p kch thch) l u vo dng ca in p cung cp Excitation l u vo m ca in p cung cp +Output l tn hiu ra dng ca load cell Output l tn hiu ra m ca load cell +sense v sense l cc dy dn oc ni trc tip vi Excitation. Nichung trnh nhiu. C loi Loadcell th c, c loi th khng. C th nicng dc m khng ni cng c. Nhng nh sn xut khuyn co l nnni. 8.2. Load cell s Load cell s cho php vi trong nhiu ng dng khc nhau. Di y l 4 m hnh ng dng in hnh. Ch : u ra ca loadcell s c th c thit k theo giao din Profilebus PC, DeviceNet, EtherNet/IP, ModBus, RS232,RS422,RS485, 4-20mA, 0-10VDC. Thm ch c c giao tip qua cng USB. Nn ta c th ty chn loi Loadcell c giao din ph hp v c th kt ni trc tip n PLC, PC,

 M hnh 1: Cc load cell s cung cp u ra theo giao din RS422 hoc RS 485. Cc load cell ni vi nhau thnh cu trc hnh sao. Junction Box h tr ni song song 8 load cell s. Card RS422/RS485 cho phi kt ni trc tip n my tnh PC hoc PLC.

Hnh 11: M hnh ng dng 1 M hnh 2: M hnh ny ch khc vi m hnh 1 l c thm cc thit b bo v SPD cho h thng load cell vi my tnh ch, chng li cc nh hng c hi nh xung in hoc qu p.

Hnh 12: M hnh ng dng 2 M hnh 3: Vi h thng load cell s, cc load cell c th hot ng nh cc thit b c lp, nhn dng trong h thng bng a ch ca n.

V vy, nhiu h thng c th cng dng chung mt thit b iu khin, n gin ch cn i ng dy mng lin kt chng v mt trm iu khin. Thng thng mt trm ch ny c th qun l c n 32 load cell s.

Hnh 13: M hnh ng dng 3 M hnh 4: Trong m hnh ny, b hin th ng vai tr l trm ch giao tip trc tip vi cc load cell hoc vi Junction Box. Ngoi chc nng hin th, b hin th ny c th thc hin mt s chc nng iu khin khc thng qua cc u vo ra

Hnh 14: M hnh ng dng 4 9. Chng qu ti load cell 9.1. Cc tnh hung ch khi s dng load cell - in p u vo vt qu ngng cho php: gy sai s ln trong vic o lng. ngoi ra gy hin tng on mch lm hng load cell

- o lc qu ln: khi o lc vt mc gii hn o ca load cell gy sai s ln. c th gy hng phn cng ca load cell, nh hng tui th ca load cell. - Do st trong lp ghp: c th khin load cell khng hot ng hoc hot ng nhng cho kt qu sai Ngoi ra cn nhiu vn nh hng ch lm vic v tui th ca load cell ni ring v h thng o lng ni chung cn ch nh: thi gian lm vic, mi trng lm vic v ch bo dng. 9.2. Khc phc m bo ch hot ng tt cho load cell trc tin cn nm vng cc thng s ca load cell ang s dng. cn phi lp rp ng v chnh xc load cell trong mch do. Trnh load cell hot ng ch qu ti. c ch bo tr thng xuyn 10. Cch la chn Load cell v ph kin 10.1. La chn load cell Khi la chn Loadcells th cc thng s cn phi quan tm l: - Chn loi tng t hay loi s? - Cc thng s nh mV/V l g, tn hiu vo ra, tm s dng ti - Cu to Loadcell, th ng (thun tr) hay tch cc (bn dn), nnh, chu nhit, chu nc, chng nhiu.. - Kt cu ca ng dng, lc tp trung, lc phn b, ti trng tnh, titrng ng.. - Phng php cn: cht lng cht rn, cn kim tra, cn nh lng,cn phn loi, cn gin tip lin tc (cn bng ti).. - Thit b c tn hiu: Indicator, PLC, Micro Controler, PC - X l tn hiu: ADC, mch lc, mch tch phn, chng rung, kh xungnhiu, kh qun tnhh, ghp nhiu Loadcell, gii thut, chnh xc,hiu chnh

10.2. Chn hp ni(Junctionbox) Sau khi la chn xong load cell, tu theo s lng load cell v loi loadcell m ta chn loi hp ni l loi 4 u hoc 8 u ni. Cng t ch dng p ca load cell m ta la chn ch dng p ca hp ni cho phhp. Mt s thng s cn quan tm khi chn hp ni: - S u o ca load cell phi bng hoc ln hn s load cell ca cn. - Kh nng chnh gc ca hp ni. - Cp bo v ca hp ni. (V d nh IP65, IP66,) - Chn b hin th (Indicator) B hin th thng thng c hai loi: - Loi hin th s: l nhng b hin th m n nhn tn hiu u vodng s. i vi loi hin th s th thng chn loi hin th cng chng loi vi chng loi ca load cell. - Loi hin th tng t: l b hin th c tn hiu u vo dng tngt. C th chn loi b hin th cng chng loi vi load cell. Tuy nhin, loi hin th phi p ng c yu cu: + Ph hp tr khng u vo gia load cell v b ch th. + Ngun cp cho load cell t b ch th phi ph hp. + phn gii ca b hin th v mc tn hiu a v t load cell + phi ph hp. + Mc tn hiu Ghp ni tn hiu t thit b hin th l tn hiu c s ho v a racng ni tip theo chun RS232 hoc RS485. V vy, a v my tnh thta thu thp qua cng COM ca my tnh. Tn

hiu bt v c thit b chth chuyn i v a v theo tng khung d liu chun. m bo cch ly tn hiu gia my tnh v cc thit b in t bnngoi th thng thng tn hiu trc khi a trc tip vo cng COM camy tnh th n c ni cch ly bng mt card cch ly quang. Tn hiu thuv khng thay i nh dng khung d liu v tc truyn.

B. TM HIU V LOAD CELL DDE SERIES

1. c im: DDE seriesl loi load cell c nh, dng o ti trng thp. c im: + Ti trng t 200N n 50 KN + o lc ko v lc nn + Cp bo v: IP 65 + Nh gn, chnh xc cao + lch thp, o cu hnh thp + Tn s ring cao + Thit k chc chn

Hnh 15: Load cell DDE series M t: Load cell dde c phm vi cu hnh thp, c thit k dung o lc ko v nn. Thit k ca DDE cho php gn kt cc ti trng trong cc cng trnh cng nghip, v dng nghin cu v pht trin ng dng.

Kch thc nh gn ca n lm cho n thun li trong cc ng dng m khng ph hp vi cc loadcell thng thng lch thp v tn s ring cao ca DDE cung cp li ch c bit trong th nghim vt liu v gim st cc ng dng sc cng bng cp. DDE cng nh tt c cc cm bin khc, c th c cung cp y cc thng s k thut (tham kho Datasheets) Thng s k thut Rated Capacities (Ti trng): DDE 200, 500, 1000, 2000, 5000, 10000, 20000, 50000 2.0 nominal <0.25 n v N

Rated Output(Tn hiu ra): Non-Linearity(Sai s tuyn tnh):

mV/V % of Rated Output % of Rated Output % of Rated Output C C % of Applied Load/ C % of Rated Output/ C % of Rated Capacity

Hysteresis ( tr): Zero Balance (im cn bng):

<0.30 <1.0

Temperature Range Operating (Nhit lm vic): Temperature Range Compensated (Di b nhit ): Temperature Effect On Output (H s nhit tc ng u ra): Temperature Effect On Zero (H s nhit tc ng im 0): Safe Overload (Qu ti an ton):

-20 to +80 0to +70 <0.005

<0.005

150

Ultimate Overload (Qu ti ph hy hon ton): Excitation Recommended (in p lm vic): Maximum (in p ti a): Input Impedance (Tr khng u vo):

200 10 15 700

% of Rated Capacity Volts AC or DC Volts AC or DC Ohms Ohms Megaohms

Output Impedance (Tr khng u 700 ra): Insulation Impedance (in tr cch in): Construction (Vt liu); Environmental Protection (Cp bo v): Cable ( di cp): Bng 1: Datasheets >500 Stainless Steel (Thp khng g) IP65 2 Metre 4 Core Screened

C. THIT K MCH CHO LOAD CELL

S khi chung ca o lng v iu khin.

Gii thiu chung v ADS1230 ADS1230 l mt Chip chuyn dng ca Texas Intruments, n c s dng rng ri trong ng dng o cc cm bin cu trc Mch cu vi tn hiu ra l Hiu in th rt nh, nh Cm bin Loadcell (ng dng o lc) v cm bin p sut. L do chng ti chn ADS1230 l v tnh n gin trong thit k, tnh chnh xc trong o c, n nh cao v gi thnh thp (3.65USD/Unit). - Thit k : khng cn thit k phc tp cho cc b OPAM v ACD chip, ch cn mt chip 16 chn rt b o c v gi d liu v VK, gn nh khng cn cc linh kin b sung.

Hoc

chnh xc : linh kin t tiu chun rt cao ca Texas Instrument, b ADC phn gii cao (ADC 20 bits)

- n nh cao nh thit k ng b trn cc Die bn dn v ng gi dng Chip. Cch s dng ADS1230

Hnh 3: S khi cu trc bn trong ca ADS1230

Hnh 4 : Cc chn chc nng ca ADS1230 Nguyn l hat ng ca ADS1230 Khi c chnh lch in p trn 2 chn AINP v AINN, b khuch i PGA s khuych i chnh lch ln vi h s khuch i Gain rt chnh xc. H s Gain ny c ci t thng qua mc logic ca chn GAIN trn chip, khi chn GAIN mc cao (mc logic 1) th h s khuch i Gain l 128 ln, khi chn GAIN mc thp (mc logic 0) th h s khuch i Gain l 64 ln. Vic khuch i ny l rt cn thit v s lm tng tn hiu in p u vo cho b

ADC sau gip ADC hat ng chnh xc hn. Ging nh vic o kch thc con kin bng knh lp c thc ngm trn th knh vy. Tc qut ly mu cng c ci t mt cch d dng thng qua mc logic trn chn SPEED, vi mc logic 1 tc ly mu l 80 SPS (samples per second), vi mc logic 0 tc ly mu l 10 SPS. Vic iu chnh ny l ph hp ty cho tng mc ch o c cng nh ph hp cho cc dng vi iu khin tc thp v tc cao. Sau mi ln ly mu, b ADC s t ng s ha tn hiu o c di dng nh phn 20bit sn sng tr kt qu o v cho vi iu khin. Theo ti liu datasheet do hang Texas Intrument cung cp, cch s dng tnh ton d liu c chng ti tm hiu nh sau: Gii hn o tn hiu u vo (tc l tn hiu in p ra ca Cm bin Loadcell) l t -39mV ti +39mV khi h s khuch i Gain l 64 ln v t -19.5mV n +19.5mV khi h s khuch i Gain l 128 ln, tn hiu u vo l dng lng cc. Ngoi ra vi mc ch o khng s dng mch cu ta c mt la chn tn hiu vo l dng n cc, tc l chn AINP ni vi tn hiu vo, cn AINN ni vi t (Ground). Tuy nhin s dng Loadcell mt cch ti u ta nn s dng phng php o lng cc t phn gii cao nht. Vi d liu u ra dng s nn c c in p ta phi bit cng thc tnh cho tng mc in p o c, cng thc c khai thc trong bng do nh sn xut cung cp:

Gii thch cng thc : Nh ta nhn thy Input Signal Vin = AINP AINN tc l in p chnh lch u ra ca cm bin Loadcell. Nh vy vi mc in p nh nht c th o c l (+0.5VREF/ Gain)/(219 1). Ga s vi in p tham chiu (VREF) = 5V, h s khuch i l 128 ln th mc in p chnh lch nh nht o c s l (0.5 x 5 / 128) / (219 1) = 37.253 x 10-9 (V) = 37.253 nV . Khi

 d liu tr v Vi iu khin s l 00001h. Ta thy t 00001h(hex) = 1(Dec) n 7FFFFh(hex) = 524288(Dec) c 524288 gi tr. V 19 12 1 = 524288 nn ta c th d dng hiu vi mi gi tr in p o c ta s c d liu tr v l s nguyn ln ca 37.253 nV . V d : Data = 45A8Fh = 285327 th gi tr in p o c l 10629286 nV = 0.010629286 V Nh vy chng ra hiu c ch hot ng ca ADS1230, sau khi ly d liu in p, n s truyn gi tr v vi iu khin tnh ton c th, giao tip m ADS1230 s dng l Serial SPI, chng ti s khng ni k v cch hat ng ca giao thc ny. Mt bi tan Thc t dng cn mt bao Xi Mng nh my xi mng s dng Loadcell DDE , Chip ADS1230 v vi iu khin MSP430 s khi nh sau:

Gain = 128 nn gii hn o ca ADS1230 l -19.5 mV n 19.5 mV. Maxload output signal : U=2 x 5 = 10 mV < 19.5 mV nn ph hp. t mt bao xi mng ln, D liu nhn c t ADS1230 l 029F1h. 029F1h = 10737 Tn hiu output ca Loadcell c tnh ra: Vin = (10737 x 0.5 x VREF / Gain) / (219 1) = (10373 x 0.5 x 5 / 128) / (219 1) = 0.399985 mV

T l gia khi lng o c vi khi lng maxload: t = Vin / U = 0.399985 / 10 = 0.0399985 Lc bin dng o c l F = 10000 x 0.0399985 = 399.985 N Khi lng bao xi mng l M = F / g = 399.985 / 9.81 = 40.77 kg

Vn cp ngun cho mch s dng. Ti s dng 2 ngun tch bit, mt ngun VDD1 cp cho Loadcell v b tham chiu in p ADC trn ADS1230 , ngun VDD2 cp cho vi iu khin, ngun cho ADS1230, LCD v cc modul ngoi hoc modul giao tip chuyn dng trong cng nghip. L do s dng 2 ngun tch bit v Loadcell l mt cm bin ph thc in p nn mi thay i d rt nh ca ngun cp cng c th gy ra sai s o c, VDD1 phi gii quyt vn nhiu in p cp vo Loadcell sao cho nh nht. V dng in s dng rt nh nn ta c th dng IC n p loi nh 78L05 c cu trc Linear Voltage Regulator cho mn ca in p ra l nh nht. Mc d Linear Voltage Regulator cho hiu sut thp nhng vi dng din s dng nh th vn khng cn quan tm.

Hnh nh ca 78L05, kch thc rt b

VDD2 s dng cho nhiu thit b hn nn tiu tn in nng s cao hn, khi s dng IC n p dng Linear s cho hiu sut thp, gy nng IC rt nhiu v tn nng lng. Gii php ca chng ti l dng IC n p c dng Switching Voltage Regulator LM2576 hoc LM2596.

Cho php ti ln ti 3A v chc nng chng on mch, gii hn dng in khi tr ti st gim t ngt, SoftStart (khi ng khng gy tnh trng qu ) v hiu sut rt cao (c th ti 90%), chc chn s lm mch ca chng ta ti u v t hng hc nht. Tuy nhin ty cng sut s dng m la chn linh kin sao cho ph hp nht, c bit l cun cm u ra.

V l do ph bin thng tin trn Internet nn chng ti khng s dng li nhng kin thc ph thng m ch gii thiu mt cch y theo ng nhu cu truyn t.

Ngun s dng cho cc thit b trn ton b mch ny l ngun ph bin 12V hoc Pin tch tr 11-12V. Chng ti

khng khuyn co s dng ngun bin p thng thng v hiu sut thp, kch thc ln v n nh in p.