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Regulations

BS 7671:2008 installation requirements of electrical systems and components Electricity at Work Regulations 1989 safety when working with electrical equipment Building Regs Approved Document P: Electrical safety HSE Guidance Note GN38 - electrical test equipment Verband Deutscher Elektrotechniker (VDE) insulated to a standard of 1000V The Building Regs 2002 Part L boiler interlock controls that prevent the boiler repeatedly cycling

Fuse Types
Cartridge Fuse
Usually found in plugs 45A >13kW 30A > 7kW 20A for storage and water heater circuits 15A < 3kw for single appliances circuit 13A between 700W 3kW 5A for lighting circuit (MAX load is 1200W or 12x100W lamps) 3A < 700W (table lamps and alarm clock)

High Breaking/Rupture Capacity Fuse (HBC)


link can blow without the fuse itself being destroyed

Miniature Circuit Breaker (MCB)


opening as a result of the increased heat or magnetism Situated in the Consumer Unit Trips out when fault occurs Protects against overload

Residual Current Device (RCD)


senses an imbalance of current between the phase and neutral Protects against Earth faults Operate when detecting the fault above 30mA

Residual Current Breaker with Overload (RCBO)


Combination of MCB and RCD Recommended for commercial installations Protects single circuits (ring with lots of computers in use)

Rewireable Fuse

Not used on new installations as wrong wire can be used

Suppliers Main Service Fuse


suppliers cut out part of the Supply Companys Head Sealed and can be served only by electricity supplier MIN 750mm below roads (MIN 450 if below open grounds) underground supply cables

Customers Consumer Unit (CCU)


25mm2 cross sectional area cable between Companys Head and CCU for live and neutral Contains the main double-pole switch Bus bar????????????? Circuit Protection Conductors (CPC) where earth conductors are terminated (Earthing Bar)

Main Earth Terminal


16mm2 earthing conductor from earthing bar in CCU 16mm2 cable to the service head or outer casing of the supply cable - in case of underground supply To an earth electrode (main earthing conductor) in case of overhead supply

Safety Requirements
0.4 sec disconnect the circuit for socket outlets 5 sec disconnect the circuit for fixed appliances

Types of Electrical Tests


Continuity

to ensure integrity of the live, neutral and earth conductors Earth continuity test

Insulation Resistance

at least 0.5M resistance between the live and neutral conductors Insulation resistance test

Polarity Test

to check that live and neutral have not been crossed over

Testing Devices
Approved Voltage Indicating Device
Proving Unit confirms that an Approved Voltage Indicating Device is working correctly

Test Probes and Leads


Should have high breaking capacity (hbs or hrc) not exceeding 500mA

Safe Isolation Requirements


Proprietary Test Lamp Two-pole Voltage Detector Do not use to check safe isolation: o Voltage Stick o Multimeter

Maintenance
Nobo E4EU electric heater
Timer replacemnt. The part number is 8430018. Can be orderd from the Nobo UK dealer "Credaheating" here

Circuit Protective Conductor (CPC)


earth conductor is running through the circuit

Main Equipotential Bonding Conductors


MIN CSA 10mm2 from the Main Earth Terminal to the water and gas services (the point where they enter the building) 600mm MAX between the outlet of a Gas meter and earth bonding clamp

Mains Earth Bonding


from the main fuse to the consumer unit Protects against indirect contact MIN CSA 16mm2

Supplementary Equipotential Bonding


electric shower and bath, metal sink Continuity test low reading ohmmeter MIN CSA 6mm2 (4mm) Double insulated electrical parts are not required to be earthed

Temporary Bonding
Two crocodile clips connected by 10mm2 sheathed conductor Temporary bond is at least 1.2m of a single core flexible cable

Earth Rod
MIN 1.2m long Connected by MIN 16mm2 earth cable

Main Earth Bar


used to connect all earth cables together

Earthing of Appliances

Earth cable is the last to disengage if cable being tugged 13A MAX Fuse for a plug on a ring main socket

Types of Electrical Systems


TN-S System
underground cable earth comes into the building the same way as the phase and neutral

TT System
via two overhead conductors

TN-C-S System

Electrical Current
Direct Current (DC)
Produced from: batteries, photovoltaic solar panels, thermocouples, rectifying alternating current (AC) Thermocouples are often found in boilers Batteries two dissimilar metal rods (electrodes) immersed in an acid solution (electrolyte)

Alternating Current (AC)


Conductor is moved through a magnetic field 1000 human's body I=V/R I=W/V W=V2/R Electronic controls for plumbing systems should be hard wired in

Central Heating System Wiring Diagrams

Full Wiring Diagram (2x2 port valve)

Full Wiring Diagram (3 port mid position valve)


Room o o Room o o Room o o Room o o o stat off and Cylinder stat off Mid position valve opens hot water B by default No power to boiler and pump stat on and Cylinder stat off Mid position valve opens central heating A and energises orange wire to run the boiler and the pump stat off and Cylinder stat on Mid position valve opens hot water B by default Cylinder stat energises the boiler and pump stat on and Cylinder stat on Mid position valve will move to the centre AB position Cylinder stat energises the boiler and pump White wire will hold the valve in the mid position

Two-channel Programmer

Room Thermostat Wiring

Cylinder Thermostat Wiring

2-port Motorised Valve with Auxiliary Switch

Two-port Motorised Valve (heating)

Two-port Motorised Valve (hot-water)

Frost Thermostat Wiring

Frost & Pipe Thermostat (2 port valve)

Frost & Pipe Thermostat (Mid position valve)

S-plan Vaillant ecoTec Wirning Diagram

Y-plan Vaillant ecoTec Wirning Diagram

Types of Electrical Circuits


Wiring Types
Series Parallel

Ring Main Circuit


must be kept separate with lighting circuit 100m2 MAX floor area for Ring Main Spur radial extensions of a Ring Main

Radial Circuits
Lighting Circuit

power shower immersion heater oven

Central Heating Circuit


takes only a low current and protects by 6A MCB

Electrical Fittings
Junction Box
for spur and lighting circuits Box with individual screw or pillar terminals Square box with a terminal strip connector

Strip Connector
safe joint of wires

Pillar Terminal
secure connection by bolt

Screw Terminal
secure connection by screwing it down, found in Junction Boxes

Claw Washer
goes on top of the end of a wire

Rubber Grommet
used when cables run through holes in metal structures (Gung Flush Boxes)

Switches and Sockets


Can be Surface mounted or Flush Mounted

Gung Box
1 or 2 Gung Flush Box o single socket in solid wall

o countersunk metal or plastic 1 or 2 Gung Surface Box

Double Pole Ceiling Switch


for electric showers pull-cord type 45A

Rocker-type Wall Plate Switch


should not be installed in bathrooms

Fused Socket with Neon Light


Rocker switch immersion heaters and central heating circuit 13A MAX fuse rate

Shaver Socket
safe use of electric shaver

Positioning
450-1200mm mounting heights of electrical equipment (Approved Document M Access) MIN 350mm from room corners for outlets, switches and controls ( recommended by BS 8300) MIN 100mm from the work surface for sockets to avoid mechanical damage

Electrical Bathroom Zones


Zone 1
space accessible without use of a tool 3m up 230V socket MIN 3m from zone 1 and protected by an RCD

Zone 2
0.6m from Zone 1 window recess

Zone 3
2.25m up and 2.4m from Zone 2

washing basin

Outside Zones
space under the bath or shower if accessible by tools Must have additional protection by RCDs o Operating current < 30mA; o operating time < 40ms

Components
Transformer
step up or down an AC voltage

Rectifier
converts AC to DC Bridge rectifier contains 4 separate single diode rectifiers Diode electronic component that lets current flow in one direction only

Solenoid
used to hold valve opened or closed

Relay
uses current from one circuit to switch on or off current in another circuit Solid state relay has no moving parts Mechanical relay electromechanical device

Capacitor
stores electrical charge

Thermistor
electrical resistor whose resistance is rapidly varying function of temperature

Thermocouple
two dissimilar metals whose magnitude is dependant upon the temperature

Cable Sizing

Use Central Heating Lighting Immersion Heater Ring Circuit (Sockets) Light Duty Power Shower (8.5 kW) Heavy Duty Power Shower, Cookers (12 kW)

Fuse MCB Cable Size (CSA) 5A 5A 15 A 30 A 6A 6A 16 A 32 A 40 A 50 A 1.0mm 1.0mm 2.5mm 2.5mm 6.0mm 10.0mm

Cable Types
Flat Twin Core and Earth
for Ring Main o 2.5mm for hobs, cookers and power showers o 4; 6; 10; 16mm for lighting circuit o 1; 1.5mm

Three Core and Earth


for 2 way switches on lighting circuit and central heating wiring o 1; 1.5mm

Armored Cable
or Steel Wired SWA external use, burial, mains supply

Heat Resistant Cable 3 Core


0.75, 1.5, 2.5, 4mm storage heaters, low voltage lighting, cookers and hobs

White 3 Core Flex


0.5-2.5mm lighting a cabinet display, radio, TV, washing machine, extension leads

Cable Protection
PVC Conduit
protects cables in dry lining walls

Flexible Conduit
waterproof, will not delaminate

Trunking
protects surface mounted cables

Capping
protects buried cable

Concealed Cables Route


150mm from the ceiling level or corners Horizontal or vertical inside the wall If embedded at less than 50mm protected with earthed metal conduit or ducting [Regulation 522-06-06] Cables should not run in the cavity (may become wet)

-Electrical tools
Crimp (wire stripper) Cable/pipe detector Wire Cutter

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