Transduction Matrix of Electromechanical Driven Work Applying Systems Theory and Applications

The concept of Transduction Matrix of an electro-mechanical actuator was first proposed in 1999 when trying to develop a method of indirectly measuring actuating force and velocity at the work applying point in a MEMS (Micro Eletro-Mechanical System). Through 13 years of reserach, the matrix model has been generalized into a unique, general and wide-applicable theory for system modeling of a general mechanical work applying system driven by an electro-mechanical driver.

Basically, Transduction Matrix models the transduction behavior in frequency domain of an actuator system between the potential and flow variables of its mechanical and electrical terminals. The assumed linear transformation between F-v (force-speed) coordinates and E-i (voltagecurrent) coordinates accurately describes the transduction functions of linear actuators such as piezoceramic drivers. For more non-linear drivers like AC motors, the accuracy remains engineeringly valid in normal operating ranges. Other than close-form derivation of very simple cases, several numerical and experimental methods are also available to identify the four transduction functions for a given actuator. Interestingly, the determinant of the matrix is confirmed reflecting the efficiency of the energy transformation in the driver, 1 representing energy conservative and the value over 1 signifying energy consumed by heat dissipation in the driver.

Based on the simple model, many creative applications have been developed. These applications include: 1. As the base theory of a new class of sensors. This class of sensors exerts force to the measured object and senses both of the mechanical excitation and response simultaneously at the force exerting point. Among more than 10 developments, the moment cum rotary speed sensor and whisker sensor are breakthrough technologies uniquely addressing historical difficulties in vibration testing and tactile sensing respectively. 2. As a methodology for indrect measurement of the force, speed and impedance at the work exerting point of a manufacturing process driven by an electro-mechanical driver. The measurement is done by only remotely detecting and processing the input voltage and current of the manufacturing system. Ultrasonic welding processes like wire bonding, polymer welding are the most studied during the past decade. 3. As an enabling technology to make available input impedance of an electromechanically driven mechanical system the signature for health monitoring and fault diagnosis. Technologies on real-time in-process quality monitoring of spot welding, arc welding, electric discharging machining, microdrilling, etc. have been developed. 4. As a simple modeling method quanifying impedance propagation and power transmission in an motor driven electromechanical system in performing mechanical work or carrying load. The model provides a simple and accurate tool to mechanical designers in deciding the driver specs for work performing.

Prepared by: Daniel Digber and Isaac Yeboah

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Many other innovative applications are possible. Examples under research include robot-free measurment of mechanical impedance of human limbs for rehabilitation engineering and sports engineering, friction measurement of tribological behavior in precision engineering, tools and devices for tactile sensing. Recently, using the model to describe energy harvesting behavior of newly developed micor devices was suggested by overseas colleagues. Collaboration and Funding: In the past 13 years, more than 25 MEng and PhD students and post doctoral fellows in School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering contribute to the development of the theory and specific applications. These research projects lead by Professor Ling Shih-fu were financially supported by research grants from Academic Research Fund (AcRF), A*Star (and NSTB before), Data Storage Institue (DSI), Maritime and Port Authority (MPA), Intelligent System Center (IntelliSys), ST Kinetics, ST Dynamics, PTRC (Protective Technology Research Center) of NTU, DSTA of Misinstry of Defence, Jurong Shipyard, , etc. Their assistance is much appreciated. Those interested in commercialing the technologies or further developing in new or more specific application areas are welcome to contact Prof Ling Shih-fu at msfling@ntu.edu.sg.

Prepared by: Daniel Digber and Isaac Yeboah

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