N

IN T CNG SUT





GVHD : TRNG TH BCH THANH
SVTH : L XUN TRUNG.
MSSV : 105110393
NHM : 34






SVTH: L XUN TRUNG 11D1CLC


CHNG I
TNG QUAN V CC PHNG PHP IU CHNH TC
A. NG C IN MT CHIU.
1.1. Khi qut chung:
ng c in mt chiu cho php iu chnh tc quay lin tc trng mt phm
vi rng v trong nhiu trng hp cn c c tnh c c bit, thit b n gin hn
v r tin hn cc thit b iu khin ca ng c ba pha.V mt s u im nh
vy cho nn ng c in mt chiu c s dng rt ph bin trong cng nghip,
trong giao thng vn ti.
2.1. Cu to ca n c in mt chiu.
ng c in mt chiu chia thnh 2 thnh phn chin:
- phn tnh( stato).
Gm cc b phn nh sau:
Cc chnh t: l b phn sinh ra t trng, gm li st cc t v dy qun kch t.
+ Li st cc t lm bng l thp k thut in dy( 0,5-1)mm p li v tn cht.
+ Dy qun kch t c qun bng dy ng bc cch in.
Trong cc my c cng sut nh cc t chnh l mt nam chm vinh cu. Cn
trong my c cng sut ln cc t l nam chm in.
Cc t ph t gia cc t chnh dng ci thin trnh trng lm vic cu my
in v i chiu.
+ li thp cc t ph c th l mt khi hoc c gp bng cc l thp ty theo
ch lm vic.
SVTH: L XUN TRUNG 11D1CLC
Xung quanh cc t ph c t giy qun cc t ph, dy qun cc t ph
c ni vi dy qun phn ng.
Gng t: dng lm mch t ni lin cc cc t, ng thi lm v my.
- Phn quay(roto)
Bao gm cc b phn sau:
+ li thp phn ng: dng dn t, thng dng nhng tm thp k thut in
dy 0.5mm ph cch in mng hai mt ri p cht li gim tn hao do dng
in xoy gy ln.
Trong my in nh li thp phn ng c p trc tip vo trc cn tong my
in ln gia trc v li st c gi roto.
Dy qun phn ng l phn sinh ra sc in ng v c dng in chy qua, n
thng c lm bng ng bc cch in.
C gp: dng i chiu dng in xoay chiu thnh mt chiu.
C cu ni than: dng a dng in t phn quay ra ngoi.
2.2. phn loi ng c in mt chiu.
Cng nh my pht, ng c in cng c phn loi theo cch kch thch t
thnh cc ng c sau:
- ng c in kch t c lp:
ng c in mt chiu kch t c lp c qun kch t c cp in t mt
ngun in ngoai c lp vi ngun in cp cho mch phn ng.
- ng c kch t ni tip:
ng c kch t ni tip c cun kch t mc ni tip vi cun dy phn ng.
- ng c kch t hn hp:
Gm 2 dy qun kch t: dy qun kch t song song v dy qun kch t ni tip
trong dy qun kch t song song l ch yu.
2.3. Nguyn l lm vic ca ng c in mt chiu

Khi cho in p mt chiu U vo hai chi in, trong dy qun phn ng c
dng in I

. Cc thanh dn c dng in nm trong t trng, s chu lc F

t
tc dng lm cho rto quay.
Khi phn ng quay c na vng, v tr cc thanh dn i ch

cho nhau, do c phin gp i chiu dng in, gi cho chiu

lc tc dng khng i, m bo ng c c chiu quay khng i.
SVTH: L XUN TRUNG 11D1CLC
Khi ng c quay, cc thanh dn ct t trng, s cm ng sc in ng E

..
ng c in mt chiu sc in ng E

ngc chiu vi dng in I

nn
sc in ng E

cn c gi l sc phn din.
Phng trnh in l:

3.phng trnh c tnh c:
iu khin c tc ng c in mt chiu kch t c lp th ta phi phn
tch, tm cc mi quan h gia tc vi cc thng s khc ca ng c t
a ra phng php iu khin. ng c in mt chiu kch t c lp th dng
kch t c lp vi dng phn ng.V c nui bi hai ngun mt chiu c lp
vi nhau.

Hnh 1. S ni dy ca ng c mt chiu kch t c lp
Theo hnh 1 ta vit phng trnh cn bng in p ca mch phn ng :
U

=E

+ ( R

+ R
f
)I

(1)
Trong : U

: in p t ln phn ng ng c(V).
E

: Sc in ng phn ng (V)
R

: in tr ca mch phn ng ()
R
f
: in tr ph trong mch phn ng ()
I

: Dng in mch phn ng ()

Vi R

= r

+ r
cf
+r
b
+ r
ct
Trong : r

in tr cun dy phn ng ()
SVTH: L XUN TRUNG 11D1CLC
R
cf
: in trcun cc t ph()
R
b
: in tr cun b ( )
R
ct
: in tr tip xc chi in ()
Sc in ng E

ca phn ng ng c c xc nh theo biu thc sau:

trong : p : S i cc tchnh
N : S thanh dn tc dng ca cun dy phn ng
a : S i mch nhnh song song ca cun dy phn ng
: T thng kch t di mi cc t(wb)
: Tc gc (rad/s)
K =

: H s cu to ng c.
Nu biu din sc in ng theo tc quay n (vng/ pht) th

=

V vy :

Vi :

: H s sc in ng ca ng c.

.
SVTH: L XUN TRUNG 11D1CLC
Thay (1) v (2) v bin i ta c :

; (4)
Biu thc (4) l phng trnh c tnh c in ca ng c.Mt khc, mmen in
t: M
t=

(5)

Nu b qua tn tht trong cc trc, tn tht t qut mt v tn tht trong thp th
mmen c trn trc ca ng c bng mmen in t, ta k hiu l M, tc l :
M
t
= M
c
=M
Vy phng trnh c tnh c ca ng c l :

( 6)
Biu thc (6) l phng trnh c tnh c ca ng c in mt chiu kch t c
lp .
Khng xt n nh hng ca phn ng phn ng ngang trc lm gim t thng
ca ng c tc l xem =const th quan h =f(M,I) l tuyn tnh.


Hnh 2 th c tnh c ca ng c in mt chiu kch t c lp
T th ta c : khi I

= 0 hoc M =0 ta c:
SVTH: L XUN TRUNG 11D1CLC

(7)

0
: c gi l tc khng ti l tng ca ng c, khi =
0
ta c:

V M = k

(9)
I
nm
, M
nm
: c gi l dng in ngn mch v mmen ngn mch.
Mt khc : phng thnh c tnh (4) v (6) cng c th vit di dng:

V :

ta suy ra t (5)
Trong : R = R

+ R
f
,

: c gi l st tc ng vi gi trca M (hay I) , ta c th biu din c
tnh c in v c tnh c trong h n v tng i vi iu kin t thng l nh
mc ( =
m
)

( R
cb
=U
m
/ I
m
c gi l in tr c bn )
T(4) v (6) ta vit c tnh c in v c tnh c n v tng i
SVTH: L XUN TRUNG 11D1CLC
*=1- R*I* (13)
= 1- R*M(14)
cng ca c tnh c:

Cng sut (nng lng in)
T phng trnh l tng : IU =(E

+IR

)I (16)
Ta c P
in
=P
t
+
Trong P
t
= IE

cng sut in t.
P =I
2
R

tn hao cng sut c trn in tr phn ng .
Thc t :P
in
=P
t
+ P

+ P
0
(17)

Vi P
0
tn hao ma st do s quay
T biu thc (4) hoc (6) ta thy l mt hm ph thuc R, ,U : =f(R,,U) do
iu chnh tc ng c in mt chiu kch t c lp
c ba phng php iu khin sau :
- iu khin in tr ph phn ng
- iu khin t thng kch t
- iu khin in p phn ng
Sau y ta xem xt tng phng php iu khin mt
2. CC PHNG PHP IU KHIN NG C IN MT CHIU
KCH T C LP
2.1 Phng php iu khin bng in tr ph phn ng (R
f
):
Nguyn l iu chnh:
SVTH: L XUN TRUNG 11D1CLC
Ni thm in tr ph R
f
vo mch phn ng
Ta phn tch trn nn ta c = fRf,
kt
, U, gi thit rng :Nu gi
=
m
=const ; U= U
m
= const; R

=const th =f(R
f
)
Mun thay i c gi tr R
f
ca mch phn ng bng cch ni tip mt in tr
ph(R
f
) thay i c gi trvo mch phn ng. Lc ny ta c : R = R

+ R
f
T phng trnh c tnh c :

T phng trnh trn ta thy : khi tng gi tr ca R
f
th tc ca ng c gim,
khi gim gi tr ca R
f
th tc ca ng c tng .

Lc ny ta c tc khng ti l tng:

Nh vy khi thay i R
f
cho ta mt h c tnh nh sau:

Hnh 1-3 : c tnh c ca ng c in mt chiu kch t c lp nhng in
tr ph khc nhau
Nhn xt: Nu R
f
cng ln th tc ng c cng gim, ng thi I
nm
v M
nm
cng gim. Phng php ny c dng hn ch dng in ng c khi khi
ng.

SVTH: L XUN TRUNG 11D1CLC
- u im : n gin , d thc hin.
- Nhc im : + cng c tnh c thp.
+ Tn tht nng lng trn in tr ln .
+ Phm vi iu chnh hp.
2.2. Phng php iu chnh bng t thng kch t:
Nguyn l iu chnh:
iu chnh t thng kch t ca ng c in mt chiu l iu chnh m men in
t ca ng c M = kI

v sc in ng quay ca ng c
E

=k

Hnh 1-4 :S ni dy iu chnh kch t ca ng c
in mt chiu kch t c lp.
T biu thc (4) v (6) ta thy = f(U, kt, Rf), nu gi U=U
m
=const v in tr
phn ng R

= const (R
f
=0 ) lc ny = f(kt). thay i c tc ta cn
thay i
kt
, m t thng kch t do dng kch t sinh ra.
Vy iu chnh
kt
ta mc thm bin tr Rv vo mch kch t, khi iu chnh

kt
ta phi tun theo iu kin sau.

Khng th tng dng kch t I
kt
ln hn dng nh mc ca cun dy kch t v n
ph hng cun kch t v khi
kt
=
m
bo ha ri, nu mun tng I
kt
th
kt
cng khng tng ng k nn ta iu chnh bng cch gim
kt
.
Trong trng hp ny ta c:
SVTH: L XUN TRUNG 11D1CLC
- Tc khng ti l tng

- cng ca c tnh c

Do cu to ca ng c in, thc t hng iu chnh gim t thng. Nn khi t
thng gim th
x
tng, cn s gim. Ta c th c tnh c vi
x
tng dn v
cng ca c tnh gim dn khi gim t thng.

Hnh 1-5 : c tnh c v c in ca ng c in mt chiu kch t c lp khi
gim t thng.
T th ta nhn thy khi t thng thay i vi
m
>
1
>
2
ta c:
- Dng in ngn mch :

=
- M men ngn mch : M
nm
= k
x
I
nm
= var (M
nm
> M
nm1
> M
nm2
)
T th c tnh ta thy
0
<
1
<
2
.Vy phng php iu chnh t thng l
phng php iu chnh trn tc c bn.
Cc ch tiu cht lng khi gim t thng
kt
SVTH: L XUN TRUNG 11D1CLC
- Tc khng ti l tng:

tng.
- cng c tnh c :

gim.
- Di iu chnh khng rng. : D =

1 : 2
+ Tc nh nht b chn bi c tnh t nhin (=m)
+ Tc ln nht
max
b gii hn bi bn c kh v iu kin chuyn mch ca
ng c
- u im : Cng sut mch iu chnh nh, tn tht nng lng nh
- Cng c th sn xut nhng ng c gii hn iu chnh 1:5 thm ch n 1:8
nhng phi dng nhng phng php khng ch c bit, do cu to v cng
ngh ch to phc tp khin cho gi thnh ca my tng ln.
2.3. Phng php iu khin ng c in mt chiu kch t c lp bng
thay i in p phn ng:

Gi thit = m=const; R

=const,(R
f
=0), M = const. Lc ny = f(U

)
Khi thay i in p phn ng ta c:

Nh vy khi thay i in p phn ng cho ta mt h cc c tnh sau.
SVTH: L XUN TRUNG 11D1CLC

Vi U
m
>U
1
>U
2
>U
3
>>U
i
Hnh 1-6 : th c tnh c ca ng c in mt chiu kch t c lp khi in
p phn ng thay i.
Nh vy khi thay i in p phn ng ng c ta c mt h c tnh c song
song vi c tnh t nhin.
Nhn xt :
- u im : + khng gy n
+ khng gy tn hao ph trong ng c
+ di iu chnh rng D 10 : 1
+ cng c tnh c khng i trong tn di iu chnh
+ d t ng ha.
- Nhc im : + phng php iu chnh ny cn mt b ngun c th thay i
trn in p ra.
+ iu khin phc tp
Kt lun : Vi s pht trin ca khoa hc k thut nh hin nay th phng php
ny cng c s dng ph bin trong sn xut cng nh trong cc lnh vc khc.
2.4. Nuyn l iu chnh:
c tnh iu chnh :
SVTH: L XUN TRUNG 11D1CLC
iu chnh in p phn ng, ta phi s dng mt b bin i, iu chnh c
in p u ra cp cho mach phn ng ca ng c.

Hnh 1-7 : S ngyn l iu chnh ng c
B bin i dng bin i in p xoay chiu ca li in thnh mt chiu
v iu chnh c gi tr in p u ra theo yu cu. in tr trong ca b bin
i. R
b
ph thuc vo loi thit b, v thng thng cng sut ca b bn i v
ng c xp x bng nhau nn R
b
cng c gi tr ng k so vi R

ca ng c.
T s nguyn l ta c s thay th

Hnh 1-8 : S thay th nguyn l iu chnh ng c
T s thay th ta c phng trnh cn bng in p.
E

= U
b
(R
b
+ R

)I

(20)
Sc in ng ca ng c
E

= k
m
(21)
T biu thc (20) v (21) ta c
SVTH: L XUN TRUNG 11D1CLC
k
m
= U
b
( R
b
+ R

)I

(22)
T phng trnh (22) ta c phng trnh c tnh c in.

Phng trnh c tnh c:

Vi : M =k
m
I

Trong
m
l t thng nh mc ca ng c,
m
= const.
Tc khng ti l tng

cng ca c tnh c

Ta thy tc khng ti l tng khng ph thuc vo M, I m ph thuc vo U
b
.
U
b
=k
a
U
k
Trong : k
a
l h s khuych i ca b bin i
U
k
l in p iu khin

T phng trnh (23) v (24) ta c th c tnh c biu din nh sau.
SVTH: L XUN TRUNG 11D1CLC

Hnh 1-9 : th c tnh c in khi U
b
thay i
T th ta thy, khi U
b
thay i th ta c nhng tc khng ti l tng khc
nhau, cn cng c tnh c khng i v c tnh iu chnh dc hn c tnh t
nhin.
Nhn xt :
- iu chnh tc trong bt k vng ti no, k c khng ti l tng , c tnh
c iu chnh tuy mm hn c tnh t nhin nhng cng hn phng php dng
bin tr v thay i
kt

- iu khin phc tp, vn u t ln nhng n l phng php tt hn so vi
hai phng php trn
Kt lun : Sau khi phn tch ba phng php iu khin nu trn th phng
php iu khin bng thay i in p phn ng l tt hn c. Cho nn em chn
phng php lm phng php nguyn cu cho ti ca em.
3. CC B BIN I IU CHNH TC NG C MT CHIU
KCH T C LP BNG THAY I IN P PHN NG .
- Hin nay trong cng nghip ngi ta thng s dng ba loi b bin i sau:
+ B bin i my pht in mt chiu
SVTH: L XUN TRUNG 11D1CLC
+ B bin i xung p mt chiu
+ B bin i chnh lu c iu khin
- Tng ng vi vic s dng cc b bin i ta c cc h truyn ng sau:
+ H my pht ng c( F )
+ H iu chnh xung p ng c( XA )
+ H chnh lu Tiristo ng c( T )
















SVTH: L XUN TRUNG 11D1CLC
Chng II
TNG QUAN V B CHNH LU THYRISTOR HNH CU 3 PHA.
THIT K S N NGHUYN L H THNG CHNH LU
NG C IN 1 CHIU(h T- ) KCH T C LP.

A. TNG QUAN V B CHNH LU THYRISTOR HNH CU 3 PHA.
I. TNG QUAN V B CHNH LU THYRISTOR HINH CU 3
PHA.
1. 1 gii thiu v thyristor.
Thyristor l linh kin gm 4 lp bn dn P
1
-N
1
-P
2
-N
2
lin tip to nn
ba cc: anot A, catot K v cc iu khin G(gate) Ti ba v tr tip xc
nhau ca cc lp P
1
-N
1
-P
2
-N
2
to nn cc lp tip gip J
1
,J
2
,J
3
.
V l thuyt c hai loi thyristor:
- Thyristor kiu N hay thyristor c cc iu khin G ni vi vng N gn anot.

- Thyristor kiu P hay thyristor c cc G ni vi vng P gn catot.
- Hot ng ca thyristor:
- Thysristor lm vic ba trng thi: ng m kha
U
BR
: in p ngc nh thng
U
BO
: in p t m ca thyristor
U
TO
: in p ri trn Thyristor
I
L
latching
I
H
dng duy tr.
SVTH: L XUN TRUNG 11D1CLC



+ thysristor kha nu U
AK
< 0 v s vn kho nu ta cho U
AK
> 0.
+ thysristor chuyn qua trng thi t kha sang dn nu ng thi m bo 2
iu kin: U
AK
> 0, v c dng iu khin I
G
mnh( v c cng sut v
thi gian). Khi thyristor dn nu ngt dng iu khin i( cho I
G
=0) n s
vn dn chng nao dng in qua n ln hn mt gi tr gi l dng duy tr.
- Trong thc t ngi ta s dng thyristor kiu N nhiu hn.
II. CHNH LU THYRISTOR CU 3 PHA.
1.1 s chnh lu cu thyristor cu 3 pha.

SVTH: L XUN TRUNG 11D1CLC


1.2 cc tham s chnh ca mch chnh lu cu 3 pha:
- gi tr trung bnh in p chnh lu.

Khi th U
d0
= 2,34.U
2

- Tr s trung bnh dng in qua van:

- in p ngc ln nht m van phi chu khi lm vic:

- Cng sut tnh ton mch MBA ngun: S
ba
= 1,05.P
d

- H s mch cu in p chn lu Km = 0,057 s chnh lu 3 pha( H
gm 6 thyristor chia than hai nhm)
+ Nhm catot chung: T
1
,T
3
,T
5

+ Nhm anot chung: T
2
,T
4
,T
6
.
SVTH: L XUN TRUNG 11D1CLC
- in p pha:

G m c tnh t giao im ca cc na hnh sin ( hay thi gian chuyn
mch t nhin).
- Hot ng ca s .
Gi thit T5 v T6 ang cho dng chy qua V
F
= U
2C
,V
G
= U
2b
khi

cho xung iu khin m T

1
. Thyristor m v U2a >0. S m ca
T1 lm cho T5 b kha li mt cch t nhin v U
2a
> U
2c
, lc ny T
6
v T
1

cho dng chy qua. in p trn ti U
d
= U
ab
=U
2a
= U
2b
.
Khi

cho sung iu khin m T

2.
Thyristor ny m v khi
T6 dn dng, n t U
2b
nn anot T
2
m U
2b
> U
2c
. s m ca T
2
lm cho T
6

b kha li mt cch t nhin U
2b
> U
2c
.
Cc sung iu khin lch nhau

c ln lt a n cc iu khin ca
cc thyristor theo th t 1,2,3,4,5,6,1,2..
Trong mi nhm khi 1 Thyristor m n s kha ngay thyristor dn dng
trc n.
Tm tt bng:

Gi tr trung bnh in p ti:

SVTH: L XUN TRUNG 11D1CLC

Nhn xt: Chnh lu cu thyristor cu 3 pha l loi c s dng nhiu nht trong
thc t v c nhiu u im hn c. N cho php u thng vo li in 3 pha,
p mch rt nh(5).
Nu c dng bin p th gy mo li i t hn cc loi trn ng thi cng sut
MBA cng ch xp x bng cng sut ti. cng sut mch chnh lu c th rt ln
ln ti hng trm kw.
Nhc im ca n l st p trong mch van gp i s hnh tia nn khng ph
hp vi in p ra ti di 10V.
2.2.2. Hin tng trng dn .
Gi s T
1
, T
2
ang dn dng . Khi =
1
cho xung iu khin m T
3
, do L
c

0 nn i
T3
khng th tng t ngt t 0 I
d
v dng i
T1
cng khng th gim t
ngt t I
d
0 . C ba thyristor T
1
, T
3
, T
5
u dn dng , hai ngun e
a
, e
b
ni
ngn mch .
Nu chuyn gc to t 0 n
1
ta c :
e
a
= 2 . U
2
sin( +
6
5t
+ ) (2-2)
e
b
= 2 . U
2
sin( +
6
t
+ ) (2-3)
in p ngn mch U
c
= U
b
U
a
= 6 . U
2
sin( + )
Dng in ngn mch i
c
c xc nh bi phng trnh :
U
c
= 6 . U
2
sin( + ) = 2X
c
.
u d
di
c
; i
c
=
c
X
U
. 2
. 6
2
[ cos cos( + ) ] ; (2-5)



SVTH: L XUN TRUNG 11D1CLC







Hnh 2-6 : S chnh lu cu ba pha c hin tng trng dn .

Hnh 2-7 : S dng sng chnh lu cu ba pha c trng dn .
Dng in chy trong T
1
l i
T1
= T
d
- I
c
;
Dng in chy trong T
3
l i
T3
= i
c
;
Gi thit qu trnh trng dn kt thc khi =
2
v k hiu =
2

1
l gc trng
dn .
Khi = , i
T1
= 0 , ta c biu thc sau :
2
a c
e e +

U
d
0
1
3
5
6
2
4

5;1 1;3 3;5
6;2
2;4
4;6
2
c b
e e +

2
b a
e e +

u
2a
u
2b
u
2c
V
G
V
F
F
G
T
1
T
4
T
3



T
6
T
5
T
2
L
c

I

e
a
e
b
e
c
L
c
L
c
i
c
SVTH: L XUN TRUNG 11D1CLC
cos cos( + ) =
2
. 6
. . 2
U
I X
d c
(2-6)
Hnh dng in p ti U
d
trong giai on trng dn trong khong
1

2
. T
2
dn
dng , T
1
, T
3
trng dn dng . Vy c th vit cc phng trnh sau :
e
a
- e
c
- 2L
c

dt
di
T1
= U
d
(2-7)
e
b
e
c
- 2L
c.
dt
di
T 3

= U
d
(2-8)
i
T3
+ i
T1
= i
T2
= I
d
=const (2-9)
T 3 phng trnh ta rt ra :
U
d
=
2
b a
e e +
- e
c
(2-10)
Do trng dn ( L
c
0) nn tr trung bnh ca in p ti b gim i mt U

,
v c xc nh nh sau :
U

=
t . 2
6

} }
+ =
+

u o u
t
u
0 0
). sin( . 6
3
)
2
( d d
e e
e
b a
b

=
t . 2
6 3
[cos - cos(+ ) ] (2-11)
T ta c th xc nh c : U

=
t
c
L X . . . 3
; (2-12)
2.2.3. Nghch lu ph thuc.
Ta c ch chnh lu dng in trung bnh trn ti I
d
v in p trung bnh
U
d
lun cng chiu . Cng sut tiu th trn ti P = U
d
.I
d
lun dng v chiu
ca cng sut lun t pha ngun xoay chiu chuyn qua ti mt chiu , ta ni b
bin i lm vic ch chnh lu.
SVTH: L XUN TRUNG 11D1CLC

Hnh 2-8 : a ) Ch chnh lu ; b ) Ch nghch lu .
Khi tng gc m , gi tr trung bnh ca in p chnh lu U
d
gim i nhng
vn cn dng . Tip tc tng >
2
t
, in p chnh lu trung bnh i du . Cc
M tr thnh m ( - ) v N thnh dng ( + ) , in p U
d
tng dn n khi = .
V in p U
d
i chiu trong khi I
d
c chiu khng i nn cng sut P i du .
iu ny c ngha l ti mt chiu tr thnh ngun pht v cng sut truyn
ngc t pha ti v ngun . Ta ni b bin i chuyn sang lm vic ch
nghch lu . Lu rng ch nghch lu , li xoay chiu nhn cng sut tc
dng t pha ti nhng vn tip tc cung cp cng sut phn khng v nh hng
n dng sng , tn s ca in p xoay chiu ta ni rng s ny lm vic ch
nghch lu ph thuc .
li c th nhn nng lng t pha ti th ti phi l mt ngun pht v
in p ca ti phi ln hn in p ca ngun m bo cho van bn dn phn
cc thun




Hnh 2-9 : S dng sng ca nghch lu ph thuc .
Ti
a )
M
N
_
+
Ti
U
d
I
d
BB
Cng sut P = U
d
.I
d
> 0
b )
M
N
+
_
U
d
I
d
BB
Cng sut P = U
d
.I
d
< 0

u
2a
u
2b
u
2c

2 3
0
U
V
G
V
F
t
1
3
5
6
2
4 6
2 4
1
3
U
tb
SVTH: L XUN TRUNG 11D1CLC
Trong trng hp nghch lu ph thuc th ta phi c gc iu khin > /2
ta c in p trung bnh ca nghch lu ph thuc l U
tb
< 0 nh hnh 2-9 .
B. S NGHUN L H H THNG CHNH LU NG C IN 1
CHIU ( H T) KCH T C LP.
3.1 Tng quan v h truyn ng T- khng o chiu.
Khi dng cc b chnh lu c iu khin hay l b chnh lu dng thyristor lm
b ngun mt chiu cung cp phn ng ng c in mt chiu, ta c in p chnh
lu ca h:

Vy ta c phng trnh c in v phng trnh c tnh c ca h chnh lu T
khng o chiu.

l tc khng ti l tng, v lc vng dng in gin
on h s c thm mt lng st p nn ng c tnh biu din dc hn. Tc
khng ti l tng thc

s ln hn tc khng ti gi tng

Vy khi thay i gc iu khin th

thay i t

n (-

v
ta s c mt h c tnh song song vi nhau nm bn phi mt phng to [
I] hoc [ M].

Trong : X
BA
: in khng my bin p. f
l
: Tn s li.

: in cm tng mch phn ng. m: s pha chnh lu
SVTH: L XUN TRUNG 11D1CLC



a. Ch dng lien tc.
Dng chnh lu Id chnh l dng in phn ng ng c in. Da vo s thay
th ta vit c phng trnh c tnh:
2.3 . Tng quan h truyn ng T c o chiu.
2.3.1. Nguyn tc c bn xy dng h truyn ng T- o chiu :
- Gi nguyn chiu dng in phn ng v o chiu dng kch t .
SVTH: L XUN TRUNG 11D1CLC
- Gi nguyn dng kch t v o chiu dng phn ng nhng c phn ra
bn s chnh :
+ Truyn ng dng mt b bin i cp cho phn ng v o chiu quay
bng cch o chiu dng kch t .
+ Truyn ng dng mt b bin i cp cho phn ng v o chiu quay
bng cng tc t chuyn mch phn ng ( t thng gi khng i ) .
+ Truyn ng dng hai b bin i cp cho phn ng iu khin ring .
+ Truyn ng dng hai b bin i ni song song iu khin chung .
Tuy nhin , mi loi s u c u nhc im ring v thch hp vi tng
loi ti , trong phn ny ta chn b truyn ng dng hai b bin i ni song song
ngc iu khin chung , bi n dng cho di cng sut va v ln c tn s o
chiu cao v thc hin o chiu m hn .Trong s ny ng c khng nhng
o chiu c m cn c
2.3.2.Phng php iu khin chung :
S gm hai b bin i G
1
v G
2
, u song song ngc vi nhau v cc
cun khng cn bng L
c
. Tng b bin i c th lm vic ch chnh lu
hoc nghch lu .
Phng php iu khin kiu tuyn tnh :
1
+
2
=
Lc ny c hai mch chnh lu cng c pht xung iu khin , nhng lun
khc ch nhau : mt mch ch chnh lu ( xc nh du ca in p mt
chiu ra ti cng l chiu quay ang cn c ) cn mch kia ch nghch lu . V
hai mch cng du cho mt ti nn gi tr trung bnh ca chng phi bng nhau .
U
t
= U
d1
= U
d2
; (2-13)
Nu dng in lin tc ta c : U
d1
= U
d0
.cos
1
;
U
d2
= U
d0
.cos
2
;
Vy : U
d0
.cos
1
= U
d0
.cos
2
;
Hay : cos
1
+ cos
2
= 0 ; suy ra
1
+
2
= 180
0
;
SVTH: L XUN TRUNG 11D1CLC
Nu
1
l gc m i vi G
1
,
2
l gc m i vi G
2
th s phi hp gi tr

1
v
2
phi c thc hin theo quan h :

1
+
2
= 180
0
;
S phi hp ny gi l phi hp iu khin tuyn tnh (hnh 2-11) .







Hnh 2-11 : S phi hp tuyn tnh ca
1
v
2
.
Gi s cn ng c quay thun , ta cho G
1
lm vic ch chnh lu ,

1
= 0 90
0
, U
d1
> 0 , by gi
2
> 90
0
, G
2
lm vic ch nghch lu , U
i2
<
0 .
U
d1
= U
0
cos
1
> 0 ;
U
i2
= U
0
cos
2
< 0 ;
C hai in p U
d1
v U
i2
u c ln phn ng ca ng c M . ng c ch
c th nghe theo U
d1
v quay thun . ng c t chi U
i2
v cc thyristor khng
th cho dng chy t catt n ant .
Khi
1
=
1
= 90
0
, th U
d1
= U
i2
= 0 , ng c trng thi dng.th hm ti
sinh .

2
= 0
1
= 0

1
=180
0

2
=180
0
30
0

60
0

90
0

150
0
180
0
120
0
0
u
c u
c1
u
c2
u
c4
u
c3
SVTH: L XUN TRUNG 11D1CLC

Hnh 2-12 : S chnh lu cu ba pha dng phng php iu khin chung .
Gi s u
c
l in p iu khin b iu khin cn khi ng M quay thun
ta cho u
c
= u
c1
(hnh 2-11) .

1
= 30
0
,
2
= 180
0
-
1
= 150
0
, U
d1
=
2
3
U
0
, U
d2
= -
2
3
U
0
;
G
1
lm vic ch chnh lu cn G
2
chun b sn sng lm vic ch
nghch lu . Nu by gi cn gim tc ng c , ta cho u
c
= u
c2
, cc gc m :

1
= 60
0
,
2
= 180
0
-
1
= 120
0
, U

d1
=
2
1
U
0
, U
d2
= -
2
1
U
0
.
T
1
T
4
T
3



T
6
T
5
T
2
L
c
F
G
T
4
T
1
T
6



T
3
T
2
T
5
+
-
C
kt
M
I
kt
L
L
c
L
c
L
c
u
2a
u
2b
u
2c
G
1
G
2
SVTH: L XUN TRUNG 11D1CLC
Lc ny , do qun tnh nn sc in ng E ca ng c vn cn gi nguyn
tr s ng vi trng thi trc , E > U
d1
b bin i G
1
b kho li .
Mt khc E > |U

d2
| nn b bin i G
2
lm vic ch nghch lu ph
thuc , tr nng lng tch lu trong ng c v ngun in xoay chiu . Dng in
phn ng i du , chy t M vo G
2
ng c b hm ti sinh , tc gim xung
n gi tr ng vi U

d1
.
Nu cho in p iu khin u
c
< 0 th G
2
s lm vic ch chnh lu , cn
G
1
s lm vic ch nghch lu ph thuc .
Vy bng cch thay i in p iu khin u
c
( u
c
> 0 hoc u
c
< 0 ) ta s thay
i c gc m
1
v
2
:
+ Nu u
c
> 0 th
1
< 90
0
,
2
> 90
0
dn n b chnh lu G
1
lm vic ch
chnh lu , cn b bin i G
2
lm vic ch nghch lu ph thuc kt qu l
lm cho ng c quay thun
T
.
+ Nu u
c
< 0 th
1
> 90
0
,
2
< 90
0
dn n b chnh lu G
1
lm vic ch
nghch lu ph thuc , cn b bin i G
2
lm vic ch chnh lu , kt qu l
lm cho ng c quay theo chiu ngc
N
.
c im ca ch o dng ang xt l c mt dng in lc th chy t
G
1
vo G
2
, lc th chy t G
2
vo G
1
m khng qua mch ti . Ngi ta gi dng
in ny l dng in tun hon .
Dng in tun hon lm cho my bin p v cc thyristor lm vic nng n
hn . hn ch dng in tun hon ngi ta dng bn in cm L
c
(nh hnh 2-
12) . Nh th s lm tng cng sut t v gi thnh h thng . Tuy nhin phng
php iu khin chung cho php iu chnh nhanh ti a .
- Xc nh dng in tun hon i
cc
.





SVTH: L XUN TRUNG 11D1CLC












s
Xt trung hp
1
= 30
0
,
2
= 180
0
-
1
= 150
0
, nh hnh 2-13 . Trong khong

1
n
3
: c T
1
v T
6
, T
2
v T
5
dn dng ,nhng ant T
5
v catt T
2
c cng mt
in th , khng c dng chy t T
5
sang T
2
. Ch c dng tun hon chy t G
1

vo G
2
qua T
1
v T
6
. in p tun hon trong khong ny l :
u
cc12
= u
2a
u
2b
= 6 U
2
sin( + /6) ;
Nu chuyn to t O sang O
2
, ta c :
u
cc12
= - 6 U
2
sin = 2.X
c

u d
di
cc12
;
i
cc12
=
c
X
U
2
. 6
2
.cos + C ;
Khi =
1
, i
cc12
= 0 , ta c :
6 2 4
1 3 5

1
= 30
0

2
= 150
0

1

2


2




u
a
u
b
u
c

4
4

6 2
3
5

1

1
-
1 0
0
0

0
i
cc21
i
cc12

2



SVTH: L XUN TRUNG 11D1CLC
i
cc12
= -
c
X
U
2
. 6
2
.(cos - cos
1
) ; (2-14)
Tip tc xt cc khong khc , kt qu nhn c cho php ta kt lun :
hon i
cc12
chy t G
1
vo G
2
, v ba xung dng in tun hon i
cc12
chy t G
2
vo
G
1
.
Tr trung bnh ca dng in tun hon :
I
cc
=
t 2
3
}

1
1
. 2
. 6
2
o
o c
X
U
(cos - cos
1
)d =
c
X
U
t 2
. 6 3
2
.(sin
1

1
cos
1
) (2-15)
Phng php iu khin kiu phi tuyn :
1
+
2
= + .
y l kiu iu khin phi hp khng hon ton th lc ny s c thm h s
phi tuyn v ta c :

1
+
2
= + ;
Gc ph thuc vo cc gi tr ca
1
v
2
mt cch phi tuyn .

Hnh 2-14 : a ) S iu khin chung phi hp kiu tuyn tnh .

I
d

0dm
0dm
0dm
dm

1min
0dm
0dm
dm

2max
0dm
0dm
dm
I
c

1
= /2
0dm
0dm
dm
-
0dm
0dm
0dm
dm

1max
0dm
0dm
dm

2min
0dm
0dm
dm
a )

0dm
0dm
dm
I
d

1min
0dm
0dm
dm

2max
0dm
0dm
dm

0dm
0dm
0dm
dm
-
0dm
0dm
0dm
dm

1max
0dm
0dm
dm

2min
0dm
0dm
dm

1
= /2
0dm
0dm
dm
I
c
b )

0dm
0dm
dm
SVTH: L XUN TRUNG 11D1CLC
b ) S iu khin chung phi hp kiu phi tuyn .
2.3.2.Phng php iu khin ring :
Hai mch chnh lu hot ng ring bit . Mch ny hot ng (c pht
xung iu khin ) th mch kia hon ton ngh ( b ngt xung iu khin ) . V vy
loi tr c dng in tun hon v khng cn cun khng cn bng L
c
. Song
trong qu trnh o chiu cn c thi gian cht ( nh nht l vi ms ) cho van
ca mch phi ngng hot ng kp phc hi tnh cht kho ri mi bt u pht
xung cho mch kia hot ng . V vy cn mt khi logic iu khin o chiu tin
cy v phc tp .
thay i trng thi lm vic ca cc b chnh lu th phi dng thit b c
bit chuyn cc tn hiu iu khin t b chnh lu ny sang b chnh lu kia .
Bi vy , khi iu khin ring , cc dc tnh c s b gin on ti trc tung . Nh
vy , khi thc hin thay i ch lm vic ca h s kh khn hn v h c tnh
linh hot km hn khi iu chnh tc .
Trong phng php iu khin ring cng c phi hp iu khin kiu tuy
tnh v phi tuyn .










T
1
T
4
T
3



T
6
T
5
T
2
F
G
T
4
T
1
T
6



T
3
T
2
T
5
+
-
C
kt
M
I
kt
L
u
2
a




2c
u
2
b
u
2
c
G
1
G
2
SVTH: L XUN TRUNG 11D1CLC
Hnh 2-15 : S cu chnh lu cu ba pha c dng phng php iu khin
ring .
Do s ny dng phng php iu khin ring nn trong mch khng c
dng in tun hon dn n trong mch ta khng dng bn cun khng cn bng
L
c
.
- S nghuyn l h truyn ng T-:

















B bin i van thyristor l mt loi ngun in p mt chiu, n trc tip bin i
dng soay chiu thnh dng mt chiu. vic iu chnh in p u ra ca b bin
i, c thc hin bng cch iu chnh gc m ca van.
in p chnh lu U
d0
( in p khng ti u ra) c dng p mch vi tn s
p mch l n trong mt chu k ca in p s cp ca my bin p lc.
S chnh lu cu n= 2m.(vi m l s pha).s hnh tia n=m.
Gi s in p cp cho b bin i van c dng.
K
n
- - -
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
U
k

C
0

T
1

T
3

T
5

T
4

T
6

T
2

u
2a
u
2b
u
2c

BA
U
1
~, f
1

+ -
- -

C
K
R
K

- -
- -
- -
CCSX

BKC
SVTH: L XUN TRUNG 11D1CLC

t
Ta bit sau mt chu k dng in v in p lp li nn ta ch cn xt cho mt
chu k l , coi in tr van R
v
=0.
- S thay th mch.
Mt b bin i van c th bao gm : My bin p lc, t van, khng lc, thit b
bo v v h thng iu khin.
S thay th c dng nh sau:

S thay th chnh lu thyristor ng c in mt chiu
Khi van dn ta c phng trnh:

Vi :

- Nhn xt:
- u im : H( T-) tc ng nhanh, tn tht nng lng t, kch thc v
trng lng nh, khng gy n v d t ng ha do cc van bn dn c h
s khch ai ln, iu rt thun tin cho vic thit lp cc h thng t
ng iu chnh nhiu vng nng cao cht lng cc c tnh tnh v cc
c tnh ng ca h thng.
- Nhc im: Do cc van bn dn c tnh phi tuyn, dng in p chnh lu
ra c p mch cao, kh nng linh hot v chuyn trng thi lm vic
khng cao, gy tn tht ph v lm su iu kin chuyn mch trn c gp.
SVTH: L XUN TRUNG 11D1CLC
- Khc phc: thit k truyn ng van c gng lm hp vng dng gin on
bng cch ni khng lc ln, tng s ln p mch, ni van m.





















SVTH: L XUN TRUNG 11D1CLC
Chng III
TNH TON MCH NG LC
Vi cc s liu:
- Ngun in li xoay chiu 3 pha: 220V/380V.
- Ti l ng c in mt chiu kch t c lp c:
+ P
m
= 10KW ; U
m
= 220V ; I
m
= 63A; R

= 0,3.
+ H s d tr in p K
u
=1,5 1,8
+ H s d tr dng in K
d
= 1,1 1,4
I. Tnh ton cc thng s cn li c bn ca ng c.
ta c:

= 0,86

=0,145
ta chn

= 0,86 l hiu sut cu ng c in 1 chiu.

II. Tnh ton chn van ng lc.
Van n lc c la chn da vo cc yu t c bn: dng ti, s chn,
iu kin tn nhit, in p lm vic.
1 . tnh ton v chn thyristor.
a. in p ngc ca van.

(1.1)
Vi

thay vo (1.1) lc

c th tnh:

= 230.3 (V).
Trong :

in p ti, ngun xoay chiu, ngc ca van.

U
d
=220,

cc h s in p ngc v in p
ti.
SVTH: L XUN TRUNG 11D1CLC
c th chn van theo in p hp l, in p ngc ca van cn chn phi ln
hn in p lm vic U
lv
qua h s d tr in p K
dtu
= ( 1,5 ta chn :
K
dtu
= 1,8:

= 1,8. 230,3 =414,45 (v).

b. Dng in lm vic ca van.
- Chn dng in qua van.
Vi s cu 3 pha ta c:

= 36,4 (A).
Chn h s d tr dng l

( 1,1 ) ta chn

=1,4

= 1,4 . 36,4 = 50,96 (A).

Van chu c dng in nh mc l:

= 50,96 (A).
Sau khi tnh ton ta phi chn thyristor vi cc thng s: I
dmv
= 50,96 (A),
U
nv
= 414,54 (V).ta chn c 6 thyritor loi : T60N600BOC.
Vi cc thng s:
+ Dng in nh mc ca van :

=60 (A)
+ in p ngc t ln van:

= 600 (V).
+ st p trn van:
+ Dng in r :

25 (mA).
+ Dng in nh cc i :

.
+Dng in xung iu khin:

= 150(mA).
+ in p xung iu khi:

= 1,4 (V).
+ Thi gian chuyn mch ( m v kha) :

+ Nhit lm vic cc i

125 (
0
C ).
SVTH: L XUN TRUNG 11D1CLC
+ Dng duy tr:


+ o hm in p:

= 400( V/s).
2. Tnh ton my bin p( MBA).
T cc thng s c bn :
+ in p trung bnh trn ti: U
d
= 220 (V).
+ Dng lm vic trung bnh trn ti( A- DC) : I
d
= 63( A).
Ta chn my bin p 3 pha hnh tr.
im p pha s cp MBA:
- in p chnh lu khng ti.
Ta c:

= 235 (V).
U
d
= 220 (V).

in p st p trn van.

.St p bn trong my bin p khi c ti. Bao gm cc st p

trn in tr

v st p trn in cm

cc ai lng ny khi chon s b

vo khong ( 5

chn

= 13,2 ( V).

st p trn dy ni:

= 0
- Cng sut biu kin cu my bin p.

= 1,05.

= 12209,3 ( W).

- cng sut biu kin my bin p.

- h s cng sut ca s mach ng lc cu 3 pha iu

khin i xng.
- in p cu dy s cp :


- in p cu cc cun dy th cp.
SVTH: L XUN TRUNG 11D1CLC

= 100,43 ( V).

in p chnh lu khng ti.

H s in p chnh lu mch cu 3 pha iu khin i xng.

+ Vi in p cun s cp : U
1
= 380(V).
+ T s bin p: n =

= 100,6/ 380 = 0,26.

- Dng in ca cun dy:
- Dng in chy trong mi pha cun th cp:

= 63 .

= 51,44 (A)
- Dng in chy trong mi pha cun s cp.:

. n = 51,44 .

(A).

a. Tnh ton s b mch t.
- Tit din s b tr.
Ta c :

= 6.

= 54,13 (cm
2
)

Cng sut my bin p tnh bng W.

- H s ph thuc vo hnh thc lm mt. Ta chon lm mt my bin p

kh

.
m s tr ca my bin ap( v my bin p 3 pha chon m= 3).
f - tn s ngun in xoay chiu. vi li in Vit Nam ta chn f= 50
(H).
- ng knh tr:

= 8,3 ( cm).
Chn ha ng knh tr theo tiu chun: d = 8(cm).( theo bng 41a trang
213 sch thit k my bin p in lc PHAN T TH).
- Chn loi thp 330 cc l thp c dy 0,5mm chn s b mt t cm
trong tr B
T
= 1 T.
- Chn t s m = h/d = 2,3. Suy ra h = 2,3 . d = 18,4 cm
.( thng thng m =2 2,5 ).
SVTH: L XUN TRUNG 11D1CLC
- Chn chiu cao tr h = 18 cm.
- S vng dy ca cun s cp:
W
1
=
0 , 1 . 10 . 1 , 61 . 50 . 44 , 4
380
. . . 44 , 4
4
1

=
B Q f
U
Fe
= 280 ( vng)
Chn W
1
= 280 (vng)
- S vn dy ca cun th cp:

W
2
=W
1
.
U
U
.
1
2
= 280.
380
43 , 100
=72,8 ( vng).
Chn W
2
= 73 (vng).
- Vi f = 50 nn ta chn B= 1T( Tesla).
- Tit din dy dn cun s cp my bin p:
Ban u chn :

( 2 ).

.
- Chn dy dn c tit din hnh ch nht chun ha theo tiu chun cch
in l :

.
- Kch thc ca dy c k n cch in l:

.
- Tnh li mt dng in trong cun s cp:

= 2,76 A/

.
- Tit din dy dn qun th cp my bin p:
Ban u chn :

( 2 ).

.
SVTH: L XUN TRUNG 11D1CLC
- Chn dy dn c tit din hnh ch nht chun ha theo tiu chun cch
in l :

.
- Kch thc ca dy c k n cch in l:

.
- Tnh li mt dng in trong cun s cp:

= 2,722 A/

- Kt cu dy qun qun s cp
Thc hin dy qun kiu ng tm b tr theo chiu dc trc.

- S vng dy trn mt lp ca qun s cp:

= 39,1 (vng)
Ly

= 39 ( vng).
Trong :

H s p cht.
h- Chiu cao tr.


khong cch t gng n cun dy s cp. chn s b

1,5 cm
- S lp dy qun s cp:
2 , 7
39
280
11
1
11
= = =
W
W
n
(lp).
- Chn s lp

= 7 ( lp).
- Nh vy c 280 vng chia thnh 7 lp. mt lp c 40 vng.
- Chiu cao thc t ca cun s cp:

= 18,41 (cm).
- Chn ng qun dy lm bng vt liu cch in c b dy:


- Khong cch t tr ti cum s cp

.
- ng knh trong ca ng cch in:

2

= 9 + 2.1 2. 0,1 = 10,8 (cm).
- ng knh trong ca ca qun s cp:

+ 2

= 10,8 + 2.0,1 = 11 (cm).
- Chn b dy cch in gia cc lp dy cu qun s cp l:
SVTH: L XUN TRUNG 11D1CLC

.
- B dy cun s cp:

= (

).

= ( 1,23 + 0,1).7 = 9,31 (mm).= 0,931(cm).

- ng knh ngoi ca cun s cp:

+ 2

= 11 + 0,931. 2 = 12,862(cm).
- ng knh trung bnh cun s cp:

= 11,931 (cm).
- Chiu di dy qun s cp:

= 11,931 . . 280 =10495,1 (cm) = 104,951 (m).

- Chn b dy cch in gia cun s cp v th cp:

.
- Kt cu dy qun th cp:
- Chn s b chiu cao cun th cp: h
1
= h
2
= 18,41 (cm).
Tnh s b vng dy trn mi lp :

= 19 ( vng).
- Tnh ton s b lp dy qun th cp:

= 3,8 ( lp).
- Chn s lp dy qun th cp:

= 4 (lp).
Vy 73 vng chia thnh 4 lp, 3 lp u mi lp 24 vng, 1 lp sau c 1
vng.
- Chiu cao thc tc ca cun th cp:

(cm).
- ng knh trong ca cun th cp:

1 = 14, 862 (cm).
Vi a
12
: l b dy cch in cc cun dy vi nhau.(vi my bin p c
dng in nh th a
12
thc(0,3 chn = 1mm.)
- Chn b dy cch in gia cc lp dy cun th cp:

- B dy cun th cp:
-

= (

).

= ( 0,224 + 0,01).4 = 0,936 (cm).

- ng knh ngoi ca cun th cp:

+ 2

= 14,628 + 2.0,936 = 16,5 (cm)

SVTH: L XUN TRUNG 11D1CLC
- ng knh trung bnh ca cun th cp:

= 15,653 (cm).
- Chiu di dy qun th cp:

= 15,653. . 73 = 3569(cm) = 35,69 (m).

- ng knh trung bnh cc cun dy:

= 13,75 (cm).

- Chn khong cch gia hai cun th cp:

= 2( cm).
- Tnh kch thc mch t.
V ng knh tr l d = 9 (cm) ta c s bc l 5 trong na tit
din tr.( theo bng 41a trang 213 sch thit k my bin p in lc
PHAN T TH).
- Tnh ton b tit din bc thang ca tr:

56,7(

). ( theo bng 41a trang 213 sch thit k my bin

p in lc PHAN T TH).
- Tit din hiu qu cu tr:

= 56,7 . 0,891 = 55,63( cm

2
).
- Tng chiu dy ca cc bc thang hnh tr:

- S l thp trong cc bc:
+ Bc 1:

+ Bc 2:

+ Bc 3:

+ Bc 4:

SVTH: L XUN TRUNG 11D1CLC

+ Bc 5:

- n gin trong ch to to ta chn gng c tit din hnh ch nht
c cc kch thc sau:
+Chiu dy ca gng bng chiu dy cu tr: b = d
t
=8 (cm).
+Chiu cao ca gng bng chiu rng tp l thp th nht cu tr: a =
8,5 (cm).
+Tit din gng: Q
bg
= a
- Tit din hiu qu ca gng:

.
- S l thp dng trong mt gng:

Tnh chnh xc mt in cm trong tr:
-
-
-
- Mt t cm trong gng:


- Chiu rng ca s:
c = 2(

) +

= 2( 1 +0,931+ 1 + 0,936) + 2
=9,734 (cm).
- Khong cch gia hai tm truc:

- Chiu rng mch t:
L = 2c + 3d = 9,734. 2 + 3. 9 = 44,468 (cm).
- Chiu cao mch t: H = h + 2a = 21 + 2 .8,5 = 38 ( cm).
- Tnh khi lng cu st:
- Th tch ca tr:

- Th tch ca gng:




5388

) ( 099 , 1
10 . 63 , 55 . 280 . 50 . 44 , 4
380
. . . 44 , 4
4
1
1
T
Q f
U
W
B
T
g
= = =

) ( 009 , 1 099 , 1
588 , 60
63 , 55
.
.
T
Q
Q
B B T
g
T
g
= = =
SVTH: L XUN TRUNG 11D1CLC
- Khi lng ca tr:

= 3,541 . 7,85 = 27,797 (kg)
- Khi lng ca tr:

= 3,541 . 7,85 = 27,797 (kg)
- Khi lng ca gng:

- Khi lng cu st:

- Th tch ca ng:

104,951.10. .

+35,69.10.18,9.

)
= 3,573 (dm
3
)
- Khi lng cu ng:

8,9 . 3,573
- Tnh ton cc thng s ca my bin p:
- in tr tng ng cun s cp my bin ap 75
o
C:

. 0,02133 =0, 455().

Trong

).
- in tr tng ng cun s cp my bin ap 75
o
C:

. 0,02133 = 0,04().
Trong

).
- in tr my bin p quy i v th cp:

= 0,04 + 0,455(

= 0,071().
- St p trn in tr my bin p:

SVTH: L XUN TRUNG 11D1CLC
- in khng my bin p quy i v th cp:

) (

) (

0,087().
Trong : +
+ r =

= 7,483 (cm) bn knh trong dy qun th cp.

- in cm my bin p quy i v th cp:

- St p trn in khng my bin p:

- St p trn my bin ap:

- Tng tr ngn mch quy i v th cp:

- Tn hao ngn mch trong my bin ap:

= 3.0,071.

= 564(W).

-






SVTH: L XUN TRUNG 11D1CLC





+ Attomat: dng ng ct mch ng lc, t ng bo v khi qu ti v ngn
mch.
Chn attomat: