Tieu Luan Co Ket Cau

T TR R N NG G H H B B C CH H K KH HO OA A T TP P. .
H HC CM M
K KH HO OA A K K T TH HU U T T X X Y Y D D N NG G
T TI I U U L LU U N N M M N N H H C C
C
C

K
K
T
T
C
C
U
U
N
N
N
N
G
G
C
C
A
A
O
O
GVHD:
HVTH:
MSHV:
L thuyt:
Bi tp:
PGS.TS. Bi Cng Thnh
Trng Thnh Chung
02108721
A-1-7
I-1-3
Thng 12.2008

Trng Thanh Chung GVHD: PGS.TS Bui Cong Thanh
BI
A. L THUYT

1. Tiu chun chy do l g? Thit lp cng thc tiu chun chy do Tresca cho bi
ton tm ch nht chu un. Bin lun.

2. Limit Analysis l g? Pht biu nh l cn trn. p dng cho bi tan tm ch nht
chu un. Th d.

B. BI TON DM

1. Tnh v tr trc trung ha n hi v trc trung ha do ca tit din cho. Suy ra
mmen gii hn n hi, M
e
, v momen chy do M
p
ng vi lc tit din b chy do
hon ton.

2. Phn tch n do bng phng php ma trn cng (hoc PTHH) theo s v
d kin c phn cng.T suy ra h s ti trng gii hn,
gh
.

3. V biu quan h gia h s ti trng - chuyn v ca K (im t ca P) khi
tng t 0 -7
gh
.

4. Tm ti trng gii hn bng phng php t hp c cu.
b
P
q
h
L
2
/2 L
1 1,2 L
1 L
2
/2
t t
p
= 350 MPa, E = 200 Gpa
-1-
Kch thc dm & ti trng ban u Tit din
L
1
(m) L
2
(m) q(kN/m) P
0
(kN) b(mm) t(mm) h(mm)
2 2,5 0,5 5 400 15 750

K

2t

C. BI TON TM CHU UN

Xc nh ti trng gii hn cho cc tm trn hoc vnh khn hoc ch nht chu un
theo s liu c phn cng.
Tm trn ta n trn chu vi chu
ti phn b trn vnh
-2-
D kin hnh hc D kin v tiu chun chy do
a(m) b (m) Tresca Von Mises
1.5 1.0 +

q

q

b b

a

a

L THUYT
1 Tiu chun chy do l g? Thit lp cng thc tiu chun chy do Tresca
cho bi ton tm ch nht chu un. Bin lun.
1.1 Tiu chun chy do
Tiu chun chy do xc nh cc gii hn n hi ca vt liu di tc dng ca
trng thi ng sut. Biu din di dng tng qut:
f(
ij
, k
i
) = 0
trong k
i
l cc hng s ca vt liu.
f= f(
ij
, k
i
) c gi l hm ngng chy do.
i vi cc vt liu chun nh thp, hai tiu chun chy do thng dng l tiu
chun ca Tresca St Venant v tiu chun von Mises.
1.2 Tiu chun chy do Tresca cho tm ch nht chu un
Xt mt n v phn t tm (cc cnh c di bng 1), chiu dy ca tm l e.
Gi thit s phn b cc ng sut
x
, y
, xy
dc theo b dy tm c dng nh hnh
v.
My
Mp
1
-Mp Mp
Mx
xy x y
Trng ng suat gia
nh
Tieu chuan
Tresca
T gi thit phn b ng sut trn, ta suy ra:
-1-
e

+

-

-Mp

e / 2
e
2

e / 2
M
x
=
x
zdz =

x
4

e
2 e / 2
M
y
=

e / 2

e / 2
y
zdz =

y
4

e
2

e / 2
M
xy
=
xy
zdz =

xy
4
Tiu chun Tresca c dng:
max(
1
,
2
, 1
-
2
) =
p
Nhn hai v vi (e
2
/4) ta c tiu chun theo mmen :
max M
1
, M
2
, M
1
M
2

= M
p
2 Limit Analysis l g? Pht biu nh l cn trn. p dng cho bi ton tm
ch nht chu un. Th d.
2.1 Limit Analysis
Limit Analysis l phng php tm trc tip ti trng gii hn ca kt cu m khng
cn tnh ton thng qua cc bc chy do trung gian.
Cc gi thit ca Limit Analysis:
Vt liu c xem nh do l tng ngha l b qua s ti bn v mm ho.
Bin dng ca kt cu c xem l b: cc thay i v hnh hc ca kt cu ti
trng gii hn l khng ng k, v th dng hnh hc ca kt cu xem nh khng i
trong qu trnh bin dng.
nh l cn trn v cn di l hai nh l c bn s l c s cho phng php Limit
Analysis.
2.2 nh l cn trn
H s ti trng gii hn l cc tiu trong s cc h s ti trng
+
tng ng vi cc
trng vn tc chuyn v u&
k
kh d ng.
i
2.3 p dng cho bi ton tm ch nht chu un
Theo gi thuyt Kirchoff- Love ta c:
Chuyn v:
z
w
; v

w
u z
x y
Bin dng:
2
w

u
z
x
x
2
2
w

x
v
z
y
y
2
y
-2-

2
w

u v
2z
xy
y x x y
Nng lng tiu tn trn ton b tm:
W
P

Ddxdy

Trong D l nng lng tiu tn trn mt n v din tch tm, xc nh bi:
e / 2

e/ 2
D dz
x x y y xy xy
2
w&
2
w&
2
w&
t ; ; 2
x y xy
x
2
y
2
x y
& & &
2e
x
,

2e
y
,

2e &
x

Ly o hm theo thi gian:
&
y

&
xy

xy
M
p
D
&
m m m & & &
x x y y xy xy
2e
W
&
P

D
&
dxdy

Bi ton cn trn pht biu di dng:
M
p
x x
min m m m dA & & &
y y xy xy
2e

Pw& dA 1

vi W

E
Trong m
x
, m
y
, m
xy
tha mn tiu chun chy do Tresca.
3 2 2 2 4 4
4J
2 s

27J
3s

36k
T
J
2 s

96k
T
J
2 s

64k
T

0
-3-

BI TON DM
1. Xc nh v tr trc trung ha n hi v do

1.1. Trc trung ho n hi :

Khong cch t trc trung ha n hi n cnh trn ca tit din:
750
400 2 15 30 15 2 750 15
2
y 257mm
thdh
2 750 15 400 2 15 30
Moment qun tnh n hi:
15 750
3
(

750 15 118
2

3
370 30
242
2
2.02 10
3
m
4
I 2 370 20

(

12 12
Sut tit din:
2.02 10
3
I
4.1 10
3
m
3
W
y

max
0.493
Moment gii hn n hi:
4.1 10
3
350000 1434 kNm M W
e p
1.2. Trc trung ho do

Din tch tit din :
33600 mm
2
F 2 h t b 2t 2t 2 750 15 400 2 15 30
Din tch phn cnh ca tit din :
F
400 30 12000 mm
2
16800 mm
2
F b 2t
c
2
Vy trc trung ho do nm di phn cnh ca tit din.
F / 2 F
c

16800 12000
y 2t 30 190 mm
thd
2t 30
-1-

Trng Tha nh Chung GVHD: PGS.TS Bui Cong Tha nh
400
15 15
Moment do:

F | h y
thd
|
33600 | 750 190 |
M Z 350 1646.4 kNm
2

| | p p p
2 2 2
\ . \ .
2. Phn tch n do bng phng php ma trn cng

2.1. Phn tch n hi kt cu
5kN
0.5kN/m
2m 2.5m 2.4m
Chuyn v:
q
T
10
5

Moment do chuyn v nt:
1.333kNm 1.202kNm
0.601kNm
2.313kNm

Moment hiu chnh do ti trn phn t:
0.0651kNm 0.0651kNm 0.0651kNm
Moment tng cng:
-2-
7
5
0

1.137kNm

1.268kNm

0.667kNm

0 0 0 0.6150 0.2207 0.0034 0 0.1785 0 0

y
t
h
d
=
1
9
0

3
0

1.333kNm
1.202kNm
0.601kNm
0.677kNm
2.248kNm

D thy trong s cc h s ti trng, gi tr sau s l nh nht:
1646.4
732.4
3
2.248
Khp do s xut hin ti nt 3.

Kt thc giai on n hi, biu moment ca kt cu nh sau:
976.3kNm
880.3kNm
440.2kNm
488.5kNm
1646.4kNm
2.2. Phn tch kt cu vi khp do nt 3
5kN
0.5kN/m
2m 2.5m 2.4m
Chuyn v:
q
T
10
4

-3-
0 0 0 0.0458 0.1036 0 0 0.0495 0 0

3.697kNm 3.334kNm
1.667kNm
1.849kNm

Moment tng cng:
3.697kNm 3.334kNm
1.667kNm
1.849kNm
H s ti trng:

1646.4 488.5
626.2
1
1.849

1646.4 976.3
181.3
2
3.697

1646.4 880.3
229.8
4
3.334

1646.4 440.2
723.6
5
1.667
H s cc tiu xy ra ti nt 2 vi =181.3

Khp do tip theo hnh thnh ti nt 2. Ngay khi khp do ny hnh thnh, biu
moment ca kt cu nh sau:
-4-
3
.
5
9
9
k
N
m

3
.
2
3
6
k
N
m

0.0977kNm 0.0977kNm

1646.4kNm
1484.8kNm
m
823.7kNm
1646.4kNm

2.3. Phn tch kt cu vi khp do hai v tr nt 2 v 3
5kN
0.5kN/m
2m 2.5m 2.4m
.
Chuyn v:
q
T
10
4

6.934kNm
3.467kNm
Moment tng cng:
6.934kNm
3.467kNm
H s ti trng:
-5-

0.0977kNm

6.836kNm

0 0 0 0 0.2168 0 0 0.1030 0 0

742.4kN

1646.4 1484.8
23.3
4
6.934
1646.4 742.4
260.7
5
3.467
H s cc tiu xy ra ti nt 4 vi =23.3

n y th c cu b ph hy.

2.4. H s ti trng gii hn

gh
=732.4+181.3+23.3=937

3. Biu quan h gia h s ti trng - chuyn v ca K
937.0
913.7
732.4
-6
6.2 10.7 32.4
v (
x
10 )
4. Tm ti trng gii hn bng phng php t hp c cu
5kN
0.5kN/m
S tit din nguy him:
Bc siu tnh ca h:
S c cu c lp:
C cu dm:
s = 5

h = 4

m = s h = 1 c cu.
5kN
0.5kN/m
L
Phng trnh cng sut ni:
-6-

W
I
= -Mp(-) +Mp(2)-Mp(-) = 4Mp.

Phng trnh cng sut ngoi:
| L 1

2q
|
|
.
| L 1 L

2q
|
|
.
P
L

W P 7.031

\

\
E
2 2 2 2 2 2
Phng trnh cng kh d: W
E
=W
I

Suy ra: 4Mp = 7.031
+
= 936.7
y l c cu ph hy duy nht nn s l c cu ph hy thc ca kt cu.

Kt qu ny trng vi kt qu gii bng phng php ma trn cng.
-7-

BI TON TM CHU UN
1 Xc nh cn trn ca ti trng gii hn

Tm trn ta n trn chu vi chu ti
phn b trn vnh
Gi s c cu ph hy c dng nh hnh v:
b b
r
w
o
a a
C cu ph hy
Biu thc vng c dng:
w = w
o
(1 - r/a)
Cng sut ngoi:
-1-
D kin hnh hc D kin v tiu chun chy do
a(m) b (m) Tresca Von Mises
1.5 1.0 +

q

q

b b

a

a

a
}
b
2
a r qw&
W
&
E }}
qrdrd w&
0
r a r dr d
}
0
0
a

b
2
a

b
3
| |
1
2 qa
2

\
vi =b/a
qa
2
1 3
2 3
|
w&

2 w&
0 0
2a
2
6 3a
3
.
3
Vi c cu ph hy nh hnh v th cong theo phng r:
&
r
0
v cong theo phng :
w&
0

9
1 dw

&
r dr ar
Cng sut tiu tn do trn ton tm:
M w&
a
}
2
w&
p 0
W
&

}}
M dA
&
}}
M
0
rdrd dr d
} I p p
ar a
0 0
2 M
p
w&
0

2 M
p
w&
0

T phng trnh cng kh d W
E
= W
I
suy ra cn trn ca ti trng gii hn:
6M
p

q
a
2 2 3
1 3 2
2 Xc nh cn di ca ti trng gii hn
2.1 on 0 r b
Xt phng trnh cn bng ca phn t trn bn knh r theo phng thng ng, suy
ra:
Q 0
Thay vo phng trnh vi phn:
d
(rM )

dR
r

M rQ
d
(rM )

dr
r

M
p

C
M M
r p
r
M
r
phi hu hn ti r=0 nn C=0
Vy M
r
=M
p

2.2 on b r a
Xt phng trnh cn bng ca phn t trn bn knh r theo phng thng ng.
r
2
b
2
2 rQ q
-2-

hay
r
2
b
2
q
rQ
2
Thay vo phng trnh vi phn:
d
(rM )

dR
r

M rQ
r
2
b
2
q
d
(rM ) M
r p
dr 2
qr
2
qb
2
C
M M
r p
6 2 r
Ti r=b th M
r
=M
p
nn:
qb
3

C
3
iu kin bin ti r=a l M
r
=0
qa
2
qb
2
qb
3

0 M
p
6 2 3a
Suy ra cn di ca ti trng gii hn:
6 M
p

q
a
2 2 3
1 3 2
Gi tr cn di v cn trn trng nhau. Vy ti trng gii hn thc l:
6M
p
q 10.29M
p
a
2 2 3
1 3 2
-3-

PHU LUC 1: THIET LAP MA TRA N C NG
VECTOR TAI NU T VA MA TRA N TNH MOMENT
1. Thanh giai oan a n hoi (khong co kh p 2 au)
u
i
, Q
i
u
j
, Q
j
i
, M
i
j
, M
j
j i
x
L
Hnh 1. Phan t dam chu uon
Ma tran o c ng:
12 6L
4L
2

6L
2L
2

12
6L
12
6L
6L (

6L 2L
2
(

EI
(
K
e
L
3
6L
(
12
(
4L
2
(

6L

Vector ta i nu t cho tr ng h p ta i tro ng pha n bo e u q:
Q
i
qL 2

qL
2
12
M
i
`
P
Q
`

qL 2

e

j

M
j

qL
2
12

) )
S co cau tru c: Ma tra n tnh mo men
e

N 0 (

(
4L
2

2L
2

2L
2
(

EI
6L 6L
6L
EI ( S (

4L
2
(

e
L
3

6L
N L
( (

2. Thanh co khp nu t ben phai
Cac ha m dang:
2 3 2
3x x 3x x
N ( x) 1 ; N ( x) x(1 )
1 2
2L
2

2
2L
3
2L
2
2L
3
3x x
N ( x) ; N ( x) 0
3 4
2 3
2L 2L
o th cua ca c ha m dang the hien tren Hnh 2.
-1-

u
i
=1

i
u
j
=1

j
Hnh 2. o th ca c ham dang
o vo ng cu a dam c xa c nh ba ng ca ch chong chat ca c ha m da ng nh sau:

u
i

i
v( x)

N
1
( x) N
2
( x) N
3
( x) N
4
( x)(

u

`

j

j
)
Noi lc mo men uon va lc cat cua dam c suy ra bi cac quan he:
M( x) EIv ( x)
;
Q( x)

EIv ( x)
u
i

d
2

i
M
x
EI

N
1
( x) N
2
( x) N
3
( x) N
4
( x)(

2
u
`
dx

j

j
)
u
i

d
3

i
Q
x
EI

N
1
( x) N
2
( x) N
3
( x) N
4
( x)(

3
u
`
dx

j

j
)
Cho x 0 va x L , chu y e n chieu dng tre n Hnh 1, ta thu c quan he cua ca c
lc nu t Q
i
, M
i
, Q
j
, M
j

va cac chuye n v nu t u
i
,
i
,u
j
, nh sau:

j
Q
i
0(
u
i
3 3L
3L
2

3L
0
3

(

3L

M
i

EI 3L 0
(
i

Q
`
(
u
`

3
L 3 3
0
0
(

j

0

M
j
0(

j
) )
Va y ma tra n c ng cua pha n t co kh p a u ben pha i trong toa o a phng:
-2-

3 3L 3
3L
3
0
0(

3L
(
2

EI 3L 0
(
K
e

0
(
L
3
3 3L
0
(
0(

0

Vector tai nut:
}
{ N( x)}q( x)dx

{ P}
e
{ N( x
P
)}P { N ( x
M
)}M

L

Trng hp tai trong phan bo eu q:
Q
i
0.625qL

M
i 0.125qL
2

P

e
Q
`

`
j

0.375qL

M
j
)
0
)
Ma tra n tnh mo men S co cau tru c:
e
N 0
( (
EI
0

0
0
0 0 (
S EI (
(
e
L
3
3L

3L 3L
2

N L
( (

3. Thanh co khp nu t ben trai
Cac ha m dang:
3
3x x
N ( x) 1 ; N ( x) 0
1 2
2L
3
2L
3 3
3x x x x
N ( x) N ( x) ;
3 4
2L
3
2L
2
2L 2
o th cua ca c ha m dang the hien tren Hnh 3.
u
i
=1

i
u
j
=1

j
Hnh 3. o th ca c ham dang
-3-

Ma tran cng cua phan t co khp au ben trai trong toa o a phng:
3 0
0
0
0
3
0
3
3L
3L (
(

0

0
EI
(
K
e

3L(
L
3

3
(
3L
2
(

3L

Vector ta i nu t cho tr ng h p tai trong phan bo eu q:
Q
i
0.375qL

M
i
0

P

e
Q
`

0.625qL
`

j

0.125ql
2
)

M
j
)
Ma tra n tnh mo men S co cau tru c:
e
N 0
( (
EI 3L
2

0
0
(
(
0

3L
0
3L
0
S EI (

e
L
3

N L
( (

4. Hieu chnh moment
V i dam hai a u kho ng co kh p:
q
L
ql
2
ql
2

12 12
ql
2

24
V i dam co khp a u tra i:
q
L
ql
2

8
-4-

PH LC 2:CODE MATLAB BI TON DM
1. Phn tch kt cu n hi

clc
clear
%%
I=2.02*10^-3;
E=200*10^6;
%% noe=4;
non=noe+1;
nof=non*2;
%% Index Matrix
IMG=Index_Matrix_Global(noe);
%% Stifness Matrix
K_global=zeros(nof,nof);
Length_Matrix=[2 1.25 1.25 2.4];
Type_Matrix=[1 1 1 1];
%%
for ie=1:noe
L=Length_Matrix(1,ie);
type=Type_Matrix(1,ie);
K_element=KOE(type,E,L,I);
[IME]=IMG(ie,:);
for i=1:4
for j=1:4
%
%
%
Number
Number
Number
of
of
of
Element
Node
fredom
% Index Matrix Global
% Index Matrix of Element
K_global(IME(i),IME(j))=K_global(IME(i),IME(j))+K_element(i,j);
end
end
end
%% Vector Load
f=zeros(nof,1);
f(3,1)=-0.3125;
f(4,1)=-0.065104166;
f(5,1)=-5.625;
f(6,1)=0;
f(7,1)=-0.3125;
f(8,1)=0.065104166;
%% Boundary Condition
BC=[1 2 3 7 9 10];
%% Displacement
% Boundary Condition
q=displacement(K_global,f,BC);
%%
%phan tu ie
for ie=1:noe L=Length_Matrix(1,ie);
S_element=SOE(type,E,L,I);
qe=[q(2*ie-1) q(2*ie) q(2*ie+1)
M=S_element*qe;
end
q(2*ie+2)]';
-1-

2. Phn tch kt cu c khp do nt 3

clc
clear
format long
%%
I=2.02*10^-3;
E=200*10^6;
%%
noe=4;
non=noe+1;
nof=non*2;
%% Index Matrix
%% Stifness Matrix
%
%
Number of Node
Number of fredom
Length_Matrix=[2
Type_Matrix=[1 3
%%
for ie=1:noe
noe=4;
1.25 1.25 2.4];
2 1];
% Number of Element
[IME]=IMG(ie,:);
for i=1:4
for j=1:4
end
end
end
%% Vector Load
f=zeros(nof,1);
f(3,1)=-25/64;
f(4,1)=-25/256;
f(5,1)=-5.46875;
f(6,1)=0;
f(7,1)=-25/64;
f(8,1)=25/256;
BC=[1 2 3 6 7 9 10];
%% Displacement
%%
%phan tu ie
qe=[q(2*ie-1) q(2*ie) q(2*ie+1)
M=S_element*qe;
end
q(2*ie+2)]';
-2-

3. Phn tch kt cu c khp do nt 2 v 3

clc
clear
format long
%%
I=2.02*10^-3;
E=200*10^6;
%%
noe=4;
non=noe+1;
nof=non*2;
%% Index Matrix
%% Stifness Matrix
%
%
Number of Node
Number of fredom
Length_Matrix=[2
Type_Matrix=[3 4
%%
for ie=1:noe
noe=4;
1.25 1.25 2.4];
2 1];
% Number of Element
[IME]=IMG(ie,:);
for i=1:4
for j=1:4
end
end
end
%% Vector Load
f=zeros(nof,1);
f(3,1)=-25/64;
f(4,1)=-25/256;
f(5,1)=-5.46875;
f(6,1)=0;
f(7,1)=-25/64;
f(8,1)=25/256;
BC=[1 2 3 4 6 7 9 10];
%% Displacement
%%
%phan tu ie
qe=[q(2*ie-1) q(2*ie) q(2*ie+1)
M=S_element*qe;
end
q(2*ie+2)]';
-3-

4. Cc function

4.1. Function ma trn cng phn t

function [Ke]=KOE(type,E,L,I)
%%
%%
if
Stifness Matrix of
Stifness Matrix of
type==1
Ke=E/L*[12*I/L^2
6*I/L
-12*I/L^2
6*I/L
Element
Elastic Element
6*I/L
4*I
-6*I/L
2*I
-12*I/L^2
-6*I/L
12*I/L^2
-6*I/L
6*I/L
2*I
-6*I/L
4*I ];
elseif type==2
%% Stifness Matrix
Ke=E*I/L^3*[3
0
-3
3*L
elseif type==3
of Plastic Element at the left end
0
0
0
0
-3
0
3
-3*L
3*L
0
-3*L
3*L^2 ];
%% Stifness Matrix of
Ke=E*I/L^3*[3
3*L
-3
0
else
Plastic
3*L
3*L^2
-3*L
0
Element at the Right end
-3
-3*L
3
0
0
0
0
0 ];
%% Stifness Matrix
Ke=zeros(4,4);
end
of Plastic Element at two end
4.2. Function ma trn tnh moment

function [Se]=SOE(type,E,L,I)
%%
%%
if
Stifness Matrix of
Stifness Matrix of
type==1
Se=E*I/L^3*[-6*L
6*L
Element
Elastic
Element
-4*L^2
2*L^2
6*L
-6*L
-2*L^2
4*L^2];
elseif type==2
Se=E*I/L^3*[0
3*L
elseif type==3
Se=E*I/L^3*[-3*L
0
else
Se=zeros(2,4);
end
Plastic
0
0
Element at the left end
0
-3*L
0
3*L^2];
Plastic
-3*L^2
0
Element at the Right end
3*L 0
0 ]; 0
Plastic Element at two end
4.3. Function p iu kin bin v tnh chuyn v nt

function [q]=displacement(K_global,f,BC)
%% Apply Boundary Condition
K_global(:,BC)=0;
K_global(BC,:)=0;
for i=1:size(BC,2)
K_global(BC(i),BC(i))=1;
-4-

end
f(BC,:)=0;
%% Displacement
q=K_global\f;
function [q]=displacement(K_global,f,BC)
%% Apply Boundary Condition
K_global(:,BC)=0;
K_global(BC,:)=0;
for i=1:size(BC,2)
K_global(BC(i),BC(i))=1;
end
f(BC,:)=0;
%% Displacement
q=K_global\f;

4.4. Function thit lp ma trn ch s

function [IndexGlobal]=Index_Matrix_Global(noe)
IndexGlobal=zeros(noe,4);
for ix=1:noe
for iy=1:4
IndexGlobal(ix,iy)=2*ix+iy-2;
end
end
function [IndexGlobal]=Index_Matrix_Global(noe)
IndexGlobal=zeros(noe,4);
for ix=1:noe
for iy=1:4
IndexGlobal(ix,iy)=2*ix+iy-2;
end
end
-5-

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