OSI Model Notes in Roman Urdu

Q. Describe the OSI Model in detail. Q. Describe the function and purpose of OSI Model Layers. Q. How does OSI Model Layers works?

Lecture 1

OSI model ka basic purpose keya ta.kay hum apnay network ko study kur sakay.rigt.jub hum apna data send kurtay hay to hum sub say pehlay data ko tayaar kurte hay,take wo is kabil ho kay network kay opur moo kur sakay.otherwise hamara data move nahe kur sukta proper.bilkul may ap ko daily life say aik example day ta hoon.Sub say pehlay ap jub early in the morning ut tay hein to keya kurtay hein.ye aik process hay jis sa ap guzartay hein.ap apnay kupray seda kurtay hein.is kay bad bathroom jate hay.face wash kurtay hein.tooth brush kurtay hein.wazoo bana tay hein.is kay bad bahur nikul kur nimaaz pur tay hein.phir nashte ke table pur bayt kur nashta kur tay hein.nashta kurnay kay bad ap office jane ke tayare kurtay hein.Gare ke key uta tay hein.ja kur car ka door open kur tay hein.car may bayt kur office jate hein.to mera muksud ap kogo ko samjane ka hay.agur ap ye steps perform na kare.to office is tara ja suktay hein.impossible.ap apnay ap ko tayaar kurtay hein office jane kay leye.ub Agur may is office ke tayare kay poray process ko steps may divide karo to asan ho jaye ga is process ko samujna.right.our hur step ko aik name day do.kay jub may kise step ka name longa.to us may may wo kam perform karonga office ke tayare wala..right.ub bilkul OSI model be istara steps may divide howa hay.kyonkay ye aik complex process hay.is ko asan banaya geya hay. Seven layers may divide keya geya hay osi model ko. wo seven layers ye hein.

1)Application layer

2)presentation layer 3)session layer 4)transport layer 5)network layer 6)datalink layer 7)physical layer

Magur data ke tayare ka amul layer seven yane applicaiton layer say start hota hay.turteeb say asul may physical layer pehle layer hote hay.magur jub hum data ko prepare kurwate hay to wo process application layer say start hota hay.right.umeed hay samuj gaye hongay.

Application layer

sub say pehlay Application layer say start kurtay hein. yaha durmeyan may may kuch concept batana chahonga.jo age baar baar use hongay.to ap logo ko asane rahe ge.right.our un sare concepts ka ultimate goal hay communication kurna right.umeed hay samuj gaye hongay.

protocol,header,software,encapsulation ye chaar chese hain jo age bar bar use hongay.

what is protocol?

protocol ko hum kuch yo define kurtay hein. "same set of rules and regulations for the communication between two different machines on the same layer level" OR protocol is set of instructions.right

Define the software.

software is the actual implementation of protocol software our protocol ko may is tara samjana chahonga.ap nay aik naye care khare de hay instructions yane rules our regulations is tara hay.kay gare ko bayshuk teez chalaye magur ihteyaat burtay. second rules is tara hay.kay gare ko bayshuk ap teez chalaye ap ke murze ap care kare ya na kare.ap ye howa protocol.right.ub gare kay leye driver rukna ap ka kaam hay.driver to zayada availabel hay na ap kay leye.ap jonsa driver murze ruk lay.magur wo un rules ko follow kare ka.driver ke mesaal software hay.right yane ap jo be driver rako gay wo un rules ko lazme follow kare ga.jo us gare kay sat hay.ub ap aik particular protocol ko implement kurnay lay leye jo murze software use kare.yane software zayada available hotay hein kese protocol ko implement kurnay kay leye.so software is the actual implementation of protocol.Tcp protocol ko implement kurnay kay leye ap kay pas software available hein.ub ap us software ko use karengay jo Tcp kay rules our regulations ko follow kare.right.may Microsoft windows use kurta hoon.ye aik option hay meray pass.linux waghera be available hay jo kay software hein.may jub Microsoft window install kurta hoon to us may TCP automatically install hojata

hay.to Microsoft window is the actual implementation of Tcp protocol.right.is tara HTTP aik protocol hay.internet ka.ub is ko implement kurnay kay leye different vendors nay apnay software banaye hay.jo http kay rules our regulation ko follow kare ge.jaisay internet explorer,opera,google chrome,Mozilla firefox waghera.right. umeed hay samuj gay hongay. our software our protocol dono ka ultimate goal jo hay wo hay communication kurwana.right.encapsulation our header ka be yahe kam hay.communication kurwana.

What is Encapsulation?

Encapsulation ka mutlub hay gholaaf chara na. Insertion of the header is called encapsulation and removal of the header is called decapsulaiton. Encapsulation is leye hote hay take communication ho sake.right

Define the Header.

Header contains information ye aik ghoolaaf ke tara hota hay.is may zarore maloomat hote hay kay age keya jaye data kay saat.right.

Now the ultimate goal of above mentioned components are communication.right.

Yaha may ap dosto ko aik mazedaar example batana munasib sumjonga. Ap maray dost hay ap ko bokhaar hay.mayray haat may kuch powder hay.may ap ko kehta hooon kay

lay bay jaan ye powder kaa lay.amoxil hay ap teek ho jayengay.ap jawab may kehtay hein.pata nahe yaaar ap ye muje keya day ra hay hein.shayed poison ho.may nahe kawonga jee.is pur kuch nahe leka kay ye amoxil hay.ub may keya kurta hoon.may is amoxil powder ko encapsulate kurta hoon yane capsule may bund kurta hoon.our ap ko phir kehta hoon lay bay kaa lay amoxil hay.ap teek ho jayengay.ap phir kehtay hay.doost is pur to kuch nahe leka kay ye amoxil hay.may nahe kawonga jee is ko.keya pata is capsule may kuch zehur ho.to again may is capsule pur French may lekta hoon amoxil.jo sirf muje samuj ate hay.ap ko nahe.may kehta hoon phir kay lay bay kaa lay amoxil hay ap teek ho jayengay.ap capsule ko dayk kur phir kahengay.kay muje nahe pata kay ye amoxil capsule hay be ya nahe.our mera ultimate goal ye hay kay ap is capsule ko kaa lay to ap teeek ho jayengay.right. Ub last may is amoxil capsule pur English may write kurta hoon Amoxil.jo kay muje be samuj ate hay our ap ko be.may kehta hoo .lay bay kaa lay amoxil hay.app dayk kur fawrun wo capsule lay layngay.our kaa layngay.kyonkay wo eng muje be samuj ate hay our ap ko be.to asul may wo powder jo ta wo data ta.us ko hum nay communication kay kabil bana nay kay leye pehlay us ko encapsulate keya.us ko header pehnaya.us kay leye rules and regulation define keye.take wo sender say receiver side tuk ponch sake bahifazut.right.to protocol ,header ,encapsulation our software ka janab ultimate goal keya howa?communication kurwana.umeed hay yaha tuk samuj gaye hongay.

Lecuture 2

Aj aik murtaba phir may kuch naye concepts kay saat hazir howa hon jo kay osi model say mutalik hay. Osi model kay bare may hum nay basic para ta.our may nay aik example say wazahut ke te.kay office jane say pehlay ap apnay ap ko tayaaar kurtay hay.is tara bulkul data ko network kay opur move kurnay kay kabil bana nay kay leye data ko tayaar kurwana purta hay.pehlay pehlay data ke tayare ka process hum layer seven jo kay Application layer hay say start karengay.to meray dosto,jub hum internet kay opur data send kurtay hein to data kuch steps say guzur kur receiver kay side pur ponchta hay.yane data seven layers say guzur kur tayaar ho kur receiver side pur ponchta hay.right.Hur layer ka apna aik function hota hay.our network kay opur ap cheenk be mare to protocol

chaheye hota hay.hur layer kay opur protocol kaam kurtay hein.layers bata te hay kay keya kurna hay.our protocols bata tay hay kay un kamo ko kisay kurna hay.right. Ab may Application layer say start kurta hoon. sub say pehlay jub yahoo messenger ke window may Hello may lik kur enter kurtay hay to within seconds ap ka Hello dosray side pur ap kay dost kay screen pur appear ho jata hay.keya howa.ye Hello seven layers say guzur kur ap kay dost kay computer kay screeen pur appear howa hay.right. ap Msoffice may koye cheeze lektay hay to ye ap actually application layer kay opur kaam kur rahay hein.email waghera lektay hay ap to ye ap application layer kay opur kurtay hay ye kaam.application layer aik interface provide kurte hay ap ko userinterface.Application layer ap kay lekay howay data ko trolle attach kurte hay.our aik ghulaaf chara day te hay.yane apna header attach kurte hay.jis may ye leka hota hay kay age is data kay sat keya kurna hay.right. to Application layer kay opur ap different applications run kurtay hay.data ke preparation ka process Application layer say start ho jata hay.to application layer ap kay data ko trolly attach kurte hay take network kay opur ap ka data tayze say move ho sake.right.Application layer ap kay lekay hoye data ko passon kur day ta hay presentation layer ko. ub Presentation layer ka apna kaam hay.ye act kurte hay as a translator kay toor pur.jub ap english lek kur enter kurtay hay to ye to insano ke zoban hay na.computer to is ko nahe samj sukta.compute to binary our hexadecimal ko samuj sukta hay.insano ke zoban decimal our hexadecimal hay. jub kay computer ke zoban binary our hexadecimal hay.right.hexa decimal ko dono use kurtay hein computers be our humabeings be.right.to presentation layer act kurte ha as a translator .presentation layer kay opur different dictionaries kaam kurte hay.ap ka data jo opur say application layer say ara ha hay wo be different types ka ho sukta hay.is tara presentation layers kay opur different dictionaries ke support hote hay.jub ap simple english text write kurtay hay.to us simple eng text ko coputer kay leye kabile samuj bana nay kay leye presentaion layer kay opur dictionary mawjood hay.different encoding schemes kam kurtay hein presentation layer kay opur.Ascii,Ebcdic waghera.ap kay keyboard may hur eng word kay against aik code generate hota hay.right.ap jub Application layer kay opur Hello lek kur enter kurtay hein.to presentation layer kay pass ye Hello ajata hay.presentaiton layer is Hello ko bits may convert kurnay kay leye jo dictionary use kurte hay wo hay Ascii .right.ub suppose ap jo data exchange kurna chah rahay hay network kay opur wo koy songs hay.gana hay.to is gane ko bits may convert kurnay kaye leye presentaion layer kay opur jo dictionary mawjood hay wohay mp3,wav,wma waghera ke dictionaries mawjood hay jo ap kay songs waghera ko computer readable form may convert kurte hay.ye data ke tayare ka process jare hay

is tara ho suktay hay kay koy video files exchange kur wa rahay hoon.movies waghera.us kay leye be presentaion layer kay opur dictionaries mawjood hay.right for example avi,mov,mp4,mpeg,flv waghera jo ap kay videos ko convert kurte hay bits may .right.aik bat yaad rake kay presentaion layer kay opur he data(text,audio,video)bits may convert ho jata hay.right.age phir jo physical layer hay wo sirf data ko physical form day day te hay.right.Presentaiton layer encryption ka kam be kurte hay.encryption ka mutlab kay kay apnay data ka asle shakul ko change kurtay hay.take wo hackers waghera say save ho.right.umeed hay yaha tuk ap logo ko samuj achuka hoga.inshallah osi model ka topic jaare hay baqe next lecture mian.

Lecture 3

urdu inpage may write kurta.magur meray pas time kami ke waja say aisa kurna pur raha hay.phir be may try karonga kay asan zoban may apnay posts ko present karo.right aj hamara topic wahe osi model pur hay.to hum shoro kurtay hein osi model ko.right.may nay apnay last post may kaha ta kay ap jub data ko over the network exchange ya send kurtay hay.to ap ka data different types ka hosukta hay.wo koy pictures ho suktay hein.videos ho suktay hein.audio songs ho suktay hein.simple english text ho sukta hay.to is kay leye presentation layer pur different dictionaries mawjood he jo us data ko binary yane bits may convert kurnay ka kaam kurte hay.images kay lye jo jo dictionary hay wo hay jpeg,png,bmp,Gif waghera.right.to ye ta presentation layer.ub presentation layer say data bits may convert ho chuka hota hay.age us ko dobara bits may convert kurnay ke zarorut nahe.right.presentation layer data ko apne say neche layer session layer ko pass on kur day te hay.right.ub presentaion layer nay jo header attach keya hota hay.yane jo encapsulation ke ho te hay us may ye bata deya jata hay apne say neche layer ko kay keya kurna hay is data kay saat.mean "what to do with the data"

Session layer

presentation layer say data session layer ko handover kur deya jata hay.Session layer ka apna aik kaam hay.ye check kurte hay dosray side kay machine ke availability ko.keya mutlab is ka.kay

internet pur dosray side ka machine available hay.ya wo machine jis say may bat kurna chahta hoon.wo be bat kurna chahte hay muj say ya nahe.ya wo machine on be hay ya nahe.agur ghur say sunay dosray side ka machine avilable hay to is kay bad data ko transport kur deya jata hay.agur dosray side ka machine available nahe hay to ap ka osi model yaha pur khatum hojata hay.ap data ko exchange nahe kur suktay.right.Session layer aik qism ka virtual session establish kurte hay.ap ka browser is ke best example hay.our browser ka jo word hay is ka mutlub hay session establish kurna.right.internet explorer ap ka aik browser hay.ye opur ke theno layers pur kaam kurta hay.right.ap jub kabe apnay browser may koy website lik kur enter kurtay hein.to nechay kuch dekaye day raha hota hay kay establishing session.ya opening webpage.waghera.asul may ye ap ka browser us yahoo waghera kay server kay saat session ko open kurnay ke koshish kurta hay.ap jub session ko close kurna hota hay to done ka lafz ajata hay.webpage ka bottom pur.is tara agur ap downloading kurtay hein.to be ap ka browser session ko establish kurta hay.our jub session khatm ho jata hay.to done leka nazur aja ta hay.right.mera kehnay ka muqsud ye hay kay ap apnay dost ko kehtay hein kay awo yaar session laga tay hein.jub gupshup ho jate hay to ap dost waghera session ko close kur day tay hein.to session layer aik virtual session establish kurte hay servers kay saat.right.ye dosray side kay machine ke availability ko check kurte hay.our ap ka browser is ke best example hay.right.opur ke theen layers pur data kay leye sirf data ka word use keya jata hay.our in theen layers ko aik name application layer be keh suktay hein.waja in kay opur ap apne applications run kurtay hein.session layer be apna header attach kurte hay.us may instructions lik de jate hay apne say nichle layer yane transport layer ko.right.ye ta session layer kay bare may umeed hay samuj aye ho ge.haan aik bat ap loog muje comments kur suktay hein.muje suggesions day suktay hein take may apnay posts ko mazeed improve kur sako.thank you.dont forget to right comments and suggesions for my improvment.

Lecture 4

Osi model ka basic purpose may nay ap ko bataya ta.right.aj hum inshallah next layer Transport layer say start karengay.may ap ko saat ye be bata ta chalo kay opur ke theen layers application,presentation,session layers ko sirf application developers he use kurtay hein.programmers in layers kay opur kaam kurtay hein.jub kay transport,network,datalink and physical layers kay opur network engineers our network architectures kaam kurtay hein.right. programmers jub koy programm develop kurtay hien to actually wo opur ke three layers ko use kur

rahay hotay hein. Acha to aye next layer Transport layer ke taruf.

TRANSPORT LAYER

session layer kay opur hum nay bat ke te kay jub dosray side ka machine available ho bat kurnay kay leye.to is kay bad data ko transport kurdeya jata hay.our transport layer ap ke permanent session creat kurte hay.session layer virtual session creat kurte hay our transport layer permanent session creat kurte hay.right.Transport layer kay bahut say kaam hay.Segmentation hote hay transport layer pur.Tcp our Udp protocols use hotay hein transport layer ka opur.right.portnos use hotay hein is layer kay opur.bay shomar kam kurte hay ye layer.ahum kaam may nay mention kur deye hein.Transport layer kay pass jub data ata hay session layer ke taruf say to transport layer us kay sat apna header attach kurte hay our jo data unit tayar hojata hay hamare pass transport layer kay opur us ko hum segment kehtay hein.right.opur say jo data ata hay transport layer kay pass wo mbs yane bahut bara data ho sukta hay na.to jub data ka size zayada ho to us ke speed slow hoge.right.our chance of error be zayada ho sukta hay na.to transport layer keya kurte hay wo data kay different segments bana te hay take aik to speed zayad ho data ke our dosray agur aik segment may error aye to baqe segment save hooon.right.is ke mesal is tara hay kay ap nay apnay office may files ko aik saat bundle may attach kur kay raka hay.ab agur is bundle ko aag lag gaye to sare files jul jayengay.agur ap files ko alug alug ruktay hein.aik file ko aag lug gaye baqe to save hongay na.for example transport layer kay pass data ageya HELLO to agur ye data as it is age forware keya jaye our is may error ageya to sare hello ko resend kur deya jaye ga.kyonkay is ke segmentation nahe hoye hay.right.ub transport layer is HELLO ko H E L L O may divide kurta hay.ub agur H corrupt ho geya to baqe part save rahe ga.sirf H ko resend kur deya jaye ga.our data ko trnaport kurne ke speed be fast ho jaye ge.right.to transport layer lazme segmentation kurte hay.dosra kaam transport layer kay opur portnos use hotay hein.right.is kay bare may may inshallah aik alug lecture rakonga.wo complete us may discuss karonga inshallah.bus itna bata ta chalo kay por jo hote hay is ke def ye hay.port is a logical connection place.logica opening hote hay ye.jaisa kay ap kay gur ka aik main gate hota hay na jis say ap bahir ke dunya yane gur say bahir ja kay communicate kurtay hein.bilkul ye port be istar he hote hay.pur imaginary hote hay.touch nahe kursuktay ap is ko.hur application apna aik portno use kurta hay communication kaay leye.port two types kay hotay hein. 1)wellknown port nos

2)randomly generated portnos ap jub apnay browser may www yahoo com lik kur enter kurtay hein.to ap actuallay yahoo server ke wellknown port no 80 ko call kurtay hein.our result may ap ka computer aik randomly port generate kurt hay.right.our ap ka computer jo random port generate kare ga so 1023 say opur hoga.right.to insahllah is kay bare baqe next time.filhaal itna kay ap ko basic pata ho.right. to ap jub koy application run kurtay hein application layer kay opur our wo transport layer kay pass ate hay to transport layer us ko aik portno alot kurte hay.take different applications apus may mix na ho.right.bilkul is tara kay ap kay pass gift ara hay hein different people kay leye .our ap us ko aik room may jama kur rahay hein.right.jub ap kay paas loog apnay gift lay nay atay hein.to ap ghulte kur suktay hein aik ke gift dosray ko.yane ult pult gift handover kur suktay hein logo ko.agur ap aisa kare.kay ap ko jo gift ate hay us kay opur ap us bunday ka name lek kur room may jama kurta hein kay ye is bunday ka gift hay.to ap ko koye musla nahe hoga.is tara different application chul rahe hote hay application layer kay opur.transport layer in applications ko differentiate kurta hay aik dosray say portnos ke base pur.umeed hay samuj gaye hongay.Transport layer kay opur 2 protocols use hotay hein Tcp and Udp............................................... .............................................. Tcp stands for Transmission control protocol and Udp stands for user datagram protocol..right Tcp jo hay wo reliable protocol hay Udp jo hay reliable nahe hay Tcp may acknowledgment ate hay Udp may acknow nahe ate

Lecture 5

Acha to last topics may nay OSI model kay bare may para ta.ap ko samuj na aya ho jaha jaha to muj

say poch suktay hay.inshallah may reply karonga.OSI model ka purpose hum nay para ta kay hum apnay network ko study kurtay hein.right.To aj hum mazeed kuch purtay hein OsI layers kay bare may.May ap ko aik bat bata ta chalo kay aj tuk ap nay ye para hay apnay teachers say universities may our academies may kay IP jo hay wo OSI kay network layer kay addresses hay our ye protocol network layer kay opur kaam kurta hay.our TCP our UDP OSI kay transport layer kay opur kam kurtay h ein.halankay aisa nahe hay.aj kul industry TCP/IP ko follow kurte hay.ap ka OSI model side pur hay.yane use nahe hota.right.may ap ko OSI layers kay khatum honay kay baad batawonga kay konsay protocols kis model kay kis layer pur kaam kurtay hein.take ap kay concept apnay asle jaga ajaye.right.To Transport layer kay opur hum may para ta kay ye port no assign kurte hay hur application ko.take applications apus may khult mult na ho.our receiver side pur right application right window may kolay.our Transport layer segmentation ka kaam kurte hay.data kay different segments banatay hein.take error ka chance kum ho.our data kay speed ko baraya jaye.aik our ahum kaam transport layer ka ye hay kay wo "Flow Control" kurte hay.right.Flow control ke def kuch is tara hay. "either to decrease the speed of sender Or to increase the speed of receiver"right.may ap ko sumja ta hoon suppose ap pentium 2 use kurtay hein.our America may bayta ap ka friend pentium 4 use kur raha hay.our ap aik dosray say chatting kur rahay ho.to ap ka dost jo data send kare ga.wo to fast generate ho ga.our bahut tayze say aye ga.jub kay ap kay computer ke speed slow hay.wo us ko itna taiz process nahe kur sukta.to data loss hoga.is ka hul ye hay.kay ya to ap apnay computer ko pentium 4 bana lay jo kay practically possible nahe hay.koon itna khurcha kare ga.ya apnay dost ko kahe kay bay ap apne sending speed zara slow kare .mera computer ka processor slow hay.itna taiz processing nahe kur sukta.right.ye tareka hay.to flow control ka bunyade purpose ap kay data ko waste honay say bacha na.jo kay backend pur khud bahud kaam kurte hay.our ye transport layer ka kaam hota hay.kay wo ye flow control kurte hay.jub ap kay slow compute kay buffer may data jub tuk ap ka compute process nahe kurta.flow control tub tuk ap kay america may baytay hoye dost kay compute ko mazeed data send kurnay say rokta hay.right.jub ap kay computer kay buffer may mawjood data process ho jata hay.our buffer empty ho ja ta hay.to transport layer ka automatic mechnism hay kay wo acknowledgement send kurte hay.kay bay ap mazeed data send kur suktay hein.right.umeed hay samuj ageya ho ga.mashallah.. Network kay hur layer kay opur protocols kaam kurtay hein.layers ye bata tay hien ka keya kurna hay? our protocols ka ka ye kaam hay kay un kaamo ko kisay kurna hay? right.layes tell what to do? and protocols tells how to do the task of any layer? Network layer kay pass jub data ajata hay to wo apna header attach kurte hay.our result may jo data unit tayaar ho jaata hay hamare pass us ko hum Packet kehtay hein.packet ko datagram be kehtay hein.right.our is packet kay undur bahut se zarore zarore information ja ra he hote hay.right.inshallah

may ap ko ip kay header kay bare may be batawonga.to janab network layer kay opur kuch devices kam kurta hein jin ko hum "routers" kehtay hein.Router is a layer 3 device.Network layer logical pathe define kurte hein.kay ap agur aik destination tuk jana chahtay hein.to ap shortes path konsa ikhteyar kursuktay hein.right.Network layer is intelligent layer.aik bat yaad rake.layers may jo jo ap nechay say opur jatay hein.ap ke speed kum hote hay our ap ke intelligence burte hay.our ap jub layers may opur say nechay atay hein.to ap ke speed burte hay our ap ke intelligence kum hote hay.ye aik point note kur lay.our network may hur layer sirf apne peer layer say baat kurte hay.right.network layer kay opur apnay protocols kaam kurtay hein.jin ko hum CLNP and CLNS our jo addresses kaaam kurtay hein OSI model kay network layer kay opur un ko hum NSAP addresses kehtay hein.right.inshallah next lecture may hum mazeed discuss kkarengay.

Lecture 6

TcP/IP model kay protocols our addreses batawonga.ap aksur suntay hein Tcp our UDP protocols kay bare may.ye TCP our UDP jo hay ye TCP/IP model kay transport layer kay protocols hay.ye OSI model kay transport layer kay protocols nahe hay.right.OSI model kay transport layer kay jo protocols hay wo hay.TP0,TP1,TP2,TP3 etc.right.ub Jo IP address hum purtay hein.ye network layer kay addresses hay.pur ye TCP/IP kay network layer kay addresses hein.our ye connectionless hein.OSI model kay network layer kay jo addreses hay wo hay NSAP addresses(Network Services Access Point).right.OSI model kay network layer kay jo protocols hein wo hay CLNS and CLNP.CLNS stands for connnecitonless network service and CLNP stands for connectionless network protocols.jub kay TCP/IP kay network layer ka protocol hay internet protocol IP.right.to ye kuch tips may nay chaha kay apnay dosto ko bata don.take ap kay concepts sahe ho jaye.ap jub koy picture waghera download kurtay hein.to backend kay opur jo protocol kam kurta hay.wo tcp hota hay.our ap jub voice chat kurtay hein.to backend kay opur jo protocol kam kurta hay.wo hay UDP.mashallah.umeed hay ap logo ko samuj a geya hoga.our haan Tcp reliable hay our slow hay.jub kay udp unreliable hay our fast hay.baqe next time inshallah

Lecture 7

.dosto pichlay lectures may hum nay OSI layers kay bare tora bahut para ta.aj phir hamara topic osi layers pur hay.to shoro kurtay hein.hum Aj Network layer say. Network layer jub data kay sat apna header attach kurta hay our as a result jo data unit tayar ho jata hay.us ko hum packet kehtay hein.network layer kay opur intelligent decisions hotay hein.right.aik device hay jo network layer kay opur use hota hay.us ko hum router kehtay hein.router routing protocol ke madud say routing decision kurta hay.kay traffic ko kaha forward karo our kisay forward karo.right.Network layer say data datalink layer ko passon kur deya jata hay.right.data link layer keya kurte hay jub apna aik header our aik trailer attach kurte hay.to jo data unit tayaar ho jata hay .us ko hum frame kehtay hein.frame jo hay wo packet ko encapsulate kurta hay.right.Data link error detection kurte hay sirf.error correciton nahe kurte.right.Data link layer say data physical layer kay opur daal deya jata hay.physical layer kay opur koy protocol nahe hota.kyonkay ye intelligent layer nahe hay.ye sirf data ko actual physical form day day te hay.our data sender side say receiver side ko passon ho jata hay.pysical form ka mutlub hay.kay agur medium copper use ho rahe hay.to physical layer data ko bits ke shakul may carry kurte hay.bits may conversion ka kaam presentation layer kay opur ho chuka hota hay.physical layer koy data ko bits may convert nahe kurte.wo media ko daik te hay.kay ap konsa medium use kur rahay hein.agur medium copper use ho rahe hay.to physical layer data ko bits ke form may carry kurte hay.agur medium fiber use ho rahe hay.to wo data ko light ke sorut may carry kurte hay.our agur medium wireless hay.to wo data ko waves ke sorut may carry kurte hay.right.to ye ta osi model kay bare may kuch.acha aik our bat may ap ko bata do.kay sender side pur encapsulation yane header charane ka amul hota hay. our receiver side pur header utarne yane decapsulation ka umal hota hay.right.Hur layer sirf apne peer layer say bat kurte hay.yane peer ka mutlab hay at the same level.application application say bat kurte hay.presentation dosre taruf ke presentation layer say our is tara carry on.physical layer tuk.right.ye process is tara hota hay.sara.umeed hay kuch na kuch samuj ageya ho ga ap logo ko.