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I VI T MT M TIT(ONE-SYLLABLE WORDS) + Nhng t c mt m tit u c trng m tr nhng t ng php (grammatical words) nh: in, on, at, to, but, so V d: speech, day, school, learn, love II. I VI T HAI M TIT(TWO-SYLLABLE WORDS) 1. Danh t v tnh t + Hu ht cc danh t v tnh t c trng m ri vo m tit th nht.(hu ht thui nh, not all) V d: happy, pretty, beauty, mostly, basic + Vi danh t, nu m tit th 2 khng c nguyn m ngn th trng m chc chn nhn vo n. V d : balloon, design, estate, 2. ng t + Hu ht ng t, trng m thng ri vo m tit th hai. Nht l nu m tit th 2 cha nguyn m di, nguyn m i hoc kt thc vi nhiu hn mt ph m th m tit chc chn nhn trng m. V d: provide, agree, design, excuse, parade, support, complete + Vi ng t c m tit th 2 cha nguyn m ngn v kt thc khng nhiu hn mt ph m th trng m s ri vo m tit th nht. V d: enter, travel, open... + Cc ng t 2 m tit c m tit cui cha ow th trng m cng ri vo m tit u. V d: follow, borrow... III. T BA M TIT TR LN (THREE-OR-MORE SYLLABLE WORDS) +Nhng t c 3 m tit tr ln, trng m thng ri vo m tit th 3 tnh t cui ln. V d: economy, industry, intelligent, specialise, geography Ngoi l: entertain, resurrect, potato, disaster,.. +Nhng t l t vay mn ca ting Php (thng thng tn cng l -ee hoc -eer) th trng m li ri vo m tit cui cng y. V d: engineer, volunteer, employee, absentee Ngoi l: coffe, committee. + Nhng t tn cng bng -ion, -ic(s) khng k c bao nhiu m tit, trng m ri vo m tit trc n. V d: revision, television, profession, promotion, solution, mechanics, economics, elastic, logic, Ngoi l: television, + Nhng t tn cng bng -cy, -ty, -phy, -gy, -al khng k c bao nhiu m tit, trng m ri vo m tit th ba tnh t cui ln. V d: decocracy, reliability, biology, photography, security, political, critical, economical IV. T GHP (NHNG T DO HAI THNH PHN GHP LI) (COMPOUNDS) + Nu t ghp l mt danh t th trng m ri vo thnh phn th nht. V d: penholder, blackbird, greenhouse, boyfriend, answerphone + Nu t ghp l mt tnh t th trng m ri vo thnh phn th hai. V d: bad-tempered, old-fashioned, one-eyed, homesick, well-done

+ Nu t ghp l mt ng t th trng m ri vo thnh phn th hai. v d: understand, overlook, forecast, maltreat, putacross V.QUY TC KHC + Nhng t c hai m tit nhng m tit th nht l mt tin t (prefix) th trng m ri vo m tit th hai. (trong ting anh cnhng cm t ghp vi mt s t th to ra nhng t mi vi ngha c trng ta c th on c m khng cn tra t in gi ltin t, nh: dis-khng, o ngc; ex- trong s, cu; pretrc, vv ) V d:, unwise, prepare, redo, dislike,.. + Nhng t c m tit l ngn th thng khng nhn trng m vo m tit . V d: potato (c 3 m tit nhng m tit u pht m ngn nn nhn trng m vo m th hai), enter (l ng t nhng c m cui pht m l ngn nn nhn vo m u) , + C nhng ph t (thng c thm vo cui t lm bin i t loi ca t) khng lm nh hng n trng m cu: -able, -age, -en, -ful, -ing, -ish, less, -ment, -ous. Lu : Tuy nhin, trong mt s trng hp vn c nhng ngoi l (th mi gi l ting Anh). V vy, khi hc mt t mi, cc bn hy chu kh tra t in xem trng m. Nu thy n khng tun theo cc quy tc mnh va nu th hy c ghi nh nh (trong cc thi rt hay cho cc t !). Nu ai bt thm nhng t bt quy tc khc th b sung cho t nh. Thanks a lot!

* Quy tc ring I: - Nhng t c hai vn tn cng bng -ANT hay -ENT thng c nhn mnh vn u TD: constant, distant, instant, absent, accent(ging c, ni), current - Nhng nh ng t tn cng bng -ENT th thng li c ch m vn th hai TD: to accent(nhn ging), to consent(tha thun), to frequent (nng lui ti), to present Ngai l: Nhng t c hai vn tn cng bng -ENT sau u c nhn ging vn th hai, d l danh t, ng t hay tnh t: event, lament (li than vn), descent (s xung), descend(ngun gc), consent (s ng thun), to lament, to descent, to consent, to content (lm hi lng) * Quy tc ring II: _ NHng t c hai vn tn cng bng ER th c nhn mnh vn u TD: father, mother, flower, to enter, to suffer Ngoi l: Nhng ng t sau y tn cng bng ER nhng li c nhn mnh vn sau: to confer (bn bc, hi ), to prefer, to refer (tham kho, vin n) * Quy tc ring III: _Nhng t c hai vn m vn u l mu t a (hay tip u ng a-) th lun c nhn mnh vn th hai. TD: abed( trn ging), abaft( pha sau), alive(cn sng), alone, about, above, aback, ago, asleep, again, abroad, aside, achieve, abuse, abyss (vc su), afraid, alike... * Quy tc ring IV: _ NHng t tn cng bng ETY, ITY, ION, ICAL, OUS, c ch m vn lin trc tn cng ny TD: gaiety (tnh vui v), piety( lng hiu tho), equality, fertility, dictation (bi chnh t), election, public, civic (thuc cng dn), historic( thuc lch s), historical( c tnh lch s),electrical, famous, nervous... Ngai l: catholic ( tnh cng gio), lunatic(ngi in), arabic, rhetoric( thut hng bin), politics, arithmetic

* Quy tc ring V: _ Nhng t c dng cu to P+ I+ N ( P= ph m: I =mu t I, N=nguyn m) TD: optiian, policticain, impatient, obidient, vegetarian, laborious, industrious, inferir, superior, curious, artifical, melomania( tnh m m nhc), direction, ambition, courageous, erroneous, cutaneous(thuc v da) Ch : Tt c nhng t tn cng bng ION u nm trong quy tc ny

* Quy tc ring IV: Trong nhng t c trn ba vn(bn hoc nm vn), th ch m thng vn th ba t cui m ln TD: familiar, particular, interpreter, geography, goemetry... * Quy tc ring VII: _ Nhng t tn cng bng ATE, nu l t c hai vn, th ch m vn th nht. Nu l t c ba vn v trn ba vn, th ch m vn th ba m t cui ln TD: 1. Ch 2 vn: climate, private, senate(thng ngh vin), nitrate(mui nitrat)... 2. congratulate, originate, communicate, concentrate, regulate... * Quy tc ring VIII: _ Nhng t tn cng bng URE, thng c nhn mnh vn trc tn cng ny TD: creature, feature, fixture, lecture, nature, adventure, pressure... Nhng:literature, temperature, mature, unmature (khng chn chn) * Quy tc ring IX: _ Nhng ch tn cng bng ADE-ESE-EE-EER-OO-OON c

nhn mnh ngay chnh tn cng ny: TD: lemonade, colonnade(hng ct), balustrade (lan can), Vietnamese, Japenese, absentee, refugee, engineer, bamboo, taboo, typhoon(trn bo, cung phong), tycoon, saloon (hi trng), balloon.. * Quy tc ring X: _ Tt c nhng trng t ch th cch (adverb of manner) tn cng bng LY u c ch m theo tnh t gc (radical adjective) ca n. TD: patiently, differently, difficultly, comparatively, continuously

Trng m ca t trong ting Anh


1)Trng m ri vo m tit th nht Hu ht danh t v tnh t c 2 m tit th trng m ri vo m tit th nht. V d: Danh t: PREsent, EXport, CHIna, Table Tnh t: PREsent, SLENder, CLEver, HAPpy i vi ng t nu m tit th 2 cha nguyn m ngn v kt thc khng nhiu hn mt ph m th trng m s ri vo m tit th nht. V d: ENter, TRAvel, Open... Cc ng t c m tit cui cha ow th trng m cng ri vo m tit u. V d: FOllow, BOrrow... Cc ng t 3 m tit c m tit cui cha nguyn m di hoc nguyn m i hoc kt thc nhiu hn mt ph m th m tit u nhn trng m. V d: PAradise, EXercise 2) Trng m vo m tit th hai Hu ht ng t c 2 m tit th trng m ri vo m tit th 2. V d: to preSENT, to exPORT, to deCIDE, to beGIN Nu m tit th 2 cha nguyn m di, nguyn m i hoc kt thc vi nhiu hn mt ph m th m tit nhn trng m. V d: proVIDE, proTEST, aGREE... i vi ng t 3 m tit quy tc s nh sau: Nu m tit cui cha nguyn m ngn hoc kt thc khng nhiu hn mt nguyn m th m tit th 2 s nhn trng m. V d: deTERmine, reMEMber, enCOUNter... 3) Trng m ri vo m th 2 tnh t di ln Nhng t c tn cng bng ic, -sion, tion th trng m ri vo m tit th 2 tnh t di ln V d:

Nhng t c tn cng bng ic: GRAphic, geoGRAphic, geoLOgic... Nhng t c tn cng bng -sion, tion: suggestion, reveLAtion... Ngoi l: TElevision c trng m ri vo m tit th nht. 4) Trng m ri vo m tit th 3 t di ln Cc t tn cng bng ce, -cy, -ty, -phy,gy th trng m u ri vo m tit th 3 t di ln: V d:deMOcracy, dependaBIlity, phoTOgraphy, geOLogy Cc t tn cng bng ical cng c trng m ri vo m tit th 3 tnh t di ln. V d:CRItical, geoLOgical 5) T ghp (t c 2 phn) i vi cc danh t ghp trng m ri vo phn u: BLACKbird, GREENhouse... i vi cc tnh t ghp trng m ri vo phn th 2: badTEMpered, old-FASHioned... i vi cc ng t ghp trng m ri vo phn th 2: to OVERcome, to overFLOW... Lu : 1. Cc ph t khng lm nh hng n trng m cu: -able, -age, al, -en, -ful, -ing, -ish, -less, -ment, -ous. 2. Cc ph t bn thn n nhn trng m cu: -ain(entertain), -ee(refugee,trainee), -ese(Portugese, Japanese), -ique(unique), -ette(cigarette, laundrette), -esque(picturesque), -eer(mountaineer), ality (personality), -oo (bamboo), -oon (balloon), -mental (fundamental) Ngoi l: COffe, comMITtee, ENgine 3. Trong cc t c cc hu t di y, trng m c t m tit ngay trc hu t: -ian (musician), - id (stupid), -ible(possible), ish (foolish), -ive (native), -ous (advantageous), -ial (proverbial, equatorial), -ic (climatic), -ity (ability, tranquility). Samples: Chn t c trng m chnh nhn vo m tit c v tr khc vi nhng t cn li: C bi tp cho cc pc p dng lun! 1. A. study B. reply C. apply D. rely 2. A. deficiency B. deficit C. reference D. deference 3. A. employee B. referee C. committee D.refugee4. A. tenant B.common C. rubbish D.machine 5. A. company B. atmosphere C.customer D. employment6. A. animal B. bacteria C. habitat D.pyramid 7. A. neighbour B.establish C. community D. encourage8. A. investment B. television C. provision D. document 9. A.writer B.teacher C.builder D. career 10. A. decision B. deceive C. decisive D. decimal

p n bi thi mu trong bi Trng m ca t trong ting Anh Chn t c trng m chnh nhn vo m tit c v tr khc vi nhng t cn li: 1. Key: AHint: Theo nguyn tc trn th hu ht ng t c 2 m tit th trng m ri vo m tit th 2. Tuy nhin trong t studym y c pht m l [i] do trng m s ri vo m tit c nguyn m mnh hn l stu. 2. Key: AHint: Cc t tn cng bng ce, -cy th trng m ri vo m tit th 3 t di ln. Do t deficiency (4 m tit) c trng m ri vo m tit th hai t trn xung, cc t cn li u c trng m ri vo m tit u. (Deficit c trng m ri vo m tit u v nguyn m e l mt nguyn m mnh trong khi i l nguyn m yu). 3. Key: CHint: Cc t employee, referee, refugee u l cc t c thm ph t -ee nn trng m ca chng ri vo m tit cha cc ph t ny tc m tit cui. Ring t committee l t nguyn gc nn c trng m nhn khc cc t cn li. 4. Key: DHint: Hu ht danh t v tnh t c 2 m tit th trng m ri vo m tit th nht. Tuy nhin t machine c kt thc bng mt nguyn m (m tit m) nn trng m s ri vo m tit cui. (m tit m bao gi pht m cng di hn, nhiu lc hn). 5. Key: DHint: Employ l mt ng t 2 m tit nn trng m s ri vo m tit th 2 do t employment c trng m tng t v ui ment khng lm nh hng n trng m cu. Cc t company, atmosphere, customer trng m u ri vo m tit u v cc m tit ny u cha nguyn m mnh. 6. Key: AHint: Hu ht danh t c 3 m tit th trng m ri vo m tit th nht tuy nhin xt t bacteria trng m li ri vo m tit th 2 v m tit ny c c l [ti] nguyn m i. 7. Key: AHint: Neighbour l danh t 2 m tit nn trng m ri vo m tit u. Community trng m ri vo m tit th 3 t di ln (tc th 2 t trn xung) v tn cng bng ty. Establish v encourage l 2 ng t 3 m tit c m tit th hai cha nguyn m mnh nn trng m ri vo m tit th 2. 8. Key: DHint: Cc t television v provision c ui ion nn trng m ri vo m tit th 2 t di ln (hay m tit th 2 ca t) . Investment l danh t xut x t ng t invest (trng m ri vo m tit th 2) v ui ment khng c nh hng n trng m ca cu. Document l danh t 3 m tit, m tit cui l m tit yu, m tit th 2 c l [kju] do trng m ri vo m tit th nht. p n ca cu l document. 9. Key: DHint: er l mt m yu do trng m ri vo m tit th nht i vi cc t writer, teacher, builder. i vi tcareer trng m li ri vo m tit th 2 v m tit th 2 c nguyn m i [ti] (Trng m ri vo m tit no c nguyn m mnh v nguyn m i). Bn thn ph t -eer cng nhn trng m. 10. Key: DHint: T decision c ui ion nn trng m ri vo m tit

ng trc n (m th 2 ca t). Cc t deceive,decisive l tnh t c cu to t ng t 2 m tit deceive v decide c trng m ri vo m tit th 2. Decimal kt thc bng ui al nn trng m ri vo m tit th 3 tnh t di ln tc m tit th nht ca t. p n ca cu l decimal. Cch pht m ca cc ph m - TH c 2 cch pht m l // (three) v // (then). Trong mt s t ch tn ngi v tn ni chn TH c pht m l /t/(Thailand, Thomas). - Cc ch SH, S ng u t (shoe, sugar); SH, SS, TI, C ng gia t (fashion, Russia, nation, ocean); SH ng cui t (finish) u c pht m l //. - Cc ch J, G ng u t (jaw, general); G, J ng gia t (page, major); GE, DGE ng cui t (rage, ledge) u c pht m l /d/. - Cc ch CH ng u t (chair); CH, T ng gia t (teacher), (future); TCH ng cui t (watch) u c pht m l /t/. - Thng thng H c pht m l /h/ (hill) tuy nhin cng c ngoi l l WH (who) cng c pht m l /h/ v H khng c pht m (m cm) trong mt s t: hour, honour, honest... - W (will), WH (when) thng c pht m l /w/. Mt s trng hp him l O trong one, once cng c pht m l /w/. Ch QU thng c pht m thnh /kw/ (quite). - Cc ch Y, U, E, I c pht m thnh /j/ trong cc t sau: you, cute, few, view. - Cc ch G, GG thng c pht m l /g/ (go, bigger). i khi cc ch GH, GU cng c pht m l /g/ (ghost, guest). Gl m cm trong cc t sign, foreign. - Cc ch C, K ng u t (can, king); CC, CK ng gia t (soccer, locker); K, CK, C, CH ng cui t (milk, black,comic, ache) u c pht m l /k/. Ch rng QU c pht m l /kw/ (quick), X c pht m l /ks/ (six). Mt s t bt u bng K nhng khi pht m th K bin thnh m cm (know, knife). - Cc ch F (fall), FF (offer), PH (photo), GH (laugh) thng c pht m l /f/. - Hu ht V c pht m l /v/ (never) tuy nhin i khi F cng c pht m l /v/ (of). - Hu ht P, PP c pht m l /p/ (open, apple) nhng trong psychology P l m cm. - Cc ch S (sad), SS (class), C (place) thng c pht m l /s/. i khi SC (science) cng c pht m nh trn. Pht m ui ed - ED c pht m l /t/ sau cc m v thanh nh p, k. Example: walked, booked... - ED c pht m l /d/ sau cc m hu thanh nh w, n, ng... Example: showed, burned...

- ED c pht m l /id/ sau cc m nh t, d Examples: bedded, wanted...

/id/: t, d /t/:ch, gh, s, ss, sh, k, p, f(ch g sa xn xao khp ph phng) ^^ /d/:cn li
Pht m ui s nhiu - ui s nhiu ca danh t, ng t chia ngi th 3 s t c pht m l /s/ khi t kt thc bng cc m v thanh nh p,t, k... Examples: books, looks... - ui s nhiu ca danh t, ng t chia ngi th 3 s t c pht m l /z/ khi t kt thc bng cc m hu thanh nhn, m, ng... Examples: learns, tools... - ui s nhiu ca danh t, ng t chia ngi th 3 s t c pht m l /iz/ khi t kt thc bng s, x. Examples:boxes,bosses... Samples: Chn t m phn gch chn c cch pht m khc vi nhng t cn li 1. A. decided B. needed C. wanted D. succeeded 2. A. car B. carriage C. corn D. city 3. A. success B. song C. sugar D. soup 4. A. churches B. chairman C. chemist D. changes 5. A. rough B. tough C. cough D. though 6. A. promise B. devise C. surprise D. realise 7. A. leaf B.deaf C. of D. wife 8. A. go B.large C.angry D. give 9. A. thus B.thick C. think D. thin 10. A. home B.hour C. horn D. high p n bi thi mu trong bi hc Cch pht m ca cc ph m Chn t m phn gch chn c cch pht m khc vi nhng t cn li 1. Key: A Gii thch: Cc t need, want v succeed u tn cng bng t v d nn khi thm ed cc m cui c pht m l[id]. Ring decide c m cui l nguyn m e (hu thanh) nn ui ed c pht m l [t]. 2. Key: D Gii thch: Hu ht C ng u t c pht m l [k] tuy nhin trong city n c pht m l [s]. 3. Key: C Gii thch: S thng c pht m l [s] tuy nhin trong sugar S c pht m l [] 4. Key: C Gii thch: Hu ht CH ng u t u c pht m l [t] tuy nhin trong t chemist th CH li c pht m thnh [k]. 5. Key: D Gii thch: Hu ht GH c pht m l [f] tuy nhin trong though GH l m cm. 6. Key: A Gii thch: Hu ht ui se c pht m l [z] nhng trong promise n c pht m l [s].

7. Key: C Gii thch: Hu ht F c pht m l [f] tuy nhin n li c pht m l [v] trong t of. 8. Key: A Gii thch: G ng u t, gia t c pht m l [g], GE ng cui t c pht m l [d] 9. Key: A Gii thch: Trong cc t thick, think, thin TH c pht m l [], trong thus TH c pht m l []. 10. Key: B Gii thch: Hu ht H c pht m l [h] nhng trong mt s t nh hour, honest, honor, heir H l m cm. Cch pht m ca cc nguyn m Trong thi i hc cc pac hay gp dng cu hi: Chn t m phn gch chn c cch pht m khc vi nhng t cn li: A. heat B. seat C. great D. meat. Phn gch chn l cc nguyn m n a, o, u, e, i v y hoc s kt hp khc nhau ca chng. Vy ti sao ea trong seat, meat, heat li c khc ea trong great. Mt s kinh nghim v lu di y s gip cc pac tho g dng bi ny - Hu ht cc ch c vit di dng ee (meet), ea (meat), ee (scene) u c pht m thnh /i:/. Trng hp e (me), ie(piece) cng c pht m nh trn nhng khng nhiu. - Ch e (men) hay ea (death), ie (friend), a (many), ai (said) c pht m l /e/. - Hu ht cc ch c vit l ar, al th c pht m l /a:/. Ch a trong ask, path, aunt cng c pht m l /a:/. Cc ch vit l ear, ere, are, air, th c pht m l /e/ (ngoi heart c pht m l /ha: t/). - Cc ch c vit l ae (mate) ay (say), ey (grey), ei (eight), ai (wait), ea (great) th khi pht m s l /ei/. - Cc ch c vit l a th pht m s l // (Tr trng hp sau a c r sau r khng phi l mt nguyn m). Tuy nhin cha trong ask, path, aunt li c pht m l /a:/. - Hu ht cc ch c vit l i-e (smile), ie (die), y (cry) c pht m l [ai]. Mt s ch vit l igh (high), uy (buy) cng c pht m ging nh trn nhng khng nhiu. Ring cc t fridge, city, friend li khng c pht m l /ai/. - Hu ht cc ch c vit l i (win) c pht m l /i/, i khi y cng c pht m nh trn (Tr trng hp sau i c r sau rkhng phi l mt nguyn m). - Hu ht cc ch c vit l er hoc nguyn m trong cc m tit khng c trng m th c pht m thnh //: teacher,owner... - Ch u trong ting Anh c 3 cch pht m: Pht m l /u:/ (u di) khi ng sau /j/ (June); pht m l // hoc // trong cc cch vit khc

nh full, sun. Khi t c 2 ch oo vit cnh nhau th hu ht s c pht m thnh /u:/ tr cc trng hp m cui l k: book, look, cook... - Cc ch ci c pht m l /:/ thuc cc trng hp sau: ir (bird), er (her), ur (hurt). Ngoi ra cn c cc trng hp ngoi l or (word), ear (heard) - Cc ch ci c pht m l/:/ thuc cc trng hp sau: or (form, norm). Cc trng hp ngoi l khc: a (call), ar (war),au (cause), aw (saw), al (walk), augh (taught), o ugh (thought), four (four). - Cc ch ci c vit l oy, oi s c pht m l //. V d: boy, coin... - Cc ch ci c vit l ow, ou thng c pht m l // hay /a/, tuy nhin chng cng cn c nhiu bin th pht m khc na. Samples: Chn t m phn gch chn c cch pht m khc vi nhng t cn li

C bi tp cho cc pc p dng lun!1. A. heat B.


seat C. great D. meat 2. A. book B. floor C. cook D. hook 3. A. circle B. brick C. fit D. fish 4. A. table B. lady C. captain D. labour 5. A. loudly B. without C. thousand D. thought 6. A. size B. grey C. life D.eye 7. A. so B. show C.who D. thoughn 8. A. name B. flame C. man D. fame 9. A. earn B. third C. where D. dirty 10. A. bed B. get C. decide D. setting

Key y
p n bi thi mu trong bi hc Cch pht m ca cc nguyn m 1. Key: C Hint: Hu ht ea u c pht m l [i:] tuy nhin great l mt trng hp ngoi l khi ea c pht m l [ei]. 2. Key: B Hint: Hu ht oo u c pht m thnh m [] tr trng hp l nhng t c k ng cui. Khi t kt thc bngk th oo c pht m l []. p n ca cu trn l floor. 3. Key: A Hint: Hu ht cc t c vit l i c pht m l tuy nhin ir li c pht m thnh [:]. 4. Key: C Hint: A c pht m l [ei] hoc []. Trong cc t table, lady, labour th a c pht m l [ei] trong khi n c pht m l [] trong captain. 5. Key: D Hint: Cc ch ci c vit l ou thng c pht m l [au] tuy nhin ough li c pht m thnh [:]. 6. Key: B Hint: Hu ht cc t c vit l i-e (smile), ie (die), y (cry) c pht m l [ai]. Cc t c vit l ae (mate) ay(say), ey (grey), ei (eight), ai (wait), ea (great) th khi pht

m s l [ei]. 7. Key: C Hint: Phn gch chn trong cc t so, show, though u c pht m l [ou], ring trong t who li c pht m thnh [u:] .8. Key: C Hint: Nguyn m a trong cc t name, flame, fame u c c l [ei], trong t man li c c l []. 9. Key: C Hint: Phn gch chn trong cc t earn, third, dirty c pht m l [:], trong where n li c pht m l [e]. 10. Key: C Hint: E c pht m l [e] trong cc t bed, get, setting. Trong decide e c pht m l .

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