Acids and Bases

Target: To distinguish between an acid and a base Key Terms: Acid OH- ions pH scale Buffer Base Neutral H+ ions

Task: Working with a partner, you have two days to complete all five stations. The stations can be completed in any order. There are more specific instructions at each station. Station 1: The pH Scale Station 2: Brainpops Acids and Bases video and quiz http://www.brainpop.com. *There is a Spanish version of the video http://es.brainpop.com. Station 3: Can Lake Life Remain Despite Acid Rain? Station 4: Quias The pH scale www.quia.com/rd/1975.html. Station 5: Acids, Bases, and pH p. 85, 86 in your textbook

Station 5: Acids, Bases, and pH

Examine the diagram below and pages 85 and 96 in your textbook to answer the following questions.

1. The pH scale is ___________. 2. The higher the number is, the more ___________ the solution. 3. The lower the number is, the more ____________ the solution. 4. A pH of _____________ is neutral. 5. A neutral solution has equal amounts of ________ and ________ ions. 6. An acidic solution has more ________ ions than _________ ions. 7. A basic solution has more ________ ions than _________ ions. 8. A __________ helps a solution resist changes in pH.

Word Bank: H+, OH-, buffer, 7, H+, acidic, OH-, basic, H+, 1 to 14, OH-

Station 4: Quias The pH scale

Using www.quia.com/rd/1975.html, put the list in order by entering the numbers 1 through 14 in the fields provided. Do not record your answers on the worksheet until you know that they are correct. Vinegar Tomatoes Pure Water Household Ammonia Baking Soda Coffee Lemon Juice Stomach Fluids Rolaids, Tums Bleach Lye Blood Milk Borax

Station 3: Can Lake Life Remain Despite Acid Rain?

Question: Why does acid rain harm some lakes more than others? Background: Acid rain is caused by chemical pollutants in the air. These chemical pollutants are mainly sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides formed when coal and other fossil fuels are burned in factories and cars. When sulfur oxide and nitrogen oxide dissolve in water, they form sulfuric acid and nitric acid. Rainwater in unpolluted areas has a pH of 5.5. Rainwater with a pH of lower than 5.5 is considered acid rain. When acid rain falls and collects in lake environments, it can change the pH of the lake water. This impacts the plants and animals that live in the lake. Activity: The Adirondack lakes located in the Adirondack Mountains of New York. People that use the lakes have noticed than some of the lakes have less plants and animals compared to other lakes. Compare the following lakes: Brant Lake, Big Moose Lake, and Blue Mountain Lake in Data Table 1 and answer the following questions. Characteristic Size Elevation Water Color pH Algae growth Phosphorus levels Nitrogen levels Brant Lake 5.7 km2 243 m Clear 7.6 Moderate Low Low Big Moose Lake 5.2 km2 556 m Brown 5.5 Low Low Moderate to high Blue Mountain Lake 5.5 km2 545 m Clear 7.2 Low Low moderate

Questions: 1. What are four characteristics Big Moose Lake and Blue Mountain Lake

have in common?

2. What are four characteristics Brant Lake and Blue Mountain Lake have in common?

3. Algae typically grows in high nitrogen levels. Although Big Moose Lake has moderate to high nitrogen levels, it has low algae growth. Make a hypothesis to explain low algae growth in Big Moose Lake.

4. When water pH is low, the decomposition rates (breakdown of plant and animal debris) slow down. Explain how the low pH of Big Moose Lake could affect its appearance. Organism pH 6.5 Trout Bass Perch Frogs Salamanders Clams Crayfish Snails Mayflies
Source: EPA, Acid Rain Program

pH 6.0

pH 5.5

pH 5.0

pH 4.5

pH 4.0

5. Which animal is the most sensitive to acid rain?

6. Which animal is the least sensitive to acid rain?

7. Based on this information, which animals would you find in Brant Lake, but not in Big Moose Lake?

Station 2: Brainpops Acids and Bases video and quiz Log into http://www.brainpop.com. Click on science and then on acids and bases. Watch the video and then answer the quiz questions. *There is a Spanish version of the video http://es.brainpop.com. Follow the same directions as above. 1. What are two characteristics of acids? 2. What are two examples of acids? 3. What type of ions do acids produce when they are dissolved in water? 4. What are two things that acids can do? 5. What does the pH in the pH scale stand for? 6. Solutions with a pH of 6 or lower are considered ___________. 7. What is an example of something that is pH neutral? 8. What type of ions do bases produce when they are dissolved in water? 9. What are two examples of bases? 10. What are two characteristics of bases?

When you are done watching the video, click on Take a Pop Quiz. Select the review quiz option.

Station 1: The pH Scale

You must be wearing goggles at all times at this station!!!!!!!

Part I: Background Information Uses pg. 85 and 86 in your textbook to answer the following questions. 1. What is the pH scale and what does it measure? 2. How does a substance become acidic or basic (HINT: think ions)?

Part II: Data Collection Predict the pH value of the following substances. Then use the litmus paper indicators, determine the actual pH of each substance. Substance Predicted pH value Actual pH value Acidic, Basic, or Neutral?

Part III: Data Analysis 1. What types of products had a high pH?

2. What types of products had a low pH?

3. In order, list the acidic substances (pH 1 to 6) from highest H + ions to lowest H+ ions.

4. In order, list the basic substances (pH 8 to 14) highest OH- ions to lowest OH- ions.

5. What substances were neutral and what makes the substances neutral (HINT: Think ions)?

6. Based on the known pH values for the substances that you test, predict if the following substances are acidic, basic, or neutral. Circle one for each substance: Stomach Acid acidic Saliva acidic Human blood acidic Acid rain acidic Sulfuric acid acidic Lysol (ammonia) acidic basic basic basic basic basic basic neutral neutral neutral neutral neutral neutral