TRNG I HC BCH KHOA H NI

VIN CNG NGH THNG TIN V TRUYN THNG

BI TP LN
ti :

T Hi u v ti thi u .
Gi g vi hng dn: Sinh vin thc hin:

ng

h ph g

PGS.TS Nguyn Linh Giang Ninh Th H g Tru g Th h Ph g Nguyn Hoi Linh 20081323 20083674 20081534

Mn hc : M phng cc h thng truyn thng

H ni 11/2012

MC LC
I. Tng quan v b l 1. Gii thiu b l 2. Nguy i i r..2 r...2 i r.4

n ca b l i

3. V xy dng b l

r9

II. ng dng b lc Wiener trong x l h...11 1. Tng quan v khi phc h...11 2. ng s xung cp.12 3. B lc Wiener v khi phc h14 4. Thit k b l FIR III. M phng th nghi i i r21 r Fi t r.27

1. Gii thiu Mat a .27 2. Tin hnh th nghi ..28 KT LUN.38 Ti Liu Tham Kho39

Bi tp ln M phng cc h thng truyn thng

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I. Tng quan v b lc Wiener:

1. Gii thiu b lc Wiener: B lc wiener l b lc ni ting trong th gii ca cc loi tn hiu. B lc weiner l b l c Norbert Wiener (ng l nh ton hc ni ting trn c phng din ton hc thun ty v ton hc ng dng, c coi l cha ca ngnh iu khin hc, l ngi i tin phong trong nghin cu v qu trnh ngu nhin v qu trnh nhi u) xut trong nh g 1949. B lc wie r c dng cho rt nhiu m h v vai tr qua trng trong nhiu ng d g h ng knh, d o tuyn tnh, hy b ting vang, gim 1940 v c cng b vo

ting n, knh d ton, phc hi tn hiu . B lc weiner da trn phng php thng k gim nhi u trong tn hiu hin ti bng cch so snh n vi mt tn hiu c tnh mong mun khng c nhi u Cng lc vi thi i m m Wiener xy dng b lc c nghin cu ng thi ca Kolmogorov v cng b vo 1941. Do thuyt ny th g c gi l l ogorov

thuyt lc Wiener Kolmogorov mang tn c hai tc gi. Wiener-Ko

thit k mch l u ti v sau c nhiu nh khoa hc khc pht tri n tip tro g c b lc Kalman ni ting.

Bi tp ln M phng cc h thng truyn thng

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2. Nguyn l c bn ca b lc Wiener: B lc Wiener l mt b lc thch nghi (adaptive filter) tc l cc gi tr h s ca b l thay i theo thi gia tnh ca tn hiu u vo. Trc ht ta nh n thut ton Wie r Fi t r ( F) y thut ton xuyn sut t g xy dng b lc Wiener. Ngun g n ca thut ton WF l to ra g c thc thng l phn ng vi nh g thay i tro g c

tn hiu sch kh g hay t hiu bng cch nn nhiu. hin bng cch h thp sai s h ph g tru g

h (M a Squar Error) gia tn

hiu mong mun v tn hiu g. Mt b lc Wiener c th l mt trong hai loi IIR hoc FIR IIRWiener l b l p ng xung v hn bao g FIR Wiener l b l p ng xung hu hn bao g ph g tr h phi tuyn. ph g tr h tuyn tnh

B lc Wie r th g c gn vi cc cng trnh xy dng b l FIR. iu ny l bi v cc h s b lc Wie r thay i theo thi gian, v b lc IIR c th tr nn khng nh cho cc gi tr h s nht h. g h iu khng n

h y h g ta thng xy dng cc b lc thch nghi vi cu trc FIR.

Bi tp ln M phng cc h thng truyn thng

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Vic thit k cc b lc Wiener c nhiu cch tip cn khc nhau. Gi thit phi c kin thc v cc tnh cht quang ph ca tn hiu a u v nhiu, v mt tm kim thi gian lc tuyn tnh bt bi u cng tt. B l i u ra n cng gn vi tn hiu ban

r tr g i sau:

1. Gi thit: tn hiu v nhiu (nhiu cng) ca qu trnh ngu nhin t h tuyn tnh vi ph tr g hoc t t g qua v t g qua cho bit. 2. Yu cu: cc b lc phi c th thc hin vt l / quan h nhn qu (yu cu ny c th c b qua, d n mt gii php khng quan h nhn qu) 3. Hiu sut tiu chun: ti thi u ha sai s Mean Square Error) h ph g tru g h (Minimum

Vn thit lp b lc Wiener (gi s vi trng hp l tn hiu lin tc): Gi s ta u vo ca b lc Wiener l mt tn hiu s(t), b sai lch bi nhiu cng n(t) th u ra sau: ( ) Tro g : ( ) [ ( ) ( )] ng ca b lc ( ) sau khi c lc g(t) l tch chp

Bi tp ln M phng cc h thng truyn thng

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( ) l tn hiu a u ( ) l nhiu cng ( ) l tn hiu ng ( mong mun bng gi tr ( ( ) p ng xung ca b lc Wiener ))

Li h gha : ( ) Tro g : tr ca b lc Wie r ( khi trng hp xt l nhn qu) ( ) ( )

y g thc tng qut xp x gia ( ) v ( ) hay ni cch khc li l sai s gia tn hiu c tnh v tn hiu tht b trt i . B h ph g a li: ( ) Tro g : ( ) l mong mu u ra ca b lc ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

( ) l li khc nhau m ta c th a ra v h sau:

Da vo cc gi tr

Bi tp ln M phng cc h thng truyn thng

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 Nu

th l d o (pr di tio ) (tc l li c gim khi ( ) t g

t 1 gi tr sau ny s). Nu th a g c (filtering) (tc l li c gim khi ( ) t g t

vi gi tr ( )). Nu th l lm mn (smoothing) (tc l li c gim khi ( ) t g

t vi 1 gi tr tr a s). Vit gii chp ca ( ):

( )

( )[ (

)]

Ly gi tr k vng ca ( ) ( )

h ph g i:
[ ]

( )

)
[

( ) ( )

Tro g : ( ) ( ) ( ) l tn hiu qua st c a ( ) a ( ) ho a ( ) v ( )

l hm t t g qua l hm t t g qua h t g qua

Bi tp ln M phng cc h thng truyn thng

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Nu tn hiu ( ) v nhiu ( ) kh g t g qua (t th gha :

t g qua

l 0)

Trn nhiu ng dng th gi nh nhiu v tn hiu kh g t g qua hp l. Mc tiu ca chng ta l ti thi u ( ht h ) gi tr k vng ca bnh ph g i, bng

p ng xung ca b lc Wiener ( ) ti u. ) c th thc hin bng vi t h to o hm bc nht ca n

Vic ti thi u (

theo mt gi tr ( )

( )(

( )

) ( ) v d n

ti thi u th hm bn trong phi loi b nhau vi mi gi tr ph g tr h wiener hopf ( ) ( ) ( )

Bi tp ln M phng cc h thng truyn thng

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y phng trnh c bn ca l thuyt Wiener, cng thc bn phi gi g h l mt gii chp h g k thut Wiener Hopf. 3. Vn xy dng b lc Wiener: Tip theo ta s xt mt s v ca b lc Wie r trc khi chuy n sang mt ng dng c th ca b lc ny. B lc Weiner s c gii php tr trng hp c th : in ch l t 0 + . Ph g tr h y th gii bng

B lc khng nhn qu chp nh c (a noncausal filter is acceptable): yu cu mt s ng v hn ca c d liu qu kh v t g ai. ( ) ( ) ( ) h ph g ti thi u ph g tr h: ( ) ( ) ngh h o ca ( ).

( ) ti u th gha ( ) ( )

v cc gii php ( ) hai

t i i Lap a

Bi tp ln M phng cc h thng truyn thng

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 B lc nhn qu k v g c (a causal filter is desired) s dng mt s ng v hn cc d liu qu kh. ( ) ( ) ( )

B l p ng xung hu hn (FIR) s dng mt s ng hu hn cc d liu qu kh. Trng hp u tin c th l gii php gi ph hp vi h thng thi gian thc. Kh g nhng h nhn qu v p ng xung hu hn. Tr y ph h ph g tr h h t hi u v l thuyt Wiener, b lc Wie r g h g v ch n khng b lc gii quyt tt h

a b lc (tham kho thm ti: Wiener, Norbert

(1949). Extrapolation, Interpolation, and Smoothing of Stationary Time Series. New York: Wiley), sau y phn th 2 ca bo co v tm hi u ng dng ca b lc Wie r h hn mt trong nhng ng dng in hnh ca b lc

Wiener l x l nh (lc nh).

Bi tp ln M phng cc h thng truyn thng

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II. ng dng b lc Wiener trong x l nh

1. Tng quan v khi phc nh Khi ph h p ti k thut oi hay ti thi u ho h h g a i tr g goi hay h th g thu h guy ra pht hi v u tr h h h t

thu h . C hiu h g do a

h gy i d g h: do hiu a kh quy

hiu gu hi

v...v. Khi ph h ao gi guy i d g

hiu qu tr h h: h kh hiu h

th khi ph d g.

i h g gi g h g tu th o

h gy ra i

Mt h khi phc nh

S a h h ph hi h ph thu vo oi h h xu g p hay khi ph h h gi x h h h to h a qu tr h gy ra i d g. C thut to gi ho h. C

hiu g gu hi kh vi thut to

oi h h xu g p ta s xt hiu g gu hi hiu ti .

ho v hiu ph thu t

h hiu h . Nh g oi h h xu g p y th g xy ra tro g th

Bi tp ln M phng cc h thng truyn thng

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K thut

ta s d g vi

iener l k thut lc tuyn tnh.

2. c lng s xung cp C hai h tip th g ti v s xu g p. C th ht thu thp ra v g g xp x g ph g sut ho g trong cc c trong

th g ti t h h h xu g p. Nu ta th t g u tro g h h h g h u tri th

th

t x sut ca nhiu nn ngu nhin t s t g gi

vng c n g u. Mt v d kh

h khi nh b nho nu ta t

h xung cp mt vng m tn hiu g it, th c th ng hm nhe ( ) K hiu t hiu h gc mt v g c bit ca nh l ( ( ) th quan h g g gia )v nh b ( ) v

xung cp tro g v g ( )l: ( Theo gi thit ( ( ) t (1). ) v (

)=

(1) g c

) u it, nn c th

Cch th hai l nghin cu h gy ra s xung cp. V d, xt mt h t g t ( ) ho i s d h huy ph g a y h y h huy hp. Gi thit g ta th

kh g s xu g p o kh i u di nh b xung cp (

goi tr ho v ) l:

Bi tp ln M phng cc h thng truyn thng

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( Tro g thi i

) ( ) v

( )

( ))

(2) )

( ) l s tnh ti th o ph g ga g v dc ca ( hp. Tro g i i i Fouri r:

t v T thi gia

( )

( )) ]

(3) Tro g ( : ( Tro g : ( ) ng c th x h (5) t php nhn chp ) = ( ) ( ) (4) ) l hm bi i Fourier ca ( ) ng (3) ta h

T (4), thy rng nhe v chuy ( ) v i (

), m bi i Fourier l (

) tnh theo cng thc (5).

Bi tp ln M phng cc h thng truyn thng

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3. B lc Wiener v vn khi phc nh Lc Wiener l k thut lc tuy t h khi phc nh gc t h xung cp do b nhiu ph hy. nh sau khi qua mt p g o th nhiu v khc vi a u, theo l

thuyt ta xy dng mt p g gc li khi phc nh da vo p ng ban u. Tuy nhi ph g php h gc v lc gi gc c mt yu i m

l nhy cm vi nhiu v vy khi p d g ph g php y phi gi nh l h th g tng khng c nhiu. Song trn thc t th khng th gi ta s d g k thut lc wiener cho cc h thng c nhiu. Nh ta it mc tiu ca b lc Wiener lm cc ti u h ph g sai s, iu ny, v vy

trong x l nh th l sai s gia nh gc v h a g . Ta i t mt b lc FIR h t tch chp ca mt b lc trng s g lm cc ti u sai s h ph g

vi h thu c. Vic tm trng s t g ng vi vic gii mt ph g tr h tho mn yu cu t ra sau ta t ra l thc hin vic tnh tch chp. Sau khi

t h xo g th ta thu c nh gn vi nh gc nht. B lc Wi r thng l b lc thng thp g ng ca h thng tp trung

vng tn s thp.

Bi tp ln M phng cc h thng truyn thng

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B lc Wiener v gim nhiu trong nh. M hnh nh xung cp bi nhiu cng ngu nhin: ( )= ( ) ( )

Tro g (

) l bi u din nhiu cng ngu hi c lp vi tn hiu.

Nhm s a ra nhng k hiu cng thc thc t khng h c sai khc ngha vi k hiu cng thc phn tng quan trn, ly gi tr n dng trong ri rc khng dng cho nhi u c na.

Nu ta gi thit rng (

) v (

) l nhng mu c lp tuyn tnh ca ( ) v

qu trnh ngu nhin dng trung v bng 0, v ph cng sut ( ) ca h g it, th c th nh

ng tuyn tnh ti u sai ) qua b lc wiener

s qu ph g ti hi u ca ( p ng xung tn s h sau:

) bng cch cho (

( )

) ( (

) ) v ( ) l thc

B lc trn l b lc pha khng. V ph cng sut v khng m nn gi tr (

) g thc v khng m. Nh c b lc

Weiner ch h hng ti i ph ch khng h h g n pha. B lc Weiner gi nguyn t s SNR (t s tn hiu trn nhiu) ca cc thnh phn tn s

Bi tp ln M phng cc h thng truyn thng

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ao

h g

gim SNR ca cc thnh phn tn s thp. Nu ta cho ( ) s tin g n 1, cho ta thy b l (

tin gn ti 0 th

xu hng gi

nguyn SNR ca cc thnh phn tn s cao. Nu cho tr ( ) s ti n 0, cho ta thy b l

) ti th gi

xu hng lm gim SNR ca cc

thnh phn tn s thp. B lc Weiner da vo gi thit l ph cng sut hoc c th g c. Tro g ( ( ) v ( ) it ng ph

i to thng gp th

cng sut ca nhiu

) l hon ton c th ( ) gin ) ) [

h phn 2 trn, tuy

nhin l vi ph cng sut ca nh ph g php y trung bnh khc l m hnh ha bng mt h ( ( Tro g 0< <1. (

g kh g gin. Mt ). Ph g php

cho nhiu nh (

)] ).

ng t nh b xung cp (

Bi tp ln M phng cc h thng truyn thng

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Th g thng b l wi ( )=IDFT [ ( ) v )

r c thc thi trn min tn s bi: ( ( )] ) l bi i Fourier ri rc ca ( ) v

Cc gi tr ( (

). Trong cng th tr th k h thc DFT v bi i gc DFT t nht ) x( x ) khi ki h thc nh l x ) x( v k h thc )th

g ( b lc l bi (

. Nu k h thc DFT nh h ( gc IDFT [ ( ) g ) (

i Fouri r )* (

) ] s kh g ng nht vi ), v hiu ng ) nh, c

ng bin ca h x l (

aliasing. Trong hu ht trng hp k h thc hiu dng ca (

th nhn c kt qu va vi bi i Fourier (DFT) v bi i gc Fourier (IDFT) k h thc ng tn s ( x . Mt h nh c ( ) l ly mu p

) ca b lc Wiener bng: ( ) ( )

Tro g : k h thc ca DFT v IDFT l

x g h nh. L do l c tri n khai vi

Page 17

B lc wiener lm gim nhiu nn r rt tuy hi

b lc wiener s dng mt b lc duy nht trn ton b h

Bi tp ln M phng cc h thng truyn thng

gi thit l qua cc vng khc nhau ca h c tnh tn hiu v nhiu u khng thay i. lc bt bi tro g kh g gia nh, t v g y sa g v g kh th g thng trong mt bc

c tnh nh rt khc nhau. V d tng v

bu tri g nn xp x g u, tri li cc ta nh v cy g thay i ln, chi tit). S xung cp g th thay i t vng ny sang vng khc.
y l b tr v gii chp Wiener v SNR b sung cho phn trn: Vi mt h thng: ( ) * k hiu chp v: ( ) l mt tn hiu u vo (khng r) ti thi gian . ( ) l p ng xung ca mt h thng tuyn tnh bt bin thi gian ( ) l mt nhi u cng khng r, c lp ca ( ) ( ) l tn hiu quan st ( ) ( ) ( )

Mc tiu ca chng ta l tm thy mt ( ) s chng ta c th c ( ) tnh nh sau: ( ) ( ) ( )

( ) l mt c tnh ( ) rng gim thiu cc li c ngha l hnh vung .

Cc gii chp Wiener cung cp nh ( ) vy. B lc c th d dng m t trong min tn s : ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

Bi tp ln M phng cc h thng truyn thng

Page 18

Trong :

( ) v ( ) c cc Fourier bin

v tng ng tn

s .

( ) l c ngha l mt cng sut ph ca tn hiu u vo ( ) ( ) l mt cng sut c ngha l quang ph ca ting n ( ) Cc du * biu th lin hp phc tp .

Hot ng lc c th c thc hin trong min thi gian, nh trn, hoc trong min tn s: ( ) ( ) ( )

Vi ( ) i i Fouri r a ( ) v sau th hi ( ) . Lu rng trong x l hnh nh, cc i s

t i i Fouri r g ( ) c

l thnh phn hai chiu, tuy nhin kt qu l nh nhau.

Cc hot ng ca cc b lc Wiener tr nn r rng khi cc phng trnh lc trn c vit li: ( ) [ ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ] ( ) ( )

( )

( )

] ( )

y,

( )

l nghch o ca h thng ban u, v

( )

( ) ( )

l t l tn hiu trn nhi u. Khi khng

nhi u (tc l tn hiu trn nhi u v hn), thut ng bn trong du ngoc vung bng 1, c ngha rng cc b lc Wiener ch n gin l nghch o ca h thng, nh chng ta c th mong i. Tuy nhin, khi nhi u tn s nht nh tng, t l tn hiu trn nhi u gim xung, v vy thut ng bn trong du ngoc

Bi tp ln M phng cc h thng truyn thng

Page 19

vung cng gim xung. iu ny c ngha l b lc Wiener suy gim tn s ph thuc vo t l tn hiu trn nhi u. Cc phng trnh b lcWiener trn i hi chng ta phi bit ni dung ph ca mt hnh nh tiu biu, v c nhi u. Thng thng, chng ta khng th tm n nhng s lng chnh xc, nhng chng ta c th bit c mt tnh hung m cc c tnh tt c th c thc hin. V d, trong trng hp ca cc hnh nh, tn hiu (hnh nh ban u) thng c tn s thp l mnh v tn s cao yu, v trong nhiu trng hp nhi u s c tng i bng vi tn s.

Bi tp ln M phng cc h thng truyn thng

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4. Thit k b lc FIR Wiener Gii thiu V l thuyt, b lc Wie r p ng xung v h v do i hi DFT c kch thc ln. Tuy nhi th i tng. Khc vi hu ht cc loi b lc s c thit k da trn cc khi nim trong min tn s, cc b l gian. Cc b l i i r c pht tri n da trn cc khi nim v min thi p ng xung c hiu qu ch l mt phn nh ca kch

r c thit k ti thi u ha sai s trung bnh bnh

ph g (MSE) gia u ra ca n v mt tn hiu ra mong mun hay yu cu. V vy h g c cho l ti u th o gha a sai s tru g h h ph g. nh

gha c bit ny v ti u thun li l d n cc li gii c dng hu hn cho cc h s ca b lc v mt hm t t g qua h t g qua a tn hiu i vo lc v

ho gia tn hiu vo v tn hiu ra yu cu.

B lc FIR Wiener: Gi: [ ] Vector tn hiu u vo ca b lc [ ] =[ ]

Page 21

Bi tp ln M phng cc h thng truyn thng

: L vector trng s ca b lc wiener w=[ [ ] tn hiu ra (2.1) [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] ]

[ ] tn hiu ra mong mun [ ] sai s gia tn hiu mong mun [ ]v tn hiu ra [ ] [ ]= [ ] [ ] (2.2)

[ ]l mt v hng nn bng chuy n v ca n, tc l:

[ ]=

[ ] .

Do , t (2.1) v (2.2) ta c: [ ] = [ ] [ ]= [ ] [ ]= [ ] [ ] (2.3)

i vi mch lc Wiener, hm hiu g c chn l sai s ton ph g tru g bnh: ( [ ] ) Trong k hiu [ ] l k vng thng k. Thay (2.3) vo (2.4) ta c: (2.4)

Bi tp ln M phng cc h thng truyn thng

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= [( [ ] Khai tri n (2.5) v ch

[ ])( [ ]

[ ] )]

(2.5) [.] v n khng phi l

c th a ra goi to t

bin s th g k ta thu c: = [ [ ]] [ [ ] [ ]] [ [ ] [ ]] + [ [ ] [ ]] (2.6)

Ta h gha v tor t g qua [ [ ] [ ]] V ma tr t g qua :

ho c Nx1: [ ] (2.7)

R00
R=E[x[n]xT[n]] =

R01 R11 ... RN-1 1

... ... ... ...

R0 N-1 R1 N-1 ... RN-1 N-1

R10 ... RN-1 0

Ch l: E[d[n]xT[n]] = PT; wTP=PTw, ta thuc: J = E[d2[n]] 2wTP + wTRw (2.8)

thu c cc trng s ng vi hm ph tn J c gi tr cc ti u, ta cn phi gii h phng trnh c to thnh t o hm bc nht ca J i vi mi trng s wi bng khng, tc l: (2.9)
Page 23

Bi tp ln M phng cc h thng truyn thng

 C ph g tr h tr th vit di dng ma trn: J = 0 y l ton t vi ph x h h t v t t: (2.10)

...

o hm ring ca J i vi cc trng s wi ca mch l

trc ht

phi khai tri n h thc (2.8) thnh d g tng minh:

[ ]]

[ ] [ ]

[ ] [ ] [

(2.11)

Tng kp trn c th khai tri

di dng:

Bi tp ln M phng cc h thng truyn thng

Page 24

[ ] [ ] [

[ ] [ ] [

[ ] [

(2.12) Thay (2.12) vo (2.11) sau y o hm ring phn ca J theo wi v thayth m ho k ta c: [ ]( [ ] [ ])

[]

Tro g trng hp ny ta thy: Rki = E[x[n-k]x[n-i]] = xx[i-k] xx[i-k] l hm t t g qua T g t: Rik = xx[k-i] Do tnh cht i xng ca hm t t g qua Rki = Rik Thay (3.18) vo ph g tr h (3.15) ta c: [ ] [ ] xx[k] =xx[-k] ta thu c: a x[n]

Bi tp ln M phng cc h thng truyn thng

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Ph g tr h tr J = 2Rw 2P

th bi u di di dng ma trn:

t J=0 ta s thu c ph g tr h ti u ho tp trng s ca mch lc Wiener: Rw0 = P y ph g tr h i r-Hopf i vi vetor trng s ti u w0: W0 = R-1P (2.14) (2.13)

Thay gi tr w0va t trnh (2.8) ta s t

c t ph g tr h Wiener-Hopf v Rw0=P vo ph g

c gi tr cc ti u ca hm ph tn J:

Jmin = E[d2[n]] w0TP = E[d2[n]] w0TRw0

sai s cc ti u m mch lc Wiener FIR W(z) c th t c khi cc trng s ca n l nghim ca ph g tr h (2.14) i r-Hopf gha ghim ti u

Bi tp ln M phng cc h thng truyn thng

Page 26

III. M phng th nghim Wiener Filter

1. Gii thiu v Matlab: Matlab l cng c tnh ton trong k thut c bit l cc bi ton v ma trn. Matlab cn cung cp cc toolboxes chuyn d g gii quyt nhng v c th gip chng ta gii quyt cc bi ton lin v x l nh. Image Processing toolbox l cng c chuyn dng v x l h c Matlab pht tri . y t cng c li hi gip cho vic thc hin cc gii thut x

l nh nhanh chng v d hi u. Ch g tr h s dng Matlab phin bn Matlab 7.8.0 (R2009a) tin hnh th nghim khi phc nh s dng b lc weiner b g h trong Image Processing toolbox Version 6.11 i k Cc hm c bn trong c s dng: H I. Hm hi n th nh I: imshow(I) hi n th h u ng ma tr i m nh I. Hm to p ng xung: h = fspecial(type para t rs) p ng xung ny khi c nh: I = i r ad(fi a ) c h u a tr i m nh vo ma trn c cung cp

nhn chp vi nh gc to ra cc hiu ng do type truy vo h: otio : to nhe ging my nh chp b rung khi chp hay vt th chuy n ng nhanh qua ng knh khi bm my

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 gaussa : to nhiu Gaussian av rag : x l cho lc trung bnh Parameters: tham s b sung cho type Hm to nhiu: J = imnoise(I,type,parameters) to ra cc loai nhiu gaussia 'sa t & p pp r' H i fi t r(A H optio 1 ) h y s ty th o optio x l A v H, h

trong th nghi

optio = o v d g tch chp h a u A v H( l ng).

hiu ng quang hc chuy

Hm medfil2(I,[ ]) hm lc trung v cho nh I v dng ma trn [ ]. Hm gii chp s dng thut ton ca b lc Wiener: deconvwnr(I,H,SNR) deconvolves nh I dng b l wi r khi bit gi

tr ca h hng quang hc (motion) v tham s v nhiu ( y t s SNR). Ngoi ra ta cn 1 hm Wiener2 l hm l c nhiu h g s d g h ph g thc lc trung bnh wiener2 (I,[m n],noise) vi [ Ngoi ra cn 1 s h ] k h th p ng xung t

s dng vo vic xy dng GUI cho th nghim.

2. Tin hnh th nghim: Quy trnh:

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 Dng 1 nh c cht ng tt oi h h tng ( khng c s xung cp hay h hng ca nhiu v quang hc) To ra s xung cp ln h h to nhiu hay lm t ng quang hc do chuy ng h g tr h Mat a

Khi phc li bng cc hm s dng b l w i r cung cp sn.

ng thi cng vi nh xung cp thay v c Wiener s c lc bng lc trung bnh v trung v. Thc hin:

c vo h a

c x

a tr i m nh

I = imread('D:\lena.jpg'); imshow(I); title('anh goc');

To nhiu ngu nhin, nhiu trng Gaussian: noise_mean = 0; noise_var = 0.01; J = imnoise(I, 'gaussian', noise_mean, noise_var);

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imshow(J); title('anhnhieu');

Khi phc nh bng hm wiener2: K = wiener2(J,[5 5]); figure, imshow(K); title('anhphuchoi');

Kt qu:

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Bi tp ln M phng cc h thng truyn thng

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Sau khi quan st nh khi phc c th thy nhiu gi t g kh g r r g a iu ny l hi n nhin. Thut ton m wiener2() s dng: t h gi tr tru g h v ph g sai tr i i h

h g ng thi ng

Vi NM h i

i i

h tro g h h h. wiener2() sau to ra

r pix thng minh g h s d g h g t h y

( (

Trong

l ph g sai

hiu. Nu g

hiu kh g phi

ht

h wiener2() s d g tru g

h a tt t h h h h a ph g.

C g vi h hiu h tr s d g tru g v.

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R rng t 2 nh ta c th thy nh lc bng Wiener 2 s d g ph g php adaptive Wiener nh gi li nhiu g t h nh lc bng lc trung v

Th nghim khi phc nh b nh hng quang hc (do chuyn ng) v c nhiu

c h vo oi h h tng I = im2double(imread('D:\lena.jpg'));

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imshow(I); title('anh goc');

Gi nh rng trong qu trnh chp nh ng knh b rung hay do vt c chp chuy ng nhanh qua ng knh khi chp. Chng ta s m phng hi tng hp nh vi nh g to

ny bng cch to ra p g xu g H sau h ra nh b nhe H=fspecial('motion',11,5); anh_bi_mo=imfilter(I,H,'conv'); figure,imshow(anh_bi_mo); title('Anh bi lam mo');

S d g h

ois to thm nhiu gaussian ln nh

noise_mean = 0; noise_var = 0.001; anh_bi_monhieu = imnoise(anh_bi_mo, 'gaussian', noise_mean, noise_var); figure, imshow(anh_bi_monhieu); title('ANH BI LAM MO VA NHIEU');

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Khi phc s dng b lc wiener c s d g sai ca hm to nhiu (noise_var).

ng nhiu khi bit ph g

uocluong_nhieu= noise_var / var(I(:));% day chinh la ti so SNR wnr3 = deconvwnr(anh_bi_monhieu, H, uocluong_nhieu); % ti so SNR 0 figure, imshow(wnr3); title('anh sau khi loc bang weiner'); Kt qu: nh gc: nh m do chuy ng:

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nh thm nhiu na:

nh lc bng Wiener:

Thm mt th nghim na: nh m do chuy lc trung bnh v kt qu s h sau:

ng + nhiu Gauss c lc bi

I = imread('D:\lena_mo_nhieu.jpg'); H = fspecial('average'); K = imfilter(I,H,'conv'); nh sau khi khi phc:

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Lc bng l

gc:

C th nhn xt t cc kt qu lc Wiener v lc trung bnh th lc Wiener khi phc li g t r r g h g g ng thi h hng quang hc (do chuy bi lc trung bnh nhiu c gi ng) g h ho hiu t g ng ln, t. Ngc li h c lc g kh g c

i h g h hng quang h

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loi b. c bit l

gc rt nhy cm vi nhiu ta c kt qu nh

hon ton b nhiu h tr .

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Ti liu tham kho

Books: 1. Nhp mn x l h L g Mnh B Nguyn Thanh Thy 2. Adaptive filter theory (3rd_ed) Simon Haykin 3. Digital Image Processing 2nd by Rafael C. Gonzalez Richard E. Woods Websites: 4. http://En.Wikipedia/wiki/Wiener_Filter 5. http://En.Wikipedia/wiki/Wiener_deconvolution 6. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Least_mean_squares_filter 7. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimum_mean-square_error 8. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiener%E2%80%93Hopf_method 9. http://www.owlnet.rice.edu/~elec539/Projects99/BACH/proj2/wiener.html 10.http://www.mathworks.com/help/toolbox/images/ 11.

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