International Journal of JOURNAL Computer Engineering and Technology (IJCET), ISSN 0976INTERNATIONAL OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING 6367(Print), ISSN 0976

6375(Online) Volume 4, Issue 2, March April (2013), IAEME & TECHNOLOGY (IJCET)

ISSN 0976 6367(Print) ISSN 0976 6375(Online) Volume 4, Issue 2, March April (2013), pp. 607-622 IAEME: www.iaeme.com/ijcet.asp Journal Impact Factor (2013): 6.1302 (Calculated by GISI) www.jifactor.com

IJCET
IAEME

SCRIPT IDENTIFICATION FROM PRINTED DOCUMENT IMAGES USING STATISTICAL FEATURES

M. M. Kodabagi1, S. R. Karjol2 Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Basaveshwar Engineering College, Bagalkot-587102, Karnataka, India Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Basaveshwar Engineering College, Bagalkot-587102, Karnataka, India
2 1

ABSTRACT Automatic identification of a script in a document image facilitates many important applications such as automatic archiving of multilingual documents; searching online archives of document images and for the selection of script specific OCR in a multilingual environment. In this work a technique for script identification from document images is proposed. The method uses vertical and horizontal run components/objects of words of a single line of text to distinguish 3 Indian scripts: Kannada, Hindi and English. Initially, the method segments words from the selected line of text from a document image. Then statistics of horizontal and vertical run objects are determined. Further, linear discriminant function is used to identify script of the document image as Kannada, Hindi or English script. The method has been tested for 300 document images and the method found to be robust and efficient. The proposed system achieves 93% identification accuracy for Hindi script, 90% identification accuracy for English script and 86% identification accuracy for Kannada script. 1. INTRODUCTION

In recent years, the escalating use of physical documents has made progress towards the creation of electronic documents to facilitate easy communication and storage of documents. However, the usage of physical documents is still prevalent in most of the communications. The
607

International Journal of Computer Engineering and Technology (IJCET), ISSN 09766367(Print), ISSN 0976 6375(Online) Volume 4, Issue 2, March April (2013), IAEME

amount of creation and storage of electronic documents is increasing rapidly with the advances in computer technology. Such data include multi-lingual documents. For example, museums store images of old fragile documents in typically large databases. These documents have scientific or historical or artistic value and can be written in different scripts. Document analysis systems that help process these stored images is of interest for both efficient archival and to provide access to various researchers. Script identification is a key step that arises in document image analysis especially when the environment is multiscript and multi-lingual. An automatic script identification scheme is useful to (i) sort document images, (ii) select appropriate scriptspecific OCRs and (iii) search online archives of document images for those containing a particular script. India is a multi-script multi-lingual country and hence most of the document including official ones, may contain text information printed in more than one script/language forms. For such multi script documents, it is necessary to pre-determine the language type of the document, before employing a particular OCR on them. With this context, it is proposed to work on the prioritized requirements of a particular region- Karnataka, a state in India. In a multi-lingual country like India (India has 18 regional languages derived from 12 different scripts; a script could be a common medium for different languages), documents like bus reservation forms, passport application forms, examination question papers, bank-challenge, language translation books and money-order forms may contain text words in more than one language forms. For such an environment, multi lingual OCR system is needed to read the multilingual documents. To make a multi-lingual OCR system successful, it is necessary to separate portions of different language regions of the document before feeding to individual OCR systems. In this direction, multi lingual document segmentation has strong direct application potential, especially in a multilingual country like India. In the context of Indian languages, some amount of research work has been reported. Further there is a growing demand for automatically processing the documents in every state in India including Karnataka. Under the three language formulae, adopted by most of the Indian states, the document in a state may be printed in its respective official regional language, the national language Hindi and also in English. Accordingly, a document produced in Karnataka, a state in India, may be printed in its official regional language Kannada, national language Hindi and also in English. For such an environment, multilingual OCR system is needed to read the multilingual documents. According to the three language policy adopted by most of the Indian states, the documents produced in Karnataka are composed of texts in Kannada- the regional language, Hindi the National language and English. Such trilingual documents are found in majority of the private and Government sectors, railways, airlines, banks, post-offices of Karnataka state. For automatic processing of such tri-lingual documents through the respective OCRs, a preprocessor is necessary which could identify the language type of the texts words. So, it is proposed to develop a model to identify the script of documents containing Kannada, Hindi and English text. Some essential factors need to be considered before choosing or designing a script identification scheme for any multi-lingual application. These factors are: (a) complexity in preprocessing, (b) complexity in feature extraction and classification, (c) computational speed of entire scheme, (d) sensitivity of the scheme to the variation in text in document (font style, font size and document skew), (e) performance of the scheme, and (f) range of applications in which
608

International Journal of Computer Engineering and Technology (IJCET), ISSN 09766367(Print), ISSN 0976 6375(Online) Volume 4, Issue 2, March April (2013), IAEME

the scheme could be used. Performance of the scheme includes accuracy reported and selection of testing data. Currently, individual approaches are designed such that they can effectively deal with some of the factors listed above (not all). Some of the key challenges identified in script identification works [1-10] from the factors listed above are presence of document degradation, skew, varying font size and font type. There are four types of most common document degradation, namely, poor image resolution, noise including salt and pepper noise, and Gaussian noise and physical document degradation. All these document degradation must be compensated before script identification. An image that is slanting too far in one direction or one that is misaligned is known as skew. Compensating for the dominant skew angle in an entire page image may not be sufficient adjustment to allow accurate script identification. In case of varying font size and font type, the relative offsets are distributed it is difficult to accurately estimate results with limited font size. It is difficult to classify documents those printed in unfamiliar font types. The difficulty of most of images in script identification appeared to stem from their unfamiliar font types. From the reported works [1-10] on script identification, the documents produced in Karnataka usually are composed of texts in Kannada, Hindi and English. Though a great amount of work has been carried out on identification of the three languages Kannada, Hindi and English, very few works pertain to script identification processing the document image at word/line level. By analysing the study of work carried out on word level identification of Kannada, English and Hindi, a generalisation of existing work with more accurate results for script identification from document images have been carried out. Also, the processing of word/line level reduces the number of computations. Language identification is one of the vision application problems. Generally human system identifies the language in a document using some visible characteristic features such as texture, horizontal lines, vertical lines, which are visually perceivable and appeal to visual sensation. This human visual perception capability has been the motivator for the development of the proposed system. With this context, an attempt has been made to simulate the human visual system, to identify the type of the script based on visual clues, without reading the contents of the document. . Hence, this motivated for developing a technique for script identification of Kannada, Hindi and English from printed document images used in Karnataka to report better recognition. In this work a technique for script identification of Kannada, English and Hindi from document images is proposed. In this work a technique for script identification from document images is proposed. The method uses vertical and horizontal run components/objects of words of a single line of text to identify the script of the document image. Further, the method distinguishes 3 Indian scripts: Kannada, Hindi and English. Initially, the method segments words from the selected line of text from a document image. Then statistics of horizontal and vertical run objects are determined. Further, linear discriminant function is used to identify script of the document image as Kannada, Hindi or English script. The method has been tested for 300 document images and the method found to be robust and efficient. The proposed system achieves 93% identification accuracy for Hindi script, 90% identification accuracy for English script and 86% identification accuracy for Kannada script. The literature survey related to current work is summarized in the following section.
609

International Journal of Computer Engineering and Technology (IJCET), ISSN 09766367(Print), ISSN 0976 6375(Online) Volume 4, Issue 2, March April (2013), IAEME

The rest of the paper is organized as follows; the detailed survey related to script identification from printed document images is described in Section 2. The proposed method is presented in Section 3. The experimental results and discussions are given in Section 4. Section 5concludes the work and lists future directions of the work. 2. RELATED WORKS

A substantial amount of work has gone into the research related to script identification from printed document images. Some of the related works are summarized in the following. A robust method for determination of the script and language content of Document Images proposed in [1]. The algorithm determines connected components and locates upward concavities and then classifies the script into two broad classes Han-based (Chinese, Japanese and Korean) and Latin-based (English, French, German and Russian) languages. The extraction of Rotation Invariant Texture Features and Their Use in Automatic Script Identification has been carried out in [2]. The method computes features from text blocks using multi-channel gabor filters, constructs a representative feature vector and Euclidian distance classifier is used for script identification of 6 languages (Chinese, English, Greek, Russian, Persian, and Malayalam). Script and Language Identification from Document Images using Multiple channel Gabor filters and gray level cooccurrence matrices (GLCMs) to extract texture features and K-NN classifier is used to classify seven languages; Chinese, English, Greek, Korean, Malayalam, Persian and Russian has been proposed in [3]. The Cluster-Based Templates is used for Automatic Script Identification from Document Images in [4]. Evaluation of Texture features for Script Identification is carried out in [5]. A method for Automatic Identification of English, Chinese, Arabic, Devnagari and Bangla Script Line is discussed in [6]. A method for Script and Language Identification in Noisy and Degraded Document Images is presented in [7]. Script Identification Based on Morphological Reconstruction in Document Images is described in [8]. A simple technique based on the characteristic features of top-profile and bottom-profile of individual text lines for Identification for Kannada, Hindi and English text lines from a printed document is proposed in [9]. Script Identification at both paragraph and word level using Appearance based models have been presented in [10]. A Survey of Script Identification technique for Multi-Script Document Images is carried out in [11]. Two-stage Approach for Word-wise Script Identification of English (Roman), Devnagari and Bengali (Bangla) scripts is proposed in [12]. Zone-based Structural feature extraction to recognize four south Indian scripts namely Kannada, Telugu, Tamil and Malayalam along with English and Hindi is employed in [13]. A technique presented in [14] use Voting Technique for Script Identification from a Tri Lingual Document. The technique presented in [15] extracts features consistent with human perception from the responses of a multi-channel log-Gabor filter bank, designed at an optimal scale and multiple orientations for Script Identification from Indian Documents. A simple and efficient technique for script identification for Kannada, Hindi and English text lines from a printed document using horizontal projection profile is presented in [16]. A method for Word level Script Identification for scanned document images in which during both training and testing , a Gabor filter is applied and 16 channels of features are extracted is evaluated in [17]. Multi610

International Journal of Computer Engineering and Technology (IJCET), ISSN 09766367(Print), ISSN 0976 6375(Online) Volume 4, Issue 2, March April (2013), IAEME script identification technique for Indian languages using different text lines of Indian scripts from a document are identified in [18]. A method found in [19] uses texture-based approach to identify the script type using Wavelet Packet Based Features for documents printed in seven scripts: Kannada, Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Urdu, Hindi and English. A technique proposed in [20] for language identification in document images to discriminate five major Indian languages: Hindi, Marathi, Sanskrit, Assamese and Bengali belong to Devnagari and Bangla scripts. But, in the current work horizontal and vertical run objects determined from the text line of document image are used to determine the script of document. The detailed description of the methodology is given in the following section. PROPOSED METHODOLOGY FOR SCRIPT IDENTIFICATION The proposed methodology uses horizontal and vertical run objects to determine the script of the document image containing Kannada, Hindi or English text. The methodology comprises four phases; Image Acquisition, Preprocessing, Segmentation, Feature Extraction and Linear Discriminant Analysis. The block diagram of proposed model is given in Figure 3a. The detailed description of each processing step is presented in the following subsections. 3.1 Image acquisition The process begins with acquiring document images of the three scripts Kannada, Hindi and English. The document images are scanned images which are downloaded from the internet. The document images considered as input are skew free and noise free. About 300 sample images i.e., 100 samples of each script are collected as requirement. 3.

Input document image

PREPROCESSING (Binarization and Bounding Box )

SEGMENTATION (Line and Words segmentation)

FEATURE EXTRACTION (Horizontal run objects and Vertical run objects)

LINEAR DISCRIMINANT ANALYSIS

Identified script as Kannada/English/Hindi Fig. 3a. Block Diagram of Proposed Model

611

International Journal of Computer Engineering and Technology (IJCET), ISSN 09766367(Print), ISSN 0976 6375(Online) Volume 4, Issue 2, March April (2013), IAEME

3.2 Preprocessing In the preprocessing phase, the text document images taken as input are binarized and bounding box is generated. Binarization is the step in which the image is converted into binary image where each pixel is represented by either 0 or 1. Binary image is a black and white type of image. Bounding box is generated by applying horizontal and vertical run objects. The purpose of this phase is to make the image easier for the feature extraction and classification. 3.3. Segmentation In this phase the segmentation of single line from the document image is carried out. The bounding box is generated around the segmented line. From the selected line, the words are segmented and bounding boxes are generated to the segmented words. The segmentation process of line and words is described below. Segmentation of line The horizontal projection features are determined to segment a line from the document image. Bounding box is generated to the segmented line. The line segmentation of Hindi script is as shown in below Figure 3b, the English script is Figure 3c and the Kannada script is Figure 3d.

3b

3c

3d Fig. 3b, c, d. Sample Images of segmented lines of Hindi, English and Kannada script Segmentation of words The vertical projection features are determined to extract words from the selected lines. Using the boundary between two consecutive vertical projections, the words are segmented. Then the bounding boxs are generated to the segmented words. The segmented words of above Figures 3b, 3c and 3d are given in the below Figures 3e, 3f and 3g respectively.

612

International Journal of Computer Engineering and Technology (IJCET), ISSN 09766367(Print), ISSN 0976 6375(Online) Volume 4, Issue 2, March April (2013), IAEME

3e

3f

3g

Fig 3e, f, g. Sample Images of Segmented words of Hindi, English and Kannada lines. 3.4. Feature extraction In this phase, the Horizontal run object and vertical run objects of each segmented text words are determined. Horizontal run object In the binary image of each text word, a set of consecutive pixels in a row whose length is greater than the threshold value (HT) results in a horizontal run objects. Vertical run object In the binary image of each text word, a set of consecutive pixels in a column whose length is greater than the threshold value (VT) results in a vertical run objects. The number of horizontal and vertical run objects are determined and stored into a feature vector Fv as given in equation (1). (1) Where, Fv is Feature Vector is the number of horizontal run objects is the number of vertical run objects
613

International Journal of Computer Engineering and Technology (IJCET), ISSN 09766367(Print), ISSN 0976 6375(Online) Volume 4, Issue 2, March April (2013), IAEME

3.5. Linear Discriminant Analysis The Discriminant analysis phase of the proposed model uses the and features to classify the segmented words of the document image as Hindi, Kannada or English script. Condition 1: ) in a word is greater than half of the number of If one of the horizontal run objects ( columns(n2) in a word then, the script of the word is identified as Hindi. (HT is n2/2) > (n2/2) = Word is Hindi script (2)

Condition 2: If the value of feature is greater the value of feature , then the script of the word is identified as Kannada. (HT considered is 3 and VT considered is 5) > = Word is Kannada script (3)

Condition 3: Else if the value of feature is greater the value of feature then, the script of the word is identified as English. (HT considered is 3 and VT considered is 5) > = Word is English script (4)

After identifying the script of each segmented words then the classification of script of the document image is done on the bases of above conditions. Condition 4: If from the selected line in the document image, the number of words identified as Hindi script i.e. equation (2) is greater than the total number of words in the selected line then, the script of the document image is identified as Hindi script. Condition 5: If the document image is not Hindi script, then if from the selected line the text words identified as Kannada script i.e. equation(3) are greater than or equal to the words identified as English script i.e. equation(4) from the selected line, then the script of the document image is identified as Kannada script. Condition 6: Else, if the document image is not Kannada script, then it means the text words from the selected line identified as English script i.e. equation (4) are greater than the words identified as Kannada script i.e. equation (3). And hence, the script of the document image is identified as English script.

614

International Journal of Computer Engineering and Technology (IJCET), ISSN 09766367(Print), ISSN 0976 6375(Online) Volume 4, Issue 2, March April (2013), IAEME

4.

EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

For the purpose of experimentation we have created our own database of document images. The document images are scanned images which are downloaded from the internet. The document images considered as input are skew free and noise free. About 300 sample images i.e., 100 samples of each script are collected as requirement. The proposed methodology has been tested for about 300 document images containing Kannada, Hindi and English script. Horizontal and vertical run objects are used for feature extraction. Further, linear discriminant Analysis is carried out to identify the script of the document image as Hindi, Kannada or English script. The documents having different font sizes have been considered. Exhaustive experimentations were done to analyze the performance of the system for different image patterns. 4.1. An Experimental Analysis for a Sample Hindi Document Image.

Fig. 4a. Sample Input Document Image

Figure 4.a shows sample input document image. The bounding box and Binarization of input document image is done. The segmentation of line from the document image is carried out. The segmented line from the document image is shown in the Figure 4.b

Fig. 4b. Segmented Line from Input Image

615

International Journal of Computer Engineering and Technology (IJCET), ISSN 09766367(Print), ISSN 0976 6375(Online) Volume 4, Issue 2, March April (2013), IAEME

After segmentation of line the words are segmented from the selected line. The segmented words from the line in Figure 4.b are given in Figure 4.c

Fig. 4c. Segmented words Feature extraction and Linear Discriminant Analysis is carried out. And finally the document image is identified as Hindi script. The Figure 4.d shows the result displayed.

Fig. 4d. Dialog box 4.2. An Experimental Analysis for a Sample English Document Image. Example 2: English sample

Fig. 4e. Sample English Input document image

616

International Journal of Computer Engineering and Technology (IJCET), ISSN 09766367(Print), ISSN 0976 6375(Online) Volume 4, Issue 2, March April (2013), IAEME

Figure 4.e shows the original English document image. After applying bounding box and binarization of the image, segmentation of line from the document image is carried out. The segmented line from the document image is shown in the Figure 4.f.

Fig. 4f. Segmented line After segmentation of line the words are segmented from the selected line. The segmented words are given in Figure 4.g

Fig. 4g. Segmented words Feature extraction and Linear Discriminant Analysis is carried out. And finally the document image is classified as English script. The Figure 4.h shows the result displayed.

Fig. 4h. Dialog box System Performance Analysis The overall system performance of the script identification from printed document images is as shown in the below Table 1 Table 1: Overall System Performance Tested scripts Hindi script Kannada script English script Number of document images 100 100 100 Classification rate Word wise (987/1053) 94% (496/636) 78% (781/936) 83%
617

4.3

Classification rate Line wise 93% 86% 90%

International Journal of Computer Engineering and Technology (IJCET), ISSN 09766367(Print), ISSN 0976 6375(Online) Volume 4, Issue 2, March April (2013), IAEME

4.4 An Experimental Analysis dealing with various issues The proposed methodology has been evaluated dealing with various issues such as variation in font size and style, color, noise, varying spacing between words. The results of experimentation are given below; Example 1: Sample image with containing noisy document image.

Fig. 4i. Input document image

Fig. 4j. Segmented line

Fig 4k. Extracted words

618

International Journal of Computer Engineering and Technology (IJCET), ISSN 09766367(Print), ISSN 0976 6375(Online) Volume 4, Issue 2, March April (2013), IAEME

Fig. 4l. Dialog box

Example 2: Sample image with smaller font size

Fig. 4m. Input document image

Fig. 4n. Segmented line

619

International Journal of Computer Engineering and Technology (IJCET), ISSN 09766367(Print), ISSN 0976 6375(Online) Volume 4, Issue 2, March April (2013), IAEME

Fig. 4o. Segmented words

Fig. 4p. Dialog box 5. CONCLUSION

In this method, Line and Word-Wise identification models to identify Kannada, Hindi and English text words from Indian multilingual machine printed documents have been presented. The proposed model is developed based on the visual discriminating features, which serve as useful visual clues for script identification. Horizontal and Vertical run objects are used for feature extraction. The methods help to accurately identify and separate different language portions of Kannada, English and Hindi. The experimental results show that the method is effective and good enough to identify and separate the three language portions of the document, which further helps to feed individual language regions to specific OCR system. Further, linear discriminant function is used to identify script of the document image as Kannada, Hindi or English script. The method has been tested for 300 document images and the method found to be robust and efficient. The proposed system achieves 93% identification accuracy for Hindi script, 90% identification accuracy for English script and 86% identification accuracy for Kannada script approach. The proposed system can also be extended to identify other Indian languages and foreign languages. REFERENCES [1] A. L. Spitz, 1997, Determination of script and language content of document images, IEEE Trans. On Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, Vol. 19, No.3, pp. 235245, 1997.

620

International Journal of Computer Engineering and Technology (IJCET), ISSN 09766367(Print), ISSN 0976 6375(Online) Volume 4, Issue 2, March April (2013), IAEME

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

T. N. Tan, 1998, Rotation Invariant Texture Features and their use in Automatic Script Identification, IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 20, no. 7, pp. 751-756, 1998. G. S. Peake and T. N. Tan, 1997, Script and Language Identification from Document Images, Proc.Workshop Document Image Analysis, vol. 1, pp. 10-17, 1997. J. Hochberg, P. Kelly, T. Thomas, L. Kerns, 1997 Automatic Script Identification from Document Images using Clusterbased Templates, IEEE Transaction on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, pp. 176-181, 1997. Andrew Busch, Wageeh W. Boles and Sridha Sridharan, 2005, Texture for Script Identification, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol.7, NO. 11, pp. 1720-1732 November 2005. U. Pal, B. B. Choudhuri, 2001 Automatic Identification of English, Chinese, Arabic, Devanagari and Bangla Script Line, Proc. 6th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, pp. 790-794, (2001). Lu Shijian and Chew Lim Tan, 2008, Script and Language Identification in Noisy and Degraded Document Images, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 30, no. 1, January 2008. B.V.Dhandra, H.Mallikarjun, Ravindra Hegadi, V.S.Malemath, 2006, Wordwise Script Identification from Bilingual Documents Based on Morphological Reconstruction Digital Information Management, 2006 1st International Conference, pp. 389 394, December 2006. M. C. Padma, Dr P. A Vijaya, 2008Language identification of Kannada, Hindi and English Text Words Through Visual Discrimination Features, International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems, Vol.1, No. 2 (May, 2008), 116 126. T. N. Vikram and D. S. Guru, 2006, Appearance based models in document script identification, International School of Information Management and Department of Studies in Computer Science, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, India. S. Abirami, Dr. D. Manjula, 2009,A Survey of Script Identification Techniques for Multi-Script Document Images, International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering, Vol. No.2, May 2009. Sukalpa Chanda, Srikanta Pal, Katrin Franke, Umapada Pal, 2009, Two-stage Approach for Word-wise Script Identification, IEEE 10th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR), pp.926-930,2009. Rajesh Gopakumar, N V Subbareddy, Krishnamoorthi Makkithaya, U Dinesh Acharya,2010, Zone-based Structural feature extraction for Script Identification from Indian Documents, 5th International Conference on Industrial and Information Systems, pp. 420-425, Jul 29 - Aug 01, 2010. M. C Padma and P. A Vijaya, 2010, Script Identification of Text Words from a Tri Lingual Document using Voting Technique International Journal of Image Processing, Volume (4): Issue (1). pp. 35-52. 2010. Gopal Datt Joshi, Saurabh Garg and Jayanthi Sivaswamy, 2006, Script Identification from Indian Documents, In, proceedings of seventh IAPR workshop on Document Analysis System, New Zealand, pp-255-267, 2006.
621

International Journal of Computer Engineering and Technology (IJCET), ISSN 09766367(Print), ISSN 0976 6375(Online) Volume 4, Issue 2, March April (2013), IAEME

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

Prakash K. Aithal, Rajesh G., Dinesh U. Acharya, Krishnamoorthi M. Subbareddy N. V. ,2010,Text Line Script Identification for a Tri-lingual Document IEEE 2010 Second International conference on Computing, Communication and Networking Technologies. pp. 1-3. 2010. Huanfeng Ma and David Doerman, 2004, Word level Script Identification for scanned document images, In SPIE Conference Document Recognition and Retrieval (San Jose,CA), in press-2004. U.Pal, S.Sinha, B.B.Choudhuri, 2003, Multi-Script Line Identification from Indian Documents, Proc. 7th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR 2003) vol. 2, pp. 880-884, 2003. M. C Padma and P. A Vijaya ,2010, Global Approach for script identification using Wavelet Packet Based Features International Journal of Signal Processing, Image processing and Pattern Recognition Vol. 3, No. 3 September, 2010. Mallikarjun Hangarge and B.V.Dhandra, 2008, Shape and Morphological Transformation based Features for Language Identification in Indian Document Images First International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering and Technology (IEEE Comput. Soc. Press), pp. 1175-1180, July 2008. M. M. Kodabagi, S. A. Angadi and Chetana. R. Shivanagi, Character Recognition of Kannada Text In Scene Images Using Neural Network, International Journal Of Graphics And Multimedia (IJGM), Volume 4, Issue 1, 2013, pp. 9 - 19, ISSN Print: 0976 6448, ISSN Online : 0976 6456. Gunjan Singh, Avinash Pokhriyal and Sushma Lehri, Fuzzy Rule Based Classification and Recognition of Handwritten Hindi Curve Script, International journal of Computer Engineering & Technology (IJCET), Volume 4, Issue 1, 2013, pp. 337 - 357, ISSN Print: 0976 6367, ISSN Online: 0976 6375.

622