C: Cr: Ni: Cu: Nb:

1.4542

max. 0,070 15,0 17,0 3,0 5,0 3,0 5,0 max. 0,45

1.4542
X5CrNiCuNb 16-4
Finished product forms and conditions wire rod, 5,5 - 27 peeled bars 20 - 120 bright bar h9, 6 - 78 bright coils h9, 5 - 20 solution annealed tempered drawn straightened ground

Precipitation hardening stainless steel Relevant current and obsolete standards: EN 10088-3 : 1.4542 X5CrNiCuNb 16-4 AISI : ASTM : A 564-89 17-4 PH : Type 630 General properties corrosion resistance mechanical properties forgeability weldability machinability : good : excellent : good : good : poor

Demand tendency

Physical properties - density (kg/dm ) - electrical resistivity 2 at 20C (W mm /m) - magnetisable - thermal conductivity at 20C (W/m K) - specific heat capacity at 20C (J/kg K) - thermal expansion -6 -1 (10 K ) between 20 and 100C 20 and 300C Typical applications marine applications pulp and paper industry pump component mechanical engineering sport and leisure (golf clubs) aerospace and aviation
3

: 7,8 : 0,71 : yes : 16 : 500 : 10,9 : 11,1

Corrosion resistance (PRE = 15,0 to 18.98) The good combination of corrosion resistance and excellent mechanical properties make this grade of steel suitable for use in many marine environments where the corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of the martensitic grades of stainless steels are not sufficient. Although used in marine applications, 1.4542 is susceptible to crevice corrosion in stagnant sea water. In fact when used in any application where continuous operation is not possible, additional protection is recommend. When exposed to coastal atmospheres, a gradual discoloration will occur followed by pitting. In general it can be assumed that the corrosion resistance of 1.4542 is very similar to 1.4301. The exception to the above is that 1.4542 is significantly more resistant to stress corrosion cracking. Heat treatment / mechanical properties 1.4542 may be solution annealed by holding in the temperature range 1020 to 1050C followed by rapid cooling in water, oil or air, depending on the cross-section of the component. It is important to ensure that the component is allowed to cool to room temperature, to ensure that austenite transforms to martensite, prior to further heat treatment is performed. In the solution annealed condition, the following mechanical properties may be attained when testing in the longitudinal direction:
Property - tensile strength (N/mm2) - hardness Specification Rm : 1200 HB : 360

Processing automated machining machinable hammer and die forging cold forming cold heading suited to polishing : not common : yes : yes : no : no : yes

Revision No. 4542-0 Created: 22.06.2000

Properties, applications and processing

The mechanical properties of 1.4542 are dependent on the heat treatment that has been performed, i.e. the amount of precipitation that has occurred. The following precipitation hardening treatments are usually specified:
Condition P 800 P 930 P 960 P 1070 Solution annealing 1030 1050C/oil, water. Common heat treatment Precipitation hardening 2h 760C/air + 4h 620C/air 4h 620C/air 4h 590C/air 4h 550C/air Minimum tensile strength, N/mm2 800 930 960 1070

The number after the P refers to the minimum tensile strength in N/mm2:

In these heat treated conditions, the following mechanical properties can be expected:
Property - yield strength (N/mm2) - tensile strength (N/mm2) - tensile elongation (%) - impact energy (J) @ 25C Property - yield strength (N/mm2) - tensile strength (N/mm2) - tensile elongation (%) Spec. P800 Rp0,2 : 520 Rm : 800 - 950 : 18 A5 ISO-V : 75 Spec. P960 Rp0,2 : 790 Rm : 960 - 1160 : 12 A5 Spec. P930 720 930 - 1100 16 40 Spec. 1070 1000 1070 - 1270 10

Welding Prior to welding 1.4542, consideration must be given to the condition of the base material. The copper within the steel is present in a stable form and will not promote hot cracking. Post weld heat treatment is required to ensure that the required mechanical properties are obtained, both for the weld region and the parent metal. Apart from ensuring good welding practice, care must be taken to avoid under cutting or any other welding defect which could result in the formation of a notch. Elevated temperature properties The following minimum tensile properties at various temperatures are specified in the EN 10088-3 : 1995 standard.
900 850 Minimum proof stress (N/mm ) 800 750 700 650 600 550 500 450 P800 P960 P1070

P930

Common ASTM specifications:

Condition H1150M H1150 H1100 H1075 H1025

Common heat treatment

Precipitation hardening 2h 760C/air + 4h 620C/air 4h 620C/air 4h 595C/air 4h 580C/air 4h 550C/air

Minimum tensile strength, N/mm2 795 930 965 1000 1070

400 50 100 150 200 250 300

Solution annealing 1030 1050C/oil, water.

In this case the number following the H designates the precipitation hardening heat treatment temperature in Fahrenheit.

In these heat treated conditions, the following mechanical properties can be expected:
Property - yield strength (N/mm2) - tensile strength (N/mm2) - tensile elongation (%) - impact energy (J) @ 25C Property - yield strength (N/mm2) - tensile strength (N/mm2) - tensile elongation (%) - impact energy (J) @ 25C Spec. H1025 Rp0,2 : 1000 Rm : 1070 : 12 A5 ISO-V : 20 Spec. H1100 Rp0,2 : 795 Rm : 965 : 14 A5 ISO-V : 34 Spec. H1075 860 1000 13 27 Spec. H1150 725 930 16 41

Forging Test temperature ( C) Forging of 1.4542 usually takes place in the temperature range 1100 to 800C followed by air cooling to room temperature to ensure grain refinement. Heat treatment after forging is required to obtain the required properties. Machining 1.542 is machinable in both the solution annealed and hardened conditions. The machinability of this grade of stainless steel is directly related to its hardness. Although it must be realised that the machining parameters will vary depending on the structure/hardness of the steel, the following parameters can be used as a guideline when machining with coated hardmetal tools:
tensile strengths Rm in N/mm2 annealed 900 - 1100 depth of cut (mm) feed (mm/rev) 6 mm 3 mm 1 mm 0,5 mm/r 0,4 mm/r 0,2 mm/r m/min m/min m/min 100 160 190

Revision No. 4542-0 Created: 22.06.2000

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