Ims

Li m u
X hi cng pht trin, nhu cu v thng tin lin lc cng cao v nhu cu y
tr thnh mt phn khng th thiu trong cuc sng con ngi. Hin ti v trong thi
gian ti, nhu cu pht trin cc loi hnh dch v gia tng nh: thoi, d liu, hnh nh
vi cht lng cao ngy mt tng. p ng yu cu trn, cc nh cung cp dch v
khng ch quan tm n pht trin dch v m cn phi xy dng, cng c v ti u ha
h tng ln dch v. Song song , nh khai thc phi nghin cu tm ra mt cng ngh
th h mi c kin trc linh hot, tng thch hon ton vi mng hin ti, p ng a
cng ngh, a giao thc, a truy cp, a phng tin truyn thng v a dch v Trc
yu cu , NGN ra i c xem l mt gii php tha mn tt c cc iu kin k trn
cho mt mng tng lai.
T nghin cu mng th h mi NGN, tng v mt kin trc iu khin dch v da
trn chun IP c hnh thnh. Kin trc ny phi gip nh khai thc mng d dng hn
trong trin khai v qun l, ng thi cho php ngi dng c th s dng mt hay nhiu
loi thit b khc nhau, di chuyn gia vng phc v ca cc mng m vn c th s dng
cng mt dch v vi yu cu QoS c m bo. Kin trc c gi l phn h a
phng tin IP, vit tt l IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem). Phn h IMS to iu kin
cho vic trin khai nhanh chng cc dch v cht lng cao, mang tnh c nhn, c kh
nng tng tc thi gian thc mi lc, mi ni trn mt kt ni. Do , chc chn trong
tng lai khng xa, trin khai h thng mng IMS l mt xu hng tt yu ca cc nh
khai thc dch v mng v vin thng.
IMS h tr nhiu loi hnh dch v khc nhau nh thoi, d liu, hnh nh v kh nng
tch hp c ba loi hnh dch v ni trn. S tch hp y chnh l Tripple Play m IPTV l
mt dch v in hnh. c bit, trn nn tng IMS, yu t di ng v truy nhp khng
dy tr nn kh thi cng to iu kin cho IPTV pht trin.
Ni dung bi bo co gm hai phn chnh:
I
Phn u, ti gii thiu v tr v kin trc IMS trong m hnh mng NGN theo
chun ha ca t chc 3GPP. Ni dung phn ny tp trung vo vai tr chc nng
cc phn t trong IMS. Thm vo , ti cng trnh by cc giao thc v th
tc s dng dch v gip ngi c hiu r hn v cch thc hot ng ca phn
h ny. Ngoi ra, lun vn cng a ra gii php tng bc tin ln xy dng
mng IMS trn h tng mng hin c.
Phn sau, bi bo co xy dng hon chnh mt m hnh m phng mng NGN
vi y chc nng. Ngi dng c th ng k, s dng dch v thoi, d liu,
xem IPTV,Hn na, phn demo c s kt hp vi ti QoS over Tripple
Play m bo QoS xuyn sut cho cc dch v c trin khai t lp truy cp
n lp ng dng. c bit, m hnh ny thc hin hon ton trn phn mm m
ngun m, thc hin trn cc my tnh, rt thch hp cho vic nghin cu, pht
trin ti cc phng nghin cu ca trng hc, trung tm nghin cu v pht trin
ca cng ty.
thc hin ni dung , ti c phn chia thnh cc chng nh sau:
Chng 1: Tng quan v IMS trn nn NGN. Ni dung chng ny gii thiu
nhng khi nim c bn v IMS cng nh vai tr ca IMS trong mng NGN.
Chng 2: Kin trc phn h IMS. y l chng quan trng nht, trnh by cc
thc th v chc nng ca IMS theo m hnh phn lp mng NGN.
Chng 3: Mt s th tc trong mng IMS. Chng ny gip ngi c hnh
dung r tng bc hot ng ca phn h IMS trong vic thit lp v iu khin
cc phin dch v.
Chng 4: Cc giao thc chnh s dng trong phn h IMS. Chng ny trnh
by khi qut cc giao thc s dng ph bin trong mng NGN nh: SIP,
Diameter, COPS, MEGACO/H.248.
Chng 5: Cc bc tin ln xy dng IMS. Qua chng ny, ngi c c th
hiu c cch thc xy dng mt h thng IMS trn c s h tng mng hin c.
II
Chng 6: Demo trnh by m phng IMS bng Open Source IMS Core v dch
v IPTV trn h iu hnh Linux.
Chng 7: Kt lun v hng pht trin
IMS l mt ti kh mi ti Vit Nam, ti liu ting Vit gn nh khng c. Vi
kh nng ca sinh vin v thi gian tm hiu khng nhiu, ti IMS over NGN khng
trnh khi thiu st. Rt mong c s gp ca cc thy c v cc bn c v ti
ny.
III
Mc lc
Li m u..........................................................................................................................I
Mc lc............................................................................................................................IV
Danh mc cc t vit tt.................................................................................................VII
Danh mc Hnh.................................................................................................................X
Danh mc Bng.............................................................................................................XIV
Chng 1: Tng quan v IMS trn nn NGN.....................................................................1
1.2 i nt v qu trnh chun ha IMS.....................................................................3
Chng 2: Kin trc phn h IMS.....................................................................................7
2.1 Lp ng dng..........................................................................................................7
2.2.1 Chc nng iu khin cuc gi CSCF..............................................................9
2.3 Lp truyn ti .......................................................................................................19
2.3.4 Giao tip vi mng IP..................................................................................24
2.3.4.1 NASS........................................................................................................24
Chng 3: Mt s th tc trong mng IMS......................................................................25
3.1 Th tc lin quan n qu trnh ng k ................................................................26
3.1.1 Th tc ng k...............................................................................................26
3.1.2 Th tc ng k li..........................................................................................28
3.1.3 Th tc xa ng k....................................................................................29
3.1.3.1 Th tc xa ng k khi to bi UE.......................................................29
3.1.3.2 Xa ng k khi to bi nh khai thc mng..........................................31
3.2 Th tc thit lp phin............................................................................................35
3.2.1 Th tc thit lp phin gia thu bao thuc hai mng IMS.............................35
IV
3.2.2 Th tc thit lp phin gia thu bao thuc mng IMS v mng PSTN..........38
Chng 4: Cc giao thc chnh s dng trong phn h IMS............................................41
4.1.1 Tng quan v giao thc SIP.............................................................................41
4.1.2 Cu trc SIP.....................................................................................................41
4.1.2.1 Server.......................................................................................................41
4.1.3 Bn tin SIP......................................................................................................43
4.2 Giao thc Diameter ..............................................................................................44
4.2.1 Tng quan v giao thc Diameter....................................................................44
4.2.2 Cu trc giao thc Diameter............................................................................45
4.2.2.1 Diameter Relay Agent..............................................................................45
Hnh4.3 Diameter Proxy Agent nh tuyn cc bn tin da vo bng nh tuyn. . .46
4.2.2.4 Diameter Translation Agent......................................................................48
4.2.3.2 Cu trc AVP..........................................................................................50
Hnh 4.8 Cu trc AVP............................................................................................50
4.2.4 Bo mt trong bn tin Diameter......................................................................51
4.3 COPS Giao thc COPS.........................................................................................53
4.3.1 Tng quan v giao thc COPS.....................................................................53
4.3.2 Chc nng chnh ca COPS............................................................................55
4.4 Giao thc MEGACO/H. 248.................................................................................59
Chng 5: Cc bc tin ln xy dng IMS....................................................................66
5.1 Gii thiu chuyn mch mm (softswitch).............................................................66
5.2 So snh IMS v softswitch...................................................................................66
5.3 Cc giai on cn thit chuyn sang mng NGN s dng IMS........................67
5.3.1 i vi mng c nh......................................................................................68
V
5.3.2 Phng n pht trin mng di ng ................................................................69

Chng 6: DEMO............................................................................................................71
6.1 M hnh m phng NGN........................................................................................71
6.2.1 Gii thiu.........................................................................................................72
6.3.2 Cch xy dng ims core .................................................................................78
6.4.3 kt qu t c..............................................................................................91
Chng 7: Tng kt v hng pht trin..........................................................................94
Ti liu tham kho............................................................................................................96
VI
Danh mc cc t vit tt
T vit tt
ADSL
A-RACF
A-RACF
AVP
BGCF
BICC
BSC
CCF
CGI
COPS
CPL
CS
DHCP
DNS
EAP
ETSI
FQDN
FTTH
GGSN
GPRS
GSM
HSS
HTTP
IANA
ICID
IETF
IMSI
ISDN
LPDP
MCC
MG
MGC
MGCF
MGW
MINE
MMS
Ting Anh
Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line
Access Resource and admission Control Function
Access Resource and admission Control Function
Attribute Value Pairs
Breakout gateway control function
Bearer Independent Call Control
Base Station Controller
Charging Collection Function
Common Gateway Interface
Common Open Policy Services
Call Processing Language
Circuit Switching
Dynamic Host Conguration Protocol
Domain Name System
Extensible Authentication Protocol
European Telecommunication Standards Institute
Fully qualified domain name
Fiber To The Home
Gateway GPRS Support Node
General Packet Radio Service
Global System for Mobile communications
Home Subscriber Server
Hypertext Transfer Protocol
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
IMS Charging ID
Internet Engineering Task Force
International Mobile Subscriber Identier
Integrated Services Digital Network
Local Policy Decision Point
Mobile Country Code
Media gateway
Media gateway controller
Media gateway control function
Media gateway
Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension
Multimedia Message Service
VII
MNC
MRFC
MRFP
MSC
MSC
MSIN
NASREQ
NASS
NASS
NMSI
OCF
OMA
OSP
PBN
PDF
PDP
PEP
PoC
PS
PSTN
RACS
RACS
RADIUS
R-SGW
RSVP
RTP
RTSP
RUAM
SAP
SBC
SBLP
SCIP
SCTP
SDP
SGSN
SGW
SIP
SLF
SNTP
S-PDF
S-PDF
Mobile Network Code

Multimedia Resource Function Controller
Media Resource Function Processor
Mobile Switching Centre
Mobile Switching Center
Mobile Subscriber Identification Number
Network Access Server Application
Network Attachment Subsystem
Network Attachment Subsystem
National Mobile Station Identity
Online Charging Function
Open Mobile Alliance
Open Settlement Protocol
Packet Based Network
Policy Decision Function
Packet Data Protocol
Policy enforcement point
Push-to-Talk over Cellular
Packet Switched
Public Switched Telephone Network
Resource Admission Control Functionality
Resource and Admission Control Functionality
Remote Authentication Dial In User Service
Roaming Signaling Gateway
Resource Reservation Protocol
Realtime Transport Protocol
Real Time Streaming Protocol
Remote UAM
Session Advertisement Protocol
Session Border Controller
Service Based Local Policy
Simple Conference Invitation Protocol
Stream Control Transmission Protocol
Session Description Protocol
Signaling GPRS support nt
Signaling gateway
Session Initial Protocol
Subscription Locator Function
Simple Network Time Protocol
Serving Policy Decision Function
Serving Policy Decision Function
VIII
TACACS
TCP
TG
TISPAN
Terminal Access Controller Access Control System

Transmission Control Protocol
Trungking Gateway
Telecoms and Internet converged Services and Protocols for
TLS
T-SGW
UA
UAC
UAM
UAS
UE
UICC
URL
USIM
VCC
VoIP
XML
Advanced Networking
Transport layer Security
Transport Singnalling Gateway
User Agent
User Agent Client
User Access Mode
User Agent Server
User Equipment
Universal Integrated Circuit Card
Universal Resource Locator
Universal Subscriber Identity Module
Voice Call Continuity
Voice over Internet Protocol
Extensible Markup Language
IX
Danh mc Hnh
Li m u..........................................................................................................................I
Mc lc............................................................................................................................IV
Li m u I....................................................................................................................IV
Mc lc IV.......................................................................................................................IV
Danh mc cc t vit tt VII............................................................................................IV
Danh mc Hnh X............................................................................................................IV
Danh mc Bng XIV........................................................................................................IV
Chng 1: Tng quan v IMS trn nn NGN 1...............................................................IV
Chng 2: Kin trc phn h IMS 7................................................................................IV
Chng 3: Mt s th tc trong mng IMS 25.................................................................IV
Chng 4: Cc giao thc chnh s dng trong phn h IMS 41........................................V
Chng 5: Cc bc tin ln xy dng IMS 66................................................................V
Chng 6: DEMO 71.......................................................................................................VI
Chng 7: Tng kt v hng pht trin 94.....................................................................VI
Ti liu tham kho 96.......................................................................................................VI
Danh mc Hnh.................................................................................................................X
Danh mc Bng..............................................................................................................XV
Li m u I...................................................................................................................XV
Mc lc IV.....................................................................................................................XV
Danh mc cc t vit tt VII...........................................................................................XV
Danh mc Hnh X...........................................................................................................XV
Danh mc Bng XIV.....................................................................................................XVI
X
Chng 1: Tng quan v IMS trn nn NGN 1.............................................................XVI

Chng 2: Kin trc phn h IMS 7.............................................................................XVI
Chng 3: Mt s th tc trong mng IMS 25..............................................................XVI
Chng 4: Cc giao thc chnh s dng trong phn h IMS 41....................................XVI
Chng 5: Cc bc tin ln xy dng IMS 66...........................................................XVII
Chng 6: DEMO 71.................................................................................................XVIII
Chng 7: Tng kt v hng pht trin 94...............................................................XVIII
Ti liu tham kho 96.................................................................................................XVIII
Hnh 1.1: S hi t mng...................................................................................................2
Hnh 1.2: V tr IMS trong NGN........................................................................................6
2.1 Lp ng dng..........................................................................................................7
Hnh 2.2: ng k c yu cu bo mt.............................................................................10
Hnh 2.3: M t vai tr nh tuyn ca S-CSCF...............................................................13
2.3 Lp truyn ti .......................................................................................................19
Hnh 2.6: Qu trnh thit lp cuc gi t mng IMS ra mng CS CN v ngc li..........23
2.3.4 Giao tip vi mng IP..................................................................................24
2.3.4.1 NASS........................................................................................................24
3.1.1 Th tc ng k...............................................................................................26
Hnh 3.1: Th tc ng k................................................................................................26
Bng 3.1: Tm tt trng thi cc khi trong th tc ng k............................................27
XI
3.1.2 Th tc ng k li..........................................................................................28
3.1.3 Th tc xa ng k....................................................................................29
Hnh 3.2: Th tc xa ng k thc hin bi UE.............................................................29
Hnh 3.3: Th tc xa ng k khi ht thi gian ng k.................................................32
Hnh 3.4: Th tc xa ng k khi to bi HSS.............................................................34
Hnh 3.5: Th tc xa ng k thc hin bi S-CSCF.....................................................35
3.2 Th tc thit lp phin............................................................................................35
Hnh 3.7: Cc bc thit lp cuc gi gia UE (IMS) v UE (PSTN).............................40
4.1.2 Cu trc SIP.....................................................................................................41
4.1.2.1 Server.......................................................................................................41
Hnh 4.1: Cu trc SIP.....................................................................................................42
4.1.3 Bn tin SIP......................................................................................................43
Bng 4.1: Bn tin yu cu SIP..........................................................................................43
Bng 4.2: Bn tin p ng SIP.........................................................................................43
XII

4.2.3.2 Cu trc AVP..........................................................................................50
Hnh 4.8 Cu trc AVP............................................................................................50
4.2.3.2.1 AVP Header................................................................................................................50

Hnh 4.10: Li ng dng trong giao thc Diameter.........................................................53
Bng 4.3: Bn tin p ng trong trng hp c li xy ra...............................................53
Hnh 4.11: M hnh COPS...............................................................................................55
Hnh 4.12: COPS header..................................................................................................56
Bng 4.4: Cc loi Op code trong COPS header..............................................................56
Hnh 4.13: Object format ca bn tin COPS....................................................................58
Bng 4.5: Trng C-Num trong Object format ca bn tin COPS.............................................58
4.4 Giao thc MEGACO/H. 248.................................................................................59

Hnh 4.14: MEGACO/H.248 kt ni iu khin Gateway..............................................60
Hnh 4.15: Cu trc Gateway trong Megaco/H.248.........................................................61
Hnh 4.16: Lung giao thc ca MEGACO/H248...........................................................65
XIII
5.3.1 i vi mng c nh......................................................................................68

Hnh 5.1: M hnh mng hi t vi hai vng IMS (c nh v di ng)...........................71
Chng 6: DEMO............................................................................................................71
6.1 M hnh m phng NGN........................................................................................71
Hnh 6.1: M hnh m phng mng NGN........................................................................72
6.2.1 Gii thiu.........................................................................................................72
Hnh 6.2: M hnh IPTV..................................................................................................74
Hnh 6.3: Giao din web ca DSS....................................................................................77
Hnh 6.8: Giao din hot ng ca P-CSCF.....................................................................82
Hnh 6.9: Giao din hot ng ca I-CSCF......................................................................83
Hnh 6.10: Giao din hot ng ca S-CSCF...................................................................84
Hnh 6.13: Giao din ca trnh Option v IPtv trong UCT IMS client.............................88
Hnh 6.15: Giao din cu hnh Preferences: tab Media v XDMS...................................90
6.4.3 kt qu t c..............................................................................................91
Hnh 6.16: Giao din ca UCT client khi Bob ng k...............................................91
Hnh 6.17: Giao din UCT IMS Client khi Alice gi Bob................................................92
Hnh 6.18: Giao din gi tin nhn trong UCT IMS Client...............................................92
Hnh 6.19: giao din VLC khi client s dng dch v VoD..............................................93
Hnh 6.20: Giao din DSS khi c ngi dng kt ni.....................................................93
Ti liu tham kho............................................................................................................96
XIV
Danh mc Bng
Li m u..........................................................................................................................I
Mc lc............................................................................................................................IV
Li m u I....................................................................................................................IV
Mc lc IV.......................................................................................................................IV
Danh mc cc t vit tt VII............................................................................................IV
Danh mc Hnh X............................................................................................................IV
Danh mc Bng XIV........................................................................................................IV
Chng 1: Tng quan v IMS trn nn NGN 1...............................................................IV
Chng 2: Kin trc phn h IMS 7................................................................................IV
Chng 3: Mt s th tc trong mng IMS 25.................................................................IV
Chng 4: Cc giao thc chnh s dng trong phn h IMS 41........................................V
Chng 5: Cc bc tin ln xy dng IMS 66................................................................V
Chng 6: DEMO 71.......................................................................................................VI
Chng 7: Tng kt v hng pht trin 94.....................................................................VI
Ti liu tham kho 96.......................................................................................................VI
Danh mc Hnh.................................................................................................................X
Li m u I......................................................................................................................X
Mc lc IV........................................................................................................................X
Danh mc cc t vit tt VII.............................................................................................X
Danh mc Hnh X.............................................................................................................X
Danh mc Bng XV..........................................................................................................X
Chng 1: Tng quan v IMS trn nn NGN 1...............................................................XI
Chng 2: Kin trc phn h IMS 7................................................................................XI
Chng 3: Mt s th tc trong mng IMS 25.................................................................XI
Chng 4: Cc giao thc chnh s dng trong phn h IMS 41.....................................XII
Chng 5: Cc bc tin ln xy dng IMS 66............................................................XIII
XV
Chng 6: DEMO 71....................................................................................................XIV

Chng 7: Tng kt v hng pht trin 94..................................................................XIV
Ti liu tham kho 96....................................................................................................XIV
Danh mc Bng..............................................................................................................XV
2.1 Lp ng dng..........................................................................................................7
2.3 Lp truyn ti .......................................................................................................19
2.3.4 Giao tip vi mng IP..................................................................................24
2.3.4.1 NASS........................................................................................................24
3.1.1 Th tc ng k...............................................................................................26
Bng 3.1: Tm tt trng thi cc khi trong th tc ng k............................................27
3.1.2 Th tc ng k li..........................................................................................28
3.1.3 Th tc xa ng k....................................................................................29
3.2 Th tc thit lp phin............................................................................................35
XVI
4.1.2 Cu trc SIP.....................................................................................................41

4.1.2.1 Server.......................................................................................................41
4.1.3 Bn tin SIP......................................................................................................43
Bng 4.1: Bn tin yu cu SIP..........................................................................................43
Bng 4.2: Bn tin p ng SIP.........................................................................................43
4.2.3.2 Cu trc AVP..........................................................................................50
Hnh 4.8 Cu trc AVP............................................................................................50
4.2.3.2.1 AVP Header................................................................................................................50

Bng 4.3: Bn tin p ng trong trng hp c li xy ra...............................................53
Bng 4.4: Cc loi Op code trong COPS header..............................................................56
Bng 4.5: Trng C-Num trong Object format ca bn tin COPS.............................................58
4.4 Giao thc MEGACO/H. 248.................................................................................59

XVII

5.3.1 i vi mng c nh......................................................................................68
Chng 6: DEMO............................................................................................................71
6.1 M hnh m phng NGN........................................................................................71
6.2.1 Gii thiu.........................................................................................................72
6.4.3 kt qu t c..............................................................................................91
Ti liu tham kho............................................................................................................96
XVIII
Chng 1: Tng quan v IMS trn nn NGN

1.1 s ra i ca ims
Trong nhng thp k gn y, cc mng c nh v di ng v ang c mt s chuyn
i ln, ng vai tr khng th thiu trong cuc sng con ngi. Trong lnh vc di ng,
th h u tin (1G) c gii thiu vo thp nin 1980. Cc mng ny cung cp cc
dch v c bn cho ngi dng, quan trng nht l truyn thoi v dch v lin quan n
truyn thoi. Khng lu sau , th h di ng th 2 (2G) c ra i vo nhng nm
1990 b sung thm mt s dch v v d liu. Th h di ng th 3 (3G) cho php tc
truyn d liu cao hn v cung cp cc dch v a phng tin. Trong lnh vc in thoi
c nh, mng in thoi truyn thng PSTN v mng dch v s tch hp ISDN chim
lnh th trng v thoi v truyn thng video. V trong nhng nm gn y, Internet
v ang pht trin nhanh chng v ngy cng nhiu ngi dng thy c li ch ca
cng ngh ny. Tc truy cp Internet ngy cng nhanh hn, mnh hn v gi thnh
thp hn vi cc dch v nh: ADSL, FTTH, IPTV Cc kt ni ny lun c m
bo thng sut, gip ngi dng c th s dng cc dch v yu cu thi gian thc nh
chat, chi game trc tuyn, VoIP,.
Ti thi im hin ti, s hi t gia mng di ng v mng c nh l mt xu th tt yu.
Nhu cu s dng cng nh s pht trin vt bc ca cng ngh thc y s gia tng
nhanh chng ca cc thit b di ng c tch hp nhiu tnh nng tin tin. Th h tip
sau ca nhiu thit b khng ch p ng cc nhu cu client-server c bn, m cn cc
dch v peer-to-peer, thun li cho vic chia s cc kt ni nh trnh duyt, desktop, hi
ngh truyn hnh, tr chuyn hai chiu nh b m.
c th truyn thng vi nhau, cc ng dng trn nn IP phi c mt c ch t
c s ph hp vi h thng mng hin c. Hin ti, mng in thoi ch thc hin c
kt ni thoi. Tng t, i vi mng IP, phn ln cc phin c thit lp ch to kt
ni gia hai im s dng ring cho mng IP. iu ny dn n tnh trng cc nh cung
1
cp dch v v khai thc mng to ra mt mi trng c lp, cc dch v n l, khng c

tnh cnh tranh v nht l ngi dng khng th ng thi s dng cc dch v khc nhau
t cc nh khai thc khc nhau trn mt thit b. Thm vo , cc mng truyn ti d
liu khng cn thi gian thc c s dng ch yu trong th h Internet u tin th
ngy nay cc dch v thi gian thc (hoc gn thc) vi cht lng dch v QoS cao ngy
cng c pht trin rng ri. Hn na, ngi dng trong tng lai mong mun c cc
dch v a phng tin cht lng cao, mang tnh c nhn, c kh nng tng tc thi
gian thc mi lc mi ni trn mi thit b s dng. iu ny t ra nhng yu cu mi
cho kin trc h tng mng vin thng. Trong bi cnh , IMS c xem nh l mt
gii php ha hn tha mn c cc yu cu v hi t, tch hp cc dch v trn mt
kt ni cho mt th h mng tng lai.
Hnh 1.1: S hi t mng

IMS l mt kin trc mng nhm to s thun tin cho vic pht trin v phn phi cc
dch v a phng tin n ngi dng, bt k l h ang kt ni thng qua mng truy
2
nhp no. IMS h tr nhiu phng thc truy nhp nh GSM, UMTS, CDMA2000, truy
nhp hu tuyn bng rng nh cp xDSL, cp quang, cp truyn hnh, cng nh truy
nhp v tuyn bng rng WLAN, WiMAX. IMS to iu kin cho cc h thng mng
khc nhau c th vn hnh cng vi nhau. IMS v ang c tp trung nghin cu v
ngy cng thu ht c nhiu s quan tm ln ca cc nh khai thc bi v li ch m n
mang li cho c nh cung cp dch v ln ngi s dng.
1.2 i nt v qu trnh chun ha IMS
IMS c nh hnh v pht trin bi din n cng nghip 3GPP, thnh lp nm 1999.
Kin trc ban u ca IMS c xy dng bi 3GPP v sau c chun ha bi
3GPP trong Release 5 cng b thng 3 nm 2003. Trong phin bn u tin ny, mc
ch ca IMS l to thun li cho vic pht trin v trin khai dch v mi trn mng
thng tin di ng.Tip n, t chc chun ha 3GPP2 xy dng h thng CDMA2000
Multimedia Domain (MMD) nhm h tr cc dch v a phng tin trong mng
CDMA2000 da trn nn 3GPP IMS.Trong Release 6 ca 3GPP IMS, cng vi khuynh
hng tch hp gia mng t bo v mng WLAN, mng truy nhp WLAN c a
vo nh mt mng truy nhp bn cnh mng truy nhp t bo.
IMS khi u nh mt chun cho mng v tuyn. Tuy nhin, cng ng mng hu tuyn,
trong qu trnh tm kim mt chun thng nht, sm nhn thy th mnh ca IMS cho
truyn thng hu tuyn. Khi ETSI m rng chun IMS thnh mt phn ca kin
trc mng th h tip theo NGN m h ang xy dng. T chc chun ha TISPAN trc
thuc ETSI, vi mc ch hi t mng thng tin di ng v Internet, chun ha IMS
nh mt h thng con ca NGN. Kt hp vi TISPAN, trong Release 7 ca IMS, vic
cung cp dch v IMS qua mng c nh c b sung. Nm 2005, phin bn Release
1 ca TISPAN v NGN c coi nh mt s khi u cho hi t c nh-di ng trong
IMS. Gn y, 3GPP v TISPAN c c mt tha thun cho ra phin bn Release
8 ca IMS vi mt kin trc IMS chung, c th h tr cc kt ni c nh v cc dch v
nh IPTV.
3
a phn cc giao thc s dng trong IMS c chun ha bi IETF, in hnh nht l
giao thc khi to phin SIP. Rt nhiu cc pht trin v ci tin ca SIP ra i h tr
cc chc nng theo yu cu ca h thng IMS c ngh v chun ha bi IETF
nh SIP h tr tnh cc, bo mt v.v Bn cnh IETF v TISPAN, mt t chc chun
ha khc m 3GPP hp tc cht ch trong vic pht trin IMS l Lin minh di ng m
OMA nhm pht trin cc dch v trn nn IMS. Mt trong nhng dch v do OMA pht
trin l Push-to-Talk over Cellular (PoC) hay OMA SIMPLE Instant Messaging.
1.3 Li ch ca vic s dng IMS
Mt trong nhng mc ch u tin ca IMS l gip cho vic qun l mng tr nn d
dng hn bng cch tch bit chc nng iu khin v chc nng vn ti thng tin. Mt
cch c th, IMS phn phi dch v trn h tng chuyn mch gi, IMS cho php chuyn
dn t mng chuyn mch mch sang chuyn mch gi trn nn IP, to thun li cho vic
qun l mng thng tin di ng. Vic kt ni gia mng c nh v di ng gp phn
vo tin trnh hi t mng vin thng trong tng lai. IMS cho php ngi dng c th s
dng mt hay nhiu loi thit b khc nhau, di chuyn t mng ny sang mng khc m
vn c th s dng cng mt dch v.
Kin trc IMS cung cp nhiu dch v gia tng cho nh cung cp mng, ngi pht trin
ng dng, ngi cung cp dch v cng nh ngi s dng cc thit b u cui. Kin
trc IMS gip cc dch v mi c trin khai mt cch nhanh chng vi chi ph thp.
IMS cung cp kh nng tnh cc phc tp hn nhiu so vi h thng ti khon tr trc
hay tr sau, v d nh vic tnh cc theo tng dch v s dng hay phn chia cc gia
cc nh cung cp dch v v nh cung cp mng. Ngi s dng s nhn mt bng tnh
cc ph duy nht t mt nh cung cp mng. IMS ha hn mang n nhiu dch v a
phng tin theo yu cu v s thch ca ngi dng.
Vi IMS, nh cung cp mng s khng ch lm cng tc truyn ti thng tin mt cch
n thun m tr thnh tm im trong vic phn phi dung lng thng tin trong mng,
ng vai tr quan trng trong vic m bo cht lng dch v cng nh kp thi thay i
p ng cc yu cu khc nhau ca ngi dng.
4
Tm li, IMS to thun li cho cc nh cung cp dch v trong vic xy dng v trin
khai cc ng dng mi, gip nh cung cp mng gim chi ph trin khai, vn hnh v
qun l.
1.4 M hnh phn lp ca mng NGN
Cu trc lun l ca NGN c chia thnh 4 lp chc nng l: lp truy nhp, lp truyn
ti, lp iu khin, lp dch v v qun l.
Lp truy nhp
Cung cp cc kt ni gia thu bao u cui v mng ng trc qua cng giao tip
MGW thch hp. Mng NGN kt ni vi hu ht cc thit b u cui chun v khng
chun nh cc thit b truy xut a dch v, in thoi IP, my tnh, tng i ni b PBX,
in thoi POTS, in thoi s ISDN, di ng v tuyn, di ng v tinh, v tuyn c
nh, VoDSL, VoIP,
Lp truyn dn
H thng truyn dn ca mng NGN thc hin chc nng nh tuyn, truyn ti cc lung
thng tin trong mng di s iu khin ca cc thit b thuc lp iu khin. Lp truyn
dn ca mng vin thng th h mi phi c tc truyn ti cao, bng thng ln p
ng cho vic truyn ti thng tin yu cu thi gian thc, dung lng ln.
Lp iu khin
Lp iu khin thc hin gim st, sa i, v gii phng cc phin giao dch, ghi li cc
thng s ca cuc kt ni cung cp thng tin cho vic x l tnh cc. Lp ny da
trn cc thng tin v cc tn hiu nhn c t lp truy nhp xc nh cc thng s cn
thit v dch v iu khin ti nguyn cho ph hp.
Lp iu khin c chc nng iu khin cc phin giao dch trong mt mng hi t dch
v v cng ngh nn n phi c kh nng h tr phn ln cc giao thc khc nhau
tng tn ti trong cc mng chuyn mch trc y v cc giao thc ang c s dng.
Bn cnh i hi n phi c kh nng cung cp cc dch c bn, dch v thng minh,
cc dch v b sung, Hn na, h thng cn c kh nng x l v lu tr khi lng
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ln c s d liu v mng NGN l mng nhiu ngi dng vi nhiu loi hnh dch v
khc nhau.
Lp ng dng v qun l dch v
Lp ng dng v dch v cung cp cc dch v c bng thng khc nhau, nhiu hnh
thc nh: thoi, fax, internet, dch v a phng tin, cc tr chi trc tuyn yu cu thi
gian thc, dch v truyn s liu, v cc dch v gi tr gia tng,. . Lp ny lin kt vi
lp iu khin thng qua cc giao din c chun ha. Chnh v vy m vic cp nht,
to mi v trin khai ng dng, dch v mng tr nn v cng nhanh chng v hiu qu.
Lp ny c th thc thi vic iu khin nhng thnh phn c bit nh Media Server,
mt thit b c bit n vi tp cc chc nng nh: Conferencing, x l Tone,.
Hnh 1.2: V tr IMS trong NGN
Chng 2: Kin trc phn h IMS

Chng ny gii thiu cu trc, chc nng ca nhng thc th trong mt phn h IMS v
mi quan h gia chng. Mi thc th c trnh by trc quan theo m hnh phn lp
NGN. Lp ng dng gm my ch ng dng v HSS, y chnh l c s d liu v dch
v v ngi dng ca ton h thng. Lp iu khin gm cc thnh phn qun l cuc
gi v qun l ti nguyn. Lp ny ng vai tr quan trng trong phn h IMS dng
iu khin, thit lp phin. Lp truyn ti th hin mi quan h gia phn h IMS v cc
h thng hin c nh PSTN, UMTS, GSM, mng IP.
2.1 Lp ng dng
2.1.1 My ch ng dng
My ch ng dng (AS) l ni cha ng v vn hnh cc dch v IMS. AS tng tc
vi S-CSCF thng qua giao thc SIP cung cp dch v n ngi dng. My ch
VCC, ang c pht trin v chun ha bi 3GPP, l mt v d v my ch ng dng
AS. AS c th thuc mng thng tr hay thuc mt mng th ba no . Nu AS l mt
phn ca mng thng tr, n c th giao tip trc tip vi HSS thng qua giao thc
DIAMETER cp nht thng tin v h s ngi dng. AS c th cung cp cc dch v
nh qun l s hin din ca ngi dng trn mng, qun l qu trnh hi ngh truyn
hnh, tnh cc trc tuyn,
2.1.2 C s d liu
2.1.2.1 HSS
My ch qun l thu bao thng tr HSS c th xem nh l mt ci tin ca b ng k
nh v thng tr HLR v AuC trong mng GSM. HSS l mt c s d liu lu tr
thng tin ca tt c thu bao v nhng thng tin dch v lin quan n thu bao. N cha
ng cc thng tin nh nhn dng ngi dng, tn ca S-CSCF gn cho ngi dng, h
s chuyn vng, thng s chng thc cng nh thng tin v dch v thu bao. Thng tin
nhn dng ngi dng gm kha nhn dng ring v kha nhn dng chung. Kha nhn
dng ring c to ra bi nh khai thc mng v c dng vi mc ch ng k v
7
chng thc. Kha nhn dng ngi dng chung c s dng truyn thng gia cc
ngi dng. HSS cng p ng a ch mt S-CSCF nu c yu cu trong th tc ng
k. Hn na, HSS cn thc hin nhng chnh sch h thng nh lu tr thng tin hoc
xa thng tin nhng UE khng hp l.
HSS phi h tr nhng thnh phn ca min PS nh SGSN v GGSN. iu ny gip cc
thu bao ca IMS c th s dng dch v ca min PS v ngc li. Tng t, do HSS
ng vai tr nh HLR nn cng h tr cc thnh phn ca min CS nh MSC, BSC. iu
ny cho php cc thu bao IMS c th truy cp n cc dch v ca min CS v h tr
chuyn vng trn ton h thng GSM/UMTS. Nh mt AuC, HSS lu tr kha b mt
ca mi thu bao, ci ny dng chng thc khi ng k vo mng v m ha d liu
cho mi thu bao di ng. Ty thuc vo s lng thu bao m c th c nhiu HSS
trong mt mng IMS. HSS tip xc vi CSCF thng qua im tham chiu Cx v tip xc
vi AS thng qua im tham chiu Sh.
2.1.2.2 SLF
Trong trng hp c nhiu HSS trong cng mt mng, chc nng nh v SLF s c
thit lp nhm xc nh HSS no ang cha h s ca ngi dng tng ng.
Hnh 2.1: SLF ch nh HSS ph hp
tm c a ch ca HSS, I-CSCF hoc S-CSCF phi gi n SLF bn tin yu cu

LIR. Hnh trn m t qu trnh tm ra a ch HSS ph hp khi I-CSCF nhn c bn tin
INVITE trong trng hp mng c ba HSS.
2.2 Lp iu khin
2.2.1 Chc nng iu khin cuc gi CSCF
CSCF c 3 loi: Proxy-CSCF (P-CSCF), Serving-CSCF (S-CSCF) v InterrogatingCSCF (I-CSCF). Mi CSCF c chc nng ring. Chc nng chung ca CSCF l tham gia
trong sut qu trnh ng k v thit lp phin gia cc thc th IMS. Hn na, nhng
thnh phn ny cn c chc nng gi d liu tnh cc n Server tnh cc. C mt vi
chc nng chung gia P-CSCF v S-CSCF trong hot ng l c hai c th i din cho
user kt thc phin v c th kim tra ni dung ca bn tin trong giao thc SDP.
2.2.1.1 P-CSCF
P-CSCF l im tip xc u tin gia UE vi mng IMS, ng vai tr nh mt SIP
proxy server. Tt c nhng tn hiu SIP c gi gia mng IMS v UE u i qua PCSCF. Do , nhim v chnh ca P-CSCF l chuyn tip bn tin SIP da vo tn
domain. Ngoi ra, P-CSCF cn thc hin: nn bn tin SIP, bo mt, tch hp PDF, tham
gia vo qu trnh tnh cc, v xc nh phin khn cp.
Nn bn tin SIP
SIP l giao thc bo hiu da trn text nn dung lng bn tin ln hn rt nhiu so vi
bn tin c m ha nh phn. V th, tng tc thit lp phin, 3GPP da ra cch
thc nn bn tin SIP gia UE vi P-CSCF trong RFC3486. P-CSCF cn phi nn bn tin
nu UE xc nh rng mun nhn bn tin c nn.
Thng s th hin yu cu nn c nh ngha nh l mt tham s SIP URI v c t
trong trng tn l comp. Hin nay ch c mt gi tr c nh ngha cho tham s ny
l sigComp. Khi mt thc th SIP gi bn tin n mt thc th khc m trong SIP URI
cha thng s comp=SigComp th bn tin s c nn.
V d: sip:abc@yahoo. com;comp=sigcomp
9
Bo mt
P-CSCF c vai tr chnh trong s lin kt bo mt v p dng s bo v m bo ton
vn v ring t cho tn hiu SIP. iu t c trong sut qu trnh ng k SIP khi
UE v P-CSCF thng lng IPSec. Sau ln ng k u tin, P-CSCF c th p dng
vic bo v ton vn v ring t cho bn tin SIP.
Trong ln ng k u tin, nu chnh sch mng IMS a ra yu cu bo mt th bn tin
REGISTER khng c bo mt s b P-CSCF gi bn tin 401Unauthorized t chi ng
k. UE s tip tc gi bn tin REGISTER c cha thng tin v bo mt. Khi , UE v PCSCF s thng lng vi nhau v chn thut ton m ha dng m ha phin, qu
trnh c hon tt khi UE nhn c p ng 200 OK.
Hnh 2.2: ng k c yu cu bo mt
Khi 2 bn trao i cc bn tin vi nhau, mt thut ton m ha s c s dng m
ha cc bn tin m ch 2 bn mi c th gii m c. Trong trng hp ny, UE s
khng s dng port mc nh 5060/5061 trao i d liu vi P-CSCF na, m s dng
mt port m 2 bn thng lng.
Xc nh phin khn cp
n thi im hin ti, phin khn cp cha c xc nh y trong IMS. Phin khn
cp c nh ngha ty thuc vo chnh sch ca nh khai thc mng. Mt s phin khn
10
cp c nh ngha ti P-CSCF. Khi nhn c yu cu phin khn cp th P-CSCF c

th ch nh mt S-CSCF bt k x l phin ny. iu ny rt cn thit nht l lc UE
chuyn vng.
P-CSCF tch hp PDF v tham gia vo qu trnh tnh cc
P-CSCF cn tch hp chc nng quyt nh chnh sch PDF. PDF cp giy php s dng
ti nguyn cho ngi dng, qun l v m bo QoS cho cc dch v a phng tin. PCSCF ng thi to ra cc thng tin tnh cc gi n cc khi tnh cc ph hp.
2.2.1.2 I-CSCF
I-CSCF l im giao tip gia cc thu bao IMS trong vng phc v ca cng mt nh
khai thc mng, hoc vi cc thu bao thuc cc nh khai thc mng khc. Trong mt
mng c th c nhiu I-CSCF. I-CSCF c xem nh mt SIP Proxy v t ng bin
ca mng IMS, I-CSCF c bn chc nng chnh l:
Lin lc vi HSS bit thng tin ca chng tip theo khi nhn c yu cu t
UE.
Xc nh S-CSCF cho UE khi nhn thng tin v UE t HSS, s xc nh S-CSCF
thc hin khi UE ng k hoc xa ng k.
nh tuyn yu cu SIP nhn c t mng khc ti S-CSCF hoc mt server ng
dng.
Cung cp chc nng n cu hnh mng (THIG): nh khai thc c th s dng chc
nng cng lin mng n cu hnh trong I-CSCF hoc k thut khc n cu hnh,
kh nng v cu trc ca mng khi cc mng ngoi. Nu nh khai thc mun n
cu hnh th nh khai thc phi t chc nng n cu hnh mng trn ng nh
tuyn khi nhn hoc gi yu cu hay p ng t mt mng IMS khc. THIG thc
hin vic m ha v gii m tt c cc header lin quan n thng tin v cu trc
ca nh khai thc mng IMS. Khi mt mng thc hin vic n cu hnh mng th
vic lin lc vi mng khc phi thng qua I-CSCF (nu mng IMS khng thc
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hin vic n cu hnh mng th khi c s lin lc vi mng khc, yu cu kt ni t

mng s c a thng ti S-CSCF m khng thng qua I-CSCF)
2.2.1.3 S-CSCF
S-CSCF l thnh phn quan trng ca IMS v n chu trch nhim thc hin qu trnh
ng k, quyt nh nh tuyn, duy tr tnh trng phin v lu tr h s thng tin v dch
v cho ngi dng. S-CSCF thc hin dch v iu khin phin cho UE. S-CSCF thc
hin cc chc nng nh sau:
ng k
S-CSCF c th x l nh mt SIP Registrar server, S-CSCF tip nhn yu cu ng k v
thit lp thng tin kh dng ca UE khi truy vn HSS. Khi UE thc hin ng k th yu
cu ca n c nh tuyn ti S-CSCF, lc S-CSCF da trn thng tin chng thc t
HSS a ra nhng yu cu kim tra I-CSCF. Sau khi nhn c p ng v kim
tra li, S-CSCF chp nhn s ng k v bt u phc v cho phin ng k ny. Sau th
tc ny thng tin UE c khi to v nhn cc dch v IMS.
Phn phi cc dch v cho UE v tham gia vo qu trnh tnh ph
H s v dch v ca UE c HSS a xung S-CSCF khi UE ng k vo mng IMS.
S-CSCF s dng thng tin ny phn phi dch v ph hp cho UE khi c yu cu.
Hn na, S-CSCF cn phi p dng cc loi chnh sch truyn dn trong h s dch v
ca UE, v d nh UE ny ch s dng thoi v m khng s dng video,
nh tuyn
S-CSCF c th x l nh mt Proxy Server, n tip nhn cc yu cu v p ng ngay lp
tc nu bn tip nhn yu cu cng mng nh khai thc vi bn gi yu cu hoc gi
chng i nu bn tip nhn yu cu kt ni thuc h thng mng khc.
Khi S-CSCF nhn yu cu ca UE khi to thng qua P-CSCF th n phi quyt nh
nhng AS ph hp cho UE. Sau khi tng tc vi AS th S-CSCF tip tc x l phin kt
ni ca UE trong mng IMS hoc ti mng khc. Hn na, nu UE s dng MSISDN
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lm a ch cho cuc gi th S-CSCF s chuyn i s MSISDN thnh a ch SIP ri sau

mi chuyn tip cc yu cu ca UE.
S-CSCF c th x l nh mt UA
N c th khi to yu cu hoc kt thc phin m khng ph thuc vo phin giao dch
SIP. Bn cnh , n cn cung cp cc thng tin lin quan cho cc im u cui (nh
thng bo tnh ph, kiu chung, )
Hnh 2.3: M t vai tr nh tuyn ca S-CSCF

2.2.2 Chc nng a phng tin MRF
MRF c phn thnh b iu khin chc nng ti nguyn a phng tin MRFC v b
x l chc nng ti nguyn a phng tin MRFP. MRFC l khi trc tip giao tip vi
AS qua giao thc SIP v vi S-CSCF qua giao thc MEGACO/H.248. MRFP nhn thng
tin iu khin t MRFC v giao tip vi cc thnh phn ca mng truyn dn. MRF c
vai tr quan trng trong hi ngh a im phn b ti nguyn hp l.
MRFC nhn bo hiu iu khin cuc gi qua giao thc SIP. MRFC cn thit cho vic h
tr nhng dch v, nh hi ngh, nhng thng bo ti ngi dng hoc chuyn m knh
mang. MRFC chuyn bo hiu SIP nhn c t S-CSCF qua im tham chiu Mr v s
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dng nhng ch dn MEGACO/H.248 iu khin MRFP. MRFC c th gi thng tin

thanh ton ti CCF v OCS.
MRFP cung cp nhng ti nguyn mt phng ngi dng c yu cu v ch dn bi
MRFC. MRFP thc hin nhng chc nng lin quan n media nh pht v trn media,
thch ng ni dung dch v, chuyn i nh dng ni dung,
Hnh 2.4: Chc nng iu khin thng tin a phng tin MRF
2.2.3 im tham chiu
Hnh 2.5: V tr cc im tham chiu trong IMS

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2.2.3.1 im tham chiu Gm

Gm l im tham chiu (giao din) gia UE v P-CSCF. N c dng truyn nhng
bo hiu SIP gia UE v mng IMS. Th tc qua giao din Gm c th chia thnh 3 th
tc chnh: ng k, iu khin phin, cc giao dch.
Th tc ng k: UE s dng giao din ny gi bn tin ng k v thng
lng cc thut ton bo mt vi P-CSCF. Trong sut qu trnh ny, c UE v
mng s trao i cc thng s phc v cho vic chng thc, m ha v nn d
liu. Thng qua giao din ny, UE s c nh khai thc mng cung cp nhng
thng tin v yu cu ng k li hoc hy ng k.
Th tc iu khin phin: chuyn tip cc bn tin iu khin phin gia cc UE.
Th tc giao dch: Gm c dng gi nhng yu cu c lp v nhn nhng
p ng c lp.
2.2.3.2 im tham chiu Go
Nh khai thc mng mong mun c s ph hp gia nhng yu cu v QoS, a ch
ngun v ch vi mc dch v ng k. Khi , cn c s giao tip gia mng IMS
v mng GPRS. im tham chiu Go c to ra vi mc ch ny. Sau , chc nng
phc v cho vic tnh ph c thm vo. Giao thc c dng cho vic ny l COPS.
Th tc qua Go c th chia thnh 2 th tc chnh:
Th tc cp quyn truyn thng: ngi s dng dng giao din ny yu cu
kch hot thnh phn sng mang. Yu cu ny c th chp nhn nu p ng c
cc chnh sch ca nh khai thc mng a ra.
Th tc tnh ph: thng qua im tham chiu Go, mng IMS c th chuyn thng
s ICID dng cho vic tnh ph n ngi dung GPRS. Tng t nh vy, mng
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GPRS cng c th chuyn nhng thng tin chng thc vic tnh ph n mng
IMS.
2.2.3.3 im tham chiu Mw

Mw l im tham chiu gia P-CSCF, I-CSCF v S-CSCF. Bn tin SIP s c truyn
qua giao din ny gia cc thnh phn CSCF vi nhau. Th tc qua giao din Mw c th
chia thnh 3 th tc chnh:
Th tc ng k
Trong th tc ny, P-CSCF s dng im tham chiu Mw chuyn tip yu cu ng
k t UE n I-CSCF. Sau , I-CSCF s dng giao din ny gi tip bn tin n
S-CSCF. Cui cng, bn tin p ng c tr v cho UE cng qua giao din ny.
Th tc iu khin phin
Cha cc thit lp ca c bn gi v bn b gi. i vi thit lp bn gi, im tham
chiu Mw c dng chuyn yu cu t P-CSCF n S-CSCF v c th t S-CSCF
n I-CSCF trong trng hp thu bao b gi. i vi thit lp bn b gi, bn tin yu cu
c gi t I-CSCF n S-CSCF v t S-CSCF n P-CSCF. Giao din ny cn s dng
trong trng hp mng thc hin vic kt thc phin, v d nh: khi P-CSCF tin hnh
vic kt thc phin khi nhn c thng bo ch dn ca PDF l mt thnh phn sng
mang. Hn na, thng tin v tnh ph cng c chuyn qua giao din ny.
Th tc giao dch
Dng chuyn cc bn tin yu cu c lp nh Message v nhn tt c p ng nh 200
OK, S khc bit gia th tc iu khin phin v th tc giao dch l mt hp thoi
ghi nhn s kin khng c to ra.
2.2.3.4 im tham chiu Mp
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Khi MRFC iu khin dng thng tin phng tin nh kt ni cho mt hi ngh truyn
thng hoc dng vic truyn thng vi MRFP th n s s dng im tham chiu Mp.
im tham chiu ny hot ng da trn giao thc H.248.
2.2.3.5 im tham chiu Mn
Mn l im tham chiu iu khin gia MGCF v IMS-MGW. Giao din ny iu khin
mt phng ngi dng ca mng IP v IMS-MGW. Hn na, giao din ny cng iu
khin mt phng ngi dng gia mng CS v IMS-MGW. Giao din ny da trn giao
thc H.248 thc hin cc tc v nh: kt ni, kh ting vng , cung cp chung v cc
thng bao n u cui,
2.2.3.6 im tham chiu Dx
Khi c nhiu a ch HSS c trin khai trong mng IMS, c I-CSCF v S-CSCF u
khng th bit HSS no cn tip xc. Do , I-CSCF v S-CSCF cn lin h vi SLF
trc. im tham chiu Dx ra i phc v mc ch ny. im tham chiu Dx lun kt
hp hot ng vi im tham chiu Cx. Giao thc c bn hot ng trn im tham chiu
ny l Diameter. Nhim v ca n l thc thi cc nh tuyn nhn c t Diameter
Redirect Agent.
nhn c ia ch ca HSS, I-CSCF hoc S-CSCF gi yu cu Cx n SLF qua im
tham chiu Dx. Khi nhn c a ch ca HSS, I-CSCF hoc S-CSCF s gi yu cu
Cx n HSS.
2.2.3.7 im tham chiu Cx
Thng tin v thu bao v dch v c lu tr thng tr trong HSS. V th, I-CSCF v
S-CSCF s phi tip xc vi HSS khi c ngi dng ng k hoc s dng dch v. im
tham chiu Cx ra i p ng mc ch ny. Cx l im tham chiu gia HSS v
CSCF v hot ng da trn giao thc Diameter. Th tc trn im tham chiu Cx c th
chia ra 3 th tc chnh: Qun l v tr, kim sot d liu ngi dng v chng thc ngi
dng.
Qun l v tr
17
Th tc qun l v tr c th chia ra thnh 2 nhm: Nhm ng k v xa ng k v

nhm cp nht li v tr.
Khi I-CSCF nhn c bn tin SIP Register yu cu ng k t P-CSCf qua im tham
chiu Mw, n s truy vn kim tra trng thi ng k ca UE bng cch gi bn tin UAR
n HSS. Sau khi nhn c UAR, HSS gi p ng UAA.N cha tn ca S-CSCF nu
UE c gn mt S-SCCF hoc tn v kh nng ca S-CSCF nu UE cha c c
gn mt S-CSCF no.Sau , I-CSCF s tin hnh lin lc vi S-CSCf thc hin hon
tt th tc ng k.
Khi S-CSCF nhn c bn tin yu cu ng k t I-CSCF n s dng bn tin SAR( bn
tin Diameter) truyn thng vi HSS. Lnh SAR c dng truy vn HSS v tn ca
S-CSCF c phc v khi thi gian ht hn ng k khc 0.Trong trng hp thi gian
ng k ht, bn tin SAR c dng thng bo S-CSCF khng cn phc v cho UE
.iu kin tin quyt gi lnh SAR l UE c chng thc y .Sau khi
nhn c SAR, HSS s p ng li bng mt lnh SAA cha thng tin c bn v UE.
Kim sot d liu ngi dng
Trong sut qu trnh ng k, d liu v ngi dng v cc dch v c lin quan s c
ti t HSS n S-CSCF qua im tham chiu Cx s dng lnh ca giao thc Diameter l
SAR v SAA. Tuy nhin, nhng d liu ny c th b thay i ti HSS sau khi S-CSCF
nhn c d liu v vn dang phc v UE theo d liu c. cp nht nhng d liu
mi, HSS s gi lnh PPR. Thng tin mi s c S-CSCF cp nht ngay tr trng hp
S-CSCF ang phc v mt UE cha ng k. Trng hp cha ng k cp y ny
xy ra khi UE ang s dng m ht thi gian ng k nhng nh khai thc mng vn
quyt nh gi li tn S-CSCF phc v cho UE ny phc v ngay khi UE ng k li.
Chng thc ngi dng
Chng thc ngi dng IMS ph thuc chnh vo vic trao i thng tin b mt.Thng
tin ny bao gm kha mt m v sequence number, IMSI c lu tr trong SIM ca UE
v trong HSS. S-CSCF cn nhng thng tin v chng thc ngi dng nn phi ti nhng
18
thng tin ny v t HSS qua giao din Cx. Khi S-CSCF cn chng thc mt ngi dng,
n gi MAR n HSS. HSS p ng li bng lnh MAA. Trong bn tin tr li ny cha
nhng thng tin chng thc: thut ton m ha (v d: Digest-AKAv1-MD5 ), thng tin
chng thc (s RAND vth AUTN), thng tin cp quyn,
2.2.3.8 im tham chiu ISC

ISC l im tham chiu gia I-CSCF, S-CSCF v AS dng truyn bn tin iu khin
ca giao thc SIP. Th tc qua giao din ny c th chia ra lm hai th tc chnh:
Th tc nh tuyn cc bn tin yu cu thit lp SIP: Khi S-CSCF nhn c cc
yu cu thit lp, n s phn tch yu cu ny. Ty thuc vo kt qu phn tch m
S-CSCF s nh tuyn cc bn tin n AS x l.
Th tc AS khi to yu cu thit lp phin SIP.
2.3 Lp truyn ti
2.3.1 UE
L thit b u cui thc hin cc yu cu dch v. Ngi dng s dng cc thit b ny
giao tip vi mng v thc hin cc dch v. trng thi bnh thng, UE cha thng
tin v: a ch ca P-CSCF, tn min mng nh (Home Network), thut ton m ha, bo
mt, kha nhn dng thu bao. Chng ta s tm hiu v kha nhn dng ngi dng bao
gm: kha nhn dng ngi dng chung v kha nhn dng ngi dng ring.
2.3.1.1 Kha nhn dng ngi dng ring
Mi ngi dng trong phn h IMS u c mt kha nhn dng ngi dng ring. Kha
ny c cung cp bi nh iu hnh mng (kha ny ging nh IMSI trong mng
GSM), c s dng trong th tc ng k, chng thc, qun l thu bao v tnh cc.
Kha nhn dng ngi dng ring c nhng c tnh sau:
Khng c s dng nh tuyn cc bn tin SIP.
19
Kha nhn dng ngi dng ring cha cc thng tin phc v cho vic ng k
ngi dng vo IMS Home Network (bao gm c ng k li v xa ng k).
Kha nhn dng ngi dng ring c cha trong ISIM v HSS.
L m nhn dng ton cu duy nht v c nh ng vi UE. Do , kha ny dng
xc nh UE, khng phi xc nh thu bao.
2.3.1.2 Kha nhn dng ngi dng chung

Mi ngi dng trong phn h IMS c th c mt hoc nhiu kha nhn dng ngi dng
chung. Kha ny c ngi dng s dng khi truyn thng vi cc ngi dng khc.
Kha ny c cng khai v c th trao i vi ngi dng khc thng qua danh b,
trang web hoc business card. Trong giai on u trin khai IMS, vn cn tn ti nhng
mng khc nhau nh PSTN/ISDN, GSM, Internet,. Do , ngi dng IMS phi
truyn thng c vi ngi dng cc mng ny. p ng nhu cu ny, mi ngi
dng IMS s c thm mt s vin thng, v d: +840975975975 lin lc vi min CS
v c a ch URL giao tip vi ngi dng Internet, v d: abc@cdf. zyz.
Kha nhn dng ngi dng chung c cc c im sau:
Kha ny c th c to nn t s in thoi hoc tn min trn internet, do nh
khai thc mng qui nh. Kha ny c th c s dng nh SIP URL, c nh
ngha trong IETF RFC 3261 v IETF RFC 2396.
Mt ISIM lu tr t nht mt kha nhn dng ngi dng chung.
Kha ny khng c s dng trong qu trnh chng thc thu bao.
Kha nhn dng ngi dng chung phi c ng k trc khi khi to phin
IMS v nhng phin khng lin quan th tc nh bn tin: MESSAGE,
SUBSCRIBE, NOTIFY, .
20
C th ng k nhiu kha nhn dng ngi dng chung trong cng mt yu cu

ng k t UE. ng k kha nhn dng ngi dng chung ca mt ngi
dng, ta phi mt mt khong thi gian. Do , nu ngi dng c 4 kha nhn
dng ngi dng chung th phi mt khong thi gian nhiu hn 4 ln. khc
phc iu ny, t chc 3GPP pht trin phng php ng k nhiu kha nhn
dng ngi dng chung trong cng mt yu cu ng k gi l ng k n.
thc hin ng k n, UE gi bn tin SUBSCRIBE yu cu ng k n n SCSCF. Khi S-CSCF nhn c bn tin ny, n s p ng li bng bn tin
NOTIFY chp nhn ng k n.
2.3.2 Giao tip vi mng PS

2.3.2.1 BGCF
Chc nng iu khin cng chuyn mng (BGCF) c nhim v la chn mng PSTN
hoc mng chuyn mch knh (CSN) m lu lng trong IMS s c nh tuyn sang.
Nu BGCF xc nh c rng lu lng chuyn mng s ti mng PSTN hay CSN
nm trong cng mng vi BGCF th n s la chn mt MGCF p ng cho lin mng
vi PSTN hay CSN. Nu lu lng cn truyn ti mt mng khng nm cng mng vi
BGCF th BGCF s gi bo hiu phin ny ti BGCF ang qun l mng ch .
BGCF thc hin cc chc nng nh sau:
La chn mng ang tng tc vi PSTN hay CS CN. Nu nh s tng tc
trong mt mng khc th BGCF s gi bo hiu SIP ti BGCF ca mng . Nu
nh s tng tc nm trong mt mng khc v nh khai thc yu cu n cu hnh
mng th BGCF gi bo hiu SIP thng qua mt I-CSCF (THIG) v pha
BGCF ca mng .
La chn MGCF trong mng ang tng tc vi PSTN hoc CS CN v gi bo
hiu SIP ti MGCF . iu ny khng th s dng khi tng tc nm trong mt
mng khc.
21
2.3.2.2 MGCF
MGCF l thnh phn gateway ca PSTN hay CS v mng IMS. Nt ny c nhim v
qun l cc cng a phng tin, tng tc vi S-CSCF qun l cc cuc gi trn
knh a phng tin. N thc hin chuyn i giao thc v nh x SIP thnh ISUP hoc
BICC. Ngoi ra, MGCF cn iu khin ngun ti nguyn trong MGW. Giao thc s
dng gia MGCF v MGW l H.248.
2.3.2.3 IMS-MGW
IMS-MGW cung cp mt phng lin kt cho ngi dng IMS v CS CN. N xc nh
knh truyn t CS CN v dng truyn dn t mng, thc hin vic chuyn i gia
nhng u cui v thc hin gii m v x l tn hiu cho mt phng ngi dng khi cn
thit. Hn na, IMS-MGW cn c chc nng cung cp m chung v nhng thng bo
cho ngi dng CS.
Tng t, tt c cc cuc gi t CS vo mng IMS u c a n MGCF, n thc
hin vic chuyn i giao thc cn thit v gi nhng yu cu SIP n I-CSCF dung cho
vic thit lp phin. Trong cng thi im MGCF kt ni vi IMS-MGW dnh sn
ngun ti nguyn cn thit mt phng ngi dng.
22
Hnh 2.6: Qu trnh thit lp cuc gi t mng IMS ra mng CS CN v ngc li

2.3.3 Giao tip vi mng GSM/GPRS
2.3.3.1 SGSN
SGSN l thnh phn lin kt gia mng IMS v mng chuyn mch gi hin c. N c
th hot ng, iu khin v x l lu lng cho min PS. Phn iu khin c hai chc
nng chnh: qun l di ng v qun l phin. Qun l di ng s qun l v tr v trng
thi ca UE, chng thc c ngi dng ln UE. Qun l phin cho php v iu khin kt
ni. Khi ny cng c s dng trong mng 3G. Chc nng x l lu lng l mt phn
ca chc nng iu khin phin. SGSN hot ng nh mt Gateway cho nhng lung lu
lng ca ngi dng truy cp vo mng.
2.3.3.2 GGSN
Khi chc nng ny cung cp kh nng tng tc vi nhng mng PS khc nhau nh
mng IMS hoc Internet. N chuyn i nhng gi GPRS n t SGSN thnh nh dng
PDP tng ng v gi chng ra ngoi trn mng ngoi tng ng. Trong hng ngc
li, a ch PDP ca gi d liu n c chuyn i thnh a ch IMS ca ngi dng
23
ch. GGSN cha a ch SGSN hin ti v h s thng tin ca nhng ngi dng ng
k vo thanh ghi nh v ca n. GGSN c kh nng tp trung thng tin tnh cc cho cc
mc ch thanh ton.
Ni chung, c mi quan h nhiu - nhiu gia SGSN v GGSN: Mt GGSN giao tip vi
mt mng ngoi cn mt vi SGSN; mt SGSN c th nh tuyn nhiu gi ti nhiu
GGSN khc nhau.
2.3.4 Giao tip vi mng IP
2.3.4.1 NASS
NASS l thnh phn ch s dng cho cc mng truy nhp hu tuyn, vi nhim v cung
cp kt ni n ngi dng trong mng truy nhp. NASS c cc chc nng chnh sau:
Cung cp mt cch linh hot a ch IP cng nh cc thng s cu hnh khc cho
UE (s dng DHCP).
Xc nhn, chng thc ngi dng trc v trong sut qu trnh cp pht IP.
Cp php cho mng truy nhp da trn h s ngi dng mng
Qun l v tr ngi dng
H tr qu trnh di ng v roaming ca ngi dng.
2.3.4.2 RACS
Chc nng iu khin ti nguyn v chp nhn kt ni RACS bao gm 2 chc nng chnh
l: chc nng quyt nh chnh sch dch v (S-PDF) v chc nng iu khin chp nhn
kt ni v ti nguyn truy nhp (A-RACF).
Chc nng quyt nh chnh sch dch v S-PDF: di yu cu ca cc ng dng,
s to ra cc quyt nh v chnh sch bng vic s dng cc lut chnh sch v
chuyn nhng quyt nh ny ti A-RACF. S-DPF cung cp mt cch nhn tru
tng v cc chc nng truyn ti vi ni dung hay cc dch v ng dng. Bng
cch s dng S-DPF, vic x l ti nguyn s tr nn c lp vi vic x l dch
v.
24
Chc nng iu khin chp nhn kt ni v ti nguyn truy nhp A-RACF: nhn
cc yu cu v ti nguyn QoS t S-PDF. A-RACF s s dng thng tin QoS nhn
c t S-PDF quyt nh chp nhn hay khng chp nhn kt ni. A-RACF
cng thc hin chc nng t trc ti nguyn v iu khin cc thc th NAT
hoc Firewall.
Chng 3: Mt s th tc trong mng IMS

Chng ny m t qu trnh ng k n thit lp phin s dng dch v ca mt UE.
Qu trnh ny s lin quan n nhiu thc th trong IMS. Mc ch chng ny khng
nhm th hin chnh xc nhng iu xy ra trong thc t m ch gip ngi c c ci
25
nhn tng quan v vai tr ca cc khi trong h thng. u tin, UE phi thc hin vic
ng k vi h thng mi c th s dng c dch v. Ty thuc vo trng thi ca UE
m S-CSCF s phn phi ph hp.
3.1 Th tc lin quan n qu trnh ng k
3.1.1 Th tc ng k
Hnh 3.1: Th tc ng k
Cc bc thc hin:
Bc 1: UE gi bn tin REGISTER ti Proxy cha thng tin ng k nh: kha
nhn dng ngi dng chung, kha nhn dng ngi dng ring, tn min Home
Network, a ch IP ca ngi dng.
26
Bc 2: Khi nhn thng tin ng k, P-CSCF thc hin kim tra tn min Home
Network tm thc th mng nh v Proxy s gi lung thng tin ng k ti ICSCF gm: a ch hoc tn ca P-CSCF, kha nhn dng ngi dng chung,
kha nhn dng ngi dng ring, nhn dng mng ca P-CSCF, a ch IP ca
UE.
Bc 3: I-CSCF s gi bn tin Cx-Query hoc Cx-Select-Pull qua im tham
chiu Cx truy vn HSS v: kha nhn dng ngi dng chung, kha nhn dng
ngi dng ring, nhn dng mng ca P-CSCF.
Bc 4: HSS s gi Cx-Query Resp hoc Cx-Select-Pull Resp cho I-CSCF
Bc 5: I-CSCF gi thng tin ng k ln S-CSCF km thm thng tin p ng t
HSS
Bc 6: S-CSCF gi Cx-Put hoc Cx-Pull gm: kha nhn dng ngi dng
chung, kha nhn dng ngi dng ring, tn S-CSCF n HSS.
Bc 7: HSS lu tr tn S-CSCF cho UE v gi Cx-Put Resp hoc Cx-Pull Resp
cha thng tin ca UE n S-CSCF
Bc 8: Da trn b lc tiu chun, S-CSCF s gi thng tin ng k ti mt
phng iu khin dch v v thc hin bt c th tc iu khin dch v thch hp
no.
Bc 9: S-CSCF gi bn tin chp nhn 200 OK cho I-CSCF, n cha thng tin
UE tip xc vi mng nh
Bc 10: I-CSCF gi bn tin chp nhn 200 OK cho P-CSCF, bn tin ny cha
thng tin UE tip xc vi mng nh.
Bc 11: P-CSCF gi bn tin chp nhn 200 OK cho UE
Bng 3.1: Tm tt trng thi cc khi trong th tc ng k
Thc
Trc ng Trong lc ng k
th
k
27
Sau khi ng k
UE
a ch ca P- a ch ca P-CSCF, tn a ch ca P-CSCF, tn
CSCF,
tn min mng nh, kha nhn min mng nh, kha
min
mng dng chung v ring, thng nhn dng chung v ring,
nh,
kha s bo mt,
thng s bo mt, thng
nhn
dng
tin nh tuyn n S-
CSCF v c th cha
nhn
thm kha nhn dng
chung
kha
dng ring
ngi dng chung n cu

hnh
a ch UE, kha nhn a ch S-CSCF, a ch
P-CSCF
dng chung v ring UE,
kha
nhn
dng
c m ha, thng s bo ngi dng ng k,

mt
I-CSCF
thng s bo mt, a ch
khi CDF
a ch HSS a ch ca HSS hoc a ch HSS hoc SLF
hoc SLF
SLF, P-CSCF, S-CSCF
S-CSCF a ch HSS Tn hoc a ch ca HSS, Tn hoc a ch ca HSS,
hoc SLF
thng tin ca ngi dng, thng tin ngi dng, tn

tn hoc IP ca P-CSCF, hoc IP ca P-CSCF, a
HSS
a ch IP ca UE.
ch IP ca UE.
Thng tin ca Thng tin ca ngi dng, Thng tin ngi dng,
ngi
dng, thng s chn S-CSCF, thng s chn S-CSCF,
thng s thng s mng khch nu thng tin v nhng ngi

chn S-CSCF
ngi dng chuyn vng
dng ng k, tn SCSCF cho ngi dng.
3.1.2 Th tc ng k li
ng k li l mt hot ng nh k ca UE nhm cp nht li mt s ng k tn ti
hoc cp nht nhng thay i v trng thi ng k ca UE. Cc bc trong qu trnh
ng k li c thc hin tng lc ng k, nhng v c mt S-CSCF c n nh
28
cho UE trong lc ng k nn I-CSCF s khng gi bn tin Cx-SELECT PULL yu cu

S-CSCF.
3.1.3 Th tc xa ng k
3.1.3.1 Th tc xa ng k khi to bi UE
Khi UE mun xa ng k khi mng IMS th UE phi thc hin mt th tc xa ng
k mc ng dng. Th tc ny phi c thc hin khi ht thi gian ng k. Cc
bc thc hin th tc xa ng k cng ging nh th th tc ng k vi thi gian
ng k l 0 giy.
Hnh 3.2: Th tc xa ng k thc hin bi UE
Cc bc thc hin nh sau:
29
Bc 1: UE gi yu cu REGISTER mi vi yu cu thi gian l 0 giy. Thng

tin ng k c gi n P-CSCF bao gm: kha nhn dng ngi dng chung,
nhn dng ngi dng ring, tn min Home network, a ch IP ca UE.
Bc 2: P-CSCF kim tra tn min mng nh, chuyn tip bn tin REGISTER
n I-CSCF vi cc thong tin: kha nhn dng thu bao chung, nhn dng thu
bao ring, nhn dng mng Proxy, a ch IP ca UE.
Bc 3: I-CSCF s gi lung thng tin Cx-Query ti HSS c cha: kha
nhn
dng
thu
bao chung, nhn dng thu bao ring, nhn dng mng P-
CSCF
Bc 4: HSS s xc nh ngi dng ny hin ng k cha. HSS s gi CxQuery Resp cha tn S-CSCF ti I-CSCF.
Bc 5: I-CSCF s dng tn ca S-CSCF xc nh a ch ca S-CSCF. ICSCF gi bn tin REGISTER n S-CSCF c ni dung gm: tn hoc a ch PCSCF, kha nhn dng chung, kha nhn dng ring, a ch IP ca UE, I-CSCF
trong trng hp mng mun n cu hnh.
Bc 6: Da vo b lc tiu chun, S-CSCF s gi thng tin xa ng k ti mt
phng iu khin dch v v bt k mt phng no cha cc th tc iu khin dch
v cn thit. Mt phng iu khin dch v s xa tt c cc thng tin lin quan
n thu bao ny.
Bc 7: Ty thuc vo nh khai thc la chn S-CSCF c th gi Cx-Put (cha
kha nhn dng ngi dng chung, nhn dng ngi dng ring, xa tn S-CSCF
hoc Cx-Put (gm kha nhn dng ngi dng chung, kha nhn dng ngi dng
ring, gi tn S-CSCF), vi nhng thu bao khng c coi l ng k lu SCSCF. Sau HSS s xa b hoc gi li tn S-CSCF cho thu bao theo yu
cu. Trong c hai trng hp, trng thi ca nhn dng thu bao khng c lu
tr v khng c ng k HSS. Nu nh tn ca S-CSCF c gi li th HSS
s cho php xa b s phc v S-CSCF bt c lc no.
30
Bc 8: HSS s gi p ng Cx-Put Resp ti S-CSCF bo nhn Cx-Put

Bc 9: S-CSCF s p ng li bng bn tin 200 OK ti I-CSCF. S-CSCF s xa
tt c cc thng tin ca thu bao sau khi gi bn tin 200 OK
Bc 10: I-CSCF s gi bn tin 200 OK ti P-CSCF.
Bc 11: P-CSCF s gi bn tin 200 OK ti UE v thc hin vic xa thng tin
lin quan n thu bao ny.
3.1.3.2 Xa ng k khi to bi nh khai thc mng
Th tc xa ng k thc hin bi nh khai thc mng thc hin khi:
Ht thi hn ng k
Bo dng mng: khng tng thch d liu nt li, mt SIM, kt thc phin
khng tt nh: pin UE yu, thu bao di chuyn qu nhanh,
Ngn chn ng k hai ln hoc lu tr thng tin tri ngc nhau. Trng hp
ny s xy ra lc trao i cc tham s chuyn vng gia hai nh vn hnh.
Qun l thu bao: hp ng ht hn, pht hin s gian ln, thay i dch v
m S-CSCF ch nh khng c kh nng p ng
Th tc xa ng k do bo dng mng c th thc hin bi HSS hoc SCSCF.
Xa ng k khi ht thi gian
31
UE
S-CSCF
P-CSCF
1. Timer
Expires
HSS
1. Timer
Expires
2. Service Control
3. Cx-Put
4. Cx-Put- Resp
Hnh 3.3: Th tc xa ng k khi ht thi gian ng k
Khi UE ng k thnh cng, c mt b Timer c bt ln. Khi Timer ny ht hn, m

UE khng thc hin th tc xa ng k th th tc xa ng k c tin hnh bi nh
khai thc mng. Cc bc thc hin nh sau:
Bc 1: P-CSCF cp nht c s d liu bn trong ca n xa kha nhn dng
thu bao chung c ng k
Bc 2: Da vo b lc tiu chun, S-CSCF s gi thng tin xa ng k ti mt
phng iu khin dch v v mt phng ny xa cc thng tin lin quan n thu
bao ny.
Bc 3: Ty thuc vo nh khai thc, S-CSCF c th gi l bn tin Cx-put ( gm
c kha nhn dng thu bao chung, nhn dng thu bao ring, xa tn S-CSCF)
hoc Cx-Put (gm nhn dng thu bao chung, nhn dng thu bao ring, gi tn SCSCF) vi thu bao khng ng k di lu S-CSCF. Sau HSS s xa hoc gi
li tn ca S-CSCF cho thu bao ty theo yu cu. Trong c hai trung hp ,
trng thi nhn dng thu bao c lu tr nh cha c ng k HSS. Nu
nh tn ca S-CSCF c gi li th HSS s cho php xa s phc v ca S-CSCF
bt c lc no.
32
Bc 4: HSS s gi Cx-Put Resp ti S-CSCF bo nhn s gi Cx-Put.

Xa ng k khi to bi HSS
Cc bc thc hin:
Bc 1: HSS khi to xa ng k, gi mt bn tin Cx-Deregister cha l do
xa ng k.
Bc 2: S-CSCF s gi thng tin xa ng k ti mt phng iu khin dch v.
Bc 3: Chuyn tip bn tin De-register cha l do xa ng k n P-CSCF v
P-CSCF cp nht c s d liu bn trong n xa UE.
Bc 4: P-CSCF s thng bo cho UE l do xa ng k tr khi khng kt ni
c vi UE
Bc 5: P-CSCF gi p ng ti S-CSCF v cp nht c s d liu bn trong ca
n xa ng k ca UE.
UE
P-CSCF
S-CSCF
HSS
1. Cx-D eregister
2. Service Control
3. Deregister
4. UE Inform
5. OK 200
6. OK 200
7. Cx-Deregister
Resp.
33
Hnh 3.4: Th tc xa ng k khi to bi HSS

Bc 6: Khi c th, UE gi mt p ng ti P-CSCF bo nhn xa ng k.
Mt UE khng c kh nng giao tip hoc nm ngoi P-CSCF s khng th tr li
cho yu cu xa ng k. P-CSCF s thc hin xa ng k trong bt k trng
hp
Bc 7: S-CSCF p tr cc thc th khi to x l.
Xa ng k khi to bi S-CSCF
Cc bc thc hin nh sau:
Bc 1: S-CSCF nhn thng tin xa ng k t mt phng iu khin dch v v
thc hin bt k cc th tc iu khin dch v hp l no. Thng tin ny c th bao
gm c l do xa ng k.
Bc 2: S-CSCF gi bn tin xa ng k (Deregister) v pha P-CSCF v cp
nht c s d liu bn trong ca n xa ng k UE. L do xa ng k cng
c truyn i nu c th.
Bc 3: P-CSCF s thng bo cho UE l do xa ng k tr khi khng kt ni
c vi UE
Bc 4: P-CSCF gi p ng ti S-CSCF v cp nht c s d liu bn trong ca
n xa ng k ca UE.
Bc 5: Khi c th, UE gi mt p ng ti P-CSCF bo nhn xa ng k.
Mt UE khng c kh nng giao tip hoc nm ngoi P-CSCF s khng th tr li
cho yu cu xa ng k. P-CSCF s thc hin xa ng k trong bt k trng hp
Bc 6: Ty thuc vo nh khai thc, S-CSCF c th gi l bn tin Cx-put (gm
kha nhn dng thu bao chung, nhn dng thu bao ring, xa tn S-CSCF) hoc
Cx-Put (cha kha nhn dng thu bao chung, nhn dng thu bao ring, gi tn
S-CSCF) vi thu bao khng ng k di lu S-CSCF. Sau HSS s xa hoc
gi li tn ca S-CSCF cho thu bao ty theo yu cu. Trong c hai trung hp
34
, trng thi nhn dng thu bao c lu tr nh cha c ng k HSS. Nu

nh tn ca S-CSCF c gi li th HSS s cho php xa s phc v ca S-CSCF
bt c lc no.
Bc 7: HSS s gi Cx-Put Resp ti S-CSCF bo nhn s gi Cx-Put.
UE
P-CSCF
S-CSCF
HSS
1. Service Control
2. Deregister
3. UE Inform
4. OK 200
5. OK 200
6. Cx-Put
7. Cx-Put resp
Hnh 3.5: Th tc xa ng k thc hin bi S-CSCF
3.2 Th tc thit lp phin

3.2.1 Th tc thit lp phin gia thu bao thuc hai mng IMS
Khi mt thu bao IMS (UE#1) cn thit lp phin n mt thu bao IMS khc (UE#2) th
qu trnh thit lp phin c thc hin nh sau:
Bc 1: Sau khi bit c a ch ca P-CSCF#1, UE#1 gi bn tin INVITE n
P-CSCF
Bc 2: P-CSCF#1 kim tra cc thng s truyn thng. Nu cc thng s khng
ph hp vi chnh sch mng IMS a ra, P-CSCF#1 s loi b vic khi to
phin.
35
Bc 3: P-CSCF#1 chuyn tip bn tin INVITE n S-CSCF#1 m UE#1 bit

khi ng k.
Bc 4: S-CSCF#1 c th truy cp AS kim tra v p ng yu cu v dch v
cho UE
Bc 5: S-CSCF chuyn tip bn tin n I-CSCF#2
Bc 6: I-CSCF#2 truy vn HSS tm a ch ca S-CSCF#2 ng vi UE#2
Bc 7: I-CSCF#2 chuyn tip bn tin INVITE n S-CSCF#2
Bc 8: S-CSCF c th truy cp AS kim tra v p ng cc dch v m bn
tin INVITE yu cu
Bc 9: S-CSCF chuyn bn tin INVITE n P-CSCF#2 theo a ch thit lp
khi UE#2 ng k
Bc 10: P-CSCF#2 s kim tra cc thng s trong bn tin INVITE. Nu nhng
thng s khng ph hp vi chnh sch t ra th s t chi thit lp phin
Bc 11: P-CSCF#2 chuyn bn tin INVITE n UE#2
Bc 12-17: Tn hiu chung c chuyn t UE#2 n UE#1
Bc 18: Thit lp cc thng s d tr ti nguyn
Bc 19: UE#2 chp nhn thit lp phin bng cch gi bn tin 200 OK n PCSCF#2
36
Originating Netw
UE#1
1. INVITE (SD
offer)
2. M
P
Hnh 3.6: Th tc thit lp phin gia thu bao thuc hai mng IMS
37
Bc 20: Ty thuc vo chnh sch ca nh khai thc dch v m P-CSCF#2 s

cho php ti nguyn cn thit
Bc 21-24: Bn tin 200 OK c chuyn v UE#1
Bc 25: Ty thuc vo chnh sch ca nh khai thc dch v m P-CSCF#1 s
cho php ti nguyn cn thit
Bc 26: Bn tin 200 OK c gi t P-CSCF n UE#1
Bc 27-31: Bn tin ACK c gi t UE#1 n UE#2 xc nhn thit lp
phin
Bc 32: Cuc gi c thit lp, lung thng tin a phng tin truyn gia
UE#1 v UE#2
3.2.2 Th tc thit lp phin gia thu bao thuc mng IMS v mng PSTN
Bc 1: UE gi bn tin INVITE n P-CSCF khi to phin, sau P-CSCF
da vo tn S-CSCF c gn cho UE trong bn tin m s chuyn tip bn tin
n S-CSCF tng ng.
Bc 2: S-CSCF thc hin bt k mt logic iu khin dch v no ph hp
thit lp phin
Bc 3: S-CSCF thc hin phn tch a ch ch xc nh c rng thu bao
ch thuc PSTN v phi chuyn yu cu ti BGCF.
Bc 4: BGCF xc nh MGCF cng mng, v vy cn phi la chn mt
MGCF ph hp. Yu cu INVITE c chuyn ti MGCF. Thng tin kt cui
PSTN c chuyn i sau.
Bc 5-7: Cc kh nng truyn thng ca thu bao ch c phn hi theo tuyn
bo hiu nh tr li SDP, nh cc th tc kt cui PSTN.
38
Bc 8: Ngi khi to quyt nh a ra cc phng tin truyn thng v

chuyn tip thng tin ny ti S-CSCF bng cc th tc khi to.
Bc 9-10: S-CSCF chuyn tip SDP c a ra ti cc im u cui pha
kt cui nh cc th tc kt cui PSTN thng qua phin thit lp.
Bc 11-13: Cc im u cui pha kt cui tr li SDP a ra v bn tin
thng bo ny c chuyn qua phin thit lp ti cc im u cui pha khi
to.
Bc 14-16: Khi im u cui pha khi to hon thnh th tc t trc ti
nguyn, n s gi thng bo t trc ti nguyn thnh cng ti S-CSCF bng cc
th tc khi to v c chuyn ti im u cui pha kt cui thng qua tuyn
phin.
Bc 17-19: im u cui pha kt cui bao nhn kt qu v thng bo ny c
chuyn ti im u cui pha khi to thng qua tuyn phin.
Bc 20-21: im u cui pha kt cui pht ra bn tin bo hiu chung v
chuyn tip n ti BGCF, sau BGCF chuyn tip bn tin ti S-CSCF.
Bc 22: S-CSCF chuyn tip bn tin bo hiu chung ti ngi khi to bng
cc th tc khi to.
Bc 23: Khi ngi dng ch tr li, cc kt qu ca th tc kt cui c cha
trong p ng SIP 200 OK ti BGCF.
Bc 24-25: BGCF chuyn thng tin ny ti S-CSCF v sau n c chuyn
tip ti im u cui pha khi to.
Bc 26: Bn tin 200 OK c p tr li in u cui khi to bng cc th tc
khi to t im u cui kt cui.
Bc 27: im u cui pha khi to gi bo nhn cui cng ti S-CSCF bng
cc th tc khi to.
39
Originating
Network
Originating Home Network
S-CSCF
Terminating
Network
BGCF
1. Invite (Initial SDP Offer)

2. Service Control
7. Offer Response
6. Offer Response
5. Offer Response
8. Response Conf (Opt SDP)


11. Conf Ack (Opt SDP)

14. Reservation Conf

22. Ringing
25. 200 OK
26. ACK

20. Ringing
21. Ringing
23. 200 OK
24. 200 OK
27. ACK
28. ACK
Hnh 3.7: Cc bc thit lp cuc gi gia UE (IMS) v UE (PSTN)
40
Chng 4: Cc giao thc chnh s dng trong

phn h IMS
4.1 Giao thc sip
4.1.1 Tng quan v giao thc SIP
SIP l giao thc khi to phin, dng thit lp, sa i v kt thc cc cuc gi in
thoi VoIP. SIP c pht trin bi IETF v ban hnh trong ti liu RFC 3261 vo thng
5 nm 2003.
SIP c th s dng cho rt nhiu cc dch v khc nhau trong mng IP nh dch v tin
nhn, thoi, hi ngh thoi, hi ngh truyn hnh, email, dy hc t xa, qung b, SIP
s dng khun dng text, mt khun dng thng gp trong mng IP. N k tha cc cc
nguyn l v khi nim ca cc giao thc Internet nh HTTP v SMTP. N c nh
ngha nh mt giao thc client-server, trong cc yu cu c pha client a ra v
cc p ng c server tr li. SIP s dng mt s kiu bn tin v cc trng header ca
HTTP, xc nh ni dung lung thng tin theo header.
4.1.2 Cu trc SIP
4.1.2.1 Server
L mt chng trnh ng dng chp nhn cc bn tin yu cu t Client phc v cc
yu cu ny v gi tr cc p ng cho cc yu cu . Ta c cc loi server sau:
Proxy Server: l phn mm trung gian, hot ng nh l Server, va l Client cho cc
mc ch to cc yu cu thay mt cho cc Client khc. Cc yu cu c x l bn trong
hoc chuyn chng n Server khc c chc nng nh tuyn. Trong IMS, khi P-CSCF
ng vai tr l Proxy Server nhm chuyn cc yu cu ca UE n thc th thch hp.
Redirect Server: l mt Server chp nhn mt yu cu SIP, nh x a ch trong yu cu
thnh a ch mi v tr li a ch ny tr li Proxy Server.
41
Registrar Server: l my ch chp nhn yu cu ng k. Mt Registrar Server c xp

t vi mt Proxy Server hoc mt Server gi li v c th a ra cc dch v nh v.
Registrar Server dng ng k cc i tng SIP trong min SIP v cp nht li v tr
hin ti ca chng.
Location Server: Cung cp chc nng phn gii tn cho SIP Proxy hoc Redirect Server.
Sever ny c thut ton phn gii tn. Cc c ch ny bao gm mt database ca nh
ng k hoc truy nhp n nhng cng c phn gii tn c s dng ph bin nh
whois, LDAP, hoc cc h thng hot ng c lp khc. Registrar server c th l mt
thnh phn con ca location server; registrar server chu trch nhim mt phn trong vic
populating database m c lin kt vi Location Server
Trong IMS, HSS ng vai tr nh mt Registrar Server cha c s d liu v thu bao v
dch v thu bao ng k. S-CSCF chnh l Location Server, m nhim ph v cho
mt nhm thu bao trong mng hoc chuyn vng sang mng IMS. I-CSCF thc hin
chc nng nh mt Redirect Server, giao tip vi S-CSCF ca mng khc khi UE s
dng dch v lin mng.
Hnh 4.1: Cu trc SIP

4.1.2.2 Client
42
Client trong giao thc SIP chnh l UE, l cc thit b m ngi dng s dng khi to
yu cu SIP n cc Server. Thit b ny c th l Hardphone hay Softphone. Hardphone
l cc thit b phn cng h tr chun SIP nh in thoi IP. Softphone l phn mm h
tr chun SIP nh Express Talk, Sidefisk, hay h tr c IMS nh: Mercuro IMS
Client, UCT Client, OpenIC_Lite,. . .
4.1.3 Bn tin SIP
SIP s dng cc bn tin khi to, hiu chnh v kt thc phin gia cc ngi dng.
Bng 4.1: Bn tin yu cu SIP
Bn tin
INVITE
ACK
ngha
Khi to mt phin
Khng nh rng client nhn c bn tin
BYE
CANCEL
Register
OPTIONS
INFO
p ng cho bn tin INVITE

Yu cu kt thc phin
Yu cu kt thc phin
u cui SIP ng k vi Register server
u cui SIP ng k vi Register server
S dng ti cc thng tin
Bng 4.2: Bn tin p ng SIP
Bn tin
1xx
2xx
3xx
4xx
5xx
6xx
ngha
Cc bn tin chung
Thnh cng
Chuyn a ch
Yu cu khng c p ng
S c Server
S c ton mng
43
4.2 Giao thc Diameter

4.2.1 Tng quan v giao thc Diameter
Ban u, con ngi mun truy cp vo internet n mt Server c th no , ngi
phi cung cp thng tin v user name v password. Trong hu ht cc trng hp, thng
tin v user name v password khng c lu my ch p ng truy cp m c lu
mt ni khc, c th l Lightweight Directory Access Protocol. Do ny sinh vn
cn mt giao thc truyn thng ng tin cy trao i thng tin gia my ch truy cp
v my lu thng tin v user name v password. V th, vo 1995 RADIUS ra i, c
dng chng thc, qun l quyn truy cp dch v, thng tin ti khon ngi dng.
Khi cng ngh di ng ngy cng pht trin th RADIUS khng p ng c yu cu v
QoS v khng h tr chuyn vng. iu ny l mt tr ngi ln trong s pht trin dch
v. Mt yu cu t ra l tm ra mt cng ngh mi khng ch p ng c tnh nng
ca RADIUS m cn khc phc c nhng nhc im ca giao thc ny. n 1996,
IETF chun ha Diameter trong RFC 3588. Giao thc ny tha mn cc yu cu t ra
trn.
Giao thc Diameter chia ra 2 phn: Diameter Base Protocol v Diameter Application.
Diameter Base Protocol cn thit cho vic phn phi cc n v d liu, kh nng thng
lng, kim sot li v kh nng m rng. Diameter Application nh ngha nhng ng
dng d liu ring. Ti thi im ny, ngoi ng dng chun trong RFC3588, mt s ng
dng c nh ngha nh: Mobile IP, NASREQ, EAP, Diameter iu khin tnh ph
v ng dng Diameter trong giao thc SIP, Diameter l giao thc truyn thng hot
ng trn giao din Sh gia HSS, AS, S-CSCF.
44
Hnh 4.2: Giao thc Diameter

4.2.2 Cu trc giao thc Diameter
Trong Diameter c 3 thnh phn chnh l Server, Client v Agent. Client l mt thit b
bin, thc hin cc truy vn v s dng dch v. Mt Diameter Agent thc hin chc
nng nh mt Proxy, Relay, Redirect Agent va dch cc bn tin. Diameter Server qun l
cc yu cu v AAA cho mt h thng.
4.2.2.1 Diameter Relay Agent
Diameter Relay Agent l mt thc th chp nhn cc yu cu v nh tuyn cc bn tin
n mt thc th khc da trn thng tin tm c trong bn tin nh tn min ch n
ca bn tin. Thng tin nh tuyn ny c thc hin da vo bng nh tuyn c lu
tr ti cc nt mng. Bng nh tuyn ny cha cc trng sau: tn min, m ng dng,
hot ng cc b, nhn dng Server, cu hnh tnh hoc ng, thi gian ht hn.
M ng dng c dng nh trng quan trng th 2 tm kim mt entry. Trng
hot ng cc b cha mt trong bn gi tr: Local, Relay, Proxy, Redirect. Da vo
trng ny m Diamter Relay s bit x l gi tin hay chuyn tip gi tin. Trng nhn
dng Server xc nh nt mng k tip cn i n. Cu hnh tnh hay ng cho bit
45
entry ny c cu hnh tnh hoc t ng tm ra nt kt tip. Nu l cu hnh ng th c

thi gian ht hn m entry phi c cp nht li.
Tng hp nhng yu cu n cc min khc nhau v phn b gi tin n ch thch hp
gip gim nh cu hnh my ch truy cp cng nh thun tin cho vic thay th, thm
hoc b my ch truy cp.
Diameter Relay Agent thay i bn tin bng cch chn vo hoc b cc thng tin nh
tuyn m khng thay i bt k phn no khc ca bn tin. Relay Agent s khng duy tr
trng thi phin m ch duy tr trng thi giao dch thc hin chc nng Accouting.
4.2.2.2 Diameter Proxy Agent
Hnh4.3 Diameter Proxy Agent nh tuyn cc bn tin da vo bng nh

tuyn
Ging nh Relay, Proxy Agent nh tuyn cc bn tin Diameter s dng bng nh
tuyn. Tuy nhin, gia hai thnh phn c s khc nhau v cch thay i bn tin thc
hin chnh sch
46
4.2.2.3 Diameter Redirect Agent
Hnh 4.4 Diameter Redirect Agent

Diameter Reditect Agent thc hin vic inh tuyn cc bn tin sang tn min khc. N
cng s dng bng nh tuyn xc nh chng tip theo ca ng i n ch c
yu cu. Thay t v nh tuyn nhng yu cu, Redirect Agent s p ng li a ch ca
chng kt tip Proxy Agent nh tuyn.
47
4.2.2.4 Diameter Translation Agent
Hnh 4.5 Diameter Translation Agent

Diameter Translation Agent l thnh phn thc hin vic chuyn i dch v gia
Diameter v mt giao thc thc hin chc nng AAA khc. Translation Agent s dng
tng thch vi cc dch v trn c s h tng mng sn c ph bin nh RADIUS,
TACACS,.
4.2.3 Bn tin
Bn tin Diameter cha mt header v mt s cp gi tr thuc tnh AVP. Header gm
nhiu trng vi d liu dng nh phn ging header ca giao thc IP.
Hnh 4.6 Cu trc bn tin trong giao thc Diameter

4.2.3.1 Cu trc Diameter header
Hnh 4.7 Cu trc header ca Diameter
48
Version: c thit lp bng 1 ng vi phin bn hin nay ca giao thc Diameter

l 1.
Command Flags: trng ny di 8 bit. C dng RPETrrrr, c ngha nh sau:
R (request): nu bng 1, y l bn tin yu cu. Nu bng 0 l bn tin p ng.
P (proxiable): nu bng 1, bn tin c th chuyn tip bi Proxy, Relay hoc
Redirect. Nu bng 0 th bn tin s c x l ti nt
E (error): Nu bng 1, bn tin p ng cha li giao thc, v bn tin s khng
ph hp vi m t ABNF. Nu bng 0 trong bn tin yu cu v khng li.
T (potentially re-transmitted masage): Bit ny bng 1 khi lin kt b t, bn
tin yu cu b trng hoc khng c tr li t Server
r: d tr, lun bng 0
Command Code: trng ny di 24 bit, c qun l bi IANA, gi tr t 0- 24
dng ring cho RADIUS, 16777214 v16777215 dng th nghim, cc s cn li
dng trong giao thcDIAMETER.
Application-ID: di 32 bit, dng xc nh tn ng dng do IANA qun l. ng
dng c th l mt ng dng dnh cho vic chng thc, mt ng dng qun l ti
khon ngi dng hoc mt ng dng c th ca mt nh sn xut no . N l
mt dy s t 0x00000001 n 0x00ffffff. Sau y l mt s Application-ID:
Bn tin Diameter chung
NASREQ
Mobile-IP
Chc nng Accounting trong Diameter
Relay
255
49
Application ID trong header phi ging vi ni dung cha trong AVP.

Hop-by-Hop Identifier: di 32 bit, gip ph hp gia bn tin yu cu v p ng
trong 1 kt ni trong 1 thi gian
End-to-end Identifier: xc nh bn tin b trng
4.2.3.2 Cu trc AVP
AVP cha thng tin chng thc, y quyn, v thng tin v ti khon ngi dng nh
tuyn, bo mt, thng tin cu hnh c lin quan n yu cu v p ng bn tin. Mi AVP
cha AVP header v AVP data.
Hnh 4.8 Cu trc AVP

4.2.3.2.1 AVP Header
Trng AVP Code: di 32 bit, c qun l bi IANA, dng xc nhn cc
thuc tnh vi trng Vendor-ID. Gi tr t 0-255 dng tng thch vi
RADIUS, cc gi tr cn li dng trong DIAMETER
Trng AVP Flag di 8 bit, c dng VMPrrrrr, mi bit c ngha nh sau:
Bit V (vendor -ID): nu bng mt th thng tin s c cp trong trng
Vendor-ID, ngc li trng Vendor-ID rng.
Bit M (Mandatory): UE s khng nhn bn tin ny nu bit ny bng 0.
Bit P (Protect): nu bng 1 th bn tin c yu cu m ha end-to-end.
Bit r: d tr
50
Trng AVP length: chiu di AVP data

4.2.3.2.2 AVP Data
Trng AVP data c th l rng hoc nhiu octet cha thng tin v thuc tnh c
th.nh dng v chiu di ca trng ny c xc nh bi trng AVP Code v AVP
Length. nh dng ca trng ny l mt trong nhng dng d liu chun sau y:
OctetString,Interger32,Interger64,Unsigned32,Unsigned64,Float32,Float64,Grouped...
tm hiu k v cc dng d liu ny, ngi xem c th tham kho [RFC 3588]. Trong
trng hp cn c mt dng d liu c bn mi cho AVP Data th mt phin bn RFC
mi hn phi c to ra.
Ngoi vic s dng cc dng d liu c bn, trng ny cn c th s dng cc nh dng
d liu khc nhau theo ng dng. C mt s dng d liu theo ng dng nh sau:
Address: dng d liu ny c to ra t dng OctetString ( dng d liu c bn).
N c th l dng a ch 32 bit (Ipv4) hoc 128 bit (IPv6).
Time: dng d liu ny c to ra t OctetString. Chui (string) phi di bn
octet. Dng d liu ny ging nh dng ca SNTP [RFC 2030]
Diameter Identity: dng d liu ny c to ra t OctetString, dng xc nh
s duy nht ca mt nt trong mng, trnh trng hp c nhiu ng kt ni n
mt nt dn n trnh trng b lp trong nh tuyn. Ni dung chui d liu trong
kiu ny l FQDN ca mt nt Diameter.
Ngoi ra cn c cc dng d liu khc nh: UTF8String, DiameterURI,
Enumerated, IPFilterRule, QoSFilterRule, [RFC 3588]
4.2.4 Bo mt trong bn tin Diameter
Client trong giao thc Diameter phi h tr chun IPSec v c th h tr TLS.Server phi
h tr c 2 chun trn. bo mt, khuyn ngh rng nn s dng IPSec cc nt trong
cng mt min nh gia Client v Proxy v s dng TSL bo mt khi c giao dch
51
gia cc min vi nhau. Khi s dng TSL, hai pha phi thng lng mt Cipher key
theo mt trong cc thut ton sau:
RC4_128_MD5
RC4_128_SHA
3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA
AES_128_CBC_SHA
4.2.5 Kh nng kim sot li ca giao thc Diameter
Li trong giao thc Diameter chia thnh 2 loi: li giao thc v li ng dng
Li giao thc
Xy ra cp giao thc c bn nh li nh tuyn. Khi xut hin li, bit E trong trng
Command Flag ca Diameter Header trong bn tin p ng s c bt ln 1 v gi tr
li theo ng n.
Hnh 4.9: Li giao thc trong Diameter
Li ng dng
Xy ra cc ng dng ca Diameter nh chng thc User, mt gi AVP. Khi xut hin
li, bit R trong Command Flag trong bn tin p ng c bt ln 1 v gi li cho User
khi to khng thng qua Agent
52
Hnh 4.10: Li ng dng trong giao thc Diameter
Cc bn tin p ng li trong trng hp c li:

Bng 4.3: Bn tin p ng trong trng hp c li xy ra
4.3 COPS Giao thc COPS

4.3.1 Tng quan v giao thc COPS
COPS l giao thc c IETF chun ha nhm thc hin vic qun l, cu hnh v p t
chnh sch. Giao thc ny hot ng theo m hnh Client-Server. N nh ngha mt giao
thc yu cu v p ng mt cch n gin trong vic trao i thng tin chnh sch v
quyt nh chnh sch gia server v Client. Trong im thc hin chnh sch PEP
53
c xem l Client v server l im quyt nh chnh sch PDP. V mt thnh phn c

bit l im quyt nh chnh sch cc b LPDP, n thay th cho PDP trong vic lin lc
vi PEP khi PDP khng c tm thy. COPS iu khin chnh sch theo 2 m hnh
chnh:
Outsourcing
PEP ch nh mt PDP bn ngoi chu trch nhim x l nhng s kin gi ra t PEP.
M hnh ny cho thy s tng quan one-to-one gia nhng s kin PEP v nhng
quyt nh t mt PDP.
Configuration
Khng ging nh m hnh trc, l khng c s nh x trc tip nhng s kin ti PEP
v nhng quyt nh t PDP. PDP c th cu hnh nhng s kin bn ngoi c khi to
bi mt PEP bt k v s kin gi t PEP c th c x l bi PDP cng khi vi n
hoc PDP thuc khi khc. Xt v mt thi gian th m hnh ny linh ng hn m hnh
outsourcing.
Cops s dng phng thc truyn TCP truyn nhng bn tin ng tin cy gia PEP v
PDP. Khng ging nh giao thc client - server khc, cp bn tin yu cu - p ng ny
phi ph hp vi cp bn tin yu cu - p ng khc. y, server c th p p t chnh
sch cho client v xa nhng chnh sch trn client nu chnh sch khng cn ph hp
na. PEP khi to kt ni TCP n PDP, PEP gi yu cu v nhn nhng quyt nh
chnh sch t PDP v s lin lc gia PEP v PDP l s trao i yu cu, p ng. Tuy
nhin PDP hoc PEP c th gi i nhng bn tin c lp, v d nh PDP gi nhng quyt
nh ti PEP bt buc PEP thay i nhng chnh sch c PDP chp nhn trc
(khng phi bn tin p ng cho nhng yu cu ca PEP) v PEP c th gi nhng bn
tin bo co v trng thi cho PDP. S m rng c th c m t trong phn nh dng
bn tin v nhng phn t mang d liu v chnh sch khng cn yu cu bt k thay i
no trong giao thc.
54
COPS c s dng trong lin lc gia khi PDF v GGSN, to s kt ni gia mng
IMS v mng GPRS nhm cung cp mc bo mt cc bn tin cho vic xc thc, bo
v ton vn bn tin. COPS cng c th ti s dng giao thc v bo mt nh IPSEC hoc
TLS xc thc v bo v knh truyn gia PEP v PDP.
Hnh 4.11: M hnh COPS

4.3.2 Chc nng chnh ca COPS
Giao thc ny giao vic cho Client h tr cho m hnh Client/Server. Trong Client s
gi nhng bn tin: yu cu, cp nht, v xa ti PDP v PDP gi tr nhng quyt nh
cho PEP.
COPS s dng phng thc TCP trao i bn tin gia Server v Client nn ta khng
cn b sung thm chc nng h tr vic lin lc c m bo gia Server v Clients.
COPS thc hin vic qun l, cu hnh, v thc thi cc chnh sch
COPS cung cp mc bo mt cc bn tin cho vic xc thc, pht li bo v, v ton
vn bn tin.COPS cng c th ti s dng giao thc v bo mt nh IPSEC hoc TLS
xc thc v bo v knh truyn gia PEP v PDP.
COPS cho php Server p dng chnh sch cho Client hoc xa chnh sch ang thc thi
trn Client nu n khng cn c s dng na.
55
4.3.2.1 Bn tin COPS

Bn tin ca giao thc COPS gm COPS Header v Object format
4.3.2.1.1 COPS Header
Hnh 4.12: COPS header
Version (4bits): ch phin bn ca giao thc COPS ang c dng, hin nay ang
s dng COPS version 1
Flags (4bits): mc nh l 0, c flag t ln 1 khi bn tin gi i l bn tin DEC, khi
PDP gi bn tin DEC p ng li yu cu ca bn tin REQ do PEP gi ra.
Op Code (8 bits): cho bit hot ng ca COPS.
Bng 4.4: Cc loi Op code trong COPS header
Gi tr
1
Loi
Ni chn
REQ
PEPPDP
Tn
M t
Request
Yu cu quyt nh t PDP v
thit lp mt client handle nhm
xc nh tnh trng ph hp cho
PEP
DEC
PDPPEP
Decision
Tr li mt hoc nhiu quyt nh

(p ng) cho mt yu cu
RPT
PEPPDP
Report state
Bo co li cho PDP bit l PEP

nhn c p ng ca PEP
hay cha v thng bo s thay i
trng thi ca PEP
56
DRQ
PEPPDP
Delete
Thng bo cho PDP bit l
request state
5
SSQ
PDPPEP
Synchronize
PDP gi cho PEP ng b d
state request
liu
OPN
PEPPDP
Client-Open
CAT
PDPPEP
ClientAccept
CC
PEPPDP
Client-Close
khng c h tr
PDPPEP
9
KA
PEPPDP
Cho bit phn t Client-type
Keep-Alive
Kim tra s tn ti ca PDP/PEP
Synchronize
Thng bo s ng b thnh cng
PDPPEP
10
SSC
PEPPDP
complete
Client-type (16 bits): cho bit chnh sch p dng cho Client v xc nh nhng
thc th lin quan. 16 bit s c gi tr trong khong 0x8000 - 0xFFFF. i vi
bn tin KA th Client-type phi t l 0.
Message Length (32 bits): bao gm header chun v phn t rt gn v di
ch trong 4bytes.
4.3.2.2 Object format
57
Hnh 4.13: Object format ca bn tin COPS
Length: chiu di ca Object format

C-num (8 bits): cho bit lp thng tin cha ng trong object
Bng 4.5: Trng C-Num trong Object format ca bn tin COPS

C-num
1
Tn
Handle
Ni chn
M t
Most
Gi tr duy nht xc nh trng

thi c ci t
Context
REQ, DEC
Cho bit phn t no to ra nhng

truy vn
In interface
REQ
a ch v giao tip bn trong ca

PEP
Out interface
REQ
a ch v giao tip bn bn ngoi

ca PEP
Reason code
DRQ
Cho bit l do cc yu cu b xa
Decision
DEC
Quyt nh do PDP to ra
LPDP decision
DEC
Quyt nh do LPDP to ra
Error
CC
Xc nh giao thc b li
Client-specific
REQ,
info
RPT, OPN
DEC, Thng tin v Client
10
Keep-Alive timer CAT
Gi tr b m thi gian
11
PEP
OPN
Xc nh PEP cho PDP
RPT
Loi bo co v trng thi yu cu,
identication
12
Report type
n phi tng ng vi handle c th

13
PDP
redirect CC
PDP c th chuyn tip trc tip

58
14
address
PEP n PDP khc
Last PDP address OPN
a ch ca PDP m PEP kt ni
ln cui
15
Accounting timer CAT
Xc nh thi gian cho vic tnh ph
16
Message
Chui s v s kim bn tin chng
Any
integrity
thc nhm m bo s bo mt cho

nhng yu cu
4.4 Giao thc MEGACO/H. 248

4.4.1 Tng quan v giao thc MEGACO/H.248
Megaco c pht trin bi IETF (a ra vo cui nm 1998), cn H. 248 c a ra
vo thng 5/1999 bi ITU-T. Sau c IETF v ITU-T cng hp tc thng nht giao
thc iu khin MG, kt qu l vo thng 6/2000 chun Megaco/H. 248 ra i.
MEGACO/H248 cung cp mt gii php ton din cho vic iu khin cc MG. Giao
thc ny h tr a phng tin v cc dch v hi thoi nng cao a im cc c php lp
trnh c nng cao nhm tng hiu qu cho cc tin trnh m thoi, h tr c vic m
ho text v binary v thm vo vic m rng cc nh ngha cho cc gi tin.
Megaco/H. 248 l giao thc bo hiu gia Softswitch hoc MGC vi MG (Trunking
Media Gateway, Lines Media Gateway hoc IP Phone Media Gateway). Megaco/H. 248
iu khin MG kt ni cc lung t ngoi.
Megaco/H. 248 tng t vi MGCP v mt cu trc v mi lin h gia b iu khin v
cng gateway, tuy nhin Megaco/H248 h tr a dng hn cc loi mng (v d ATM).
59
Hnh 4.14: MEGACO/H.248 kt ni iu khin Gateway

Trong phn h IMS, giao thc ny hot ng trn im tham chiu Mn, Mp giao tip
MRFC vi MRFP v MGCF vi IMS-MGW
4.4.2 Cu trc Gateway trong Megaco/H.248
60
Hnh 4.15: Cu trc Gateway trong Megaco/H.248

MGC: cung cp bo hiu SIP hoc H.323 v thc hin nh x gia cc giao thc
bo hiu mng chuyn mch knh truyn thng v giao thc bo hiu IP.
MG: cung cp s nh x media v chc nng chuyn m. N kt thc tn hiu
chuyn mch knh v tn hiu media gi v thc hin chuyn a ch
SG: cung cp mi trng bo hiu gia min IP v min chuyn mch knh truyn
thng.
4.4.3 Termination v Context
Megaco c hai khi nim mang tnh tru tng l: Termination v Context
4.4.3.1 Termination
Termination l mt thc th lun l trn MG nh l cc ngun hoc cc lung iu khin,
Termination c duy nht mt s nhn dng (Termination ID) c phn phi bi MG
thi im chng c to ra.
Termication cn biu hin cho cc thc th vt l c thi gian tn ti bn thng tr nh
mt knh TDM
Termination cng biu din cho cc lung thng tin ngn hn nh l cc lung RTP,
thng tn ti trong thi gian chng c s dng.
61
Cc tn hiu c th p dng ln cc Termination, cc tn hiu ny nh l cc thng bo.

Cc Termination cng c th c lp trnh pht hin cc s kin.
4.4.3.2 Context
Context l mt s kt hp gia mt s Termination. C mt Context c bit c gi l
Context rng. N cha cc Termination khng kt hp vi cc Termination khc. Cc
Termination rng c th c cc tham s c kho st hoc sa i v c th c cc s
kin xy ra trn chng.
S lng Termination ln nht trong mt Context ph thuc vo MG. Chng hn, MG
ch a ra kt ni im im th c th ch cho php hai Termination trn mt Context.
Cc MG h tr cc cuc hi ngh a im c th cho php 3 hoc nhiu Termination trn
mt Context.
4.4.3.2.1 Thuc tnh ca context
-contextID
-M hnh (topology):M hnh ca context m t lung media gia cc Termination trong
mt context.Ngc li ,ch ca Termination (nhn/ gi) m t lung media ng
vo/ra ca MG
-S u tin c s dng cho mt context cung cp cho MG thng tin v vic iu
khin u tin .MGC cng c th iu khin s u tin lu lng trong MG khi nhiu
context phi c iu khin ng thi.
-B ch th (indicator) cho cuc goi khn cp cng c cung cp cho php vic iu
khin u tin trong MG.
4.4.3.2.2 To,Xa v sa i context
Megaco c th c dng to context v sa i cc gi tri tham s ca context
ang tn ti.Megaco c cc lnh thm Termination vo context,b Termination ra khi
context v di chuyn termination gia cc context.context b xa hon ton khi
Termination cn li sau cng b xa b hoc di chuyn khi Context.
62
4.4.4 Mt s lnh ca Megaco

Add:lnh add dng thm mt termination vo mt context.lnh Add trn Termination
u tin trong context c dng to context.
Modify:dng sa i cc thuc tnh,cc s kin v cc tn hiu ca termination
Subtract:dng ngt mt Termination t mt Context.lnh ny trn Termination sau
cng trong mt Context dng xa Context .
Move:dng chuyn Termination trong Context ny n Context khc.
Auditvalue:tr li trng thi hin ti ca cc c tnh,cc s kin,cc tn hiu thng k
ca Terminination.
Auditcapabilities:tr li tt c cc gi tr i vi tnh cht ca Termination,cc s kin v
cc tnh hiu c cho php bi MG
Notify:cho php MG thng bo cho MGC bit cc s kin xy ra trong MG
ServiceChange:cho php MG thng bp cho MGC rng mt Termination hoc mt
nhm Termination chun b ri khi hoc tr li dch v.lnh ny cng c dng bi
MG thng bo cho MGC s sn sng ca n.MGC cng c th thng bo chuyn giao
ti MG bng cc lnh gi ServiceChange
4.4.5 hot ng ca MEGACO/H.248
Qu trnh hot ng ca lung giao thc MEGACO/H.248 nh sau:
Bc 1: MGC gi bn tin Modify n MG A v MG B yu cu Termination
pht hin nhc my.
Bc 2: Lnh Modify c cng nhn
Bc 3: GW A pht hin s nhc my v gi cho MGC.
Bc 4: Xc nhn vic nhc my
Bc 5: MGC ghi nhn s kin v gi bn tin n MG xc nhn s kin ny.
63
Bc 6, 7: GW A tch ly cc ch s c quay t ngi dng v gi cc s ny

n MGC trong lnh Notify.
Bc 8: MGC cng nhn vic nhn cc ch s.
Bc 9: MGC quyt nh chui s ng v to cuc gi. N gi lnh Add n
MGA to Context.
Bc 10: GW A tr li MGC v t tn Context, nh b nhn dng Termination
RTP (RTP/ID).
Bc 11: da vo thng tin nhn c t GWA, MGC gi lnh Add cha thng
tin v s bn gi, b m ha, n GWB.
Bc 12: GWB tr li li lnh Add vi mt Context mi gi n MGC
Bc 14: MGC dng lnh Modify yu cu chung. Bn tin cng yu cu GWA
tm kim s nhc my.
Bc 15: User B nhc my, cuc gi c thit lp, RTP Streaming c
truyn 2 chiu t A sang B.
Bc 16: Khi mt trong hai bn gc my ( y v d l bn A), bn tin Modify
yu cu kt thc cuc gi c gi n MGC
Bc 17: MGC nhn c yu cu v gi bn tin Rely p ng
Bc 18, 19: Lnh Subtract c gi t MGC n hai GW yu cu hy kt ni
(hy Termination t mt Context). Sau khi nhn c bn tin Rely t hai Gateway
th kt thc hon ton mt phin gi.
64
Hnh 4.16: Lung giao thc ca MEGACO/H248
65
Chng 5: Cc bc tin ln xy dng IMS

5.1 Gii thiu chuyn mch mm (softswitch)
Chuyn mch mm gip cc mng truyn thng c th cung cp cc dch v da trn nn
mng IP. Cu trc ny tch ring iu khin dch v v truy cp dch v bng cch s
dng mt lp li da trn IP trong mng chuyn mch. N thc hin iu khin cc cng
trung k m rng, cng truy nhp v cc server truy nhp t xa. Chuyn mch mm chy
trn h iu hnh v cc my tnh, n cung cp cc giao din lp trnh ng dng m.
Trong giai on u trin khai cng ngh NGN, softswitch c chn lm thnh phn
iu khin chnh. T khi IMS c chun ha, IMS th hin nhng c tnh vt bc. Do
, IMS c chn thay th softswitch trong NGN.
5.2 So snh IMS v softswitch
Nhng u im ca IMS so vi softswitch c th hin trong bng sau:
Tiu chun so snh

Tnh chun ha
Softswitch
IMS
Khng c t chc no a 3GPP chun ha (Release 5,
ra tiu chun c th, ph Release
6,
Release
7,
thuc vo gii php ca cc Release 8)

Kin trc mng
hng thit b.
- Kin trc mng da trn - Kin trc phn tn theo
s phn tn chc nng iu m hnh server, chc nng
khin v chc nng chuyn iu khin khng tp trung
mch, mi hot ng iu ti mt server m phn tn
khin tp trung MGC.
thnh cc khi P-CSCF, ICSCF, S-CSCF.
- Gm c nm lp: lp qun - c chia thnh bn lp:

l, lp dch v, lp iu lp dch v, lp iu khin,
khin, lp truyn ti v lp lp truyn ti v lp truy
66
truy nhp.
nhp.
- S dng cc giao din lp - S dng cc giao din

trnh m API
Giao thc iu khin v bo SIP,
H.323,
hiu
Kh nng cung cp dch v
c chun ha.
MGCP, Ch yu s dng SIP,
MEGACO/H.248,
Kh nng cung cp dch v
DIAMETER
Kh nng cung cp a dch
v vi cht lng cao, trin
khai dch v nhanh chng
v h thng tnh cc thng
minh.
Kh nng tch hp vi thit C kh nng tng thch, Kh d dng v cc thit b
b ca nh cung cp khc
Bo mt
tuy hi kh khn.
u phi tun theo chun.
C kh nng bo mt tt i C nhiu c ch bo mt
vi cc dch v VoIP.
khc nhau, m bo an ton

thng tin c nhn ca ngi
Lu lng
Chi ph
Vn cn hn ch
dng, an ton cao.

Bng thng rng, p ng
Tit kim
nhu cu ngi dng tt hn

C th qu trnh nng cp
ln hi tn km, nhng sau
s khng tn nhiu chi
ph cho vic qun l, nng
cp, bo dng thit b.
5.3 Cc giai on cn thit chuyn sang mng NGN s dng IMS

tit kim chi ph v m bo phc v lin tc cho cc thu bao hin c, nh khai thc
mng khng xy dng mi h tng m tn dng c s h tng hin c v thc hin
chuyn i tng bc. Mi nh khai thc c phng php, l trnh chuyn i ring theo
hon cnh v c tnh ring ca h. Tuy vy, cch thc chuyn i ln NGN u da vo
m hnh phn lp NGN nh cp chng trc. Vic chuyn i ny c thc hin
67
thng qua mt hoc nhiu bc ty vo mc m rng ca tng gii php.

5.3.1 i vi mng c nh
Giai on 1: To ra khi chc nng m phng PSTN/ISDN
Phng thc chuyn i t PSTN/ISDN sang PBN c s dng nhiu nht l mng
PSTN/ISDN v PBN cng tn ti trong giai on chuyn giao. Gii php ny c thc
hin thng qua 2 bc.
Bc 1: Ti bc ny mt vi tng i ni ht LE c thay th bng cc AG.
Cc chc nng ca LE s c cung cp bi AG v CS. Cc thit b truy nhp
khc nh: thit b truy nhp hoc cc thit b truy nhp t xa ca ngi s dng
v cc tng i ni b PABX kt ni vi cc tng i LE b thay th s kt
ni trc tip vi AG. Trong bc ny cng c th trin khai cc AG b sung
cung cp dch v cho cc thu bao mi. Cc TG v SG c trin khai phi
hp kt ni gia PBN v mng PSTN/ISDN ca cc nh cung cp dch v
khc. Tt c cc AG v TG c iu khin bi CS.
Bc 2: Trong bc ny, tt c cc tng i ni ht LE cn li s c thay
th bng cc AG v cc tng i chuyn tip TE s c loi b, cc chc
nng ca TE s c thc hin ti CS. Cc TG v SG c trin khai phi
hp kt ni gia PBN v mng PSTN/ISDN ca cc nh cung cp dch v
khc. Tt c cc AG v TG c iu khin bi CS
Giai on 2: S dng ng thi c mng hin ti v khi m phng
Trong giai on ny mng c chuyn i ln kin trc mng li NGN. Cc thu bao s
s dng trc tip cc thit b u cui NGN hoc cc thit b u cui truyn thng kt
ni thng qua NGN-AG kt ni vi mng. Cu trc mng theo NGN cho php mng
mi c th cung cp, bn cnh cc dch v tng t nh cc dch v c cung cp bi
mng PSTN/ISDN, cc dch v NGN khc cho cc u cui NGN. Cc TG v SG c
trin khai phi hp kt ni gia mng NGN vi mng PSTN/ISDN ca cc nh cung
cp dch v khc.
68
Giai on 3: Mng NGN

Trong giai on cui cng ny, cc khi softswitch trong mng phng to hay m phng
PSTN/ISDN cn li s c b sung cc tnh nng ca cc CSCF. C s d liu ngi
dng c tp trung ti cc nt HSS. Chc nng SLF cng c trin khai gip cho
vic xc nh thng tin thu bao. Chc nng NASS cng cn uc b sung c th qun
l thu bao xDSL kt ni vo mng. Kh nng lin vn gia mng di ng v c nh
c m bo mc ti a.
5.3.2 Phng n pht trin mng di ng
Giai on 1: Gi ho mng di ng
Mng di ng hin ti ca VNPT gm phn mng li chuyn mch knh (cho dch v
thoi) v phn li chuyn mch gi (cho dch v truyn s liu). Bc u tin trong l
trnh pht trin mng l tch hp lu lng thoi v lu lng truyn s liu vo mng li
IP c h tr QoS. Cc bc cn thc hin l:
1. Xy dng mng li IP c h tr cht lng dch v.
2. Tch MSC thnh MSC server v MGW.
Giai on ny cha em li s thay i no trong dch v thu bao. Tuy nhin, vic tch
hp lu lng vo mt mng li IP s gip gim chi ph vn hnh mng mt cch ng
k, h tr vic gim cc ph dch v thoi, tng tnh cnh tranh cho nh cung cp dch
v.
Giai on 2: B sung chc nng iu khin phin
Vic chuyn i c tip tc vi vic b sung thm chc nng CSCF vo lp iu khin
mng thng qua cc bc sau:
1. Chuyn i chc nng ca MSC server thnh MGCF (c nhim v chuyn
i bo hiu SS7/IP thnh bo hiu SIP, v iu khin cc media gateway
trong mng).
2. B sung CSCF vo lp iu khin.
3. B sung chc nng chuyn i gia bo hiu IN vi bo hiu ca IMS (IM
SSF), cho php giao tip gia CSCF vi dch v IN hin c.
69
4. Nng cp khi HLR thnh HSS.

5. Nng cp thit b u cui di ng h tr IMS (h tr SIP, VoIP).
6. Nu cn thit, nng cp mng truy nhp v tuyn ln 3/4G.
C th thy l trong giai on ny, lu lng thoi v lu lng s liu vn c chuyn
ti trn 2 mng ring (mc d vn trong cng mt mng chuyn ti IP chung).
Giai on 3: Hon thin lp iu khin IMS
Chuyn i mng ca giai on 2 thnh mng tun th IMS (3GPP Release 7) theo cc
bc sau:
1. MGW khng kt ni trc tip vi RNC m kt ni qua mng GPRS.
2. Cc chc nng cn thit khc nh PEF (ti GGSN) hay PDF cng cn c
b sung (ti P-CSCF).
3. Nng cp thit b di ng u cui h tr IP QoS.
Ti thi im ny, mng di ng v mng c nh c th hot ng lin vn hon ton v
h tr di ng gia hai mng. Cu hnh mng c th ch gm 1 hoc 2 phn iu khin
IMS trong ton b mng. Thay v mi cng ty vng s hu mt phn IMS th c th cung
cp 1 phn h IMS cho phn mng c nh v mt h thng khc cho mng di ng nh
hnh sau.
70
Hnh 5.1: M hnh mng hi t vi hai vng IMS (c nh v di ng)

Hi t mng l mt xu hng quan trng i vi mt nh khai thc mng c nh v di
ng. lm c iu ny, chng em xut vic pht trin mng c nh v mng di
ng mt cch ng thi. Mc tiu cui cng l hai mng c th hot ng lin thng c
v truyn ti cng nh dch v da trn kin trc chun IMS.
Chng 6: DEMO
6.1 M hnh m phng NGN
Trong chng ny, chng em thc hin mt m hnh mng NGN hon chnh t lp ng
dng n lp truy cp. Ton b phn m phng s dng theo IP v tn gi theo m hnh
nh sau:
71
Hnh 6.1: M hnh m phng mng NGN

Vi m hnh ny, ngi dng c th thc hin thoi, thoi hnh nh, chat, truyn d liu
hay xem IPTV-VoD khi kt ni vi mng li IMS. Lp ng dng s l mt my tnh s
dng h iu hnh Ubuntu 8.10 ng vai tr l mt AS tch hp IPTV-VoD. Lp iu
khin c m phng trn mt my tnh khc s dng h iu hnh Ubuntu 8.10. Lp
truyn ti s dng my tnh th ba, m phng mng li MPLS trn phn mm GNS3.
Cui cng, lp truy nhp, mt hoc nhiu my client s dng softphone h tr IMS. Nh
vy, phn demo c th m phng mt giao dch tht s gn ging trong thc t.
6.2 Lp ng dng m phng IPTV
6.2.1 Gii thiu
Xu hng pht trin mng th h sau NGN hin nay l chuyn t Softswitch sang IMS do
IMS em li kh nng cung ng dch v a phng tin cho ngi s dng u cui m
khng b ph thuc vo v tr, cng ngh truy nhp mng v vo thit b u cui ca
ngi s dng. IMS h tr cc loi hnh dch v khc nhau (thoi, d liu, hnh nh v
kh nng tch hp ca c ba loi hnh dch v ni trn - Tripple Play m in hnh l dch
v IPTV), cc cng ngh mng v cc thit b u cui. c bit, trn nn tng IMS, yu
72
t di ng v truy nhp khng dy tr nn kh thi, cng to iu kin cho IPTV pht trin
thnh mt trong nhng dng dch v Quad-Play.
Nhiu nh cung cp dch v bt u trin khai cc dch v triple play trn DSL, trong
IPTV l mt thnh phn dch v quan trng. Tuy nhin mi dch v trong nhm dch
v triple play ny (nh IPTV, VoIP) li c c cu iu khin dch v, cc h thng h tr
tnh cc v iu hnh ring ca n, iu ny lm tng s phc tp ca ton th kin trc
dch v triple play. Hn na, cc nh cung cp dch v cn phi phn bit dch v ca
mnh vi cc nh cung cp dch v khc c cng nhm dch v. V th vic nghin cu v
cc nn tng tng tc dch v IPTV v IMS ra i nhm lm gim phc tp ca
mng v m hnh kin trc ca IPTV. Kin trc IPTV trn nn IMS c th cung cp cc
dch v IPTV c iu khin v x l bi IMS v c th chuyn tip c lp cc dch v
IPTV vi mng truyn ti IP bn di.
6.2.2 Cch cu hnh IPTV trn IMS
Trong chng trnh m phng ny my Application Server v Media Streaming server
c ci trn hai my ring bit nhng u s dng h iu hnh Fedora core 9. Qua qu
trnh th nghim mt s h iu hnh ngun m khc, chng em nhn thy Fedora l
phin bn hot ng n nh, h tr nhiu dch v, rt thch hp cho vic trin khai cc
ng dng mi v sau.
Khi mt UE ng k yu cu s dng IPTV-VoD th qu trnh thc hin nh sau:
Bc 1: UE gi bn tin yu cu INVITE cha tn dch v cn s dng n PCSCF
Bc 2: P-CSCF chuyn tip bn tin yu cu qua lp iu khin n AS sau khi
chng thc c ngi dng.
Bc 3: AS kim tra yu cu xc nh knh m UE yu cu v kim tra trong
c s d liu xem c kh nng p ng hay khng. Nu p ng c, AS gi p
ng 200 OK cha a ch ca Media Server cha knh m UE yu cu.
73
Bc 4: UE gi bn tin gi yu cu bng giao thc RTSP n Media Server cha

knh mun yu cu.
Bc 5: Lung truyn thng RTP s truyn qua li gia UE v Media Server khi
UE s dng dch v.
Cc bc cu hnh IPTV nh sau:
Hnh 6.2: M hnh IPTV
Bc 1: Cu hnh AS Server
Ci t cc gi ph thuc:
libosip2-3.2.0.tar.gz
libeXosip2-3.2.0.tar.gz
Sa thng tin trong .bash dch v khi ng cng h thng:

74
LIBDIR=/usr/local/lib
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LIBDIR:/usr/lib
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
Ti v v ci t gi UCTIPTV_ADVANCED bng lnh make ti:
https://developer.berlios.de/project/showfiles.php?group_id=7844
Chnh sa tp tin key-value-file nh x tn knh m UE yu cu
n Media Server thch hp. Tp tin ny c th nm ng dn

/usr/share/iptv khi ci trc tip t internet hoc nm ti th mc ci t nu ci
bng gi. Chnh file c ni dung nh sau:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<key-value_pairs>
<key-value_pair>
<key>channel1</key>
value>rtsp://media_server_address.domain:8000/requested_chann
el</value>
</key-value_pair>
</key-value_pairs>
Trong , media_server_address.domain l a ch Media Server. Trong m hnh
ny l 192.168.1.201 hay iptv.ims.vn.
Chy AS: dng key-value-file va to bc trn bng lnh:
#./uctiptv_as key_value_file
Bc 2: Cu hnh Media Server
Darwin Streaming Server (DSS) l mt sn phm ca hng Apple dng phn
phi cc ni dung a phng tin. y l mt phn mm min ph, c c phin
bn chy trn Windows v Linux. Bn mi nht hin nay l 6.0.3. Vi bn ny,
75
qu trnh cu hnh c phc tp hn. Trong bi m phng ny s dng bn 5.5.5

c xem l chy n nh nht.
Ti DSS ti: http://dss.macosforge.org/
To nhm qtss v ngi dng qtss thuc nhm qtss c mt khu l 123. y l
ngi dng mc nh c yu cu ci t DSS. Sau khi ci t thnh cng,
chng ta c th gn quyn qun l cho ngi dng khc.
# groupadd qtss
# useradd g qtss qtss
# passwd qtss
Ci t DSS: di chuyn n ng dn cha DSS ti v
Gii nn:
# tar -xzvf DarwinStreamingSrvr5.5.5-Linux.tar.gz
Ci t:
#./Install
Chy DSS:
# /usr/local/sbin/streamingadminserver.pl
Tp tin cu hnh: /etc/streaming/streamingadminserver.conf
Khi m tp tin ny, ta s thy port mc nh UE kt ni vo DSS l 554, 7070,
8000, 8001. Ta c th thay i port mc nh ny.
Kim tra xem port 1220, port iu khin DSS, hot ng cha
# netstat -an | grep 1220
ng dn cha cc tp tin nhc, phim mc nh:
/usr/local/movies
Ta c th truy nhp v cu hnh DSS thng qua giao din web:
76
http://192.168.1.201:1220 vi user l qtss, password l 123.

Sau khi thc hin cc bc cu hnh c bn ban u, ta c giao din nh sau:
Hnh 6.3: Giao din web ca DSS

Vi giao din ny, ta c th tt hoc m DSS bng nt Disable Server, c c mt s
thng tin c bn nh IP 192.168.1.201, phin bn DSS, lu lng media. Ngoi ra, cn
c cc tin ch rt hu dng cho ngi qun l:
Connected Users: cho bit thng tin cc kt ni n DSS ti thi
im . Thng tin bao gm: IP ca UE, bit Rate, dung lng truyn, t l mt
gi, thi gian kt ni v kt ni n ti nguyn no.
General Settings: cc thit lp c bn gm: mt khu, ni cha ti
nguyn, s kt ni ti a cho php, bng thng ti a cho php, phng php

chng thc,
Port Settings: cho php kt ni n IPTV Server qua port 80
Relay Settings: nh ngha cc my Server khc c th lm im
trung gian chuyn tip ni dung a phng tin
Log Settings: cha cc ghi nhn s kin ca DSS, phc v c lc
cho ngi qun l.

77
Playlists: nh ngha cc knh cho ngi dng s dng.
Bc 3: Cu hnh HSS chuyn cc yu cu s dng IPTV n AS

Sau khi hon tt cc bc trn, trn phn h IMS s chuyn cc yu cu c dng
@iptv.ims.vn sang my ch ng dng. My AS m port 8010 lng nghe v ch kt
ni. Khi c yu cu t client, AS s tra trong tp tin key_value_file v gi li p ng a
ch ca Media Server. Khi , client s s dng trc tip t Media Server qua giao thc
RTSP v RTP bng port: 554, 7070, 8000.
6.3 Lp iu khin
6.3.1 Gii thiu
Open IMS Core l mt d n m ngun m ca vin FOKUS ca c bao gm:
Call Session Control Functions (CSCFs).
Home Subscriber Server (HSS) tuy nhin dng thu gn v c gi l FHoSS.
6.3.2 Cch xy dng ims core
Bc 1: ci t cc phn mm cn thit t source code
To th mc cha cc file ci t
#mkdir /opt/OpenIMSCore
#cd /opt/OpenIMSCore
#mkdir FHoSS
#mkdir ser_ims
Ti source code
#apt-get install subversion
#svn checkout http://svn.berlios.de/svnroot/repos/ OpenIMSCore
/FHoSS/trunk FHoSS
78
#svn checkout http://svn.berlios.de/svnroot/repos/ OpenIMSCore

/ser_ims/trunk ser_ims
#apt-get install sun-java6-jdk mysql-server libmysqlclient15-dev libxml2-dev
bind9 antflexbison
# cd FHoSS
# ant compile deploy
# cd ..
# cd ser_ims
# make install-libs all
# cd ..
Bc 2: chnh sa file c s d liu
#vi /opt/OpenIMSCore/ser_ims/cfg/icscf.sql
Thay i open-ims.test thnh ims.vn
Thm 2 users:
grant delete,insert,select,update on icscf.* to icscf@192.168.1.200
identified by 'heslo';
grant
delete,insert,select,update
on
icscf.*
to
provisioning@192.168.1.200 identified by 'provi';

#vi /opt/OpenIMSCore/FHoSS/scripts/hss_db.sql
Thm user:
grant delete,insert,select,update on hss_db.* to hss@192.168.1.200
identified by 'hss';
#vi /opt/OpenIMSCore/FHoSS/scripts/userdata.sql
Thay i open-ims.test thnh ims.vn
79
Bc 3: thay i cu hnh cc file *.cfg, *.xml, *.sh

Copy file cu hnh:
#cp ser_ims/cfg/*.cfg
#cp ser_ims/cfg/*.xml
#cp ser_ims/cfg/*.sh
Chy lnh sau thay i thng tin v domain v ip
./configurator.sh pcscf.cfg icscf.cfg icscf.xml scscf.cfg scscf.xml ser_ims/cfg/icscf.sql
FHoSS/deploy/DiameterPeerHSS.xml FHoSS/deploy/hss.properties
FHoSS/scripts/hss_db.sql FHoSS/scripts/userdata.sql
Domain name: ims.vn
IP Address: 192.168.1.200
File to changeFile to change ["all" for everything, "exit" to quit]: all changing
Bc 4: thit lp c s d liu
To mt account root pass 123
#mysqladmin -u root password 123
To c s d liu:
#mysql uroot p< ser_ims/cfg/icscf.sql
#mysql uroot p< FHoSS/scripts/hssdb.sql
#mysql uroot p< FHoSS/scripts/userdata.sql
Bc 5: thay i cu hnh cho FHoSS
Vo ng dn: /opt/OpenIMSCore/FHoSS/deploy/*
Thay i cc thng tin:
80
Domain name: chuyn open-ims.test bng ims.vn

IP: chuyn 127.0.0.1 thnh 192.168.1.200
Cu hnh DNS, vo ng dn: /etc/bind
Cu hnh tp tin resolv.conf thit lp my ims core lm DNS
Vo ng dn /etc/resolv.conf, thm dng sau:
nameserver 192.168.1.200
Khi ng li dch v:
#/etc/init.d/bind9 restart
Bc 6: Khi ng IMS
Start pcscf
#./pcscf.sh
Listen port: 192.168.1.200:4060
81
Hnh 6.8: Giao din hot ng ca P-CSCF

Start icscf
#./icscf.sh
Listen port: 192.168.1.200:5060
82
Hnh 6.9: Giao din hot ng ca I-CSCF

Start scscf
#./scscf.sh
Listen port: 192.168.1.200:6060
83
Hnh 6.10: Giao din hot ng ca S-CSCF

Start FHoSS
#./fohss.sh
Listen port: 192.168.1.200:3868
Listen port for Diameter Cx from ICSCF: 192.168.1.200:3869
Listen port for Diameter Cx from SCSCF: 192.168.1.200:3870
Listen port for Tomcat webserver: 192.168.1.200:8090
84
Hnh 6.11: Giao din hot ng ca HSS
Hnh 6.12: giao din qun l user ca HSS

85
Lnh kim tra port:

netstat -an | grep 4060
6.4 lp truy nhp
6.4.1 gii thiu
Client chnh l UE cp phn trn. Hin nay c rt nhiu phn mm c chc nng
thc hin cc yu cu dch v cho UE nh: Mercuro Client, UCT Client v OpenIC_Lite,
IMS Communicator, Counterpath X-lite. Trong phn demo ny, chng em dng phn
mm UCT IMS Client kt ni vi IMS core. UCT IMS client h tr cc tnh nng
nh:
Instant Message
Audio Call
Video Call
XCAP/XDMS support
QoS options
Preference and Codec options
Buddy list with Presence support
AKA, MD5 authentication
86
IPTV support for IPTV server

PDP and PEP functionality with the Open Source IMS Core
6.4.2 ci t utc client
Ci cc gi ph thuc:
Linux-based operating system
libosip2 (3.0.3 with version 1.0.10 and 2.2.3 earlier versions)
libexosip2 (3.0.3 with version 1.0.10 and 2.2.3 earlier versions)
libgtk2-0
libxml2
libcurl3
libgstreamer0.10-0
libgstreamer-plugins-base0.10
libvlc0
vlc
Ci UCT IMS client t gi .deb
dpkg -i uctimsclient1.0.12.deb
Cu hnh UCT IMS Client:
Sau khi cu hnh thnh cng IMS, h thng to sn hai ngi dng c tn l
Bob@ims.vn v Alice@ims.vn. Do , ngay sau khi ci t, ta c th s dng ngay chnh
ngi dng tn Bob v Alice thc hin dch v nh: ng k, xa ng k, gi, xem
iptv ( channel 1, 2, 3),
87
Hnh 6.13: Giao din ca trnh Option v IPtv trong UCT IMS client.
Nu c ngi dng mi, y ta cu hnh mt ngi dng tn tinh, c kha nhn dng
ngi dng chung l tinh@ims.vn, ta tin hnh nh sau:
Vo Options/Preferences:
88
Hnh 6.14: Giao din cu hnh Preferences: tab Profile v IMS
89
Hnh 6.15: Giao din cu hnh Preferences: tab Media v XDMS

Tab Profile cho php cu hnh: cc dch v, tinh nng ca tng ngi dng
Tab IMS: cu hnh cc thng s chng thc v tn min
Tab Media: cu hnh a ch IPTV Server v cc thng s truyn thng a phng
tin.
Tab XDMS: ch ra tp tin cu hnh Xcap Server
90
6.4.3 kt qu t c
Hnh 6.16: Giao din ca UCT client khi Bob ng k.
91
Hnh 6.17: Giao din UCT IMS Client khi Alice gi Bob
Hnh 6.18: Giao din gi tin nhn trong UCT IMS Client
92
Hnh 6.19: giao din VLC khi client s dng dch v VoD
Hnh 6.20: Giao din DSS khi c ngi dng kt ni
93
Chng 7: Tng kt v hng pht trin

Vi ni dung t ra l tm hiu kin trc IMS trn nn mng NGN, lun vn a ra
c kin trc tng qut nht ca mt phn h IMS theo tiu chun ca t chc 3GPP.
Bn cnh , lun vn cng l gii vai tr, nhim v, chc nng ca cc thnh phn,
giao din, v mt s th tc thc hin trong phn h IMS. Hn na, bi bo co cn trnh
by phng php xy dng mng IMS t nn tng mng hin c. y l mt trong nhng
im khc bit vi ti khc.
Vi mc tiu t ra, ti thc hin c cc ni dung sau:
1. Tm hiu v kin trc mng IMS trn nn mng li NGN thy c vai tr hi
t mng v tch hp dch v ca phn h ny. Hi t mng v tch hp dch v l
vn then cht khi xy dng mng NGN.
2. Trnh by cc th tc s dng dch v thy c hot ng ca phn h ny
trong NGN. Ni dung ny gip ngi c hiu su hn v kim chng li chc
nng cc thc th trong phn h.
3. Lun vn gii thiu mt s giao thc chnh s dng trong phn h IMS, c
bit l giao thc SIP v Diameter. y l hai giao thc da trn nn text to nn
s khc bit gia IMS v cc h thng khc.
4. Lun vn nu ln tnh hnh mng vin thng hin ti v a ra xut tng
bc xy dng h thng IMS trn nn mng NGN da trn h tng mng hin ti.
5. Gii thiu v xy dng thnh cng m hnh mng NGN bao gm: client truy cp,
mng li MPLS truyn dn, IMSCore iu khin dch v v my ch ng dng
IPTV Server. Vi m hnh ny, client c th truy cp thc hin y dch v
Tripple Play nh: thoi, video call, chat, truyn nhn d liu, xem IPTV,
6. Kt hp vi ti QoS over Tripple Play m bo cht lng dch v t u
cui n du cui.
94
Do tch cht thc hin lun vn nm mc nn tng trong nghin cu v IMS, nn ti

ny gii hn nhng ni dung trn. Nu c iu kin, chng em s tip tc nghin cu
pht trin cc vn sau:
1. Xy dng h thng tnh ph hon chnh. Tnh ph l mt u im ln ca IMS so
vi cc h thng khc. IMS cung cp kh nng tnh cc phc tp hn nhiu so
vi h thng ti khon tr trc hay tr sau, v d nh vic tnh cc theo tng
dch v s dng hay phn chia cc gia cc nh cung cp dch v v nh cung
cp mng. Ngi s dng s ch nhn mt bng tnh cc ph duy nht t mt nh
cung cp mng thng tr.
2. Bo mt trong IMS: nghin cu vn bo mt trong IMS trnh cc nguy c tn
cng t internet, tch hp vi ti h thng pht hin v phng chng xm nhp
IDP trn nn tng m ngun m
3. M rng dch v: B sung thm cc dch v khc nh internet di ng tc cao,
xem video trc tuyn,
4. Trin khai IMS trn nn IPv6: IPv4 ang dn cn kit. Do , khi trin khai IMS
trn thc t, mi thit b c mt IP. Nh th, IPv6 l gii php kh thi nht.
IMS trn nn mng NGN l mt cng ngh mng tin tin, c th nh hng pht trin
theo hng hi t mng di ng v c nh trong tng lai. Vic xy dng phn h ny
gip cho nh khai khc s nng lc cung cp cc loi hnh dch v a phng tin cho
ngi dng u cui. Vi nhng c tnh nh th, IMS ang l tiu im nghin cu pht
trin ca nhiu t chc chun ha vin thng v cng ty in t tin hc. Vi phm vi ca
mt ti tt nghip, bi bo co khng th trnh by ht mi kha cnh ca IMS. Tuy
vy, chng em hi vng rng vi nhng kt qu t c trong lun vn s phn no gip
cho ngi c d dng tip cn cng ngh IMS.
Chng em chn thnh cm n!
95
Ti liu tham kho

[1] Miikka Poikselka, George Mayer, Hisham Khartabil and Aki Niemi, The IMS IP
Multimedia Concepts and Services, John Wiley & Sons 2nd.
[2] Gilles Bertrarfd, The IP Multimedia subsystem in Next Generation Networks,
newspapers, 2007.
[3] Miikka Poikselka, George Mayer, Hisham Khartabil and Aki Niemi, The IMS IP
Multimedia Concepts and Services in the Mobile Domain, John Wiley & Sons.
[4] Luc De Ghein, MPLS Fundamentals, No.1897
[5]Web: Open Source IMS: http://www.openimsscore.org/
[6]Web: UCT IMS Client:
http://uctimsclient.berlios.de/openimscore_on_ubuntu_howto.html
[7]Web: din n VNTelecom, ch IMS IP Multimedia Subsystem
http://vntelecom.org/diendan/showthread.php?t=438
[8]Web: din n VNTelecom, ch Open IMS Core:
http://vntelecom.org/diendan/showthread.php?t=731
[9]Web: din n Ubuntu Vit Nam: http://forum.ubuntu-vn.org/
[10]Web: http://www.tapchibcvt.gov/
96

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Li m u

5.3.2 Phng n pht trin mng di ng ................................................................69

Mobile Network Code

Terminal Access Controller Access Control System

Chng 1: Tng quan v IMS trn nn NGN 1.............................................................XVI

Hnh4.3 Diameter Proxy Agent nh tuyn cc bn tin da vo bng nh tuyn. . .46

4.2.4 Bo mt trong bn tin Diameter......................................................................51

4.4 Giao thc MEGACO/H. 248.................................................................................59

5.3.1 i vi mng c nh......................................................................................68

Chng 6: DEMO 71....................................................................................................XIV

4.1.2 Cu trc SIP.....................................................................................................41

4.2.4 Bo mt trong bn tin Diameter......................................................................51

4.4 Giao thc MEGACO/H. 248.................................................................................59

5.3 Cc giai on cn thit chuyn sang mng NGN s dng IMS........................67

Chng 1: Tng quan v IMS trn nn NGN

cp dch v v khai thc mng to ra mt mi trng c lp, cc dch v n l, khng c

Hnh 1.1: S hi t mng

Hnh 1.2: V tr IMS trong NGN

Chng 2: Kin trc phn h IMS

Hnh 2.1: SLF ch nh HSS ph hp

tm c a ch ca HSS, I-CSCF hoc S-CSCF phi gi n SLF bn tin yu cu

cp c nh ngha ti P-CSCF. Khi nhn c yu cu phin khn cp th P-CSCF c

hin vic n cu hnh mng th khi c s lin lc vi mng khc, yu cu kt ni t

lm a ch cho cuc gi th S-CSCF s chuyn i s MSISDN thnh a ch SIP ri sau

Hnh 2.3: M t vai tr nh tuyn ca S-CSCF

dng nhng ch dn MEGACO/H.248 iu khin MRFP. MRFC c th gi thng tin

Hnh 2.5: V tr cc im tham chiu trong IMS

2.2.3.1 im tham chiu Gm

2.2.3.3 im tham chiu Mw

Th tc qun l v tr c th chia ra thnh 2 nhm: Nhm ng k v xa ng k v

2.2.3.8 im tham chiu ISC

2.3.1.2 Kha nhn dng ngi dng chung

C th ng k nhiu kha nhn dng ngi dng chung trong cng mt yu cu

2.3.2 Giao tip vi mng PS

Hnh 2.6: Qu trnh thit lp cuc gi t mng IMS ra mng CS CN v ngc li

Chng 3: Mt s th tc trong mng IMS

tn min mng nh, kha nhn min mng nh, kha

mng dng chung v ring, thng nhn dng chung v ring,

thng s bo mt, thng

thm kha nhn dng

ngi dng chung n cu

dng chung v ring UE,

c m ha, thng s bo ngi dng ng k,

thng tin ca ngi dng, thng tin ngi dng, tn

dng, thng s chn S-CSCF, thng s chn S-CSCF,

thng s thng s mng khch nu thng tin v nhng ngi

ngi dng chuyn vng

dng ng k, tn SCSCF cho ngi dng.

cho UE trong lc ng k nn I-CSCF s khng gi bn tin Cx-SELECT PULL yu cu

Hnh 3.2: Th tc xa ng k thc hin bi UE

Cc bc thc hin nh sau:

Bc 1: UE gi yu cu REGISTER mi vi yu cu thi gian l 0 giy. Thng

Bc 8: HSS s gi p ng Cx-Put Resp ti S-CSCF bo nhn Cx-Put

Hnh 3.3: Th tc xa ng k khi ht thi gian ng k

Khi UE ng k thnh cng, c mt b Timer c bt ln. Khi Timer ny ht hn, m

Bc 4: HSS s gi Cx-Put Resp ti S-CSCF bo nhn s gi Cx-Put.

Hnh 3.4: Th tc xa ng k khi to bi HSS

, trng thi nhn dng thu bao c lu tr nh cha c ng k HSS. Nu

Hnh 3.5: Th tc xa ng k thc hin bi S-CSCF

3.2 Th tc thit lp phin

Bc 3: P-CSCF#1 chuyn tip bn tin INVITE n S-CSCF#1 m UE#1 bit

Bc 20: Ty thuc vo chnh sch ca nh khai thc dch v m P-CSCF#2 s

Bc 8: Ngi khi to quyt nh a ra cc phng tin truyn thng v

Originating Home Network