CAPACITOR STARTING & RUNNING OF INDUCTION MOTOR & METHOD OF REVERSING THE DIRECTION OF ROTATION

AIM: effect of capacitor on the starting & running of the single phase induction motor and method of reversing the direction of rotation.

Object: to find the need of a capacitor in auxiliary winding circuit of single phase induction motor both in starting and running condition and to know how the reversal of direction of rotation may be achieved. Apparatus: 1. Single phase induction motor split phase type with capacitor in the auxiliary windings 1 no. 2. Voltmeter 1 no. 3. Ammeter 1 no. 4. Single phase wattmeter 1 no. Circuit diagram:
MCB
S TAR TER WINDING A

230V, 50HZ

V RUNING WINDING

Theory: A single phase motor has auxiliary winding can be considered as equivalent to a 2 phase motor having a single supply. But because that the two windings are not an identical i.e. impedance of main and auxiliary windings are different, the two currents IM and IA will have a time phase displacement. By any means the time phase displacement between the two currents , IM and IA flowing through the two windings can be made 90 degree , a single phase motor will be behave exactly like a two phase motor. The time phase displacement between IM and IA can be increased by using the capacitor in the auxiliary windings. The capacitor will also improve the overall power factor of the motor. The direction of rotation of a split phase type induction motor having main and auxiliary of the main windings, gets reversed if the current direction in the auxiliary windings is reversed. This is

done by the reversing the two terminals connections of the auxiliary across the supply by using the two ways switch.

Procedure: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Make the connections as per the circuit diagram. Switch on the supply and not the direction of oration of the motor. Remove the auxiliary winding connections by switching off the supply. Switch on the supply and note that rotor does not move. Give slight rotations to the rotor in a particular direction and note that the rotor picks up speed in the direction. 6. Reconnect the auxiliary windings across the supply but without the capacitor was connected. 7. Allow the rotor to rotate and record voltmeter, ammeter, and wattmeter readings. 8. Run the motor with auxiliary windings connected across the supply with the capacitor in the circuit. 9. Hold the rotor by hand and then release the rotor and record the motor readings. 10. Note the direction of rotations of the rotor. 11. Interchange the terminal connection of the motors auxiliary windings across the supply. Switch on the supply and note the direction of rotation of the rotor.

Observation table: Sno. Power input in watts Input voltage in volts Input current in the amperes Direction of roation

Without capacitor in the auxiliary windings With capacitor in the auxiliary windings