Bai Thuc Hanh HFSS

Bo Co Thc Hnh Chuyn Ngnh in T Vin Thng
THIT K, M PHNGV KHO ST CC THNG S K

THUT CA ANTEN VI DI
I.MC CH
Gip cho sinh vin hiu c vai tr,v tr ca anten trong cc h thng
truyn thng v tuyn. Sinh vin c tin hnh m phng kho st cc thng s
k thut ca anten bng phn mm m phng HFSS, tnh ton thit k v ch to
anten vi di hot ng di tn yu cu, s dng my phn tch mng (network
analyzer) o c kho st cc thng s k thut ca mt s anten mu.
II. C S L THUYT
Anten l thit b quan trng khng th thiu trong mi h thng truyn
thng khng dy. N l thit b chuyn i sng in t rng buc trong cc h
nh hng thnh sng in t lan truyn trong khng gian t do v ngc li.
Anten v ng dy dn (feeder) ng vai tr l thit b ghp gia cc mch in
t v khng gian t do, feeder l b phn giao tip gia anten v mch in t.
Ng vo ca feeder phi phi hp tr khng vi my pht, cn antenna pht nhn
nng lng t my pht qua feeder v bc x ra khng gian. Ngoi vic phi hp
tr khng yu cu i vi anten cn phi p ng v li v phng hng bc
x.
Hin nay, ty thuc vo mc ch s dng ca cc h thng truyn thng
v tuyn ngi ta s dng rt nhiu loi anten khc nhau, nh anten parabol vi
li v tnh nh hng cao thng c s dng trong truyn hnh, thng tin vi
ba, thng tin v tinh... cn u cui thng s dng cc loi anten nh nh
anten Yagi,anten dy,... v c bit cng vi s pht trin mnh m v cng ngh
ca cc u cui di ng th anten vi di ngy cng c s dng rng ri v
khng ngng ci tin p ng nhu cu ca ngi s dng.
Anten vi di (hay anten mch in) c kch thc rt nh c cu to gm mt
lp kim loi l mt bc x, mt lp kim loi khc gi l mt t (mn chn kim
loi ), mt lp in mi gia hai lp kim loi trn v b phn tip in. Anten vi
di c nhiu hnh dng nh hnh trn,hnh tam gic, hnh vung, hnh ch nht...
trong , loi ph bin nht c kt cu hnh ch nht v c hng tnh, li cao
ng thi d kt hp vi cc mch in t trn cng mt mch in.
Gio vin hng dn: TH.S L Th Kiu Nga
TH.S Nguyn Th Minh
1
Cc thng s k thut c bn ca anten
- Tn s cng tc ca anten l tn s cng hng ca anten. Anten lun lm
vic ch cng hng v khi cng sut bc x ca anten l ln nht.
- H s nh hng ca anten theo hng cc i c nh ngha bng t
s cng trng bc x ti mt v tr trn hng v cng trng
bc x ca mt anten chun cng v tr tng ng (D). H s tng ch (
li) ca anten (G=e.D), trong e l hiu sut bc x ca anten;
- Tr khng vo ca anten : Z
A
= R
A
+ jX
A
Khi kt ni anten vi feeder cn ch ti iu kin phi hp tr
khng,Thng thng tr khng c tnh ca feeder l R
0
ph hp tr
khng th Z
A
= R
0
- H s tn hao RL (dB) nh gi mc phn x ca sng ti im kt ni
anten vi feeder
- H s sng ng SWR nh gi mc khng phi hp tr khng gia
anten v feeder.
Trong :
W l chiu rng mt bc x;
L l chiu di mt bc x;
h l b dy ca lp in mi;
Wg l chiu rng ca mt phng t;
Lg l chiu di ca mt phng t.
III. TNH TON, M PHNG V KHO ST CC THNG S K
THUT CA ANTEN
Anten vi di hnh ch nht c cu to gm mt bc x, mt phng t v lp
in mi gia 2 mt kim loi trn. Kch thc ca mt bc x, chiu cao v h
s in mi l nhng thng s quyt nh tn s cng hng ca anten, nn chng
phi c la chn v tnh ton chnh xc.
Chn vt liu ch to anten l tm mch in hai mt c h s in mi v
dy l:
r
= 4.5; h = 1.6 mm;
Tnh ton kch thc ca anten vi di lm vic tn s:
Gii tn GSM: f
0
= 1900 MHz
TH.S Nguyn Th Minh
2
Chiu rng ca mt bc x c tnh theo cng thc:
W =
2
1
2
0
+
r
f
c
48 (mm)
c = 3x10
8
m/s
Vi c = 3x10
8
m/s ( c l vn tc nh sng), f
0
l tn s cng hng ca anten,
r
l h s in mi ca lp in mi.
H s in mi hiu dng
reff
ph thuc c vo cc kch thc (W , h) v n
c xc nh theo cng thc:
reff
=
1
2
r
+
+
1
2
r

1/ 2
1 12
w
h

1
+
1
]
Thay s vo ta c
reff
4.22
di hiu dng ca anten c xc nh theo cng thc:
L
eff

e
2
o r ff
c
f
Thay s vo ta c L
eff
0.038
tng di L c tnh theo cng thc:
L =
e
e
w
( 0.3)( 0.264)
0.412 .
w
( 0.258)( 0.8)
r ff
r ff
h
h
h
+ +
+
=
Thay s vo ta c L 0.76(mm)
di thc ca mt bc x c tnh bi cng thc:
L = L
eff
- 2L =0.038 - 2x0.76x10
-3
0.766 (mm)
Kch thc ca mt phng t ( W
g
v L
g
) c xc nh theo cng thc:
W
g
6h + W
W
g
6x1.6 + 48 58(mm)
L
g
6h + L
L
g
6x1.6 +36 46 (mm)
3.1. Cc phng php tip in cho anten vi di
a. Tip in bng cp ng trc (hnh 1)
Trong phng php tip in cho anten vi di bng cp ng trc th li cp
c hn tip xc vi mt bc x, v cp tip xc vi mt phng t.
V tr tip in tt nht c tnh ton v xc nh c ta ( L/4, W/2)
TH.S Nguyn Th Minh
3
Phng php tip in ny c cc u im l d thc hin v khng c bc
x ph.
b. Tip in bng ng truyn vi di
Trong k thut tip in ny, mt di dn c kt ni trc tip n cnh ca
mt bc x anten vi di. Di dn c thit k trn cng b mt vi mt bc x.
Chiu rng ca di dn nh hn rt nhiu so vi kch thc ca mt bc x.
V tr tip in c ta (L/2, 0).
Kch thc ca di dn (W
f
; L
f
) c xc nh nh sau:
Tr khng c tnh ca ng truyn l: Z
o
= 50
Chiu rng ca di dn c tnh theo cng thc sau:
W
f
=
1 2 0.61
1 ln(2 1) ln( 1) 0.39
2
r
r r
h
B B B

1
+ +
' ;
1
]
Trong : B =
0
377
2
r
Z
= 5.58
Mi quan h gia chiu di v chiu rng: L
f
/W
f
= 3.96
IV. HNG DN S DNG PHN MM M PHNG HFSS
HFSS ( Hight Frequency Structure Simulator ) l phn mm m phng
trng in t theo phng php ton sng (full wave) m hnh ha bt k
thit b th ng 3D no. u im ni bt ca HFSS l c dao din ngi dng
ha,tch hp m phng, o ha, m hnh ha 3D v t ng ha (t ng tm li
gii) trong mt mi trng d dng hc, trong li gii cho cc bi ton in
t 3D thu c mt cch nhanh chng v chnh xc. Ansoft HFSS s dng
phng php phn t hu hn (Finite Element Method,FEM ), k thut chia li
thch nghi (adaptive meshing ) v k thut ha. Ansoft HFSS c th c s
dng tnh ton cc tham s chng hn nh: h s tn hao, tn s cng
hng,gin hng tnh,tr khng vo...HFSS l mt h thng m phng tng
tc,trong phn t mt li c bn l mt t din. iu ny cho php bn c th
tm li gii cho bt k vt th 3D no. c bit i vi cc cu trc dng cong
phc tp. Ansoft l cng ty tin phong s dng phng php phn t hu hn
(FEM ) m phng trng in t bng cc k thut nh: phn t hu hn,chia
li thch nghi...
Ansoft HFSS cung cp mt giao din trc gic v d dng s dng pht trin
cc thit b RF th ng.
TH.S Nguyn Th Minh
4
Tm tt qu trnh m phng bng phn mm HSFF
m phng mt anten bt k v c bn ta thc hin cc bc sau:
Chn HFSS \ Solution Type \ Driven Terminal
Chn n v: #D Modeler \Units, chn mm
Da vo cc cng c trn thanh cng c v cu trc ca anten vo giao
din lm vic
To port cp ngun
Chn mt cp ngun, sau vo HFSS \ Excitation \ Assign
- Nu cp ngun bng probe th chn Wave Port
- Nu cp ngun bng ng vi di th chn Lumped Port
Khai bo cc mt bc x ( thng khai bo cho mt phng t ): Chn mt
bc x, sau vo HFSS \ Boundaries \ Assign \ Perfect E
To khng gian bc x cho anten
- V mt Box bao trm c anten, thng thng khong cch t ra anten
n mt Box khong bc sng cng hng cn thit, sau vo:
HFSS \ Boundaries \ Assign \ Radiation
- Chn cc mt ca Box pha m anten c bc x
- Chn HFSS \ Radiation \ nsert Far Field Setup \ Infinite Sphere
- Mn hnh hin ln bng pha Far Field Radiation Sphere Setup
- Nhp cc thng s mnh mun v nhn OK
Khai bo tn s cng hng mong mun, s bc lp v sai s ln nht
chp nhn c: HFSS \ Analysis Setup \ Add Solution Setup
- Solution Frequency: nhp vo tn s cng hng mong mun
- Maximum Number of Passed: s bc lp ti a ca m phng
- Maximum Delta S Per Pass: sai s chp nhn c, cng nh cng chnh
xc.
Chng trnh m phng s chy cho n khi sai s tnh ton nh hn hoc
bng delta S. Khi xem nh m phng chnh xc v c hi t ( Converged).
Nu chy ht tt c cc bc lp m vn khng c sai s no nh hn delta S,
chng trnh cng s t ng dng li. Khi qu trnh m phng s khng hi
t v cho kt qu khng chnh xc. Mun khc phc ta phi tng gi tr delta S ln
hoc l tng s bc lp ln nhn c kt qu chnh xc. Tuy nhin nu sai s
tnh ra ngay nhng bc lp u tin nh hn Delta S th kt qu nhn c
TH.S Nguyn Th Minh
5
cng khng ng tin. trnh hin tng ny ta phi gim Delta S tng s
bc lp ca chng trnh.
Thng thng nu chng trnh chy nhiu hn 5 bc lp v c hi t th s
nhn c kt qu chnh xc.
Khai bo vng tn s kho st ( xung quanh tn s trung tm)
Vo HFSS \ Analysis Setup \ Add Sweep
Sau khi thc hin tt c cng on trn, ta vo HFSS \ Validation check
kim tra li thit k. Nu khng c li, vo HFSS \ Analyze v bt u chy
m phng.
Hin th cc kt qu m phng
- vo HFSS \ Results \
V. CC THNG S M PHNG TN S 1900Ghz
5.1. Thit k ng ten vi di
- Khi ng chng trnh: Program => Ansoft => HFSS11 => HFSS11
- Thit lp thng s:
+ Tool => Option => HFSS option
Ti khung General tch chn nh sau:
+ Tool => Options => Modeler options
Trong khung 3D Modele options mc Operation chn Automatically cover
closed polylines
Trong mc Drawing chn edit properties of new primitives
TH.S Nguyn Th Minh
6
+ Moderler => units => Select units: mm
+ HFSS => Solution type => Chn Driven Terminal
y chn gi quyt bi ton tn s lm vic f0 = 1900 MHZ
- Thit k mt phng t: Draw => box ( t)
+ Thng s thit k lp t
TH.S Nguyn Th Minh
7
+ Thit lp mt phng t:
Edit => select => face
HFSS => Boundaries => Asign => Finite Conductivity Ok
- Thit k lp in mi: Draw => box ( in mi)
Thng s thit k lp in mi
- Thit k mt bc x => box ( bc x)
TH.S Nguyn Th Minh
8
Thng s thit k lp Mt bc x
- Thit k lp line => box ( line)
Thng s thit k lp Line
- Thit k im cp ngun cho ng vi di
v ngun ta vo Draw=>Rectangle (v hnh ch nht vung gc v tip xc
mt ngoi Feed Line)
TH.S Nguyn Th Minh
9
Thng s thit k lp Ngun
Thit lp cp in: HFSS=>Excitations=>Asign=>Lumped Port (Nu thy Feed
Line bn mc Conducting Objects c ngha c tip im, nhn Ok cp
ngun)
- Thit k lp khng gian: Draw => box ( khng gian)
+ Thng s thit k lp Khng gian
TH.S Nguyn Th Minh
10
+ mt bc x: Kch chn ln lt 4 mt bn v mt trn ca mt bc x ri
thc hin: HFSS=> Boundaries=>Assign=> Radiation
+ Thit lp hng bc x: HFSS=>Radiation=>Insert Far Field
Setup=>Infinte=>Ok
+ Thit lp tn s lm vic: HFSS=> Analysis Setup=>Add Solution Setup
y ta thit lp tn s lm vic nh chn l : 1900 MHZAdd Frequency
Sweep
Ta c Star: 1.5GHZ, Stop : 2.4 GHZ , cn Step Sto
+ Thit lp gii hn tn s qut: HFSS=>Analysis Setup=>p l : 10 MHZ
Sau Sweep Type chn: Fast > chn Ok To
5.3. Thng s thit k ng ten cp ngun bng cp ng trc
- Thng s thit k lp t (tng t nh trn)
- Thng s thit k lp in mi (tng t nh trn)
- Thng s thit k lp Mt bc x (tng t nh trn)
- Thng s tip in trn
TH.S Nguyn Th Minh
11
- Thng s tip in di
- Thng s vng ngoi
- Thng s thit k lp Cp ngun
TH.S Nguyn Th Minh
12
- Thit k lp khng gian: Draw => box ( khng gian)
+ Thng s thit k lp Khng gian
+ mt bc x: Kch chn ln lt 4 mt bn v mt trn ca mt bc x ri
thc hin: HFSS=> Boundaries=>Assign=> Radiation
- Thit lp cc thng s
TH.S Nguyn Th Minh
13
+ Thit lp hng bc x: HFSS=>Radiation=>Insert Far Field
Setup=>Infinte=>Ok
+ Thit lp tn s lm vic: HFSS=> Analysis Setup=>Add Solution Setup
y ta thit lp tn s lm vic nh chn l : 1900 MHZAdd Frequency
Sweep
Ta c Star: 1.5GHZ, Stop : 2.4 GHZ , cn Step Sto
+ Thit lp gii hn tn s qut: HFSS=>Analysis Setup=>p l : 10 MHZ
Sau Sweep Type chn: Fast > chn Ok To
VI . Kt qu m phng
6.1. Kt qu m phng thit k ng ten vi di tn s 900
Hnh m phng 3D
TH.S Nguyn Th Minh
14
Tn s cng hng:
th smith:
li:
TH.S Nguyn Th Minh
15
nh gi v qu trnh v kt qu m phng:
- suy hao khng ln
- Kt qu m phng t c kt qu gn st vi tn s 900
- Hnh dng th t vi yu cu ra
- Qua nhiu ln cn chnh cho thy: vi tn s kh cao l 900 th kt qu kh
chnh xc,cn tnh ton t m, chnh sa hp l mi c th t kt qu tt nht
6.2. Kt qu m phng thit k ng ten cp ngun bng cp ng trc tn s
1900Ghz
Hnh m phng 3D
Tn s cng hng:
th smith:
TH.S Nguyn Th Minh
16
th 3D Polar Plot
nh gi kt qu m phng thit k ng ten cp ngun bng cp ng trc:
- Tnh ton ta t phc tp v t cn sa hn so vi thit k ng ten vi di
- Cho hnh dng m phng t chun t cn chnh hn
- Tn s t c kh st vi tn s 1900khz
- Trn kt qu ta thy suy hao vn cn kh ln
VII. KT QU S DNG MY PHN TCH MANG CHO ANTEN
VI DI
7.1.Cung cp ngun v nhn nt khi ng cho my phn tch
mng E5061A
7.2. Kt ni ph kin cao tn chun MSA Port 1 ca my phn tch
mng E5061 A Agilent E5061 RF Network Analyzer
7.3. H s phn x ( S11):
TH.S Nguyn Th Minh
17
H s suy hao im phn x S11 = -13.437dB
Tn s cng hng im phn x f=970.30464MHz
7.4. th Smith Chart uc hin th:
Tr khng o uc trn th l =47.41
7.5. H s sng ng SWR:
Ti im S11 xc nh tn f= 969.31MHz
H s sng ng =1.52
TH.S Nguyn Th Minh
18
7.6. Bng thng:
Ta xc nh uc 2 im S11 v S12 trn th vi h s =9.5dB trn th
y ta c tn s f1,f2 tung ng l:
f1=980.352MHz
f2=961.589MHz
Bng thng uc tnh = f1-f2=980.352-961.589 = 18.763MHz
7.7. li:
tnh li ta da vo cng thc:
Gain=1/2 (Pr(dB)-Pt(dB)+20 log(d)+20log(f)-27.56)
Trong Pr,Pt l h s dB hin th trn my:
pr=-14dB Pt=-22dB
d l khang cch gia 2 anten:
d=15cm
f la tn s dao ng ca anten:
f=900MHz
Nh vy: Gain =1/2 ( -14-(-22))+20 log(15)+20log(950)-27.56)=23.775
TH.S Nguyn Th Minh
19
VIII. SO SNH KT QU VI YU CU BI V KT LUN
H s tn hao =-13.437dB <-9.5dB (tha mn yu cu)
H s sng ng SWR = 1.52 (1- 2)
Tr khng vo ca anten =47.41 <50
Tn s cng hng = 20.307MHz (2%-10%) F
li ca anten =23.775 > 3 dB
So snh kt qu gia thc t v m phng bng HFSS em thy c lch nhng
mc chp nhn c. iu ny xy ra c th do trong qu trnh tinh ton ly s
liu lm trn v nh hng ca ng Line, ng cp in m phng HFSS l
ln, trong khi yu t ng Line v cp in khng lm thay i kt qu nh
kho st thc t.
Do c s nh hng ca thit b nh lu ngy, thit k tay nn c th cha
tht chnh xc, nm vn gia antenv my khng chtNn ta thy kt qu cha
tht chnh xc vi tn s kho st nhng s cch bit khng ln nn ta c th
dng phng php ny ch to ng ten.
T qua bi thc hnh ny em bit cch v tnh ton,thit k kch thc v
s sng phn mm HFSS thit k anten vi di v anten ng trc hot ng
cc tn s khc nhau. C iu kin tham gia kho st mch tht v i chiu n
vi l thuyt c hc v m phng.
IX. Kt lun:
Qua mt thi gian d rt ngn ngi, nhng c s hng dn nhit tnh ca
Ths. L Th Kiu Nga v Ths. Nguyn Th Minh gip em hiu thm v Anten,
cc thng s k thut, cch ch to v s dng phn mm m phng thit k
Anten.
Trn y l bi bo co ca em, mc d cn nhiu thiu st nhng cng l s
n lc ca bn thn. Rt mong c s quan tm v gp ca c gio. Mt ln
na em xin chn thnh cm n
TH.S Nguyn Th Minh
20

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Bo Co Thc Hnh Chuyn Ngnh in T Vin Thng

THIT K, M PHNGV KHO ST CC THNG S K

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