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MAGNETO HYDRODYNAMIC DRIVE

INTODUCTION Magneto hydrodynamic (MHD) propulsion is a type of vessel drive where thrust generates through interaction of magnetic and electric field. The main characteristic of this propulsion is that there are no mobile parts, no propeller noises and no vibration. As a completely new type of vessel drive, magneto hydrodynamic propulsion (MHD) is very useful for military necessities or submarine drive. HISTORY MHD: magneto hydrodynamics, experimental branch of physics was founded by the work of Michael Faraday. The principle of the MHD, impossible in the vacuum, consists in making circulate in the medium surrounding the mobile an electrical current. The mobile, at the same time, will emit a magnetic field. According to the law of Laplace, this field will exert a force on the current, and thus on the medium where it circulates. It is the principle of the majority of the electric motors. Despite the theory shows us MHD propulsion is possible, there are certain limits within our technology that do not allow us to build a flying disc. Its application starts from 1964 with S. Ways project of a MHD submarine. 1968 saw the first application to UFOs thanks to Ph.D. Stanton Friedman, while in 1973 Prof. Auguste Meessen reports previous works; finally in 1974 comes Jean-Pierre Petit with his advancements. THEORY AND PRINCIPLE Vipin N.
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An electric current is passed through seawater in the presence of an intense magnetic field. Functionally, the seawater is then the moving, conductive part of an electric motor. Pushing the water out the back accelerates the vehicle. MHD is attractive because it has no moving parts, which means that a good design might be silent, reliable, efficient, and inexpensive.

Magneto hydrodynamic drive or MHD propulsor, is a method for propelling seagoing vessels using only electric and magnetic fields with no moving parts, using magneto hydrodynamics. An electric current is passed through seawater in the presence of an intense magnetic field. Functionally, the seawater is then the moving, conductive part of an electric motor. Pushing the water out the back accelerates the vehicle. MHD is attractive because it has no moving parts, which means that a good design might be silent, reliable, efficient, and inexpensive. Magneto hydrodynamics involves magnetic fields (magneto) and fluids (hydro) that conduct electricity and interact (dynamics).MHD technology is based on a fundamental law of electromagnetism: When a magnetic field and an electric current intersect in a liquid, their repulsive intersection propels the liquid in a direction perpendicular to both the field and the current.

Scheme of action of MHD propulsors

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GOVERNING FORCES FOR MHD Lorentz Force elaborate electrostrictive hydrodynamics. The electrostatic fields create hydrostatic pressure (or motion) in dielectric media. When such media are fluids, a flow is produced. If the dielectric is a vacuum or a solid, no flow is produced. Such flow can be directed against the electrodes, generally to move the electrodes. In such case, the moving structure acts as an electric motor. PROTOTYPES The first working prototype, the Yamato 1, was completed in Japan in 1991, by the Ship & Ocean Foundation (later known as the Ocean Policy Research Foundation). The ship was first successfully propelled in Kobe harbor in June 1992. Yamato 1 is propelled by two MHD thrusters that run without any moving parts. Lorentz force is the force exerted on a charged particle in an electromagnetic field. The particle will experience a force due to electric field of qE, and due to the magnetic field qv B. Combined they give the Lorentz force equation. Where F is the force (in Newtons) E is the electric field (in volts per meter) B is the magnetic field (in Webers per square meter) q is the electric charge of the particle (in coulombs) V is the instantaneous velocity of the particle (in meters per second) Thus a positively charged particle will be accelerated in the same linear orientation as the E field, but will curve perpendicularly to the B field according to the right-hand rule. ELECTRO HYDRODYNAMICS Electro hydrodynamics (EHD) is the study of the dynamics of electrically conducting fluid. It is the study of the motions of ionized particles or molecules and their interactions with electric fields and the surrounding fluid. The term may be considered to be synonymous with the rather In the 1990s, Mitsubishi built several prototypes of ships propelled by an MHD system. These ships were only able to reach speeds of 15 km/h, despite higher projections.

Yamato model APPLICATION MHD is used basically for propulsion. It has been tested on torpedoes, submarines, MHD aircraft which flies at 200000 feet in the ionosphere where ionized air is used as the propelling fluid.

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