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G I A N G :
My cng c C N C
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NI DUNG
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Cc bc lp trnh th cng
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B1
Phn tch bn v
B2
B3
B4
Cc bc lp trnh th cng
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Phn tch bn v Xc nh yu cu gia cng (vt liu v hnh dng phi, dung sai, nhm b mt, cc kch thc v ghi ch trn bn v ) Xc nh kch thc phi liu, lng d gia cng. nh chun phi
Cc bc lp trnh th cng
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Thit lp trnh t gia cng Xc nh ni dung nguyn cng Chia nguyn cng ra cc bc, cc v tr Ghi li thnh phiu cng ngh
Cc bc lp trnh th cng
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Chn g & dng c ct Phng n g t v nh v phi Chn dng c ct ph hp vi tng bc gia cng
Cc bc lp trnh th cng
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Vit chng trnh Xc nh ta cc im Tnh ton cc qu o chuyn ng ca dao Tnh ton cc thng s gia cng (S, F) Vit chng trnh theo cc m lnh Chy th, kim tra & sa li chng trnh
NHM LNH C BN
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Khai bo h n v o M lnh G20 G21 Chc nng Chn n v h Anh (inch) Chn n v h mt (mm)
NHM LNH C BN
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Khai bo n v lng chy dao F M lnh G94 (*) G95 Chc nng n v lng chy dao F l mm/ph (hoc inch/ph) n v lng chy dao F l mm/vg (hoc inch/vg)
(*) thit lp mc nh
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NHM LNH C BN
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Khai bo cch thc lp trnh M lnh G90 G91 Chc nng Lp trnh tuyt i Lp trnh tng i
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NHM LNH C BN
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Chn mt phng lp trnh M lnh G17 (*) G18 G19 Chc nng Chn mt phng XY Chn mt phng ZX Chn mt phng YZ
(*) thit lp mc nh
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NHM LNH C BN
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Lnh h trc ta V tr ca dao s c xc nh da trn h ta C 3 loi h ta c s dng khi lp trnh trn my CNC
(1) H ta my (Machine coordinate system) (2) H ta gia cng (Workpiece coordinate system) (3) H ta cc b (Local Coordinate System)
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NHM LNH C BN
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Lnh h trc ta M lnh G53 G54 -> G59 G92 Chc nng Ci t h ta my Ci t h ta gia cng (**) Ci t h ta cc b
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Lnh iu khin trc chnh M lnh M03 M04 M05 S Chc nng Trc chnh quay theo chiu kim ng h Trc chnh quay ngc chiu kim ng h Dng trc chnh nh ngha tc quay trc chnh
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CW
CCW
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Lnh iu khin trc chnh M lnh S khng khi ng trc chnh => cn s dng km vi m lnh M03, M04. VD: S1000 M03; (khi ng trc chnh theo chiu kim ng h vi tc 1000 vng/pht) S1500 M04; (khi ng trc chnh theo chiu ngc kim ng h vi tc 1500 vng/pht)
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Lnh chn v thay dao M lnh T -> chn dao M lnh M06 -> thay dao Hai lnh ny phi s dng cng nhau VD:
T4 M06; (Chn v thay dao v tr 4 trong cha dao)
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Lnh cung cp cht lm ngui M lnh M07 M08 M09 Chc nng Lm ngui bng phun sng Lm ngui bng cht lng Dng cung cp cht lm ngui
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Lnh tm dng - kt thc chng trnh M lnh M00 M01 M02 M30 Chc nng Tm thi dng chng trnh Dng chng trnh c iu kin Kt thc chng trnh Kt thc v quay li u chng trnh
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a dao v im chun ca my C 2 cch a dao v im chun ca my: Nhn nt HOME trn bng iu khin ca my Dng m lnh G28 vi c php: G28 Xx Yy Zz Xx Yy Zz l ta im trung gian, dao s di chuyn nhanh t im hin thi ti im trung gian v sau tr v im chun ca my.
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Trong cch thc lp trnh ny, ta my s dng l ta tm dao (tool center coordinate)- qu o ct l tm dao . Do khng th s dng trc tip ta trn bin dng ca chi tit v tm dao cch ng bin ct mt khong bng bn knh dao.
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Trn
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VD 2
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cho tm dao nm cch bin dng lp trnh mt khong, ta thc hin vic b tr bn knh dao (cn gi l offset dao) Dch chnh dao sang bn tri dng m lnh G41 Dch chnh dao sang bn phi dng m lnh G42 Hy b dch chnh dao dng m lnh G40
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2 1
1 2
Phay g (Contour)
Phay hc (Pocket)
1. Dao dch chnh bn tri (G41) 2. Dao dch chnh bn phi (G42) 3. ng bin dng ca chi tit
Chng 4 Cng ngh & Lp trnh phay CNC
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D_ ;
G40
G00 G01
X_ Y_ X_ Z_ Y_ Z_
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Ch : Phi xc nh mt phng gia cng trc khi dch chnh dao. M lnh G41, G42 v G40 phi dng vi m lnh G00, G01, khng dng vi G02, G03. Lng b tr c xc nh bi a ch D v c ci vo b nh my trc khi s dng.
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Phay thun, phay nghch: Khi thc hin dch chnh, ty theo hng chuyn ng v chiu quay ca dao m xy ra phay thun hay phay nghch.
Phay nghch
Phay thun
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Phay thun, phay nghch: Vi my cng c, thng s dng phay nghch tng tui th dao. Tuy nhin, phay thun t gy ra hin tng trt nn nng sut cao v nhm b mt thp hn nn thng dng khi gia cng tinh v gia cng vt liu mm.
Lu : i vi phn mm Cutviewer, khi dng cc m lnh G41, G42 ta dng c php khng c m lnh D v mc nh gi tr mun b l bn knh dao.
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Luyn tp:
Vit chng trnh gia cng chi tit sau, c s dng dch chnh bn knh dao. Dng dao phay ngn 10 bng thp gi
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B tr chiu di dao l php hiu chnh theo phng trc Z kh s khc bit gia chiu di dao thc t v chiu di dao lp trnh
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Cc lnh s dng b tr chiu di dao : G43: b tr theo chiu dng (gi tr b tr xc nh bi m H_ s c cng vo gi tr ta ch nh bi cu lnh trong chng trnh, tc l dao c nng ln theo chiu dng mt on xc nh bi H_) G44: b tr theo chiu m G49: hy b dch chnh chiu di dao
G43 G44
Z_ H_
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Chng 4 Cng ngh & Lp trnh phay CNC 38
LP TRNH TA CC
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LP TRNH TA CC
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Dng m lnh G16 khi ng v m lnh G15 hy khi s dng xong. C php G16 G0 G15 ; X_ Y_ ; ; X l khong cch, Y l gc quay
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LP TRNH TA CC
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i vi nhng nguyn cng c ng chy dao khng i, n gin cng vic lp trnh, nh sn xut cung cp nhng chu trnh lp sn (canned cycles). Trn cc my phay CNC s dng h iu khin Fanuc c cc chu trnh gia cng l c thit lp sn vi cc m lnh t G73 G89
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Trong : G90/G91 ta tuyt i / ta tng i G98/G99 chn v tr li dao sau khi gia cng Gxx tn chu trnh X, Y ta tm l Z ta chiu su ca l R cao an ton F lng chy dao (bc tin) P thi gian dng y l Q chiu su mt ln khoan K s ln lp li chu trnh G80 Hy b chu trnh
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Di chuyn nhanh ti tm l v tr xut pht Di chuyn nhanh ti v tr an ton Di chuyn vi bc tin F gia cng ti y l Gia cng ti y l Lui dao nhanh v v tr an ton (G99) Hoc lui nhanh v v tr xut pht
(G98)
Chng 4 Cng ngh & Lp trnh phay CNC 45
Lu : G98: dao li v cao xut pht sau khi gia cng l xong. G99: dao li v cao an ton sau khi gia cng l xong.
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Lu : Cao an ton R v chiu su Z c th tnh theo tuyt i hay tng i Tham s P c tnh theo phn ngn giy. VD P1000=1s. Tham s K c tnh theo tng i (G91). Nu vit theo tuyt i, my s gia cng ti mt v tr K ln. Khng c khai bo cc lnh di chuyn dao c bn (G0, G1, G2, G3) xen gia chu trnh v s lm chu trnh b hy.
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G81: chu trnh khoan tm, khoan l cn G82: chu trnh khoan l bc G83: chu trnh khoan l su (trn vt liu cng, gin) G73: chu trnh khoan l su (trn vt liu mm, do)
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G84: chu trnh ta r ren phi (F l bc ren) G74: chu trnh ta r ren tri (F l bc ren) G85: chu trnh doa G76: chu trnh doa tinh G86: chu trnh doa li dao nhanh G88: chu trnh doa li dao bng tay G89: chu trnh doa dng cui hnh trnh, li dao chm
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Chng trnh con c s dng khi c cc bin dng cn lp li nhiu ln. Cu trc chng trnh con:
% Oxxxx . M99; %
Lnh gi chng trnh con: Dng (1) M98 Pxxxxxxxx 4 s u tin l s ln gi 4 s cui cng l tn chng trnh con V d: M98 P222222; M98 P2222;
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Lnh gi chng trnh con: Dng (2) M98 Pxxxx Lxxxx Pxxxx gi tn chng trnh con Lxxxx s ln lp li V d: M98 P0075 L22; M98 P2 L5;
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