Trng THCS Thng Qun GV: Thanh Bnh

Chuyn 5 : Ton hn hp kim loi

Ma h 2009

I- Kin thc cn nh: 1- Thuc dy HHH ca kim loi 2- Tnh cht ho hc ca kim loi a- Kim loi ng trc H + dd axit mui (ho tr thp) + H2 b- Kim loi + O2 oxit kim loi Kim loi + phi kim khc mui c- Kim loi ( t Mg) ng trc + y kim loi ng sau ra khi dd mui * Ch : + kim loi mnh + nc kim + H2 + Kim loi ng sau (H) khng phn ng vi axit iu kin thng + Kim loi + H2SO4 c nng mui + kh SO2 + H2O + Al v st khng tc dng vi H2SO4 v HNO3 (c ngui) + Al v Zn tan trong dd kim PTHH 2Al + 2NaOH + 2H2O 2Na AlO2 + 3 H2 + m dd sau = mdd trc ( tr Kh hoc kt ta ) II- Cch lm chung TH1: Nu cho 2 hoc nhiu kim loi phn ng vi dd axit ( hoc mui ) m ch c 1 KL tham gia phn ng Cc bc lm : tnh theo PTHH thng thng. TH2: Nu cho hn hp kim loi tc dng hon ton vi axit; nu c 2 cht phn ng c 2 PTHH. Cch gii: Bc 1: - Khng nh kim loi no phn ng Bc 2: - Gi x; y ln lt l s mol ca 2 kim loi ( A; B ) khi lng mol MA; MB ( t iu kin) lp PTS th nht: x.MB + y.MB = C (hng s) Bc 3; Vit PTHH ( cn bng, lp t l theo x; y) Bc 4: Lp thm 1 PTS cn li theo d kin khc trong bi ( khi lng mui; s mol AXit hoc s mol kh H2. Bc 5: Kt lun ( theo yu cu tng bi ) III- Bi tp Cu 1: Cho 10 gam hn hp ng v st tc dng vi lng d axit HCl th thu c 2, 24 l H2 (ktc)

a- Vit PTHH ? b- Tnh thnh phn phn trm khi lng mi kim loi ? ( Fe = 56; ) Cu 2: Cho 10 gam hn hp ng v st tc dng vi lng va axit HCl 2M th thu c 2, 24 l H2 (ktc) a -Vit PTHH ? b -Tnh thnh phn phn trm khi lng mi kim loi ? c- Tnh th tch dung dch HCl 2M tham gia phn ng ( Fe = 56; ) Cu 3 : Cho 9,8 gam hn hp ng v Al tc dng vi lng va axit HCl 2M thy 4, 4 gam cht rn khng tan ( mu ) a -Vit PTHH ? b -Tnh thnh phn phn trm khi lng mi kim loi ? c- Tnh th tch dung dch HCl 2M tham gia phn ng ? d- Tnh th tch kh H2 sinh ra ktc ? ( Al = 27 ) Cu 4 :Ho tan hon ton 16,6 gam hn hp st v nhm bng dd HCl 18,25%. Sau phn ng thu c 11,2 l kh khng mu. a- Vit PTHH ? b- Tnh thnh phn phn trm v khi lng ca nhm v st ? c- Tnh khi lng dd HCl 18,25 % dng ? d- Tnh nng phn trm ca cc mui thu c ? ( Al = 27; Fe = 56; H = 1; Cl = 35,5 ) Cu 5 :Ho tan hon ton 16,6 gam hn hp st v nhm bng dd HCl 18,25%.d. Sau phn ng thu c 11,2 l kh khng mu. a-Vit PTHH ? b-Tnh thnh phn phn trm v khi lng ca nhm v st ? c- Lng HCl d tc dng va vi 100 ml dd NaOH 1M.Tnh khi lng dd HCl 18,25 % dng cho cc phn ng ? ( Al = 27; Fe = 56; H = 1; Cl = 35,5 ) Cu 6: Cho 13, 4 g hn hp nhm ;st v Mg tc dng vi dd NaOH d thy c 8 gam cht rn khng tan. Mt khc cho hn hp tc dng vi dd HCl va thy thot ra 11,2 lt kh khng mu. a- Tnh thnh phn phn trm khi lng mi kim loi ?

b- Tnh khi lng HCl dng ? c- Tnh tng khi lng mui thu c ? ( Al = 27; Fe = 56; Mg = 24 ; H = 1; Cl = 56 ) Bi ton ngc: Cho hn hp kim loi A gm Cu; Al v Fe tc dng vi dd HCl d thy c 3,2 g cht rn khng tan. ng thi thu c 8, 96 l kh. Mt khc cho hn hp A i qua dd NaOH d th c 5,4 g cht rn tan ra. a- Vit cc PTHH xy ra ? b- Tnh thnh phn phn trm v khi lng ca mi kim loi. ( Al = 27; Fe = 56 )

B sung:

Cu 1: Cho 8,3 gam nhm v st phn ng hon ton vi dd H2SO4 long. Sau phn ng thu c 5,6 lt kh khng mu Tnh thnh phn mi kim loi ? Cu 2: Cho 8,3 gam nhm v st phn ng hon ton vi dd H2SO4 25% long. Sau phn ng thu c 5,6 lt kh khng mu Tnh thnh phn mi kim loi ? Tnh khi lng dd axit 25% cn dng ? Cu 3: Cho hn hp A gm Mg v nhm tham gia cc TN sau: TN1: cho m gam A tc dng ht vi H2SO4 long d thu c 13,44 lt kh TN2: Cho m gam A tc dng ht vi dd NaOH 2M. Khi phn ng xong cn 7,2 g cht rn khng tan a- Tnh thnh phn phn trm mi kim loi ? b- Tnh th tch dd NaOH 2M cn dng ? Cu 4: Cho 16,6 gam nhm v st tc dng vi dd HCl d th thu c 11,2 l kh khng mu a- Vit PTHH ? b- Tnh thnh phn phn trm mi kim loi c- Tch st ra khi hn hp ? Cu 5: Cho 18,6 g km v st tc dng vi dd H2SO4 long d thu c 6,72 lt kh H2 a- Vit PTHH ? b- Tnh thnh phn phn trm mi kim loi Cu 6: Cho 11 gam st v nhm tc dng vi dd H2SO4 2M to ra 8,96 lt kh a- % m mi kim loi ?

b- tnh th tch dd H2SO4 2M ? Cu 7: Cho 10 gam nhm; st v nhm oxit tc dng vi dd HCl d 3, 36 lt kh; dd B v cht rn A. t A trong khng kh thu c 2,75 gam cht rn a- Vit PTHH ? b- Tnh thnh phn phn trm khi lng mi cht trong hn hp ? Cu 8: Cho 10 gam hn hp: ng; nhm v magi tc dng vi dd HCl 10% d thu c 8,96 lt kh thu c dd A; cht rn B. Nung B trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c 2,75 g cht rn a- Vit PTHH ? b- Tnh khi lng mi cht trong hn hp ban u ?