Layout Trong AutoCad - P1 Nhiu bn cha nm c cch to bn v k thut AutoCAD mt cch chuyn nghip, cc bn v tt c nhng g cn in ra trong mt khun giy

c khung tn ngay trong mi trng Model, k c hnh trch vi kch thc to hn, vi hm rng nh vy l phng n vi t l khc vi t l chung. Lm nh vy s c nhng nhc im rt phi k thut sau y: Th nht: phi to cc khung tn to nh khc nhau cho ph hp vi kch thc mi i tng cn in. Th hai: phi t cc t l c ch v c kch thc khc nhau cho ph hp vi kch thc mi i tng cn in. Kt qu l mi bn v c th c cc kch c ch v s khc nhau, chng tun theo tiu chun no c. Th ba: Cc hnh trch c to vi kch thc khc thc t v gi tr kch thc d nhin phi sa li cho ng theo cch th cng, rt d nhm v hay b qun khi sa i g trong thit k. C mt cch mang tnh chuyn nghip gii quyt nhng vn ny, ta ch mt cng mt cht, ng mt ln duy nht ny thi. Sau , mi khi thit k, ta ch vic p dng mt cch nhanh chng v khoa hc. l s dng Layout to trang in. AutoCAD c 2 ca s: Model v Layout. Model: dng v cc i tng thit k, mi tp tin ch c 1 khng gian Model thi. Khng gian ca Model l 3D (X, Y v Z) v ko di v tn. Vic v trong Model phi tun th nguyn tc l phi v ng theo kch thc thc, cc kch thc phi ly chnh xc v tn trng gi tr thc , khng c g gi tr bng tay. Layout: dng in cc i tng trong Model, mi tp tin c th c nhiu Layout, ty thuc s bn v bn cn. Khng gian ca Layout ch gii hn trong kh giy in m thi v ch c hai chiu l X v Y. Layout cho php chn nhiu hnh nh ca cc i tng trong Model vi t l hin th ty v phm vi ty . Nh vy, ta c th chn c hoc ch mt phn cc i tng c v v c th chn nhiu hnh nh ca 1 i tng vi cc t l khc nhau. Trc tin, ta cn lm my th tc, cho khi phi lm li nhng th tc ny, ta s lu n nh l mt Template. Sau ny, mi khi cn thit k, ta ch vic m Template ny ra lm vic. Cc th tc nh sau: 1. To cc Layer (lp i tng) cn thit: Ngoi Layer 0 theo mc nh, ti thiu ta cn c thm hai Layer l Dim1 v Dim2dng cho cc kch thc s c hin th ti cc cng nhn khc nhau.

Cc bn c th to thm cc Layer khc theo nhu cu, nh t m cho nt v ti Layer v mu sc thch hp cho chng. Theo ti, cc nt c bn nn 0.5mm v cc nt mnh nn l 0.15mm. 2. To trang in: Click nhn Layout1 di y, bn thy hp thoi sau:

Click nt Modify ri chn my in, kh giy:

Sau khi to khung tn trc tip trn trang ny, ta c mt Layout nh sau:

Tng t, ta to thm cc trang in vi cc kh giy khc. 3. nh dng kch thc: Vo trnh n Format, Dimension Style, chn nhn Fit v click Scale dimension to layout c ch thc s tun theo kh giy:

Thao tc ny s lm cho mi bn v ca bn u c cch hin th kch thc nh nhau v ph hp vi tiu chun. Th l xong, bn lu tp tin ny l !Template.dwt dng n lm mu (du chm than t trc tp tin ny lun trn cng cho d chn). Sau ng AutoCAD li. Sau ny, khi thit k, bn click trnh n File, New l thy n ngay u hp thoi, hy dng n ra thit k. Bn s v v ghi ch cc kiu ln bn v ny, nhng ng lo lm hng n, d mun hay khng, AutoCAD s bt bn phi lu bn v vi tn khc gi nguyn template ny. By gi gi s ti c thit k v cn in n nh sau:

Tm thi, cc kch thc u t Layer Dim1. Ti click vo nhn Layout A4 lm xut hin trang giy, g MV ri Enter v v mt hnh ch nht trong trang giy ny, ta c ngay:

Ta c th iu chnh kch c v di chuyn cng nhn hnh ch nht ny bng grip sao cho thch hp. Sau chuyn n vo lpDefpoint c t to ra, nh vy l khung cng nhn ny s khng in ra giy. Bn ch l cc ch s v mi tn kch thc hin ang qu nh, ta hy double-click vo trong cng nhn kch hot n ri vo trnh n Dimensions, Update, sau g All (chn tt c cc kch thc) v Enter, ta c kt qu:

Ta chuyn cc kch thc ca rnh joint sang lp Dim2 v khng cho n hin th ti cng ny. By gi, ti mun th hin chi tit rnh t joint gc cao bn tri bng mt hnh trch. Ti v mt hnh trn vo ch thch hp nh sau:

G MV, Enter ri g O ri li Enter v chn ng trn, ta c:

Bn thy trong hnh trn l ton b hnh v bn Model, double-click kch hot n ri Zoom vi t l thch hp v Pan n v tr hp l:

By gi th kch thc hin th y li qu ln, ta li vo trnh n Dimensions, Update v chn my kch thc ny ri Enter:

Ta cng khng cho Dim1 hin th trong cng ny. Thm vi ghi ch, cui cng ta c:

Layout Trong AutoCad - P2

Tip tc lot bi vit v Layout, ti xin trnh by k hn v my vn sau: 1. Zoom theo t l: Cc bn hnh dung Layout chnh l t giy trng t trc cc i tng v, cc cng nhn l nhng l khot thng trn t giy ny, cho php ta nhn xuyn qua thy cc i tng v nm trong mi trng Model pha sau t giy. Trong mi cng nhn, ta ty Zoom to nh cc i tng theo t l hin th bt k, ti lm nghing nhng ch ny cc bn ng nhm rng thao tc zoom c th thay i kch thc thc ca cc i tng, chng ch thay i c hin th m thi, y chang vic ta ngm i tng qua ng knh my nh ri thao tc zoom ko gn hay y xa i tng. Tuy nhin, trong mt bn v k thut, ta khng c t t l hin th ngu nhin m phi tun th theo nhng t l tiu chun: 8:1, 5:1, 4:1, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, 1:4, 1:5, 1:8 t ng t l theo cc gi tr ny, cc bn double-click vo trong mt cng nhn ri g Z, Enter, S, Enter, nxp, Enter. y, n chnh l t l bng s thp phn. Nh khng c qun xp sau n! Chui cu lnh ny c ngha l: Zoom theo t l giy. Sau khi zoom theo t l tiu chun, bn Pan cc i tng n v tr thch hp trong cng nhn ri click ra ngoi thi kch hot cng ny. 2. C nh cc i tng trong mt cng nhn i khi do s xut, cc bn li kch hot cng cht t l v v tr, khin phi mt cng lm li nh trn. trnh v tnh lm sai lch cc i tng trong cng nhn, bn thy di y ca s, ti thanh trng thi, c biu

tng mt kha mu vng ang m, tn l Lock/Unlock Viewport, hy click kha n li, n bin thnh kha ng v c mu xanh nht. By gi bn s khng v zoom hoc pan cc i tng trong cng ny c na, tr phi bn m kha ra. Mt v d na lm r hn cc k thut ny, bn click vo cc minh ha phng to chng ln cho d xem: Ta c mt thit k bn lp gm 1 ci trc, 2 vng bi v 1 ci bnh rng. Ta mun th hin y cc thng tin ca cm chi tit ny cng nh ca tng chi tit. lm c iu mt cch nhanh chng, khoa hc v cht ch trong qun l thit k, ta cn lp mt s lp (Layer) nh sau:

Trong c cc Layer: - 0: l do mc nh - Banhrang: v Bnh rng - Bi: v bi - Defpoints: Layer khng in ra giy, t ng xut hin theo mc nh ca AutoCAD, ta s dng n cha cc khung cng nhn sau ny. - Dim Banhrang: kch thc bnh rng - Dim Bi: kch thc vng bi - Dim Lap: kch thc lp - Dim trich: kch thc hnh trch - Dim Truc: kch thc trc - Khungten: to khung tn v cc ghi ch - Truc: v trc Ta v cc i tng thit k, ly cc kch thc cn thit cho chng v quan trng nht l phi a chng vo ng cc lp m ta to ra nh trn. Tip tc, nu cha to mt Layout cho kh giy A1 m ta cn, th ta phi thc hin ngay iu ny:

Cu thy khung tn c to trn trang ny, hon ton c lp vi cc hnh v bn Model. G MV ri Enter, v mt hnh ch nht to cng nhn, ta c ngay ton b hnh v xut hin trong :

Tt nhin l ta v hnh ch nht ny mt cch ty tin, nn c th n cha ng vi khun kh giy. chnh c khung hnh ny, ta ch cn click vo mp ri iu chnh (li ko) cc gc sao cho va mt. c t l hin th theo tiu chun, hy click p vo trong cng nhn ny, khung ca n s thnh nt m; ta hon ton c th zoom hoc pan hnh v y chang nh trong khng gian model. Tuy nhin, ta cn c t l tiu chun: g Z, Enter, S, Enter, 0.2xp, Enter. Chui th tc ny c ngha l Zoom theo Scale vi t l 0.2 theo n v ca Papire (trang in). Nu thy hnh v nh qu, ta g tip: Enter (nhc li lnh va ri), S, Enter, 0.5xp, Enter. Nu li thy qu to, ta chn cc t l c php khc, v d 0.25hoc 0.4 vn vn. Ta thy hnh v ny tht ri mt, v tt c nhng g ta v th u c hin th ra c. Nu ta thao tc ng bng (Freeze) hoc tt (Off) bn khng gian Model th cc hnh biu din u khng th thy nhng i tng ny. Song ta li mun rng cng ny th c mt s ci ny hin th, cng khc li c nhng th khc xut hin. Ta mun hnh biu din u tin ny l hnh lp, vy th n phi c y cc chi tit, nhng ch cc kch thc lin quan n lp rp v kch thc bao mi c xut hin, cn cc kch thc chi tit phi c du i. Ta click p cng nhn ny v m bng thuc tnh Layer:

Ti y, ta ng bng cc layer Dim ct Current VP Freeze, ch li cc layer cha cc i tng v v kch thc lp m thi, nh minh ha trn. Nh vy l ch trong cng nhn ny, cc i tng b ng bng s khng xut hin, nhng chng vn xut hin bnh thng ti cc cng nhn khc. Kt qu l hnh v lp by gi thong ng, ch cn nhng ci ta cn. Nu c ch s v mi tn ca cc kch thc ny khc tiu chun, ta ch vic Update cho chng l xong:

Tng t, ta li g MV ri Enter to mt cng nhn khc cho chi tit trc. V n cng to xp x nh hnh lp nn ta c th copy cng ny dng lun t l ca bn lp, ri ng bng tt c cc Layer, ch li 2 layer Truc v Dim Truc. Th l ta c 2 cng nhn:

Tng t nh vy, ta c cc cng nhn cho cc chi tit khc v hnh trch:

 khng nhn thy cc khung cng nhn, bn chuyn cc khung ny vo Layer Defpoints ri ng bng n li. Lm nh vy th ta s khng thy cc khung cng nhn, nhng vn thy ni dung bn trong. Khi click p vo trong mi cng, ta vn c th thao tc bnh thng vi cc i tng trong . *** Khi hc thng qua c hng dn, bn cn lu c tht k (n tng t). Nu bn c lt th e l khng c c kt qu mong mun u. C th l bi ny, ti hon ton khng c cung cp thm mt thng tin g ngoi nhng bi ti vit trc y, cng trong topic ny. Trn thc t, khng c php (hoc rt khng nn) ***g c bn lp v bn v chi tit trong cng mt trang in. Nhng ti lm nh vy minh ha r hn vi : 1. Ta mun hin th ci g, vi t l bao nhiu cng c. Mt chi tit c th c biu din ng thi cc cng khc nhau v vi cc t l khc nhau, s lng khng hn ch m khng bt buc phi v hay copy chng ra nhiu ch khc nhau. 2. Nn thit k chi tit ngay trong bn lp v khi in th ta quyt nh cho in v khng in nhng g. Khng nn tch ri chng ra, l do th ti nu t cc bi vit trn ri.

Layout Trong AutoCad - P3 C ch ghi ch t ng cho cu ri: 1. M bn v bn ra, dng lnh trnh n Format, Text Style nh minh ho sau:

Cu s thy hp thoi Text Style xut hin nh minh ho di:

2. Nhn nt New to kiu ch mi, cu s thy hp New Text Style nh sau:

3. Trong hp New Text Style ny, g Khung ten vo trng Style Name nh minh ho trn, ri OK. 4. Cu chn font ch trong trng Font Name (v d Arial) ri nhn nt Apply:

Lu rng gi tr Height bng 0.0000, gi tr ny dng cho vic nh c theo mc nh ca Layout. 5. Nhn nt New ln na v lm tng t to Style Name Ghi chu:

6. Chn font ch ri Apply: 7. Cng nh vy, cu to thm Style Name Kich thuoc:

Nh vy l bn c cc Style Name nh sau:

cho cc kch thc s c ghi theo Style Name Kich thuoc, bn lm nh sau: 8. M trnh n Format, gi lnh Dimension Style 9. Ti hp thoi ny, nhn nt Modify 10. Nhn nhn Text ri chn Kich thuoc trong trng Text Style. 11. Nhn OK v Close. Nh vy, tt c cc kch thc u dng Style ny v c ca n s c p dng ph hp vi kh giy mi khi bn Update kch thc (nh bit). 12. Bn m Layout to khung tn vi ch theo Style Khung ten. Hy yn tm rng bn vn c th quy nh cc dng ch vi cc c to nh khc nhau. 13. Bn chuyn tt c cc ghi ch vo kiu Ghi chu v vn ghi ch trong Model Space. Lu rng bn khng c thay i c ch ty tin na. Th l bn thit lp xong kiu ch cho mi loi thng tin trong bn v ny. Bn nn to mt Template nh vy tin dng sau ny. By gi cn in bn v cho mt bn c t l no , thay i c ch ton b cc ghi ch, bn ch cn m hp thoi Text Stylequen thuc ri chn Ghi chu trong trng Style Name, g mt chiu cao ch thch hp vo trng Height l xong. Mi ghi ch trong bn v s c c mi theo gi tr bn g. Tt nhin l mi bn v li c th phi dng nhng gi tr Height khc nhau. V d, bn mun in 1 bn c t l 1/1000 v mun c ch khi in ra phi cao 2.5 th bn phi t Height l 2500, vn vn.

S dng Layout trong AutoCad Nhiu bn cha nm c cch to bn v k thut AutoCAD mt cch chuyn nghip, cc bn v tt c nhng g cn in ra trong mt khun giy c khung tn ngay trong mi trng Model, k c hnh trch vi kch thc to hn vi hm rng nh vy l phng n vi t l khc vi t l chung. Lm nh vy s c nhng nhc im rt phi k thut sau y: Th nht: phi to cc khung tn to nh khc nhau cho ph hp vi kch thc mi i tng cn in. Th hai: phi t cc t l c ch v c kch thc khc nhau cho ph hp vi kch thc mi i tng cn in. Kt qu l mi bn v c th c cc kch c ch v s khc nhau, chng tun theo tiu chun no c. Th ba: Cc hnh trch c to vi kch thc khc thc t v gi tr kch thc d nhin phi sa li cho ng theo cch th cng, rt d nhm v hay b qun khi sa i g trong thit k. C mt cch mang tnh chuyn nghip gii quyt nhng vn ny, ta ch mt cng mt cht ng mt ln duy nht ny thi, sau ch cn p dng mt cch nhanh chng v khoa hc. l s dng Layout to trang in. AutoCAD c 2 ca s: Model v Layout. Model: dng v cc i tng thit k, mi tp tin ch c 1 khng gian Model thi. Khng gian ca Model l 3D (X, Y v Z) v ko di v tn. Vic v trong Model phi tun th nguyn tc l phi v ng theo kch thc thc, cc kch thc phi ly chnh xc v tn trng gi tr thc , khng c g gi tr bng tay. Layout: dng in cc i tng trong Model, mi tp tin c th c nhiu Layout, ty thuc s bn v bn cn. Khng gian ca Layout ch gii hn trong kh giy in m thi v ch c hai chiu l X v Y. Layout cho php chn nhiu hnh nh ca cc i tng trong Model vi t l hin th ty v phm vi ty . Nh vy, ta c th chn c hoc ch mt phn cc i tng c v v c th chn nhiu nh ca 1 i tng vi cc t l khc nhau. Trc tin, ta cn lm my th tc, cho khi phi lm li nhng th tc ny, ta s lu n nh l mt Template, sau , mi khi cn thit k, ta ch vic m Template ny ra lm vic. Cc th tc nh sau: 1. To cc Layer (lp i tng) cn thit: Ngoi Layer 0 theo mc nh, ti thiu ta cn c thm hai Layer l Dim1 v Dim 2 dng cho cc kch thc s c hin th ti cc cng nhn khc nhau.

Cc bn c th to thm cc Layer khc theo nhu cu, nh t m v mu sc thch hp cho

chng. Theo ti, cc nt c bn nn 0.5mm v cc nt mnh nn l 0.15mm. 2. To trang in: Click nhn Layout1 di y, bn thy hp thoi sau:

Click nt Modify ri chn my in, kh giy:

Sau khi to khung tn trc tip trn trang ny, ta c mt Layout nh sau:

Tng t, ta to thm cc trang in vi cc kh giy khc. 3. nh dng kch thc: Vo trnh n Format, Dimension Style..., chn nhn Fit v click Scale dimension to layout c kch thc s tun theo kh giy:

Th l xong, bn lu tp tin ny l !Template.dwt dng n lm mu (du chm than t trc tp tin ny lun trn cng cho d chn). Sau ng AutoCAD li. Sau ny, bn m n ra thit k, d mun hay khng, AutoCAD s bt bn phi lu bn v vi tn khc gi nguyn template ny. By gi gi s ti c thit k v cn in n nh sau:

Tm thi, cc kch thc u t Layer Dim1. Ti click vo nhn Layout A4 lm xut hin trang giy, g MV ri Enter v v mt hnh ch nht trong trang giy ny, ta c ngay:

Ta c th iu chnh kch c v di chuyn cng nhn hnh ch nht ny bng grip sao cho thch hp. Sau chuyn n vo lp Defpoint c t to ra, lp ny s khng in ra giy. Bn ch l cc ch s v mi tn kch thc qu nh, ta hy double-click vo trong cng nhn kch hot n ri vo trnh n Dimensions, Update, sau g All (chn tt c cc kch thc)

v Enter, ta c kt qu:

Ta chuyn cc kch thc ca rnh joint sang lp Dim2 v khng cho n hin th ti cng ny. By gi, ti mun th hin chi tit rnh t joint gc cao bn tri bng mt hnh trch. Ti v mt hnh trn vo ch thch hp nh sau:

G MV, Enter ri g O ri li Enter v chn ng trn, ta c:

Bn thy trong hnh trn l ton b hnh v bn Model, double-click kch hot n ri Zoom vi t l thch hp v Pan n v tr hp l:

By gi th kch thc hin th y li qu ln, ta li vo trnh n Dimensions, Update v chn my kch thc ny ri Enter:

Ta cng khng cho Dim1 hin th trong cng ny. Thm vi ghi ch, cui cng ta c: