2006 Board of Certified Safety Professionals All rights reserved.

This publication may be freely copied and distributed as long as credit is given to the Board of Certified Safety Professionals. Third Edition (Revised) August 2006

TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................................................... 1 OVERVIEW OF BCSP EXAMINATIONS............................................................................................................................. 4 ELIGIBILITY TIME LIMIT RULES....................................................................................................................................... 7 BCSP EXAMINATION BLUEPRINTS .................................................................................................................................. 8 THE SAFETY FUNDAMENTALS EXAMINATION.......................................................................................................... 16 SAMPLE SAFETY FUNDAMENTALS EXAMINATION ITEMS..................................................................................... 17 ANSWERS TO SAMPLE SAFETY FUNDAMENTALS EXAMINATION ITEMS........................................................... 25 SOLUTIONS TO SAMPLE SAFETY FUNDAMENTALS EXAMINATION ITEMS........................................................ 25 THE COMPREHENSIVE PRACTICE EXAMINATION..................................................................................................... 27 SAMPLE COMPREHENSIVE PRACTICE EXAMINATION ITEMS................................................................................ 28 ANSWERS TO SAMPLE COMPREHENSIVE PRACTICE EXAMINATION ITEMS...................................................... 40 SOLUTIONS TO SAMPLE COMPREHENSIVE PRACTICE EXAMINATION ITEMS .................................................. 40 PREPARING FOR BCSP EXAMINATIONS ....................................................................................................................... 43 PUBLISHED REFERENCES PRESENTING COVERAGE OF SUBJECT MATTER ASSOCIATED WITH BCSP EXAMINATION BLUEPRINTS ........................................................................................... 48 SELF-EVALUATION WORKSHEET FOR BCSP EXAMINATIONS ............................................................................... 54 TAKING BCSP EXAMINATIONS....................................................................................................................................... 56 COMPUTER-DELIVERED EXAMINATION RULES ........................................................................................................ 60 EXAMINATION REFERENCE ............................................................................................................................................ 61

INTRODUCTION Using This Publication This publication provides information about examinations leading to the Certified Safety Professional, or CSP, credential.1 The companion publication to this document, the CSP Application Guide, provides detailed information on the qualifications for earning the CSP credential and the application process. You may download this publication and the CSP Application Guide from the Board of Certified Safety Professionals (BCSP) web site at www.bcsp.org, or you may contact the BCSP office to obtain a free copy. An overview of the Safety Fundamentals and Comprehensive Practice examinations is presented in this publication along with their respective examination blueprints. Sample items typical of the respective examinations are presented in subsequent sections with solutions and explanations. A section of this publication explains how to prepare for BCSP examinations and lists organizations offering preparation materials. There is a section describing computer-delivered examinations and the procedures used at the testing centers. A copy of the BCSP Examination Reference is also provided. The BCSP Examination Reference contained in this publication is the same as the formula and equation reference document available online to candidates at the testing centers. The CSP Process The process of earning and maintaining the CSP credential is summarized in the following paragraphs. Complete and submit application materials. BCSP will review your application materials to determine whether you have met the academic and experience requirements and are eligible for the Safety Fundamentals or Comprehensive Practice examinations. If you are eligible, BCSP will inform you of the length of your eligibility period and the expiration date of your eligibility. Complete all requirements for the CSP credential. After completing all of the requirements, BCSP will award you use of the CSP credential. Pay an annual renewal fee. The CSP credential and the interim designation Associate Safety Professional (ASP) are awarded on an annual basis. Those holding these designations must pay an annual fee in order to retain the use of these designations. Meet Continuance of Certification requirements. Those holding the CSP credential must remain up-to-date with changes in professional practice by compiling 25 Continuance of Certification points every five years. Register to take the examination leading to the CSP credential. Anytime during your eligibility period, you may register with BCSP to take a BCSP examination. After you register and pay for an examination authorization, BCSP will (1) notify the examination delivery service provider that you are an authorized examination candidate and (2) inform you how long you have to make an appointment and complete your examination. Make an appointment to take your examination at a testing center near you, and sit for your examination at the scheduled time. BCSP's examination delivery service provider has hundreds of testing centers that are open every business day (many also have weekend and holiday hours). Your examination will be delivered to you on a computer at the testing center. You will receive your unofficial results as soon as you log off the testing center's computer system. BCSP will send you your official results within three weeks after you take your examination. If you fail an examination, you may register and pay for another examination authorization as soon as you receive your official examination results from BCSP. However, if you fail an examination, you should try to enhance your knowledge of the material before you retake the examination in order to increase the likelihood of passing it.

1 The CSP logo is a registered mark with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. CSP and Certified Safety Professional are registered certification marks issued by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office to the Board of Certified Safety Professionals.

The CSP Credential The CSP credential is awarded by BCSP to safety professionals who meet the requirements to achieve and retain it. Certified Safety Professionals are: Respected by other safety professionals. Honored by the safety profession. Preferred or required by many employers of safety professionals. Required in many government and private contracts. Paid on the average about $17,000 more per year than safety professionals without certification. Likely to fill more responsible management and executive positions than those without the CSP credential.

Definitions A safety professional is one who applies the expertise gained from a study of safety science, principles, practices, and other subjects and from professional safety experience to create or develop procedures, processes, standards, specifications, and systems to achieve optimal control or reduction of the hazards and exposures that may harm people, property, or the environment. Professional safety experience, as interpreted by BCSP, must be the primary function of a position and account for at least 50% of the position's responsibility. Professional safety experience involves analysis, synthesis, investigation, evaluation, research, planning, design, administration, and consultation to the satisfaction of peers, employers, and clients in the prevention of harm to people, property, and the environment. Professional safety experience differs from nonprofessional safety experience in the degree of responsible charge and the ability to defend analytical approaches and recommendations for engineering or administrative controls. A Certified Safety Professional, or CSP, is a safety professional who has met and continues to meet all requirements established by BCSP and is authorized by BCSP to use the Certified Safety Professional title and the CSP credential. An Associate Safety Professional, or ASP, is a temporary designation awarded by BCSP. This designation describes an individual who has met the academic requirements for the CSP credential and has passed the Safety Fundamentals examination, the first of two examinations leading to the CSP credential.

The CSP credential: Is held by about 75% of the leaders in the safety profession. Is cited in federal, state, and local laws, regulations, and standards. Is recognized by U.S. and foreign safety and health organizations. Adds $150 million annually to the salary base of the safety profession.

Recipients of the CSP credential receive: The authority to use the Certified Safety Professional title and the CSP credential. A wall certificate showing their achievement. An annual wallet card showing their title and qualifications. A personalized BCSP certification announcement. The BCSP Newsletter. The BCSP Annual Report. Representation for promoting and protecting the CSP credential.

About BCSP BCSP was organized in 1969 as a peer certification board. Its purpose is to certify practitioners in the safety profession. The specific functions of the Board are to: Evaluate the academic and professional experience qualifications of safety professionals. Administer examinations. Issue certifications to those professionals who meet the Board's criteria and successfully pass required examinations.

Accreditation The Certified Safety Professional credential meets the highest national and international accreditation and personnel certification standards for certification bodies. International Accreditation International Organization for Standardization/ International Electrotechnical Commission ISO/IEC 170241 National Accreditation National Commission for Certifying Agencies2 Council of Engineering and Scientific Specialty Boards3

In 1968, the American Society of Safety Engineers studied the issue of certification for safety professionals and recommended the formation of a certification program. This recommendation led to establishing BCSP in July 1969. 13 directors who represent the breadth of the safety, health, and environmental practice, as well as the public, govern BCSP. Six of the directors are nominated by professional membership organizations affiliated with BCSP. The professional membership organizations currently affiliated with BCSP are: American Industrial Hygiene Association American Society of Safety Engineers Institute of Industrial Engineers National Safety Council Society of Fire Protection Engineers System Safety Society

BCSP has issued the CSP credential to over 18,000 people, and over 10,000 currently maintain their CSP certification.

1 U.S. Administrator: American National Standards Institute, Personnel Certification Accreditation, 1819 L Street NW, 6th Floor, Washington, DC 20036; Phone: 202-293-8020; Web: www.ansi.org. 2 National Commission for Certifying Agencies, 2025 M Street NW, Suite 800, Washington DC 20036; Phone: 202-367-1165; Web: www.noca.org/ncca/ncca.htm. 3 Council of Engineering and Scientific Specialty Boards, P.O. Box 1448, Annapolis, MD 21404; Phone: 410-266-3766; Web: www.cesb.org.

OVERVIEW OF BCSP EXAMINATIONS BCSP Examinations There are two examinations leading to the CSP credential: Safety Fundamentals and Comprehensive Practice. Some candidates receive a waiver of the Safety Fundamentals examination if they were rigorously examined through another allied certification or licensing process approved by BCSP. All candidates for the CSP credential must pass the Comprehensive Practice examination. The latest role delineation and examination validation study is based on expert input from over 1,500 CSPs and addresses what safety professionals do in practice. The results of these activities produced a detailed blueprint of the domains, responsibilities, knowledge, and skills in which safety professionals must demonstrate competence. The examination subject matter appears in these blueprints as the knowledge and skills required within each responsibility. The examination blueprints for BCSP examinations are on pages 8 through 15. General Description The Safety Fundamentals and Comprehensive Practice examinations both consist of 200 multiple-choice items with four possible answers. Only one answer is correct. Each item is independent and does not rely on the correct answer to any other item. Data necessary to answer items are included in the item or in a scenario shared by several items. Your score is based on the number of scored items you correctly answer. You will have five hours to complete the Safety Fundamentals examination and five and one-half hours to complete the Comprehensive Practice examination. Examinations are closed book, and accessing external reference materials during your examination is not permitted. During the actual examination, the Examination Reference (pages 62 through 71) will be available to candidates on every item in the form of a button entitled Reference. All 10 pages of the Examination Reference are available and can be viewed quickly while taking the examination. Computer-based Testing BCSP examinations use computer-based testing, with one item appearing on the screen at a time. You will simply use a mouse to point to the desired answer and click on it to select it. Answers can be changed the same way. You can mark items to return to later or simply skip them and move to the next item. At the end of the examination, there is a table of items and answers selected. The table also shows skipped and marked items. You can return to any item by simply clicking on the item number. Prior to beginning the actual examination, there is a tutorial. After completing the examination, you will log off to formally submit your examination for scoring. You will then receive unofficial examination results before you leave the testing center facility. Reasonable Accommodations for Candidates with Documented Disabilities If you need reasonable accommodations for a documented disability, you must advise BCSP of your needs when purchasing an examination authorization. BCSP will ask you to provide additional information related to the requested accommodation(s). If BCSP is unaware of your need for one or more reasonable accommodations during the examination, the examination management staff will not permit your reasonable accommodations. Use of Assistive Devices If you need to use one or more assistive devices during an examination (e.g., wheelchair, visual and physical prosthetic devices), you must advise BCSP of your needs when purchasing an examination authorization. BCSP will ask you to provide additional information related to the assistive devices. If BCSP is unaware of your need to use assistive devices during the examination, the examination management staff will not allow you to have or use assistive devices within the secure examination area. Examination Environment You may find that the examination room is too cool or too warm or that the computer testing workstation is not ergonomically designed for you. In addition, you may be distracted during an examination by noises such as mouse clicks and typing by other examinees in the room. BCSP does everything possible to help make your examination experience a positive one, and many of these distractions affect people differently. Therefore, you may want to plan for them. For example, you should consider wearing clothing that will allow you to remain comfortable in either a cool or warm environment, and consider having earplugs to block as much environmental noise as possible. You should contact the examination management staff if the

environmental conditions in the examination room are unreasonable. Examination Changes Periodically, BCSP validates the content of its examinations to help ensure that the examinations reflect what is important, relevant, and critical in professional safety practice. The process for validating professional certification examinations against current practices produces examination blueprints. The Safety Fundamentals and Comprehensive Practice examination blueprints are described on pages 8 through 15. Examination Blueprints Table 1 shows the distribution of items among domains for the Safety Fundamentals (SF) and Comprehensive Practice (CP) examinations. Table 1. Item Distribution by Domains
Domain Domain 1 Safety, Health, and Environmental Management Domain 2 Safety, Health, and Environmental Engineering Domain 3 Safety, Health, and Environmental Information Management and Communications Domain 4 Professional Conduct and Ethics Percent of Items on Examination SF: 37% CP: 34% SF: 25% CP: 31% SF: 33% CP: 30% SF: 5% CP: 5%

Table 2. Examination Comparison

SAFETY FUNDAMENTALS COMPREHENSIVE PRACTICE

Model Candidate Characteristics Candidate possesses required academic background based on BCSPs model bachelors degree in safety (or equivalent). Candidate possesses no professional safety work experience. Candidate possesses required academic background in safety and has passed the Safety Fundamentals examination (or other acceptable examinations). Candidate possesses four years of professional safety work experience with responsible charge.

Examination Characteristics Test presents problems that are subject matter based. Test requires primary fundamental knowledge in safety disciplines. Test incorporates basic principles and methods of practice. Test emphasizes recall, understanding of factual information, and basic problem solving. Test presents problems that are based on work contents. Test requires advanced knowledge in safety disciplines. Test incorporates advanced principles and methods of practice. Test emphasizes comprehension, advanced and complex problem solving, and analysis.

Certificant Characteristics Awarded ASP designation. Qualified for positions involving responsible charge. Awarded CSP certification. Qualified for positions involving program management.

The chart on pages 8 through 15 provides complete details on the examinations' structures: domains, responsibilities, knowledge, and skills. Differences Between the Safety Fundamentals and Comprehensive Practice Examinations While the table above and the detailed examination blueprints show that the examination structures are nearly identical for Safety Fundamentals and Comprehensive Practice examinations, there are significant differences. Not only do the examinations differ in the number of items devoted to each domain, they differ in the kinds of materials covered. Table 2 compares these two BCSP examinations.

Safety Fundamentals. In general, the Safety Fundamentals examination measures a range of basic knowledge required in professional safety practice. The examination is oriented toward knowledge typical of the academically trained, entry-level safety professional. Most items are likely to focus on facts, definitions, terminology, methods, and similar forms of basic knowledge. While some items test applied knowledge, the applications are basic and rely on very limited experience. Items typically deal with simple rather than complex problems, calculations, and situations. Comprehensive Practice. The Comprehensive Practice examination tests applied knowledge and the application of

experience gained through professional safety practice. Several items are series items in which several associated items depend on the same set of data, description of a situation, illustration, or other information. The answer to an item in a series does not depend on the answer to any other item in the series. Domain Definitions The chart that begins on page 8 explains the four domains of professional safety practice, the responsibilities within each domain, and the knowledge and skills required for effectively performing each responsibility. BCSP has always interpreted safety practice in broad terms. As a result, BCSP examinations cover safety, health, industrial hygiene, fire protection, ergonomics, environmental protection, and related topics. Recent data indicate that only about 13% of CSPs deal solely with safety as a job function. Over 87% of CSPs deal with some combination of the other topics, and 40% are responsible for safety, health, and environmental matters. Examination Passing Scores BCSP uses a criterion-referenced procedure (the modified Angoff method) to establish minimum passing scores for examinations. This procedure ensures that your score is independent of scores for other candidates sitting for the examination and involves having a panel of experts rate each examination item with respect to a candidate who would just meet the minimum requirements to sit for the examination and should know the correct answer. The minimum passing score is calculated from results across all raters and across all examination items. The ratings reflect such things as the difficulty of items and the degree to which items are common for all areas of professional practice. As examinations are modified on a regular basis, the minimum passing score is adjusted for the difficulty of items on the examination. Item performance is also evaluated regularly to ensure that BCSP examinations maintain the highest testing standards. Examination Development and Revisions BCSP updates examinations continuously. Most items come from safety professionals in practice. Before items are accepted into item banks, they go through rigorous technical, psychometric, and grammatical editing. In addition, practicing safety professionals with expertise in the subject area of the item review edited items on several criteria, including importance in and relevance to professional safety. Also, 1015% of the items on BCSP examinations are experimental, and do not contribute to a

candidate's pass/fail decision. BCSP analyzes the performance of these experimental items before deciding to include them in the official item bank. Items that successfully complete this quality process are placed in the item bank for potential use in examinations. Throughout item development, examination development, examination revision, and examination administration, BCSP consults with experienced testing specialists (psychometricians) to ensure that BCSP examinations and the entire testing and certification process conform to acceptable practices and accreditation standards. Calculators and Calculations Some items on BCSP examinations require you to make computations to determine the correct answer. Solutions to these items are usually rounded to two or three significant figures. You should select the answer closest to the computed value. You may bring one or two calculators to the examination as long as they comply with the BCSP calculator rules.
BCSP Calculator Rules The following are the only makes and models of calculators permitted.
Casio models FX-115, FX-250, FX-260, FX-300 Hewlett-Packard models hp 9, hp 10, hp 12, hp 30 Texas Instruments models TI-30, TI-34, TI-35, TI-36 Any version of these makes and models may be used. For example, a Hewlett-Packard hp 30s is permitted, as is a Texas Instruments TI-30Xa.

Examination Integrity BCSP examinations are closed book, except for your authorized calculators and the materials for working out calculations provided to you by examination management staff. Once the examination is started, you may not access any materials beyond those given to you by the staff until you formally submit your examination for scoring. If you take a self-scheduled break, you must take it inside the testing facility, and your examination clock will continue to run. During breaks, you are not permitted to access any written or electronic materials, electronic devices or have contact with anyone other than staff. BCSP will invalidate your examination and pursue disciplinary charges in accordance with BCSP's Bylaws if you access prohibited materials, have contact with anyone except examination management staff, or leave the testing facility while taking a BCSP examination.

ELIGIBILITY TIME LIMIT RULES

Eligibility Time Limit Rules

Three-year Rules Three-year time limits apply to several steps in the CSP candidate process. ASP Candidates If you are eligible for the Safety Fundamentals examination, you must sit for the examination at least once every three years. The three years are computed from the date you become eligible or from the date you last took the examination and failed to achieve a passing score. If you are eligible for the Safety Fundamentals examination and cannot sit for the examination before the expiration of your threeyear time limit, you may pay a $100 fee and obtain a one-year extension to your time limit. In some cases, you may be eligible to purchase a second one-year extension at the end of the first extension for a $200 fee. Contact the BCSP office to see if you are eligible for the second extension. CSP Candidates If you are eligible for the Comprehensive Practice examination, you must pass the examination and earn your CSP credential within three years of becoming eligible. The Comprehensive Practice examination eligibility date occurs when you reach 96 points through education and professional safety experience and have either passed or received a waiver of the Safety Fundamentals examination. If you are eligible for the Comprehensive Practice examination and cannot achieve the CSP credential before your three-year time limit expires, you may pay a $100 fee and obtain a one-year extension to your time limit. In some cases, you may be eligible to purchase a second one-year extension at the end of the first extension for a $200 fee. Contact the BCSP office to see if you are eligible for the second extension. Application and In-process Time Limits ASP Candidates All ASP candidates who need additional experience to achieve eligibility to sit for the Safety Fundamentals examination must submit experience update information within 60 days after receiving an update request from BCSP. Your application may be terminated if you fail to submit an experience update form within the time limit. CSP Candidates All CSP candidates who need additional experience to achieve eligibility to sit for the Comprehensive Practice examination must submit experience update information within 60 days after receiving an update request from BCSP. Your application may be terminated if you fail to submit an experience update form within the time limit. Candidates must show progress toward fulfilling the safety experience eligibility requirement by the end of the second year after the original projected eligibility. Failure to meet these time limits will result in a terminated application. Upon termination, your records will be destroyed and you will have to reapply and restart the application process. Examination Authorization Time Limits Once you purchase an examination authorization for $275, you have 120 days from the purchase date to make an appointment and sit for the examination. If you do not sit for the examination within 120 days, or purchase a one-time, 60-day examination authorization extension for $50 from BCSP during that time, your examination authorization will expire, and you must purchase another examination authorization to sit for the examination. Once you purchase an examination, make your appointment as soon as possible (eight or more weeks in advance) since testing center availability is very limited. If you have already scheduled an appointment, you must cancel it BEFORE you purchase a 60-day examination authorization extension.

BCSP EXAMINATION BLUEPRINTS The BCSP examination blueprints are based on surveys of what safety professionals do in practice. The table below provides the details. The top levels, called domains, represent major functions that safety professionals perform. Within each domain are responsibilities. For each responsibility, there is a list of knowledge and skills required to carry out this responsibility. The same domains, responsibilities, knowledge, and skills apply to the Safety Fundamentals examination as well as the Comprehensive Practice examination. They differ somewhat in the portion of items applicable to each domain. The main difference between the two examinations is that the Safety Fundamentals examination measures basic knowledge required for practice, while the Comprehensive Practice examination tests applied knowledge and the application of experience gained through professional safety practice.
DOMAIN 1 Safety, Health, and Environmental Management (Safety Fundamentals - 37% Comprehensive Practice - 34%)
Responsibility 1 Design comprehensive management systems by defining requirements and developing policies, procedures, and programs to protect people, property, and the environment. Knowledge 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. Statutory and case law regulating safety, health, and the environment Operational process to design/develop safe work practices Material process flow Safety, health and environmental sciences Design of hazard control systems (i.e., fall protection, scaffolding) Design of recordkeeping systems that allow for collection, storage, interpretation, and dissemination Mathematics and statistics Methods and techniques for achieving safety through design Methods and techniques for accident investigation Property protection (physical and intellectual) and security Organizational theory and behavioral science Skills 1. Interpreting and applying regulations 2. Applying inspection and control methods for potentially hazardous exposures 3. Mathematical and statistical analysis 4. Analyzing production process hazards 5. Designing safe work practices for systems, facilities, and equipment 6. Interpreting and applying safety, health, and environmental science data for process improvement 7. Interpersonal communication 8. Problem solving in incident investigation 9. Integrating safety system into the organizational culture 10. Designing effective training programs with emphasis on employee behavior

Responsibility 2 Implement policies, procedures, and programs through management systems to protect people, property, and the environment. Knowledge 1. 2. 3. 4. Organizational theory and behavioral science Education and training methods Basic sciences: chemistry, biology, physics, physiology, and anatomy Safety, health, and environmental sciences Skills 1. Interpersonal communication 2. Teaching and training in safety, health, and environmental science areas and how they apply to the management system 3. Using basic science to explain safety, health, and environmental issues 4. Developing systems to track implementation 5. Ensuring that delegation of authority and responsibility are in compliance with the management system design

Responsibility 3 Determine the effectiveness of management systems by measuring and evaluating performance indicators to ensure continuous improvement in the protection of people, property, and the environment. Knowledge 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Quantitative and qualitative performance indicators Mathematics and statistics Basic sciences: chemistry, biology, physics, physiology, and anatomy Safety, health, and environmental issues Management and behavioral sciences Laws, standards, and regulations Safety management systems Education and training methods Auditing techniques and management systems reviews Skills 1. Applying safety, health, and environmental knowledge to determine system effectiveness 2. Mathematical and statistical analysis 3. Applying management and behavioral science to determine system effectiveness 4. Interpreting regulations to ensure a compliant and effective system 5. Using interpersonal communication 6. Using accepted system safety techniques to compare system to industry/consensus systems 7. Sampling and making observations 8. Improving policies and procedures

Responsibility 4 Implement risk management strategies by using the results of hazard identification and risk analyses to eliminate and/or reduce harmful exposures to people, property, and the environment. Knowledge 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. Laws, standards, and regulations Processing operations (e.g., critical inputs, assessment, and inventory) Mathematics and statistics Insurance practices (types and premium calculations) Industrial hygiene, including chemical, physical, and biological agents Safety engineering Safety management Fire prevention and protection, including life safety Construction safety Education and training methods Ergonomics program management Transportation/fleet safety management Workers compensation and case management Risk management concepts Crisis management Post-incident and loss mitigation Behavior modification Safety through design process 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Skills Interpreting laws, standards, and regulations Mathematical and statistical analysis Analyzing process flow, management of critical paths/systems Quantifying loss data and trends Analyzing sampling results and other data to support decision making and prioritizing control recommendations 6. Organizing the results and recommendations into an effective training program 7. Managing safety through the design processes

Responsibility 5 Apply sound business practices and economic principles for efficient use of resources to increase the value of the safety processes. Knowledge 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Business regulations and laws Economics, accounting, and statistics Process management, material flow, and procurement Personnel development techniques Insurance practices (types and premium calculations) Drug/alcohol programs, including employee assistance programs Capital budgeting and long-range planning 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Skills Writing job descriptions that include safety accountability as a line item Quantifying the economic value of the safety process Determining the most appropriate drug and alcohol testing programs Acquiring, allocating, and controlling human and material resources Using performance evaluations to quantify the effectiveness of employee programs 6. Applying project controls (budgeting, scheduling, estimating) to maximize system efficiency 7. Using capital budgeting techniques, activity-based cost accounting, and cost-benefit analysis

Responsibility 6 Encourage participation through communication and other methods to ensure that all stakeholders (e.g., employees, managers, vendors, contractors) have an understanding and an active role in the formulation and implementation of safety processes. Knowledge 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Communication and presentation techniques Organizational theory and behavioral science Laws, standards, and regulations that require employee participation Economics and budgeting Management principles Employee participation committees Labor relations, including union/management committees 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Skills Communication and presentation Organizational development Interpreting and applying laws, standards, and regulations Problem solving Behavior modification techniques Using capital budgeting techniques, activity-based cost accounting, and cost-benefit analysis 7. Implementing employee participation committees 8. Working with unions and management

DOMAIN 2 Safety, Health, and Environmental Engineering (Safety Fundamentals - 25% Comprehensive Practice - 31%)
Responsibility 1 Evaluate facilities, products, systems, equipment, workstations, and processes by applying qualitative and quantitative techniques to identify the hazards and assess the associated risks. Knowledge 1. Methods and techniques for evaluation of facilities, products, systems, equipment, workstations, and processes 2. Methods and techniques for measurement, sampling, and analysis 3. Specifications and drawings 4. Laws, standards, and regulations 5. Risk assessment techniques 6. Characteristics and hazards of materials 7. Basic sciences: chemistry, biology, physics, physiology, and anatomy 8. Applied engineering sciences: electronics, mechanics, thermodynamics, materials, structures, plant layout, etc. 9. Industrial hygiene, including chemical, physical, and agents 10. Fire prevention and protection, including life safety 11. Environmental protection and pollution prevention 12. Construction safety 13. System safety 14. Product safety 15. Behavioral sciences 16. Education and training methods 17. Ergonomics and human factors 18. Process safety 19. Physical and chemical characteristics of hazardous materials 20. Equipment and facility safety requirements Skills 1. Applying methods and techniques for hazard identification, hazard evaluation, risk assessment, and control 2. Using analytical equipment: monitoring and sampling equipment 3. Interpreting plans, specifications, and drawings 4. Interpreting laws, standards, and regulations 5. Consulting with subject matter experts 6. Consulting with equipment manufacturers/suppliers and construction contractors to ensure safety control compliance 7. Benchmarking with other companies in the same industry for safety equipment/facility design, engineering, and controls

Responsibility 2 Recommend controls through design, engineering, and specification to eliminate or reduce the risks posed by safety, health, and environmental hazards. Knowledge 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. Laws, standards, and regulations Risk management Recordkeeping, data collection, and retrieval systems Materials Basic sciences: chemistry, biology, physics, physiology, and anatomy Applied engineering sciences: electronics, mechanics, thermodynamics, materials, structures, plant layout, etc. Industrial hygiene, including chemical, physical, and biological agents Fire prevention and protection, including life safety Environmental protection and pollution prevention Construction safety System safety Product safety Behavioral sciences Education and training methods Ergonomics and human factors Process safety Ventilation systems Procurement Skills 1. Interpreting laws, standards, and regulations 2. Applying methods and techniques for hazard identification, hazard evaluation, risk assessment, and control 3. Using data collection, retrieval, and analysis systems 4. Eliminating or controlling exposure to identified hazards by substitution, engineering, or using personal protective equipment 5. Consulting with subject matter experts 6. Communicating risks that are present and appropriate control measures to management

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Responsibility 3 Evaluate controls by analyzing feasibility, effectiveness, reliability, and cost to achieve the optimal solution. Knowledge 1. Laws, standards, and regulations 2. Methods and techniques for evaluating feasibility, effectiveness, reliability, and cost-benefit 3. Risk assessment 4. Specifications and drawings 5. Data management 6. Industrial hygiene, including chemical, physical, and biological agents 7. Fire prevention and protection, including life safety 8. Environmental protection and pollution prevention 9. Construction technology 10. Inspection and auditing techniques 11. System and occupational safety Responsibility 4 Obtain compliance certifications, listings, approvals, or authorizations by identifying and meeting applicable national and international laws, regulations, and standards in order to ensure product, process, and facility safety. Knowledge 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Laws, standards, and regulations Data management Quality assurance and control Documentation protocol Certification requirements Appropriate entities to contact for forms, approval, and certifications 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Skills Interpreting data Interpreting laws, standards, and regulations Performing quality assurance audits and inspections Using document processing protocols Managing the approval process Consulting with subject matter experts Meeting with federal, state, and local officials Skills 1. Interpreting laws, standards, and regulations 2. Applying methods and techniques for evaluating feasibility, effectiveness, reliability, and cost-benefit 3. Applying economics analysis 4. Interpreting plans, specifications, and drawings 5. Performing compliance and conformance inspections and audits 6. Consulting with subject matter experts 7. Using data collection and retrieval systems 8. Interpreting analytical results 9. Testing and maintaining fire detection and suppression systems

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DOMAIN 3 Safety, Health, and Environmental Information Management and Communications (Safety Fundamentals - 33% Comprehensive Practice - 30%)
Responsibility 1 Develop effective training programs by establishing learning objectives to impart knowledge and facilitate an understanding of hazards and controls. Knowledge 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Adult learning Group dynamics Technical content Needs analysis Testing and measurement Presentation media and technologies Graphic design Skills 1. Applying appropriate lesson plans that include interactive learning (e.g., small exchange, case studies, experience sharing) 2. Item/question writing and test construction 3. Using presentation technology: hardware and software 4. Conducting audience needs assessments 5. Facilitating group interactions to maximize learning 6. Making effective graphics 7. Providing an effective learning environment (e.g., classroom layout, lighting, minimal distraction) 8. Organizing presentations

Responsibility 2 Deliver effective training programs by using media and methods appropriate to the audience to maximize understanding of the subject matter. Knowledge 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Presentation media Adult learning Target audience background and informational needs Group dynamics Active learning techniques Conflict resolution techniques 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Skills Using presentation technology: hardware and software Using lesson plans Soliciting audience feedback Resolving conflicts Encouraging participation Communicating effectively using verbal and nonverbal skills Integrating critical thinking processing into presentations

Responsibility 3 Evaluate training programs through performance assessments and various forms of feedback in order to assure that training is effective. Knowledge 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Testing and measurement Sampling techniques Statistical analysis Item writing and test construction Methods for obtaining feedback 1. 2. 3. 4. Skills Item/question writing and test construction Using sampling techniques to assess performance Mathematical and statistical analysis Gathering feedback

Responsibility 4 Present technical information, both verbally and in writing, to effectively communicate with employees, management, customers, contractors, public relations officials, vendors, and the public. Knowledge 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Graphic design Group dynamics English and grammar Format for various types of media Protocols for public announcements Risk assessment techniques Legal aspects of communication 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Skills Using graphics, illustrations, and other media Audience dynamics Communicating effectively using verbal and nonverbal skills Formatting technical papers and other media Writing and delivering public announcements Applying risk communication strategies Writing procedures, policies, standard operating procedures, etc.

Responsibility 5 Communicate hazards, risks, and control measures to employees, management, customers, contractors, vendors, and the public by preparing and delivering appropriate information to educate an organization or the community. Knowledge 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Legal aspects of communication Labeling requirement for products, materials, and equipment International symbols Symbology (colors, wording, format, presentation) Cultural norms and their relationship to communication 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Skills Creating labels and warnings Applying international warnings and symbols Applying proper format: color, lighting, placement, etc. Integrating cultural norms into communications Delivering the information in the language and media appropriate for the audience

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Responsibility 6 Develop ongoing relationships with the community by interacting with outside organizations to foster a mutual understanding of the profession and community needs with regard to safety issues. Knowledge 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Governmental entities and responsibilities Mutual aid agreements Emergency response planning and communication Standards development Sphere of influence 1. 2. 3. 4. Skills Establishing and working within mutual aid agreements Planning and implementing emergency response activities Providing input during standards development Negotiating with political entities

Responsibility 7 Maintain a recordkeeping and data capture and retrieval system by using appropriate data management systems to acquire, analyze, and distribute accurate data. Knowledge 1. Recordkeeping and recording requirements (e.g., OSHA, EPA, workers compensation, hazardous waste permitting and manifesting requirements, DOT) 2. Statistical analysis 3. Computers, data transfer and storage hardware options 4. Data logging and monitoring equipment 5. Business software (e.g., database software) 6. Report development (e.g., training records, accident report forms, inspection forms) 7. Record retention requirements and management protocols (confidentiality, etc.) 8. Data analysis and presentation 9. Chain of custody regarding incident investigation Responsibility 8 Develop and maintain proficiency in professional communication through continuing personal education in the use of business technology. Knowledge 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Computer software concepts (databases, spreadsheets, word processing) Internet resources Information transfer and storage technologies Information acquisition (data logging) technologies Telecommunications technology 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Skills Using standard business software Exchanging information via the Internet Using information transfer and storage techniques Using data acquisition equipment Using teleconferencing, e-mail, and other electronic media Skills 1. Managing recordkeeping (e.g., OSHA, EPA, workers compensation, hazardous waste permitting and manifesting requirement requirements, DOT) 2. Mathematical and statistical analysis 3. Using computers, data transfer, and storage hardware 4. Using data loggers and monitoring equipment 5. Construction reports and data collection forms 6. Complying with confidentiality requirements 7. Complying with record retention protocols 8. Maintaining data integrity 9. Preserving chain of custody for evidence in incident investigation 10. Calculating accident and incidence rates

13

DOMAIN 4 Professional Conduct and Ethics (Safety Fundamentals - 5% Comprehensive Practice - 5%)
Responsibility 1 Hold paramount the protection of people, property, and the environment by persistently working with management and governmental agencies until the identified hazard has been eliminated or minimized. Knowledge 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. BCSP Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct Organizational protocol Conflict resolution techniques Formal and informal presentation techniques Negotiation procedures Laws, standards, and regulations 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Skills Applying BCSP Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct Following organizational protocol Resolving conflict Communicating effectively using verbal and nonverbal skills Negotiating compliance issues with government and other entities or affected parties 6. Using laws, standards, and regulations as benchmarks

Responsibility 2 Adhere to standards of professional conduct by limiting practice to areas of competence and avoiding conflicts of interest to minimize the potential for harm. Knowledge 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. BCSP Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct General business ethics Conflict resolution techniques Personal and professional limitations Methods of facilitating teamwork Competencies of other technical professionals with whom the safety professional interacts 7. Consequences of professional errors or omissions 8. Elements of a conflict of interest policy 9. Laws relating to conflict of interest Responsibility 3 Accept responsibility to promote safety by providing technical counsel and advice on issues related to the safety profession to protect people, property, and the environment. Knowledge 1. BCSP Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct 2. Sources safety, health, and environmental literature and other information 3. Job authority, responsibility, and accountability 4. Professional liability issues 5. Conflict resolution Responsibility 4 Conduct professional activities by following organizational protocol to assist in making positive, balanced, and effective decisions. Knowledge 1. 2. 3. 4. BCSP Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct General business ethics Organizational protocol Management principles of accountability and responsibility Skills 1. Applying BCSP Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct 2. Following organizational protocol 3. Applying management principles of authority, responsibility, and accountability Skills 1. Applying BCSP Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct 2. Avoiding errors and omissions 3. Resolving conflict 1. 2. 3. 4. Skills Applying BCSP Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct Applying team building and interpersonal techniques Resolving conflicts through negotiation Selecting consultants and outside resources and providing adequate support

Responsibility 5 Improve technical competency through continuing professional and self-development in order to increase knowledge and skills. Knowledge 1. BCSP Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct 2. Recent technical issues and advances in the safety, health, and environmental profession 3. Continuing education sources in the safety, health, and environmental profession (e.g., conferences, professional seminars, networking, textbooks, magazines, professional journals) 4. Specialty certification opportunities Skills 1. Applying BCSP Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct 2. Selecting appropriate professional development opportunities

14

Responsibility 6 Foster accurate accountability for injuries/illnesses and other types of occurrences by identifying root and contributing causes in order to assure that proper controls are implemented. Knowledge 1. 2. 3. 4. BCSP Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct Conflict resolution techniques Methods of identifying accident causation Management principles of authority, responsibility, and accountability 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Skills Applying BCSP Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct Performing incident investigations, including root cause analysis Interviewing people Negotiating acceptance and/or ultimately assigning responsibility Applying management principles of authority, responsibility, and accountability

15

THE SAFETY FUNDAMENTALS EXAMINATION The Safety Fundamentals examination is the first of two examinations leading to the CSP credential. This examination measures a range of fundamental knowledge required in professional safety practice. The examination is oriented toward knowledge typical of the academically trained, entry-level safety professional. It focuses mainly on facts, definitions, terminology, methods, and similar basic knowledge. While some items test applied knowledge, the applications are basic and rely on very limited experience. Items typically deal with simple rather than complex problems, calculations, and situations. Examination Blueprint The Safety Fundamentals examination consists of 200 multiple-choice items covering four major subject areas or domains. Each domain represents a major job function of safety professionals. Each examination item has one correct answer and three incorrect answers. Each item is independent of other items. BCSP performs periodic validation studies to determine the domains, responsibilities, knowledge, and skills exhibited by safety professionals. Surveys ask practitioners to rate domains and responsibilities for importance, time spent on them in practice, and the criticality should someone fail to know them. Analyses of survey results form the primary basis for deciding on distributions of subjects on examinations. Because surveys are conducted periodically to revalidate knowledge used in practice, the distributions on the Safety Fundamentals examination will change from time to time. Table 3 shows the distribution of items among domains for the Safety Fundamentals examination. Table 3. Item Distribution by Domains on the Safety Fundamentals Examination
Domain Domain 1 Safety, Health, and Environmental Management Domain 2 Safety, Health, and Environmental Engineering Domain 3 Safety, Health, and Environmental Information Management and Communications Domain 4 Professional Conduct and Ethics Percent of Items on Examination 37%

25%

33%

5%

References You can draw on study references in your own professional library or a company library. A list of published references providing reasonable coverage on the subject matter associated with the examination starts on page 48. BCSP updates this list periodically on the BCSP web site at www.bcsp.org. Examination items are not necessarily taken directly from these sources. You may have previous or later editions or other references in your own library or in a company library that also present coverage on the subject matter. BCSP examinations require some knowledge of U.S. laws, regulations, and standards. You should not rely on these laws, regulations, and standards as the only source of information in preparing for BCSP examinations. Professional safety practice extends beyond compliance with published standards and deals with principles and practices that form the basis of standards or are relied upon when there are no standards.

16

SAMPLE SAFETY FUNDAMENTALS EXAMINATION ITEMS A few sample items are included in this section. The items illustrate the style and format typical of items on the Safety Fundamentals examination.

Domain 1: Safety, Health, and Environmental Management

Responsibility 1. Design comprehensive management systems by defining requirements and developing policies, procedures, and programs to protect people, property, and the environment.

1.

Of the following, which is not a defense against a consumer pleading negligence on the part of the manufacturer? 1. 2. 3. 4. Disclaimer Contributory negligence State of the art in design Undetectable defect

Responsibility 2. Implement policies, procedures, and programs through management systems to protect people, property, and the environment.

2.

The principal function of the federal Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission is to: 1. 2. 3. 4. Adjudicate contested enforcement actions of federal OSHA. Review federal OSHA standards for technical accuracy. Oversee research in occupational safety and health. Advise the U.S. Secretary of Labor on occupational safety and health issues.

Responsibility 3. Determine the effectiveness of management systems by measuring and evaluating the performance indicators to ensure continuous improvement in the protection of people, property, and the environment.

3.

What is the standard deviation of the following data? 3.0, 7.0, 1.0, 6.0, 5.0, 7.0, 4.0, 7.0, 2.0, 8.0 1. 2. 3. 4. 2.4 5.8 1.5 5.0

Responsibility 4. Implement risk management strategies by using the results of hazard identification and risk analyses to eliminate and/or reduce harmful exposures to people, property, and the environment.

4.

Siderosis is a pneumoconiosis caused by inhalation of: 1. 2. 3. 4. Beryllium. Iron oxide. Lead oxide. Free silica.

17

Responsibility 5. Apply sound business practices and economic principles for efficient use of resources to increase the value of the safety processes.

5.

The annual losses from accidents in a small construction firm are expected to be $25,000 per year. These estimates only include direct losses. An investment of $35,000 in safety countermeasures will reduce these direct annual loss values to $10,000 per year. The projected life for this investment is five years at an estimated annual interest rate of 15%. The present worth of the annual savings from the safety countermeasures is: 1. 2. 3. 4. $101,000. $75,000. $50,000. $7,500.

Responsibility 6. Encourage participation through communication and other methods to ensure that all stakeholders (e.g., employees, managers, vendors, contractors) have an understanding and an active role in the formulation and implementation of safety processes.

6.

A CSP is communicating with a group of workers on improving their safety performance. Which communication method is most effective for developing a list of concerns to address with the group when solving this problem? 1. 2. 3. 4. Survey questionnaire Brainstorming session Letter from top management Individual meetings with the supervisors

18

Domain 2: Safety, Health, and Environmental Engineering

Responsibility 1. Evaluate facilities, products, systems, equipment, workstations, and processes by applying qualitative and quantitative techniques to identify the hazards and assess the associated risks.

7.

A block and tackle is arranged as shown to lift weight W. What vertical force F is required to maintain the system in equilibrium, neglecting friction and the weight of the block and tackle? 1. 2. 3. 4. F = W/2 F = 2W F = 2W/3 F = W/3

Responsibility 2. Recommend controls through design, engineering, and specification to eliminate or reduce the risks posed by safety, health, and environmental hazards.

8.

A control system contains a subsystem having series elements A and B. The subsystem will perform as intended if both elements A and B function properly. Failures by A and B are mutually exclusive. Failure rates of the two elements are equal at a long-term value of one failure per 10,000 trials. What is the long-term failure rate of the subsystem? 1. 2. 3. 4. One per 5,000 trials One per 10,000 trials One per 20,000 trials One per 100,000 trials

Responsibility 3. Evaluate controls by analyzing feasibility, effectiveness, reliability, and cost to achieve the optimal solution.

9.

A high-pressure compressor supplying a large nitrogen reservoir will be equipped with a new system of controls, sensing devices, automatic shutoff devices, and overpressure relief features. There is concern that this new system will not provide adequate control to prevent overpressure and catastrophic rupture of the nitrogen reservoir vessel. Which system safety technique best analyzes the possibility of vessel overpressure and rupture? 1. 2. 3. 4. Criticality analysis Preliminary hazard analysis Fault tree analysis Failure mode and effects analysis

19

Responsibility 4. Obtain compliance certifications, listings, approvals or authorizations by identifying and meeting applicable national and international laws, regulations, and standards in order to ensure product, process, and facility safety.

10.

Effective grounding may be accomplished by using a: 1. 2. 3. 4. Metal framework or metal structures with negligible resistance to ground or grounding electrodes. Three-conductor cords with polarized plug-in receptacles. Transformer isolation with a low resistance path to ground. Ground-fault circuit interrupter for every circuit with a proper cross-connection.

20

Domain 3: Safety, Health, and Environmental Information Management and Communications

Responsibility 1. Develop effective training programs by establishing learning objectives to impart knowledge and facilitate an understanding of hazards and controls.

11.

A learning objective is a statement about: 1. 2. 3. 4. What topics will be included in a training session. How much training time is needed to cover a topic. What trainees will be able to do after the training. What training method will be most effective.

Responsibility 2. Deliver effective training programs by using media and methods appropriate to the audience to maximize understanding of the subject matter.

12.

In developing a safety training program, the most essential consideration is: 1. 2. 3. 4. Training staff. Training methods. Content of training program. Training objectives.

Responsibility 3. Evaluate training programs through performance assessments and various forms of feedback in order to assure that training is effective.

13.

Which method is most effective in evaluating safety knowledge following training? 1. 2. 3. 4. Observing the person on the job Monitoring the accident rate for those who completed training Having trainees participate in a focus group Having trainees complete an objectively scored quiz

Responsibility 4. Present technical information, both verbally and in writing, to effectively communicate with employees, management, customers, contractors, public relations officials, vendors, and the public.

14.

Which software product is most helpful in preparing a presentation for department managers on their safety performance? 1. 2. 3. 4. Microsoft FrontPage Macromedia Dreamweaver Microsoft Access Microsoft PowerPoint

21

Responsibility 5. Communicate hazards, risks, and control measures to employees, management, customers, contractors, vendors, and the public by preparing and delivering appropriate information to educate an organization or the community.

15.

In preparing to discuss risks associated with contractor services, which risk-perception factor is most likely to gain contractor acceptance? 1. 2. 3. 4. High probability compared to low probability Natural compared to human made Involuntary compared to voluntary Affects many compared to affects few

Responsibility 6. Develop ongoing relationships with the community by interacting with outside organizations to foster a mutual understanding of the profession and community needs with regard to safety issues.

16.

A company is trying to gain community involvement in safety issues created by having the company operate in the community. Which local organization is most likely to have the most interest in working with the company? 1. 2. 3. 4. Better Business Bureau Chamber of Commerce Convention and Visitors Bureau League of Women Voters

Responsibility 7. Maintain a recordkeeping and data capture and retrieval system by using appropriate data management systems to acquire, analyze, and distribute accurate data.

17.

Which software product is best suited to constructing a database for tracking safety complaints about a companys consumer products? 1. 2. 3. 4. Corel Quattro Pro Microsoft Excel IBM Lotus 1-2-3 Corel Paradox

Responsibility 8. Develop and maintain proficiency in professional communication through continuing personal education in the use of business technology.

18.

In the development of an accident data collection system, the most important first step is to: 1. 2. 3. 4. Differentiate between human error and design error. Define the subsequent use of the data. Establish accident-reporting responsibilities. Codify data to conform to existing data sources.

22

Domain 4: Professional Conduct and Ethics

Responsibility 1. Hold paramount the protection of people, property, and the environment by persistently working with management and governmental agencies until the identified hazard has been eliminated or minimized.

19.

While reviewing 10-year-old employee exposure records, a CSP notices systemic calculation errors. The errors appear to result from converting personal monitor data to daily exposure values, thus understating actual exposures by 20 to 50%. Once the CSP knows that the data are actually incorrect, the CSP should: 1. 2. 3. 4. Take no action since the data are 10 years old. Send a letter to the company detailing these findings. Report the errors in writing directly to the nearest federal OSHA Area Office. Talk to a company official and recommend that a review of employees exposure records be completed.

Responsibility 2. Adhere to standards of professional conduct by limiting practice to areas of competence and avoiding conflicts of interest to minimize the potential for harm.

20.

According to the BCSP Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct, safety professionals are to act in a manner free of bias. Which factor is not included among types of bias? 1. 2. 3. 4. Age Religion Disability Employer

Responsibility 3. Accept responsibility to promote safety by providing technical counsel and advice on issues related to the safety profession to protect people, property, and the environment.

21.

To help convince a CSP of his expertise, a person tells a CSP that he holds the CSP credential. The CSP accesses the BCSP web site, but his name is not on the BCSP Directory and International Registry of Certified Safety Professionals. The CSP's next course of action is to: 1. 2. 3. 4. Focus on the safety-related issues and ignore his claim. Obtain a document showing that he is using the CSP credential and submit it to BCSP. Send a letter directly to his supervisor regarding his claim. Send a letter to federal OSHA about his claim.

23

Responsibility 4. Conduct professional activities by following organizational protocol to assist in making positive, balanced, and effective decisions.

22.

A company contracted with a general contractor to complete an addition to the companys office building. The contractor, in turn, hired a subcontractor to perform some trenching for footings. Out an office window, a CSP sees that a worker is in the unprotected trench and that the trench depth violates standards for soil types in the area. After ensuring that the imminently hazardous situation is immediately corrected, the CSP should:

1. 2. 3. 4.

Go to the worker in the trench and the backhoe operator and tell them to stop their work. Contact the companys contract representative and explain the violation of safety rules and what should be done to achieve safe work. Go to the general contractors safety officer in the onsite trailer, explain what was observed, and suggest what should be done. Call the subcontractors office and explain the danger for its workers and what correction in the operations will meet safety requirements.

Responsibility 5. Improve technical competency through continuing professional and self-development in order to increase knowledge and skills.

23.

Which organization sponsors an annual professional development conference that will permit attending CSPs to earn points in the CSP Continuance of Certification program?

1. 2. 3. 4.

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health American Board of Industrial Hygiene System Safety Society Board of Certified Safety Professionals

Responsibility 6. Foster accurate accountability for injuries/illnesses and other types of occurrences by identifying root and contributing causes in order to assure that proper controls are implemented.

24.

Which type of diagram was originated by Kaoru Ishikawa, is known as a cause-and-effect diagram, and is useful for identifying the root causes of the causal factors of accidents?

1. 2. 3. 4.

Control chart Flow diagram Histogram Fishbone diagram

24

ANSWERS TO SAMPLE SAFETY FUNDAMENTALS EXAMINATION ITEMS

Item No. 1 2 3 4 Correct Answer 1 1 1 2 Item No. 5 6 7 8 Correct Answer 3 2 4 1 Item No. 9 10 11 12 Correct Answer 3 1 3 4 Item No. 13 14 15 16 Correct Answer 4 4 2 2 Item No. 17 18 19 20 Correct Answer 4 2 2 4 Item No. 21 22 23 24 Correct Answer 2 2 3 4

SOLUTIONS TO SAMPLE SAFETY FUNDAMENTALS EXAMINATION ITEMS 1. Where a suit is based on negligence of the manufacturer, the issue of a disclaimer by the manufacturer is not a defense. Each of the other possible answers could be used in a defense of a suit based on negligence. 2. The federal Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission was established by the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 to review contested cases resulting from federal OSHA enforcement actions. 3. X 3.0 1.0 5.0 4.0 2.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 8.0 X = 50.0
X

4. Siderosis results from inhalation of iron oxide in operations such as welding and iron ore mining. 5. Loss savings = $25,000 - $10,000 = $15,000. Present worth factor uniform payment series = P = A {[(1 + i)n - 1] / [i(1 + i)n]} = (15,000) {[2.0114 - 1] /[0.3017]} = (15,000) (3.353) = $50,284 $50,000

5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0

= = = = = = = = = =

x -2 -4 0 -1 -3 2 1 2 2 3

x2 4 16 0 1 9 4 1 4 4 9 2 x = 52

6. Brainstorming with a group is most likely to gain buy-in among participants because they can identify with issues they added to the list. A survey gains participation of individuals but does not allow for the group dynamics of a brainstorming session. A letter from top management and involvement of only the supervisors result in downward communication only. 7. The mechanical advantage of a pulley is equal to the number of free cords running to the moveable pulley. In this case, the mechanical advantage is 3. Therefore, F = W/3. 8. Since both elements must function for the subsystem to function, the failure of any one element will cause the subsystem to fail (i.e., the subsystem will fail if either A or B fails). Because the failures are also mutually exclusive, the probability of failure of the subsystem is P(A) + P(B).
P(A) + P(B) = 1/10,000 + 1/10,000 = 1/5,000

X = X / n = 50.0 / 10 = 5.0 s = [ x2 / (n-1) ]1/2 = [52 / 9]1/2 = 2.4

25

9. Because the system is in the design phase and the concern is with the occurrence of one eventrupture resulting from overpressurefault tree analysis is the most appropriate of the techniques listed. 10. Metal framework or metal structures with negligible resistance to ground are acceptable, in addition to grounding electrodes. 11. Learning objectives are usually expressed so that outcomes are defined. 12. Once the need for training has been established, the training program's objectives must be defined before training staff, methods, or content can be selected or implemented. 13. Knowledge is best assessed through some type of examination for each individual, while skills can be assessed through observation methods. 14. Microsoft PowerPoint is an application for developing electronic presentations. Microsoft FrontPage and Macromedia Dreamweaver are web development tools. Microsoft Access is a database management system. 15. According to studies of risk acceptance, risks that are driven by nature are more acceptable than risks that are man-made, as are those of very low probability, those that are voluntary, or those that affect only a few people. 16. The U.S. Chamber of Commerce and its chapters promote business and focus on business issues. 17. Corel Paradox is a database management system, while the others are all spreadsheet programs. A database management system is best suited to managing a mix of data.

18. The designer of a safety information (or accident data) system should constantly be cognizant of the function (or subsequent use) that it will serve. 19. It is best to formally note the errors in a letter to the company. One can then work to determine the extent of the errors and what actions may be necessary as a result of the findings. 20. Nondiscrimination factors are included in federal and state laws. The nondiscrimination factors described in the BCSP Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct are: religion, ethnicity, gender, age, national origin, sexual orientation, and disability. 21. The best course of action is to document and report the improper use of the credential to the organization that issues the certification along with the supporting documentation so the issuing organization can take action against the offender. 22. In order to maintain the proper chain-of-command or authority chain and fulfill one's professional responsibility, it is best to contact the companys contract representative and advise him or her that immediate action was taken to prevent serious harm to the workers. By violating the chain-of-command, one may create significant liabilities for the company that best belong to the subcontractor and general contractor as part of the contract documentation. 23. The System Safety Society is a professional membership organization that holds an annual conference. The other organizations are not membership organizations. 24. Ishikawa is credited with establishing the fishbone diagram as a tool in analyzing errors and root causes for them. This cause-and-effect diagram is often used in quality management methods and is also applicable for analyzing causes of accidents and incidents.

26

THE COMPREHENSIVE PRACTICE EXAMINATION The Comprehensive Practice examination is the second of two examinations leading to the CSP credential. This examination measures an applied range of knowledge required in professional safety practice. The examination is oriented toward knowledge typical of safety professionals with several years of experience. Most items test applied knowledge that reflects academic knowledge combined with some professional experience. Items typically deal with complex problems, calculations, and situations. They are likely to focus on interpretation, decision making, and application of knowledge. Examination Blueprint The Comprehensive Practice examination consists of 200 multiple-choice items covering four major subject areas or domains. Each domain represents a major job function of safety professionals. Each examination item has one correct answer and three incorrect answers. Some items share reference to a common scenario, illustration, or data set BCSP performs periodic validation studies to determine the domains, responsibilities, knowledge, and skills exhibited by safety professionals. Surveys ask practitioners to rate domains and responsibilities for importance, time spent on them in practice, and the criticality should someone fail to know them. Analyses of survey results form the primary basis for deciding on distributions of subjects on examinations. Because surveys are conducted periodically to revalidate knowledge used in practice, the distributions on the Comprehensive Practice examination will change from time to time. Table 4 shows the distribution of items among domains for the Comprehensive Practice examination. Table 4. Item Distribution by Domains on the Comprehensive Practice Examination
Domain Domain 1 Safety, Health, and Environmental Management Domain 2 Safety, Health, and Environmental Engineering Domain 3 Safety, Health, and Environmental Information Management and Communications Domain 4 Professional Conduct and Ethics Percent of Items on Examination 34%

31%

30%

5%

References You can draw on study references in your own professional library or a company library. A list of published references providing reasonable coverage on the subject matter associated with the examination starts on page 48. BCSP updates this list periodically on the BCSP web site at www.bcsp.org. Examination items are not necessarily taken directly from these sources. You may have previous or later editions or other references in your own library or in a company library that also present coverage on the subject matter. BCSP examinations require some knowledge of U.S. laws, regulations, and standards. You should not rely on these laws, regulations, and standards as the only source of information in preparing for BCSP examinations. Professional safety practice extends beyond compliance with published standards and deals with principles and practices that form the basis of standards or are relied upon when there are no standards.

27

SAMPLE COMPREHENSIVE PRACTICE EXAMINATION ITEMS A few example items are included in this section. The items illustrate the style and format typical of items on the Comprehensive Practice examination. Examples include stand-alone items and series items.

Domain 1: Safety, Health, and Environmental Management

Responsibility 1. Design comprehensive management systems by defining requirements and developing policies, procedures, and programs to protect people, property, and the environment.

THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION IS USED FOR ITEM 1 AND ITEM 2. A company produces a hazardous product that is transported as a compressed gas. In transporting the product, the first stage is truck-highway transport. Succeeding modes may be air, marine, or rail transport. The company has its own vehicle fleet that handles about one-fourth of the shipments from the plant. 1. The company is responsible for the: 1. 2. 3. 4. Development of safe container specifications for the product and the safe transportation requirements. Safety of manufacturing, handling, and storing of the product within the facility and its safe containerization for shipment. Safety of manufacturing and handling within the facility; containerization is the responsibility of the carrier. Safe containerization for the company fleet and the carrier during the highway transport mode; other modes are the responsibility of the receiver of the product.

Responsibility 2. Implement policies, procedures, and programs through management systems to protect people, property, and the environment.

2.

With respect to containerization, the company is responsible for: 1. 2. 3. 4. Containerization in all modes: shippers and carriers have responsibility to ensure compatibility with regulations pertaining to their modes. Generating standards for containerization for the sizes of the shipments made by the company. Containerization in all modes except bulk shipments; this is the responsibility of succeeding carriers. Containerization in all surface modes; the air carriers and marine carriers are responsible for containerization in their respective modes.

28

THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION IS USED FOR ITEM 3 AND ITEM 4. A CSP is the corporate safety director for an organization with 10 manufacturing plants and is are interested in determining how well plant safety audit scores correlate with injury experience. The individual plant safety audit scores and their injury frequency rates for the year, along with their respective rankings, are tabulated in the following table.
Audit Score (X) 50 65 82 85 73 75 92 95 55 98 Rank (x) 10 8 5 4 7 6 3 2 9 1 Injury Rate (Y) 10.00 8.50 5.00 7.00 8.00 5.50 4.00 3.00 9.00 2.00 Rank (y) 10 8 4 6 7 5 3 2 9 1

Plant A B C D E F G H I J

Responsibility 3. Determine the effectiveness of management systems by measuring and evaluating performance indicators to ensure continuous improvement in the protection of people, property, and the environment.

3.

What is the Spearman rank coefficient of correlation between rankings of safety audit scores and injury rates? 1. 2. 3. 4. +0.96 +0.90 -0.90 -0.96

Responsibility 4. Implement risk management strategies by using the results of hazard identification and risk analyses to eliminate and/or reduce harmful exposures to people, property, and the environment.

4.

The coefficient of correlation is significant at the 1% level. This means that: 1. 2. 3. 4. The items measured by the audits account for 1% of the factors affecting injury rates. The coefficient of correlation has a 99% probability of resulting from chance. The coefficient of correlation is only 1% correct. The coefficient of correlation has a 1% probability of resulting from chance.

29

Responsibility 5. Apply sound business practices and economic principles for efficient use of resources to increase the value of the safety processes.

THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION IS USED FOR ITEM 5 AND ITEM 6. A manufacturer of office furniture has a history described by the following table.
Metric Actual losses (includes all actual primary losses, excess losses, ballast values, and weighting factors) Expected losses (includes all expected primary losses, excess losses, ballast values, and weighting factors) Experience modifier Workers compensation manual rate Year 1 $27,412 Year 2 $21,801 Year 3 $22,787 Year 4 $20,091 Year 5

$17,000

$17,300

$20,300

$21,500

1.06 $5.60

1.12 $6.10

1.18 $6.30

1.24 $6.40 $6.51

5.

What is the best estimate of the experience modifier for Year 5? 1. 2. 3. 4. 0.94 1.09 1.21 1.32

6.

What was the modified rate in Year 4? 1. 2. 3. 4. $5.60 $6.40 $7.17 $7.94

Responsibility 6. Encourage participation through communication and other methods to ensure that all stakeholders (e.g., employees, managers, vendors, contractors) have an understanding and an active role in the formulation and implementation of safety processes.

7.

When calculating the coefficient of correlation between facility audit scores and facility injury rates, a positive coefficient of correlation indicates that: 1. 2. 3. 4. High audit scores tend to be associated with low injury rates. High audit scores tend to be associated with high injury rates. Low audit scores tend to be associated with low injury rates. There is a high correlation between audit scores and injury rates.

30

Domain 2: Safety, Health, and Environmental Engineering

Responsibility 1. Evaluate facilities, products, systems, equipment, workstations, and processes by applying qualitative and quantitative techniques to identify the hazards and assess the associated risks.

THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION IS USED FOR ITEM 8 AND ITEM 9. Two in-running rolls without a feed table are used to form parts. Each roll is four inches in diameter with a 1/8-inch gap between them.

8.

Using the sketch above, what is the stop line distance (S) at which the opening is 3/8 of an inch? 1. 2. 3. 4. 0.125 inches 0.696 inches 0.845 inches 0.992 inches

9.

A feed table is added to facilitate handling of the stock. The top of the feed table is horizontal with the top of the lower roll. What is the stop line distance (S) in this configuration? 1. 2. 3. 4. 0.375 inches 0.696 inches 0.845 inches 0.968 inches

31

Responsibility 2. Recommend controls through design, engineering, and specification to eliminate or reduce the risks posed by safety, health, and environmental hazards.

10.

A control system contains a subsystem having fully redundant, independent elements A and B. Failures of this two-element subsystem have been found to produce a long-term average rate of one failure per 10,000 trials. What is the probability of failure of the subsystem during the next 20,000 trials? 1. 2. 3. 4. 0.370 0.500 0.865 2.00

Responsibility 3. Evaluate controls by analyzing feasibility, effectiveness, reliability, and cost to achieve the optimal solution.

11.

A company plans to retrofit a storage building with a sprinkler system because the facility will soon be storing a high density of ordinary combustibles. In conducting a feasibility study, a CSP determines that the four-inch water main in the street must be extended to the storage building. Relevant data are presented below. Storage area to be sprinkled: 200,000 square feet Area covered per sprinkler head: 125 square feet Distance from street water line to the plant: 500 feet Cost Data: $1,200 per foot to lay a four-inch water main $320 per installed sprinkler $200,000 for miscellaneous plumbing $120,000 for the control system

What is the approximate cost for this project? 1. 2. 3. 4. $510,000 $830,000 $1,100,000 $1,400,000

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Responsibility 4. Obtain compliance certifications, listings, approvals, or authorizations by identifying and meeting applicable national and international laws, regulations, and standards in order to ensure product, process, and facility safety.

12.

A solvent mixture contains, by volume, 50% Solvent A, 25% Solvent B, and 25% Solvent C. The mixture evaporates into the work atmosphere, and an air sampling has revealed a vapor concentration of 20 ppm of Solvent C. The eight-hour time-weighted average Threshold Limit Values for Solvents A, B, and C are 100 ppm, 50 ppm, and 50 ppm, respectively. Assuming that the effects are additive and that the concentrations in air are of the same proportions as in the solvent mixture, is the eight-hour time-weighted average Threshold Limit Value exceeded in the work atmosphere? 1. 2. 3. 4. No. The vapor concentration of any component does not exceed its Threshold Limit Value. Yes. The sum of the vapor concentration of the components exceeds the sum of their Threshold Limit Values. No. The sum of the fractions of the solvent components in ratio of concentration to the Threshold Limit Value is less than unity. Yes. The sum of the fractions of the solvent components in ratio of concentration to Threshold Limit Value exceeds 1.0.

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Domain 3: Safety, Health, and Environmental Information Management and Communications

Responsibility 1. Develop effective training programs by establishing learning objectives to impart knowledge and facilitate an understanding of hazards and controls.

13.

A CSP is assigned the task of defining a safety-training program for operators of a new paper converting machine that costs $12 million installed. The CSP begins by performing an analysis of all standard operations and all routine maintenance tasks. The analysis includes identification of hazards of each task and the knowledge and skills required to perform the tasks safely. This information will form the basis for the training program. This process is an example of: 1. 2. 3. 4. Validity. Reliability. Liability. Feasibility.

Responsibility 2. Deliver effective training programs by using media and methods appropriate to the audience to maximize understanding of the subject matter.

14.

A CSP is planning a training program for department managers and work group leaders. The goal for the program is to improve the safety culture of the organization rather than to learn specific safety procedures. Which combination of group training methods is best suited for meeting this goal? 1. 2. 3. 4. Conference method, case studies, and role-playing Brainstorming, computer-based training, and simulation Lecture, conference method, and demonstrations Questions and answers, case studies, and independent study

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Responsibility 3. Evaluate training programs through performance assessments and various forms of feedback in order to assure that training is effective.

15.

A CSP is designing a training program on office workstation ergonomics for use throughout a company. As a capstone for the program, participants will complete a quiz to demonstrate understanding. The overall score on the quiz from participants will be aggregated by organizational unit and will form the basis for a reward program to ensure participation as well as comprehension. While piloting the program, the CSP performs an analysis on the quiz and the multiple-choice items it contains to ensure that the quiz performs effectively. One of the quiz items has the performance data described below. Point biserial (discrimination) statistic: 0.35 Percent of students choosing answer "A": 61% Percent of students choosing answer "B": 13% Percent of students choosing answer "C": 17% Percent of students choosing answer "D": 9% The correct answer for this item: "A"

The best conclusion one may draw from these data is that the: 1. 2. 3. 4. Quiz item is too difficult and should be replaced with a different item. Examinees appear to be guessing at the correct answer. Students who score well overall on the quiz get this quiz item wrong. Quiz item contributes well to the overall performance of the quiz.

Responsibility 4. Present technical information, both verbally and in writing, to effectively communicate with employees, management, customers, contractors, public relations officials, vendors, and the public.

16.

A company experienced a fire that created local interest. A local reporter calls the company's safety office to obtain information for a newspaper article. The best course of action for the safety office staff member taking the call is to: 1. 2. 3. 4. Agree to be interviewed as long as the safety office staff member can remain anonymous. Offer to fax the reporter a statement the company has already released. Refer the caller to the company's public relations department. Refer the caller to the local fire department.

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Responsibility 5. Communicate hazards, risks, and control measures to employees, management, customers, contractors, vendors, and the public by preparing and delivering appropriate information to educate an organization or the community.

THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION IS USED FOR ITEM 17 AND ITEM 18. A product safety manager has conducted an analysis of a new consumer product to be marketed by the company. The analysis revealed conditions that may result in a fatal accident if the product is used under certain situations. To evaluate several methods of controlling the hazard, the product safety manager developed the following fault tree analysis.

The probabilities of occurrence for events X1, X2, X3, and X4 are shown below. 17. X1 = 0.0025 X2 = 0.050 X3 = 0.0050 X4 = 0.00050

What is the calculated probability of occurrence of the fatal accident? 1. 2. 3. 4. 1.2 x 10-4 1.3 x 10-6 6.9 x 10-6 3.1 x 10-10

18.

One of the alternative methods of controlling the hazardous conditions is the installation of a device that will reduce the probability of event X2 to 0.0025. With this device installed, what is the revised calculated probability of the fatal accident? 1. 2. 3. 4. 1.9 x 10-5 6.2 x 10-6 4.7 x 10-8 1.6 x 10-11

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Responsibility 6. Develop ongoing relationships with the community by interacting with outside organizations to foster a mutual understanding of the profession and community with regard to safety issues.

19.

Which is the most important element in a mutual aid agreement with a local fire department? 1. 2. 3. 4. How the command structure will work when the municipal units arrive on the plant site Establishing the communication protocols and equipment How liability and costs will be managed and allocated When aid from the municipality will be requested and dispatched

Responsibility 7. Maintain a recordkeeping and data capture and retrieval system by using appropriate data management systems to acquire, analyze, and distribute accurate data.

20.

A CSP plans to connect a sound level meter to a laptop computer in order to map noise levels in a production facility. The sound level meter requires an RS-232C connection. On a laptop computer, this connection is also known as a: 1. 2. 3. 4. Serial port. Parallel port. USB port. Game port.

Responsibility 8. Develop and maintain proficiency in professional communication through continuing personal education in the use of business technology.

21.

In order to improve management of an organization's accident and incident recordkeeping system, a CSP plans to have all locations send original reports and associated documents to one central office. The documents (reports, photos, notes, correspondence, etc.) will be scanned, and the images will be combined with the normal database records for each case. The software and hardware systems for handling image capture and management and the relationships to database systems are referred to as: 1. 2. 3. 4. Image management technology. DVD management technology. Document management technology. Graphics management technology.

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Domain 4: Professional Conduct and Ethics

Responsibility 1. Hold paramount the protection of people, property, and the environment by persistently working with management and governmental agencies until the identified hazard has been eliminated or minimized.

22.

The BCSP Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct requires CSPs to be impartial. An employee brings a safety violation to a CSP's attention that is likely to cause the employees supervisor to face disciplinary action and the possible loss of his job. In applying the impartiality principle, the CSP should: 1. 2. 3. 4. Meet with the employees supervisor to verify the report. Meet with the CSP's supervisor to establish what procedures will be used in following up on the report. File a complaint about the employee and the supervisor with the Human Relations Department because of the safety violation. Verify whether there is a safety violation.

Responsibility 2. Adhere to standards of professional conduct by limiting practice to areas of competence and avoiding conflicts of interest to minimize the potential for harm.

23.

An attorney asks a CSP to provide expert witness testimony in a lawsuit brought by a current employee of the CSP's employer. The current employee is suing her former employer. The CSP's employer operates a joint venture with the employee's former employer. The CSP has the expertise that the attorney is seeking, which would show that the other company permitted its former employee to be exposed to higher-than-permitted levels of airborne hazardous materials. In responding to the attorney, the CSP should: 1. 2. 3. 4. Decline to testify in the case. Take on the case but do not charge a fee. Take on the case but refuse to testify in court. Decline to testify about the employee's former employer, but testify about the exposure levels.

Responsibility 3. Accept responsibility to promote safety by providing technical counsel and advice on issues related to the safety profession to protect people, property, and the environment.

24.

A CSP's neighbor is planning to construct a patio and walkway in his back yard. While discussing the design with him, a CSP makes recommendations that draw on the CSP's experience and knowledge as a safety professional. Two years after the project is completed, someone slips on the patio in the presence of the CSP and is injured. Which statement is true? 1. 2. 3. 4. The CSP cannot be successfully sued because the fall occurred on the neighbors property. The CSP can be successfully sued under professional liability because the CSP provided design advise. The CSP cannot be successfully sued because there was negligence on the part of the injured party. The CSP can be successfully sued because the CSP present when the fall occurred.

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Responsibility 4. Conduct professional activities by following organizational protocol to assist in making positive, balanced, and effective decisions.

25.

Construction sites frequently have multiple companies working concurrently on a single work site, each with the responsibility for ensuring the safety of their employees. Which is the first step for ensuring that owners, prime contractors, and subcontractors work together to achieve a safe work site? 1. 2. 3. 4. Hold planning meetings with all parties involved in each phase of the work in order to go over safety requirements. Review all contracts to ensure that safety responsibilities are clearly identified. Inspect the work, work areas and equipment of all parties on a regular basis. Hold each contractor or subcontractor responsible for the daily activities of its workers.

Responsibility 5. Improve technical competency through continuing professional and self-development in order to increase knowledge and skills.

26.

Under the BCSP Continuance of Certification program, how many points must a person holding the CSP achieve through various activities every five years? 1. 2. 3. 4. 25 30 35 50

Responsibility 6. Foster accurate accountability for injuries/illnesses and other types of occurrences by identifying root and contributing causes in order to assure that proper controls are implemented.

27.

An employee fell from a broken ladder and sustained a fractured arm. In evaluating the management system in place when the accident occurred, which is considered a root cause? 1. 2. 3. 4. The ladder had a broken rung. The ladder's repair log was not attached to the ladder. The employee was not trained in ladder use and how to recognize unsafe ladder conditions. The maintenance employee did not inspect the ladder before issuing the ladder to the employee.

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ANSWERS TO SAMPLE COMPREHENSIVE PRACTICE EXAMINATION ITEMS

Item No. 1 2 3 4 Correct Answer 2 1 1 4 Item No. 5 6 7 8 Correct Answer 4 4 1 2 Item No. 9 10 11 12 Correct Answer 4 3 4 4 Item No. 13 14 15 16 Correct Answer 1 1 4 3 Item No. 17 18 19 20 Correct Answer 1 2 4 1 Item No. 21 22 23 24 Correct Answer 3 2 1 2 Item No. 25 26 27 Correct Answer 2 1 3

SOLUTIONS TO SAMPLE COMPREHENSIVE PRACTICE EXAMINATION ITEMS 1. Safe containerization is a responsibility of the manufacturer as well as the control of in-plant hazards. 2. Safe containerization is the manufacturer's responsibility, regardless of mode of transport. 3. For ranked data, the Spearman rank order coefficient of correlation (D) may be used. D = (1 - 6D2) / [N (N2 - 1)] where D is the difference between the two ranks given for each facility, and N is the number of facilities. x 10 8 5 4 7 6 3 2 9 1 y 10 8 4 6 7 5 3 2 9 1 D 0 0 1 -2 0 1 0 0 0 0 D2 0 0 1 4 0 1 0 0 0 0 D 2 = 6 5. The experience modifier can be estimated by dividing the total actual losses (incorporating all actual primary losses, excess losses, ballast values, and weighting factors) by the total expected losses (incorporating all actual expected losses, excess losses, ballast values, and weighting factors) incurred over the three-year period ending one year before the policy would take effect (i.e., Year 1, Year 2, and Year 3). Experience modifier = Actual/Expected Experience modifier = ($27,412 + $21,801 + $22,787) /($17,000 + $17,300 + $20,300) = ($72,000 / ($54,600) = 1.319 1.32 = = = = = = = = = = 6. Modified rate = Manual rate x Experience modifier Modified rate = $6.40 x 1.24 = $7.936 $7.94 7. Rankings may be assigned such that the highest audit score receives a "1," and the lowest score receives a "10." Likewise, the lowest injury rate receives a "1," and the highest rate receives a "10." A positive coefficient of correlation means a positive relationship between the two sets of ranked data. A negative coefficient means a negative relationship. When setting up a ranking scheme, ensure that the "best" score is the same for the two variables.

D = [1 - 6(6)] / [10 (102 - 1)] D = 1 - 36 / 990 = 0.964 4. The expression "significant at the 1% level" expresses the probability of chance results.

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8. The stop line distance can be determined using the sketch below.

12. For a mixture, assuming additive effects, the sum of the concentrations divided by the Threshold Limit Values for each component of the mixture must not exceed unity (1.0). C1 / T1 + C2 / T2 + ... + Cn / Tn < 1.0 Assuming proportionate evaporation, if solvent C = 20 ppm and is 25% of the mixture, then A = [(0.50 / 0.25) (20 ppm)] A = 40 ppm B = [(0.25 / 0.25) (20 ppm)] B = 20 ppm 40 ppm / 100 ppm + 20 ppm / 50 ppm + 20 ppm / 50 ppm = 1.2 1.2 exceeds 1.0; therefore the limit has been exceeded.

The right triangle formed in this sketch has one side 1 7/8 inches long and a hypotenuse of 2 inches. Using the Pythagorean theorem (h2 = a2 + b2), a = [h2 - b2]1/2 = [(2)2 - (1.875)2]1/2 a = [4 - 3.516]1/2 = [0.484]1/2 = 0.696 inches This problem can also be solved trigonometrically. 9. The guard configuration should be sketched as in Item 8, adding the feed table. In this case, side "b" is 1.75 inches and "h" is again 2 inches. a = [(2)2 - (1.75)2]1/2 = [4 - 3.062]1/2 a = [0.938]1/2 = 0.968 inches 10. From the exponential density function, reliability is R(t) = e-t = 1/ = mean time between failures = trials / failures = 10,000/1 R(t) = e - (20,000/10,000) = 0.135 Probability of failure = Pf = 1 - R(t) = 0.865 11. Cost of water main = 500 feet x $1,200/foot = $600,000 Cost of sprinkler installation = 200,000 square feet/125 square feet x $320 = $512,000 Total cost = $600,000 + $512,000 + $200,000 + $120,000 = $1,432,000

13. The validation process is making sure that content for the training reflects what people must do to ensure safety. 14. Conference method, case studies, and role-playing are all group methods for training. Each of the other choices contains at least one method that is suited to technical or skill training. 15. The point biserial score indicates that the item contributes reasonably to the overall outcome of the quiz and that those who score well tend to get the item correct. The fact that most people select the correct answer indicates that the training information is getting across. 16. It is best to let the office that speaks for the company arrange for and monitor any interviews. 17. The top event is represented by B2 A1. B2 = X1 X2 and A1 = X2 + A2 + X3. A2 = X1 X4. The calculated probability of occurrence of the fatal accident (top event) is therefore {(X1 X2) [X2 + (X1 X4) + X3]} = [(X1 X2 X2) + (X1 X2 X1 X4) + (X1 X2 X3)]. This simplifies to [(X1 X2) + (X1 X2 X4) + (X1 X2 X3)]. This further simplifies to [(X1 X2)(1 + X4+ X3)]. This yields a minimum cut set of (X1 X2). Thus, the probability of the fatal accident (top event) is 0.0025 x 0.050 = 0.000125 1.2 x 10-4.

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18. The top event is represented by B2 A1. B2 = X1 X2 and A1 = X2 + A2 + X3. A2 = X1 X4. The calculated probability of occurrence of the fatal accident (top event) is therefore {(X1 X2) [X2 + (X1 X4) + X3]} = [(X1 X2 X2) + (X1 X2 X1 X4) + (X1 X2 X3)]. This simplifies to [(X1 X2) + (X1 X2 X4) + (X1 X2 X3)]. This further simplifies to [(X1 X2)(1 + X4+ X3)]. This yields a minimum cut set of (X1 X2). Thus, the probability of the fatal accident (top event) is 0.0025 x 0.0025 = 0.00000625 6.2 x 10-6. 19. The key starting point is defining when assistance from the municipal fire department will be required. The other factors are also important but are considered implementation details. 20. The serial port on a workstation or laptop computer is typically an RS-232C connector. 21. The combination of technologies for electronic filing and management of document images is usually called document management. 22. Because of the nature of the charge brought by the employee, it would be best to establish a precise approach for following up on the claim before taking any action.

23. The best approach would be for the CSP to decline to testify in the case because each of the other options may have direct, or the appearance of, conflicts of interest. 24. Giving advice, even casually, that is based on professional expertise can make one professionally liable. 25. In order to ensure that safety responsibilities are clearly established, the contract for each company must define those responsibilities. Other factors help ensure that the responsibility is implemented effectively. 26. Those holding the CSP credential must achieve 25 Continuance of Certification points during every fiveyear cycle. 27. The lack of training is a root cause because the lack of training is a management system deficiency that directly led to the causal factor of the employee falling from a broken ladder.

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PREPARING FOR BCSP EXAMINATIONS You may use various approaches to prepare for BCSP examinations: Perform individual study. Participate in informal study groups. Attend formal review courses. Complete practice examinations. subject. If you are likely to get few items correct for another subject, you have a larger number of chances to gain points by studying that subject. Convert your subject strengths and weaknesses into a study plan that is likely to increase your overall examination score. You will want to refresh your knowledge in all subjects. It is also a good idea to study subjects that offer the greatest opportunity to increase your overall score. Make a chart of subjects. List for yourself how you will prepare for each subject. You may want to identify study hours for each, create a study schedule, or even chart out how you plan to prepare for each subject (reading, practicing working calculations, study group, refresher course, etc.). A list of published references providing reasonable coverage on the subject matter associated with BCSP examinations starts on page 48. Note that knowledge and understanding are essential in passing the examinations. Relying only on simulated examination items is not the best way to increase knowledge and understanding that form the foundation for examination items. Use simulated items to provide insight into the areas in which you should engage in additional study. Developing a Test-taking Strategy Knowing how to take examinations will help improve your score. BCSP examinations use multiple-choice items. Each item has one correct answer and three incorrect answers. Remember, the goal is to get as many items correct as possible. There is no penalty on BCSP examinations for incorrect answers. Only correct answers count toward reaching the passing score. All scored items have the same value. Understand item construction. A four-choice, objectively scored examination item contains an item stem and four possible answers. The premise, or lead-in statement or question, is called the stem. One of the choices is correct, and three are not. When several items share or refer to a common set of data or background information, the group of items is called a series. The shared background information or data is called a scenario.

Some keys to success include: Knowing your strengths and weaknesses. Having an examination preparation plan. Developing a test-taking strategy. Understanding how to use your calculator.

Knowing Your Strengths and Weaknesses A self-evaluation will help you determine how well you know various subjects included on BCSP examinations. Simply rate yourself on each major and minor subject area included on the examination for which you are preparing. Focus especially on the knowledge and skill statements. The safety discipline requires knowledge in many different subjects. A rating form to help you evaluate your knowledge appears later in this section. Also refer to the detailed examination blueprints on pages 8 through 15. Having an Examination Preparation Plan You can use your ratings to help establish a study plan. The examination blueprint shows how the items on an examination are distributed across domains and responsibilities. While the exact number of items devoted to each responsibility may vary on an actual examination, one can estimate about how many items may be devoted to each particular subject by assuming a uniform distribution within a domain. The total number of scored items that you get correct on a BCSP examination determines whether you pass. The goal is to get enough scored items correct to pass the examination. Scoring well in one subject area can compensate for a weaker score in another subject area. However, there may not be enough items in your strong areas to achieve a passing score. You will have to get items correct in your moderate and weak areas to pass. Use this information to form a preparation strategy. If you know a subject well and are likely to get most items for that subject correct on the examination, you have few additional opportunities to increase your score within that

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Guess intelligently. If you do not know the answer to an item or are not sure about it, you should guess intelligently. Look for choices that you know are incorrect or do not appear as plausible as others. Choose your answer from among the remaining choices. This increases your chance of selecting a correct answer. Read the items carefully. Read each item carefully. Consider the item from the viewpoint of an examination item writer. Look for the item focus. Each item evaluates some subject or kernel of knowledge. Try to identify what knowledge the item is trying to test. Avoid reading things into an item. The item can only test on the information actually included. Recognize that the stems for some items may include information that is not needed for correctly answering them. Consider the context. Often an item is framed around a particular industry or situation. Even if you do not work in that industry or have not experienced a particular situation, the item may be testing knowledge that you have. Avoid dismissing an item because of the context. Use examination time wisely. When taking your examination, complete those items first that you know or can answer quickly. Then go back to items that were difficult for you or required considerable time to read, analyze, or compute. This approach allows you to build your score as quickly as possible. You may want to go back over skipped or marked items several times. Complete skipped items. After you have gone through the examination once or if you are running out of time, look for items that you have not answered. Select an answer for any skipped or incomplete item. By chance alone, you can get one of every four correct. There is no penalty for wrong answers. Go back to troublesome items. It is a good idea to mark items that you are not sure about or items that are difficult for you. After you have worked through the entire examination, go back to marked items. Reread the items and study the choices again. You may recall some knowledge or information that you had not considered earlier and be able to answer the item correctly. You may also be able to eliminate a choice that is not correct and increase your chance of guessing the correct answer. Understanding How to Use Your Calculator Some items on BCSP examinations require computations to obtain the correct answer. You must bring your own calculator(s), and your calculator(s) must comply with the BCSP calculator rules (page 6). Make sure you know how

to use your calculator since you could waste valuable time trying to understand how to use your calculator once your examination clock starts. You could also make computational errors if you have not practiced using your calculator. It is a good idea to practice working solutions to computational problems to be able to recall the correct calculator procedures. CSP Self-assessment Examinations BCSP publishes self-assessment examinations for the Safety Fundamentals and Comprehensive Practice examinations. Many candidates find them helpful in examination preparation. They can help diagnose how well you know the body of knowledge and help refresh testtaking skills. To order self-assessment examinations, please complete the order form at the end this section. You can also order self-assessment examinations on the BCSP web site at www.bcsp.org. The self-assessment examinations are 60% of the length of a full examination. These examinations contain items that have been retired from past editions of examinations. The examination booklets include scoring sheets and a chart of correct answers. They include solutions to computational items and explanations for correct answers for other items, along with detailed references.

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BCSP SELF-ASSESSMENT EXAMINATION ORDER FORM Quantity: Safety Fundamentals Comprehensive Practice Total number of copies ______ ______ ______ @ $95.00 each Total order: $ __________ Illinois residents add 6.5% sales tax ($6.18) per copy: $ __________ Total payment enclosed/charged: $ __________ Ship to: Name (print) Address City ZIP Code/Postal Code Phone Payment method: Personal check Money order Company check Credit/debit card Country State

(Checks and money orders must be payable in U.S. dollars and made payable to the Board of Certified Safety Professionals. Foreign checks must be drawn on a U.S. bank. Purchase orders are not accepted.)

American Express Discover/Novus Credit/debit card number Signature Name as appearing on card

MasterCard Visa Expiration date

Mail, phone, or fax your orders to: Self-assessment Examination Orders Board of Certified Safety Professionals 208 Burwash Avenue Savoy, IL 61874-9571 Phone: Fax: 217-359-9263 217-359-0055
Fax and phone orders must use a credit or debit card.

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Other Review and Study Sources A number of professional membership organizations, trade organizations, universities, and private companies offer study courses, software, and materials to assist candidates with preparing for BCSP examinations. Because candidates for BCSP examinations often ask where to locate review courses and materials, the list on the following page is provided as a courtesy. It does not include all providers nor is it updated regularly. Other than materials copyrighted and/or published by BCSP (e.g., CSP Examination Guide, self-assessment examinations, CSP Application Guide), BCSP does not have any involvement in the development, content, or distribution of any courses or materials associated with preparing for BCSP certification examinations. BCSP does not endorse any of the providers listed on the next page, nor does BCSP evaluate the providers or the providers materials for consistency with BCSP examination blueprints. Contact the sources directly about materials, course schedules, fees, or matters related to satisfaction with their products or services.

Examination Security A key to a successful and respected certification program is examination security. Without it, a program has little value. BCSP relies on the ethical behavior of candidates and certificants to maintain the security of BCSP examinations. Besides the examination information presented in the CSP Application Guide and in the self-assessment examinations, the only information BCSP provides about the content of BCSP examinations is the detailed examination blueprints (pages 8 through 15) and the other material contained in this document. The examination blueprints, CSP Application Guide, self-assessment examinations, and the CSP Examination Guide are available to anyone. When those who hold the CSP credential or those who are pursuing the CSP credential reveal information about the content of BCSP examinations (other than that which is described in documents published by BCSP), they violate the agreement all candidates accept when they apply for certification and when they take an examination. Applicants, examination candidates, or certificants who reveal confidential information about the content of BCSP examinations through any means also violate the BCSP Bylaws and the BCSP Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct. BCSP has taken action and will continue to take action against individuals who violate this trust. Penalties include permanently barring individuals from pursuing the CSP credential and revoking the certificates of those holding the it, in addition to other legal remedies. In addition, BCSP will pursue legal action against organizations or individuals not seeking certification who reveal information about the content of BCSP examinations (other than that which is described in documents published by BCSP).

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Review and Study Sources C = Course G = Guide S = Software

American Industrial Hygiene Association ...................................................................................... C 2700 Prosperity Avenue, Suite 250, Fairfax, VA 22031-4307 703-849-8888; www.aiha.org American Society of Safety Engineers ....................................................................................... C, G 1800 East Oakton Street, Des Plaines, IL 60018 847-699-2929; www.asse.org Bowen EHS, Inc. ............................................................................................................................... C 2010 Lost Lane, Raleigh, NC 27603 919-647-4439; www.bowenehs.com Datachem Software, Inc. ...................................................................................................................S 69 Milk Street, Suite 300, Westborough, MA 01581 800-377-9717; www.CertiStep.com Deep South Center for Occupational Health and Safety............................................................... C University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1530 3rd Avenue SouthVH Box 301, Birmingham, AL 35294-0019 205-934-7178; www.uab.edu/dsc Langlois, Weigand & Associates, Inc. ............................................................................................. C 3933 Overlook Point Court, Baton Rouge, LA 70817-1619 225-755-4099 North Carolina Educational Resource Center ............................................................................... C P.O. Box 16248, Chapel Hill, NC 27516-6248 888-235-3320; www.sph.unc.edu/osherc Rocky Mountain Center for Occupational and Environmental Health....................................... C University of Utah, 391 Chipeta Way, Suite C, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 801-581-4055; www.rmcoeh.utah.edu Span International Training ...................................................................................................C, G, S 4226 Greenbriar Drive, Nixa, MO 65714 888-589-6757; www.spantraining.com University of Cincinnati ................................................................................................................... C Continuing Medical Education, P.O. Box 670567, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0567 800-207-9399; www.cme.uc.edu Utah Safety Council.......................................................................................................................... C 5263 South 300 West, Suite 201, Salt Lake City, UT 84107 801-262-5400 ext. 304; www.utahsafetycouncil.org

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PUBLISHED REFERENCES PRESENTING COVERAGE OF SUBJECT MATTER ASSOCIATED WITH BCSP EXAMINATION BLUEPRINTS You should also draw on study references in your own library or a company library. These published references provide reasonable coverage on the subject matter associated with BCSP examination blueprints. Examination items are not necessarily taken directly from these sources. You may have previous or later editions or other references in your own library or in a company library that also present acceptable coverage on the subject matter.
Domains Covered by Reference Reference Name Ahuja, Hira N., Project Management, 2nd Edition, John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY 1994. ABS Consulting, Root Cause Analysis Handbook, Government Institutes, Rockville, MD, 1999. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, Cincinnati, OH. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, Industrial Ventilation, 24th Edition, Cincinnati, OH, 2001. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs), Cincinnati, OH. American Industrial Hygiene Association, Emergency Response Planning Guidelines and Workplace Environmental Exposure Level Guidelines Handbook, AIHA Press, Fairfax, VA, 2000. American Institute of Steel Construction, Manual for Steel Construction, 9th Edition, Chicago, IL, 1989. ASME International, Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, New York, NY. Basic textbooks in mathematics, chemistry, physics, statistics, psychology, biological sciences, communications, training and business. Bass, Lewis, Products Liability, Design and Manufacturing Defects, West Publishing Group, St. Paul, MN, 2000. Berger, E. H., Ward, W.D., Morrill, J. C., and Royster, L.H. (editors), Noise and Hearing Conservation Manual, 4th Edition, American Industrial Hygiene Association, Fairfax, VA, 1986. Bittle, Lester and Ramsey, Jackson (editors), Handbook for Professional Managers, McGraw-Hill, New York, NY, 1985. Board of Certified Safety Professionals, Continuance of Certification Guide, Savoy, IL. Board of Certified Safety Professionals, CSP Candidate Handbook, Savoy, IL. Bowditch, James L. and Buono, Anthony F., Primer on Organizational Behavior, 3rd Edition, John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY, 1994. Brauer, Roger L., Safety and Health for Engineers, John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY, 1990. Brown, David B., System Analysis and Design for Safety, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1976. Center for Chemical Process Safety, Guidelines for Hazard Evaluation Procedures, 2 Edition, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, New York, NY, 1992.
nd

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Domains Covered by Reference Reference Name Christensen, Wayne C., and Manuele, Fred A., Safety Through Design, National Safety Council, Itasca, IL, 1999. Clayman, Charles B., M.D. (editor), American Medical Association Encyclopedia of Medicine, Random House, New York, NY, 1989. Clayton, George D., and Florence E., Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, 4th Edition, Part A., John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY, 1991. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 29 (Labor), Part 1902. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 29 (Labor), Part 1903. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 29 (Labor), Part 1904. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 29 (Labor), Part 1910. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 29 (Labor), Part 1926. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 40 (Protection of Environment). Code of Federal Regulations, Title 45 (Public Welfare). Code of Federal Regulations, Title 49 (Transportation). Consumer Product Safety Act, PL92-573. Cote, Arthur (editor), Fire Protection Handbook, 19th Edition, National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, MA, 2003. Crowl, Daniel A., and Louvar, Joseph F., Chemical Process Safety, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1990. Daft, Richard L., Organization Theory and Design, 5th Edition, West Publishing, St. Paul, MN, 1995. Denton, D. Keith, Safety Management Improving Performance, McGraw-Hill, New York, NY, 1982. DiBerardinis, Louis J. (editor), Handbook of Occupational Safety and Health, 2 Edition, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1998. Di Nardi, Salvatore (editor), The Occupational Environment: Evaluation and Control, 2nd Edition, AIHA Press, Fairfax, VA, 2003. Donnelly, James H. Jr., Gibson, James H., and Ivancevich, John M., Fundamentals of Management, 6th Edition, Business Publications, Plano, TX, 1987. Ellis, J. N., Introduction to Fall Protection, 3rd Edition, American Society of Safety Engineers, Des Plaines, IL, 2001. Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act of 1986 (EPCRA) Title III of Superfund Amendments and Re-authorization Act, PL 99-499. Ergonomics Design Guidelines, Auburn Engineers, Inc., Auburn, AL, 1997. Finucane, William, Definitions, Conversions and Calculations for Occupational Safety and Health Professionals, 2nd Edition, CRC Press/Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL, 1998.
nd

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Domains Covered by Reference Reference Name Furnham, Adrian, The Psychology of Behaviour at Work, Psychology Press, Hove East Sussex, United Kingdom, 1997. Geller, E. Scott, The Psychology of Safety Handbook, CRC Press/Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL, 2001. Government Institutes, Inc., Environmental Statutes, Rockville, MD, 1997. Griffin, R. D., Principles of Hazardous Materials Management, CRC Press/Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL, 1988. Grimaldi, John V., and Simonds, Rollin H., Safety Management, 5th Edition, Irwin, Homewood, IL, 1989. Hammer, Willie, Handbook of System and Product Safety, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1972. Hammer, Willie, Occupational Safety Management and Engineering, 4th Edition, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1989. Hammer, Willie, Product Safety Management and Engineering, 2nd Edition, American Society of Safety Engineers, Des Plaines, IL, 1993. Hill, Darryl C. (editor), Construction Safety Management and Engineering, American Society of Safety Engineers, Des Plaines, IL, 2004. Hilyer, Barbara M., Veasey, D. Alan, Oldfield, Kenneth W., and McCormick, Lisa C., Effective Safety and Health Training, Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL, 2000. Ireson, W. Grant, and Grant, Eugene L. (editors), Handbook of Industrial Engineering and Management, 2nd Edition, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1971. Kaletsky, Rick, OSHA Inspections, McGraw-Hill, New York, NY 1996. Kim, Unhee, Environmental and Safety Auditing, Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL, 1997. Keyton, Jo Ann, Group Communication Process and Analysis, Mayfield Publishing, Mountain View, CA, 1999. Klaassen, Curtis D. (editor), Casarett and Doull's Toxicology, 5th Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York, NY, 1996. Koren, Herman, Handbook of Environmental Health and Safety, Volume I, 2nd Edition, Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL, 2000. Koren, Herman, Handbook of Environmental Health and Safety, Volume II, 2nd Edition, Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL, 2000. Krause, Thomas R., The Behavior-Based Safety Process, 2nd Edition, Van Nostrand and Reinhold, New York, NY, 1997. Lack, Richard W. (editor), Safety and Health Management, Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL, 1996. Leveson, Nancy G., Safeware, Addison-Wesley Publishing, Reading, MA, 1995. 1 2 3 4

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Domains Covered by Reference Reference Name MacCollum, David V., Crane Hazards and Their Prevention, American Society of Safety Engineers, Des Plaines, IL, 1993. Manahan, Stanley E., Environmental Chemistry, 6th Edition, Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL, 1994. Manuele, Fred A., On the Practice of Safety, 3rd Edition, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken, NJ, 2003. Marshall, Gilbert, Safety Engineering, 3rd Edition, American Society of Safety Engineers, Des Plaines, IL, 2000. Molak, Vlasta (editor), Fundamentals of Risk Analysis and Risk Management, Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL, 1997. National Council on Compensation Insurance, ABCs of Revised Experience Rating, Boca Raton, FL, 1993. National Fire Protection Association, National Fire Codes, Quincy, MA. National Safety Council, Accident Prevention Manual for Business and Industry, Administration and Programs, 12th Edition, Itasca, IL, 2001. National Safety Council, Accident Prevention Manual for Business and Industry, Engineering and Technology, 12th Edition, Itasca, IL, 2001. National Safety Council, Accident Prevention Manual for Business and Industry, Environmental Management, 2nd Edition, Itasca, IL, 2000. National Safety Council, Supervisor's Safety Manual, 9th Edition, Itasca, IL, 1997. Newman, Donald G. (editor), Engineering Economic Analysis Exam File, Engineering Press, San Jose, CA, 1991. Newton, Harry, Newton's Telecom Dictionary, 16th Edition, CMP Books, New York, NY, 2000. Occupational Safety and Health Act, PL91-596. Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission, Effect of Contest on Abatement, Commerce Clearing House, Chicago, IL, 1996. O'Hair, Dan, Friedrich, Gustav W., and Shaver, Lynda Dixon, Strategic Communication in Business and the Professions, 3rd Edition, Houghton Mifflin, Boston, MA, 1998. Noe, Raymond A., Employee Training and Development, McGraw-Hill, New York, NY, 1998. Ostwald, Phillip F., and Munoz, Jairo, Manufacturing Processes and Systems, 9th Edition, John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY, 1997. Ott, L., An Introduction to Statistical Methods and Data Analysis, 2nd Edition, Duxbury Press, Boston, MA, 1984. Perkins, Jimmy L., Modern Industrial Hygiene, Volume 1, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, NY, 1997. Petersen, Dan, Safety by Objectives, 2nd Edition, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, NY, 1996. 1 2 3 4

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Domains Covered by Reference Reference Name Petersen, Dan, Safety ManagementA Human Approach, 3rd Edition, American Society of Safety Engineers, Des Plaines, IL, 2001. Petersen, Dan, Techniques of Safety Management, 2nd Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York, NY, 1978. Pierce, F. David, Total Quality for Safety and Health Professionals, Government Institutes, Rockville, MD, 1995. Plog, Barbara (editor), Fundamentals of Industrial Hygiene, 5th Edition, National Safety Council, Itasca, IL, 2002. Pulat, B. M., and Alexander, D. C., Industrial Ergonomics: Case Studies, McGraw-Hill, Highstown, NJ, 1991. Raheja, Dev G., Assurance Technologies, McGraw Hill, New York, NY, 1991. Raouf, A., and Dhillon, B. S., Safety Assessment: A Quantitative Approach, CRC Press/Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL, 1994. Robbins, Stephen P., Essentials of Organization Behavior, 4th Edition, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1994. Roland, H. E., and Moriarty, B., System Safety Engineering and Management, 2nd Edition, John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY, 1990. Rossnagel, W. E., Higgins, L. R., and MacDonald, J. A., Handbook of Rigging, 4th Edition, McGrawHill Book Co., Highstown, NJ, 1993. Roughton, Jane, and Whiting, Nancy, Safety Training Basics, ABS Consulting/Government Institutes, Rockville, MD, 2000. Saccaro, Joseph A., Developing Safety Training Programs, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, NY, 1994. Sanders, M. S., and McCormick, E. J., Human Factors in Engineering and Design, 7th Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York, NY, 1993. Scott, Ronald M., Introduction to Industrial Hygiene, CRC Press/Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL, 1995. Shrock, Sharon, and Coscelli, William, Criterion-Reference Test Development, 2nd Edition, International Society for Performance Improvement, Washington DC, 2000. Slote, Lawrence, Handbook of Occupational Safety and Health, John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY, 1987. Society of Fire Protection Engineers, Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering, 3rd Edition, National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, MA, 2002. Spiegel, Murray R., Statistics, 2nd Edition, Schaum's Outline Series, McGraw-Hill, New York, NY, 1988. Stanek, William R., Web Publishing, Sams Publishing, Indianapolis, IN, 1997. Stephans, Richard A., and Talso, Warner W. (editors), System Safety Analysis Handbook, 2nd Edition, New Mexico Section, System Safety Society, Albuquerque, NM, 1997. 1 2 3 4

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Domains Covered by Reference Reference Name Stephens, Ryan K., and Plew, Ronald R., Database Design, Sams Publishing, Indianapolis, IN, 2001. Stephenson, Joe, System Safety 2000, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1991. Stierman, John P., Joswich, Kathleen E., Stierman, Jeanne Koekkoeh, and Sharpe, Roderick L., Professional Ethics and Insignia, 2nd Edition, Scarecrow Press, Lanham, MD, 2000. Swartz, George (editor), Safety Culture and Effective Safety Management, National Safety Council, Itasca, IL, 2000. Tapley, B. (editor), Eshback's Handbook of Engineering Fundamentals, 4th Edition, John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY, 1990. Thamhain, H. J., Engineering Management, John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY, 1992. U.S. Department of Defense, Military Standard, System Safety Program Requirements, MIL-STD 882C, 1987. U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, OSHA Instruction TED 3.5, 2002. U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, OSHA Instruction TED 8.1a, 1996. Vincoli, Jeffrey, Basic Guide to System Safety, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, NY, 1993. Vincoli, Jeffrey W., Risk Management for Hazardous Chemicals, Volumes I and II, Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL, 1997. Wagner, Bill, and Negus, Chris, The Complete Idiot's Guide to Networking, 2nd Edition, Que Corporation, Indianapolis, IN, 1999. Waite, D. A., Heartz, W. T., and McCormack, W. D., Integrated Performance Assurance, Quality Resources, New York, NY, 1999. Weinstein, Michael B., Total Quality Safety Management and Auditing, Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL, 1997. Wogalter, Michael S., DeJoy, David M., and Laughery, Kenneth R. (editors), Warnings and Risk Communication, Taylor and Francis, Philadelphia, PA, 1999. Young, Glenn, Background Math for the Board of Certified Safety Professionals' Safety Certification Examinations, American Society of Safety Engineers, Des Plaines, IL, 2003. Zenz, Carl (editor), Occupational Medicine, 3rd Edition, Mosby, St. Louis, MO, 1994. 1 2 3 4

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SELF-EVALUATION WORKSHEET FOR BCSP EXAMINATIONS Rate your level of knowledge on each domain and responsibility included on BCSP examinations by marking each area as H = High, M = Medium, or L = Low. Use the ratings to help establish a preparation plan for taking the examination. Refer to the examination blueprints on pages 8 through 15 for the knowledge and skills applicable to each responsibility.

DOMAIN/Responsibility
DOMAIN 1. SAFETY, HEALTH, AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT Responsibility 1. Design comprehensive management systems by defining requirements and developing policies, procedures, and programs to protect people, property, and the environment. Responsibility 2. Implement polices, procedures, and programs through management systems to protect people, property, and the environment. Responsibility 3. Determine the effectiveness of management systems by measuring and evaluating performance indicators to ensure continuous improvement in the protection of people, property, and the environment. Responsibility 4. Implement risk management strategies by using the results of hazard identification and risk analyses to eliminate and/or reduce harmful exposures to people, property, and the environment. Responsibility 5. Apply sound business practices and economic principles for efficient use of resources to increase the value of the safety processes. Responsibility 6. Encourage participation through communication and other methods to ensure that all stakeholders (e.g., employees, managers, vendors, contractors) have an understanding and an active role in the formulation and implementation of safety processes. DOMAIN 2. SAFETY, HEALTH, AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING Responsibility 1. Evaluate facilities, products, systems, equipment, workstations, and processes by applying qualitative and quantitative techniques to identify the hazards and assess the associated risks. Responsibility 2. Recommend controls through design, engineering, and specification to eliminate or reduce the risks posed by safety, health, and environmental hazards. Responsibility 3. Evaluate controls by analyzing feasibility, effectiveness, reliability, and cost to achieve the optimal solution. Responsibility 4. Obtain compliance certifications, listings, approvals, or authorizations by identifying and meeting applicable national and international laws, regulations, and standards in order to ensure product, process, and facility safety.

Self Rating

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DOMAIN/Responsibility
DOMAIN 3. SAFETY, HEALTH, AND ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION MANAGEMENT AND COMMUNICATIONS Responsibility 1. Develop effective training programs by establishing learning objectives to impart knowledge and facilitate an understanding of hazards and controls. Responsibility 2. Deliver effective training programs by using media and methods appropriate to the audience to maximize understanding of the subject matter. Responsibility 3. Evaluate training programs through performance assessments and various forms of feedback in order to assure that training is effective. Responsibility 4. Present technical information, both verbally and in writing, to effectively communicate with employees, management, customers, contractors, public relations officials, vendors, and the public. Responsibility 5. Communicate hazards, risks, and control measures to employees, management, customers, contractors, vendors, and the public by preparing and delivering appropriate information to educate an organization or the community. Responsibility 6. Develop ongoing relationships with the community by interacting with outside organizations to foster a mutual understanding of the profession and community needs with regard to safety issues. Responsibility 7. Maintain a recordkeeping and data capture and retrieval system by using appropriate data management systems to acquire, analyze, and distribute accurate data. Responsibility 8. Develop and maintain proficiency in professional communication through continuing personal education in the use of business technology. DOMAIN 4. PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT AND ETHICS Responsibility 1. Hold paramount the protection of people, property, and the environment by persistently working with management and governmental agencies until the identified hazard has been eliminated or minimized. Responsibility 2. Adhere to standards of professional conduct by limiting practice to areas of competence and avoiding conflicts of interest to minimize the potential for harm. Responsibility 3. Accept responsibility to promote safety by providing technical counsel and advice on issues related to the safety profession to protect people, property, and the environment. Responsibility 4. Conduct professional activities by following organizational protocol to assist in making positive, balanced, and effective decisions. Responsibility 5. Improve technical competency through continuing professional and self-development in order to increase knowledge and skills. Responsibility 6. Foster accurate accountability for injuries/illnesses and other types of occurrences by identifying root and contributing causes in order to assure that proper controls are implemented.

Self Rating

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TAKING BCSP EXAMINATIONS BCSP uses computer-delivered examinations at testing centers operated by Thomson Prometric, a part of the Thomson Corporation. You do not need computer skills. Once BCSP declares you eligible for the Safety Fundamentals or Comprehensive Practice examination and you are ready to take the examination, you need to take the following actions: Locate a Prometric Testing Center. Purchase an examination authorization. Receive your Examination Authorization Letter. Schedule an examination appointment. Take the examination. Thomson Prometric. A brochure sent with your Examination Authorization Letter will have additional details for making the appointment. Some of the rules are outlined on page 60 of this publication. BCSP examinations are available globally at Prometric Testing Centers. Check the Thomson Prometric web site (www.prometric.com) to locate a testing center near you. All centers are open during normal business hours, and many have weekend and holiday hours. Make your appointment as soon as possible after you receive your Examination Authorization Letter since available appointment times at Prometric Testing Centers are reserved early. BCSP recommends making your appointment eight or more weeks in advance. If you wait too long and find that you are unable to make an appointment to take your examination within your examination authorization period, your examination authorization will expire, and you will have to purchase a new examination authorization. When you make your appointment, Thomson Prometric will provide you with instructions for finding the testing center you chose and details about parking. Two or more days after making your appointment, confirm your appointment date and time on Thomson Prometric's web site at www.prometric.com. Take the Examination Arrival and preliminary procedures. When you arrive at the Prometric Testing Center, the Thomson Prometric staff will assist you. They will tell you where to secure your personal belongings and show you the location of the restrooms. The Thomson Prometric staff will ask for your identification and ask you to sign your name in a logbook. You must bring a current and valid government-issued identification bearing your picture and signature. Your name on this identification must exactly match the name you have used with BCSP. If the identification you present does not meet these requirements, the Thomson Prometric staff will not permit you to take the examination, and your examination authorization will immediately expire. Examples of acceptable forms of identification include most state/provincial drivers licenses, military identification cards, and passports.

Locate a Prometric Testing Center To ensure that a Prometric Testing Center is suitably convenient to you, go to Thomson Prometrics website at www.prometric.com (then click on Locate a Test Site). If you do not have Internet access, contact BCSP to help you find a nearby testing center. Purchase an Examination Authorization After you receive a notice from BCSP indicating that you are eligible to sit for a BCSP examination, you may register with BCSP to take an examination at any time within your eligibility time limit rules (page 7). If you contact BCSP by phone to register and pay for an examination authorization, BCSP will verify that you are eligible for the examination and ask you for credit card/debit card information. You may also pay for your examination authorization by check by following the instructions in your notice of eligibility letter. Receive Your Examination Authorization Letter After you register and pay for an examination authorization, BCSP will send you an Examination Authorization Letter. In it are detailed instructions for making an appointment at a Prometric Testing Center. Have this letter available when you make your appointment with Thomson Prometric. You also will need to take this document with you when you take your examination. Schedule an Examination Appointment After you receive your Examination Authorization Letter, you must make an examination appointment directly with

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The staff will also ask to inspect your calculator and verify that it complies with the published BCSP calculator rules in effect when you sit for the examination (page 6). During the actual examination, the Examination Reference (pages 62 through 71) will be available to candidates on every item in the form of a button entitled Reference. All 10 pages of the Examination Reference are available and can be viewed quickly while taking the examination. After these preliminary procedures are completed, the Thomson Prometric staff will escort you into the examination room and seat you at your computer testing workstation. Other than the materials provided by the Thomson Prometric staff, you cannot take any notes, books, papers, or other materials into the examination room (including food and drink). BCSP recommends that you complete the computer-based tutorial to become familiar with the features of the examination delivery software before beginning the examination. The time you spend on the tutorial does not count toward your testing time. Examination duration. When you are ready to begin your examination, you will log on as instructed. From that point, you have five hours to complete the Safety Fundamentals examination and five and one-half hours to complete the Comprehensive Practice examination. Your time remaining will appear in the top right corner of the screen. If you leave your computer testing workstation for any reason during the examination, the clock will continue to run. Examination format. One item will appear on the screen at a time. You may answer the item, mark the item because you want to return to it later, or skip the item. After you have seen all of the examination items, you will see a review screen that presents a table of item numbers and your responses. This table will show your answer selection and whether you marked it or skipped it. By double-clicking the item number with the mouse, you can return to any item in the menu and complete it or change your answer selection. Examination security. For the duration of the examination (i.e., while your examination clock is running, including during self-scheduled breaks), you shall not:

Consult verbally, electronically, or in writing with any person other than a member of the Thomson Prometric staff. Consult any written or electronic references or electronic devices other than the Examination Reference and the materials for working out calculations provided by the Thomson Prometric staff. Leave your computer testing workstation, except to take a self-scheduled break within the building (or part of the building) controlled by Thomson Prometric. Leave the building (or part of the building) controlled by Thomson Prometric.

Several security procedures are in place at Prometric Testing Centers. Thomson Prometric formally documents and reports all irregularities, and BCSP evaluates each irregularity to determine appropriate actions. Depending on the irregularity, BCSP may invalidate an examination and take additional disciplinary actions against candidates who violate BCSP or Thomson Prometric security procedures, or who engage in unethical, disruptive, or unprofessional conduct at a testing facility. Completing the examination and getting your results. Once you have completed all examination items, you must formally submit your examination for scoring and exit the examination. If you exceed your allotted examination time, your examination will automatically end and be scored. A message appears on the screen giving you the results of your examination. Once you have seen your examination results, a survey will appear. Please complete this survey to help BCSP understand your certification and testing experience and help us to address any problems. At the end of the survey, you may leave your computer testing workstation and find a member of the Thomson Prometric staff to check out. You will have to return the materials for working out calculations to a Thomson Prometric staff member. You will then sign out of the testing center. Before you leave the testing center facility, a Thomson Prometric staff member will give you a printed copy of your unofficial examination results. Within three weeks, BCSP will mail you your official results and score report. Late Arrivals and Missed Appointments If you fail to keep your scheduled examination appointment, or if you arrive more than 15 minutes late for your scheduled examination appointment, you are considered a no-show, and your examination authorization immediately expires. If you are a no-show, you forfeit your examination authorization and must

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register and pay for another examination authorization to take the examination. Canceling/Rescheduling Examination Appointments If you need to cancel an examination appointment, you must properly cancel your appointment two or more full business days prior to your scheduled examination appointment. Appointments cannot be canceled if there is less than two full business days remaining until your scheduled examination appointment. To reschedule an examination appointment, Thomson Prometric must have an appointment time available within the remaining time in your examination authorization period. If you have to cancel and reschedule an examination appointment toward the end of your 120-day examination authorization period, you should consider purchasing a one-time, 60-day examination authorization extension from BCSP. When you cancel an appointment, be sure to write down the appointment cancellation number Thomson Prometric provides you. If you are not given an appointment cancellation number, your appointment was not properly canceled. Examination Authorization Extensions After registering and paying for an examination authorization, you will have 120 days to take the examination. If you need to extend the 120-day examination authorization period, BCSP allows you to purchase a one-time, 60-day extension for $50 (fee subject to change). If you are eligible for this extension, you must purchase the extension before your current 120-day examination authorization expires. BCSP must receive and acknowledge your payment before your expiration date. Also, you must properly cancel any existing examination appointment before purchasing the 60-day examination authorization extension. Contact BCSP for details. An examination authorization extension is not the same as an eligibility extension. Eligibility time limit rules are covered in the CSP Application Guide and are also summarized on page 7 in this publication. Retesting If you fail your examination, you may register and pay to retake the examination after you receive your official results and score report from BCSP. There is no limit to the number of times you can retake the examination, as long as you remain within your eligibility time limit rules. You do not have to re-apply for the CSP credential after

failing an examination unless your overall eligibility has also expired. Eligibility time limit rules are described in the CSP Application Guide and are also summarized on page 7 in this publication. Examinations for Candidates Requiring Special Accommodations or the Use of Assistive Devices If you require special examination facilities and arrangements because of documented disabilities, you must identify these requirements each time you register and pay for an examination authorization. You will be asked to provide official medical documentation of special accommodation requirements validated by a licensed healthcare professional. Most special accommodations are met through Prometric Testing Centers. However, if special accommodations are not available through a suitable Prometric Testing Center, BCSP will make other arrangements to ensure that your accommodations are met. If you need to use one or more assistive devices during an examination (e.g., wheelchair, visual and physical prosthetic devices), you must advise BCSP of your needs each time you register and pay for an examination authorization. BCSP will then ask you to provide additional information related to your assistive device(s). If BCSP is unaware of your need to use one or more assistive devices during the examination, the examination management staff will not allow you to have or use assistive devices within the secure examination area. Taking the Comprehensive Practice Examination for Continuance of Certification Credit A CSP may take and pass the Comprehensive Practice examination during the last year of a Continuance of Certification cycle to fulfill recertification requirements. To take advantage of this recertification option, you may simply contact BCSP and pay for a Comprehensive Practice examination authorization. If you pass the examination, your record will be automatically updated to indicate your compliance with all Continuance of Certification requirements for the cycle. Examinations Outside the United States and Canada If you plan on taking a BCSP examination in a Prometric Testing Center outside the United States and Canada, there are different examination rules you must understand. These rules are described in detail in the CSP Examination Guide: For Examinations Outside the United States and Canada. Also described are the applicable rules for registering for a BCSP examination at U.S. military

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DANTES sites or other special locations not served by a Prometric Testing Center. The CSP Examination Guide: For Examinations Outside the United States and Canada is available on BCSPs website at www.bcsp.org.

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COMPUTER-DELIVERED EXAMINATION RULES

COMPUTER-DELIVERED EXAMINATION RULES (United States and Canada)
When making plans to take a BCSP examination, consider the following rules for computer-delivered examinations. All fees are subject to change. The $275 fee for purchasing the 120-day examination authorization is not refundable. The $50 fee for purchasing an optional 60-day extension to your examination authorization is not refundable.

Once you register and pay for an examination authorization, you have 120 days from your registration date to schedule an appointment with Thomson Prometric and take the BCSP examination. If you need additional time beyond 120 days, you may purchase a one-time, 60-day extension of your examination authorization. Therefore, a maximum of 180 days is available for you to take your examination after you register and pay for your examination authorization. No additional extensions to your examination authorization are permitted beyond the one-time, 60-day extension. To schedule an appointment, you must either (1) use the Thomson Prometric web site at www.prometric.com or (2) call Thomson Prometric's national registration center at 800-810-3926. You cannot schedule an appointment directly with a local Prometric Testing Center or directly with BCSP. Have your Examination Authorization Letter available, and record the appointment confirmation number once you make your appointment. After making your appointment, confirm your appointment date and time on Thomson Prometric's web site at www.prometric.com. Your examination authorization expires when you: Fail to take the examination during the 120-day examination authorization period and you did not purchase a onetime, 60-day examination authorization extension during the 120-day period. Fail to take the examination during the 60-day extension of the 120-day examination authorization period if you purchased the one-time, 60-day extension. Fail to show up for a scheduled examination appointment or fail to follow the prescribed security and administrative procedures at the Prometric Testing Center. Are more than 15 minutes late for a scheduled examination appointment.

You may cancel and reschedule an existing examination appointment only when there are two or more full business days prior to your existing examination appointment. To cancel the appointment, you must either (1) use the Thomson Prometric web site at www.prometric.com or (2) call Thomson Prometric's national registration center at 800-810-3926. You cannot cancel or change an appointment directly with a local Prometric Testing Center or directly with BCSP. If you do not properly cancel your appointment, you will be considered a no-show, and your examination authorization will expire. When canceling your appointment, have your appointment confirmation number available, and record the appointment cancellation number once your appointment is canceled. Even if you cancel an examination, to reschedule it, there must be a local Prometric Testing Center with an available appointment time during the time remaining in your examination authorization period. If you have already made an examination appointment within the original 120-day examination authorization period, but you decide to purchase the one-time, 60-day extension to your examination authorization, you must properly cancel the appointment before purchasing the 60-day extension. BCSP must receive your examination extension fee before your 120-day examination authorization expires during BCSPs normal business hours. If your examination authorization expires, you must register and pay for a new 120-day examination authorization to take the examination.

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EXAMINATION REFERENCE The material included in this section is provided online to Safety Fundamentals and Comprehensive Practice examination candidates at the testing centers during the examination. During the actual examination, the Examination Reference will be available to candidates on every item in the form of a button entitled Reference. All 10 pages of the Examination Reference are available and can be viewed quickly while taking the examination. BCSP expects you to know simple formulas, mathematical functions, and similar information. In addition, BCSP expects you to have enough knowledge of a subject area to know what information in the Examination Reference is applicable to an item. The Examination Reference is subject to change at any time. Typical changes include adding additional reference information and updating material.

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Board of Certified Safety Professionals

CODE OF ETHICS AND PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT

This code sets forth the code of ethics and professional standards to be observed by holders of documents of certification conferred by the Board of Certified Safety Professionals. Certificants shall, in their professional safety activities, sustain and advance the integrity, honor, and prestige of the safety profession by adherence to these standards. Standards 1. Hold paramount the safety and health of people, the protection of the environment and protection of property in the performance of professional duties and exercise their obligation to advise employers, clients, employees, the public, and appropriate authorities of danger and unacceptable risks to people, the environment, or property. 2. Be honest, fair, and impartial; act with responsibility and integrity. Adhere to high standards of ethical conduct with balanced care for the interests of the public, employers, clients, employees, colleagues and the profession. Avoid all conduct or practice that is likely to discredit the profession or deceive the public. 3. Issue public statements only in an objective and truthful manner and only when founded upon knowledge of the facts and competence in the subject matter. 4. Undertake assignments only when qualified by education or experience in the specific technical fields involved. Accept responsibility for their continued professional development by acquiring and maintaining competence through continuing education, experience and professional training. 5. Avoid deceptive acts that falsify or misrepresent their academic or professional qualifications. Not misrepresent or exaggerate their degree of responsibility in or for the subject matter of prior assignments. Presentations incident to the solicitation of employment shall not misrepresent pertinent facts concerning employers, employees, associates, or past accomplishments with the intent and purpose of enhancing their qualifications and their work. 6. Conduct their professional relations by the highest standards of integrity and avoid compromise of their professional judgment by conflicts of interest. 7. Act in a manner free of bias with regard to religion, ethnicity, gender, age, national origin, sexual orientation, or disability. 8. Seek opportunities to be of constructive service in civic affairs and work for the advancement of the safety, health and well-being of their community and their profession by sharing their knowledge and skills.

Approved by the BCSP Board of Directors, October 2002.