Impact Force

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Impact Force
Impact forces acting on falling objects, crashed cars ..
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The dynamic energy in a moving object, like a falling ball or a driving car, can be expressed as E = 1/2 m v2 (1) where E = dynamic energy (J) m = mass of the object (kg) v = velocity of the object (m/s) Work made by a impact force slowing down the object can be expressed as W = F s (2) where

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Temperature
o o

W = work done (J) F = slow down force (N) s = slow down distance (m) In an impact like a car crash the dynamic energy from the object is converted to work. The equations can be combined as F s = 1/2 m v2 (3) or expressed as a function of the slow down distance F = 1/2 m v2 / s Note! The slow down distance is very important and a key to limit the impact forces acting in car crashes. Marine Log Biophotonics International Free Industry Magazines

C F

Length

m km in ft yards miles nautical miles

Example - Crashing Car

A car with a mass of 2000 kg drives in 60 km/h (16.7 m/s) before it crashes in a massive concrete wall. The front of the car impacts 0.5 m. The impacting force can be calculated as F = 1/2 (2000 kg) (16.7 m/s)2 / (0.5 m) = 558 kN Note that the gravitation force acting on the car is F=mg Product Design & Development

Volume m3 liters in3 ft3 us gal

Velocity

= (2000 kg) (9.81 m/s2) = 19.6 kN

m/s km/h ft/min ft/s

Impact Force from a Falling Object

The dynamic energy in a falling object at the impact moment can be expressed as

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Impact Force

http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/impact-force-d_1780.html

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E = m g h (4) where g = acceleration of gravitation (9.81 m/s2) h = falling height (m) The equation can be combined with the equationof work as
2

Pressure Pa (N/m2) bar mm H2O kg/cm psi inches H2O

F = m g h / s (5)

Example - Falling Car

The same car as above falls from a height of 14.2 m and crashes with the front down on a massive concrete tarmac. The front impacts 0.5 m as above. The impact force can be calculated as F = (2000 kg) (9.81 m/s2) (14.2 m) / (0.5 m) = 557 kN Note that a car driving in 90 km/h (25 m/s) compares to a fall from 32 m(!)
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