ZIGBEE BASED TROLLEY CART ACCESS SYSTEM USING RFID FOR SHOPPING S.SIVASUDHAN,FINAL ECE,PAAVAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE,NAMAKKAL. M.

SATHISH,FINAL ECE, PAAVAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE,NAMAKKAL. shivaece.s@gmail.com contact no:9600857562

ABSTRACT:
Time is very much an important criterion for each and every individual in this busy world. With the whole world running out of time, who would like to spend time waiting in long queues? But, the case in every supermarket is that people are forced to wait in long stacked queues, desperate to get out of the mall with their products billed. Still then, the perplexing fact is that even though there is a huge time factor considered, people still prefer to shop in supermarkets than in retail shops as they can choose the products at their will. designed to monitor the business in Wide retail shops ex: shopping malls, supermarkets etc. Here we use RFID for reading the product code and sending the data to ZigBee module interfacing with RFID module. The proposal contains trolley modules; The RF Reader is fixed in to the trolley cart. In the super market lot of trolleys will be available, so an individual identity number can be given to that trolley corresponding to RFID reader. Only then, the customer identification and the particular trolley identification can be matched. While the customer puts his product in to that trolley, the RFID Reader reads the product code and sends the data to ZigBee module. In the same way another module of ZigBee is connected through the standard RS232 interface with PC. The prices are automatically updated in the central database. If the customer takes one product from the trolley the price will automatically reduced. This will provide no need to monitor the customers. The received data is displayed in the PC. Now, here is a proposal to save some of the most precious time for each customer. This proposal is mainly
ZIGBEE BASED TROLLEY CART ACCESS SYSTEM USING RFID FOR SHOPPING

The Front-end software is developed with Visual Basic 6.0.

INTRODUCTION: In the present world of today, supermarkets have become a buzz-word for almost everyone living in a city or even a town. With the advent of the supermarkets all over the world, long waiting queues are added free as an integral part to the customers. Still then, the perplexing fact is that even though there is a huge time factor considered, people still prefer to shop in supermarkets than in retail shops as they can choose the products at their will.

retail shops ex: shopping malls, supermarkets etc. Here we use RFID for reading the product code and sending the data to ZigBee module interfacing with RFID module. The proposal contains trolley modules; The RF Reader is fixed in to the trolley cart. In the super market lot of trolleys will be available, so an individual identity number can be given to that trolley corresponding to RFID reader. Only then, the customer identification and the particular trolley identification can be matched. While the customer puts his product in to that trolley, the RFID Reader reads the product code and sends the data to ZigBee module. In the same way another module of ZigBee is connected through the standard RS232 interface with PC. The prices are automatically updated in the central database. If the customer takes one product from the trolley the price will automatically reduced. This will provide no need to monitor the customers. BLOCK DIAGRAM

PRESENT DIFFICULTIES: The main problem which comes to the fore when one goes shopping in a mall is that of the queue. Even if it is a single item or a trolley full of items, each customer has to wait till he reaches the billing counter. This causes lots of precious time to be consumed, literally of no use for the end customer. If there is a customer who purchases his monthly items, then the particular billing counter will be stacked for more than 15 to 20 minutes. This is very much an accountable time when considering the busy world of today. WAYS TO OVERCOME: Now, here is a proposal to save some of the most precious time for each customer. This proposal is mainly designed to monitor the business in Wide

RFID READER: Each product is given an RFID coding. All the codes of all products will be loaded onto the central database. This

ZIGBEE BASED TROLLEY CART ACCESS SYSTEM USING RFID FOR SHOPPING

process will be done before stacking the products in the sales racks. The database will have all the coded values of every product which is for sales. The values can be read using RFID in two methods. RS 232 protocol Wiegand protocol WIEGAND FORMAT: We use Wiegand Protocol in our application. The term Wiegand is applied to
several characteristics related to access control readers and cards. When HID customers say, Wiegand format, they typically refer to the general concept of security card data encoding. But the term, Wiegand format, is also often understood to mean the standard 26-bit format, which is a very specific arrangement of binary card data.

Number field bits are ones, it equals decimal 65,535. If it is a string of numbers, 19495981699 it may mean nothing. If it is described as a phone number in the United States, then it is immediately understood that 949 is the area code, etc. Knowledge of the format allows you to decode the data. It always appears in the format, (xxx) yyy - zzzz, because telephone company switching equipment specifies it exist in this format.

H10301 has 255 possible facility codes from one to 255. There can be up to 65,535 card ID numbers, from one to 65,535, per facility code. The total number of cards that can use the entire range without duplication is 16,711,425. There are no restrictions on the use of this format. It is not documented by HID and HID does not restrict duplication of card numbers. HID produces and manages over 1,000 other card data formats, but all of them share the same fundamental concepts as the 26-bit format. Other card manufacturers also have unique, proprietary formats.

The maximum Facility Code is 255 because if all eight Facility Code bits are set to ones, they equal 255 decimal. The maximum Card Number is 65,535 because when all sixteen Card

PIC MICROCONTROLLER: The data that is being acquired by the RFID is being loaded on to the microcontroller. The microcontroller will be the essential part of the system, in which the details are stored. It is being operated by a 4 MHz crystal oscillator. The microcontroller that we are using is PIC 16F873A. PIC microcontrollers have an inbuilt ADC. This is a 28 pin micro controller with 3 ports. The three ports are PORT A, PORT B and PORT C, each with 8 pins respectively. The data is transmitted through RC6th pin and received through RC7th pin respectively. RB0 acts as the Interrupt pin. The interrupt is given to the microcontroller through this pin which is in pin location 21.

ZIGBEE BASED TROLLEY CART ACCESS SYSTEM USING RFID FOR SHOPPING

The TRIS register acts as the PORT direction register. It is very essential for the operation of the controller. SERIAL COMMUNICATION: Serial communication is of two types. They are: Synchronous (Eg.: SPI) Asynchronous (Eg.: RS 232) Synchronous mode of communication is used in this method. Serial Peripheral Interfacing is being used for the concept. Serial Peripheral Interfacing is 4 wire system. It is just like I 2C communication, with just 2 extra wires. There are 4 pins in this kind of communication: SCK Serial Clock MOSI Master Out Slave In MISO Master In Slave Out CS Chip Select

replacement and for Internet related applications. 802.11 standards are more focused towards compressed video. 802.15.3 is more focused towards Multi channel Digital Video. ZigBee is focused towards Low Power, Home & Industrial, Automation, Control and Monitoring. Here, comparison is made between a few of the commonly used protocols.

Figure 1 Range Vs Through-Put Comparison WHY ZIGBEE: The ZigBee Alliance is an association of companies working together to enable reliable, cost-effective, low-power, wirelessly networked, monitoring and control products based on an open global standard. The goal of the ZigBee Alliance is to provide the consumer with ultimate flexibility, mobility, and ease of use by building wireless intelligence and capabilities into everyday devices. ZigBee technology will be embedded in a wide range of products and applications across consumer, commercial, industrial and government markets worldwide. Companies will have a standards-based wireless platform optimized for the unique needs of remote monitoring and control applications, including simplicity, reliability, low-cost and low power. Solutions adopting the ZigBee standard will be embedded in consumer electronics, home and building automation, industrial controls, PC peripherals, medical sensor applications, toys and games.

These pins act as the input and the output for the serial port communication in this

WIRELESS PROTOCOLS AVAILABLE:

Todays the world is becoming more Wireless with more and more applications using protocols like Bluetooth, IrDA, Wi-Fi, Wi-Max, UWB and many more. Bluetooth is preferred as cable

ZIGBEE BASED TROLLEY CART ACCESS SYSTEM USING RFID FOR SHOPPING

ZigBee enables low-cost, low-power embedded mesh networking. It supports a wide variety of technical requirement and design tradeoffs like, Battery life versus throughput, Latency versus spatial Coverage, and Code size versus Ease of use and Feature richness. It supports 3 different ZigBee Device Types as ZC, ZR & ZED. It has a dedicated CII Stack Profile. Network Management, treestructured address assignment, along with capacity to accommodate more devices in the network, Message Routing using route discovery and maintenance, self-healing, Reliability, Security, and Efficient broadcast algorithm, with passive ACK and Retries, which includes buffering of data, for the sleeping child ZED, makes it an ideal choice for industrial and control applications. ZigBee is also considered for the long battery life, transmission range and network size (the number of devices it can accommodate). ZigBee Stack Architecture

The ZigBee Alliance builds on this foundation by providing the network (NWK) layer and the framework for the application layer. The application layer framework is comprised of the application support sub-layer (APS), the ZigBee device objects (ZDO) and the manufacturer-defined application objects. IEEE 802.15.4-2003 has two PHY layers that operate in two separate frequency ranges: 868/915 MHz and 2.4 GHz. The lower frequency PHY layer covers both the 868 MHz -European Band and the 915 MHz - Used in countries such as the United States and Australia. The higher frequency PHY layer is used virtually worldwide. The IEEE 802.15.42003 MAC sub-layer controls access to the radio channel using a CSMA-CA mechanism. Its responsibilities may also include transmitting beacon frames, synchronization and providing a reliable transmission mechanism. THE IMPLEMENTATION: The trolleys will be attached with RFID readers. All the product details will be stored in the database of the dealer. When the trolley is accessed, a button is pressed, which indicates the START of the shopping process. There is another button which will indicate the END of the shopping. The buttons are attached to the trolley. Both the buttons are at the access of the customer who utilizes the trolley. When a product is dropped into the trolley, the RFID Reader reads the code of the product. The product has to be shown to the reader before dropping it into the trolley. A maximum threshold distance can be setup in the Reader till which it can read the values of the code. After the threshold distance, the reader may not read the code of the product. The code values that are read are sent to the central database through ZigBee wireless communication network. The codes are decoded and the type specification of each product is uploaded with the database. The total number of

Figure 2 ZigBee Stack Architecture Source:053474r11ZB_TSCZigBee-Specification.pdf, from

www.zigbee.org

The ZigBee stack architecture, depicted in figure, is based on the standard Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) seven-layer model. The IEEE 802.15.42003 standard defines the two lower layers: the physical (PHY) layer and the medium access control (MAC) sub-layer.

ZIGBEE BASED TROLLEY CART ACCESS SYSTEM USING RFID FOR SHOPPING

products and their total price are also taken into the database. The database controls all the activities of the trolley, given the trolley number will be sent to the database. There will be a display unit in the trolley also. This will display the latest product taken and the total price of all the products taken till now. This will be the indication to the customers about their shopping details then and there. The ZigBee protocol is the wireless medium that is used for the transfer of the data from the trolley to the central database. This protocol allows low cost, low power mesh networking which will save power. Other wireless mediums will require lots of energy usage for their operation, whereas ZigBee is known for its theoretically unlimited battery life. The customers will have to just pay the total bill when they finish the shopping. The total number of products will be counted before packing them by the shopper. This total number has to coincide with the total number of billed products in the database. ADVANTAGES: The time of billing will be saved. The customers will have to just pay the total bill and leave, with a check just in the total number of products. This saves the time to wait in long queues in the shopping markets which is a very tedious process. Shopping customers will enjoy shopping which will make the dealers advantageous too in their marketing.

again with the products billed. This can act as the anti theft system that is in use now with bar codes. The same technique can be applicable for this process too. CONCLUSION: With the whole world dealing with saving energy and time by every measure possible, this concept, when implemented would be very effective in saving some of the very precious time. Because whenever we think of shopping, the thought of standing in long queues will be the greatest bothering thing for which we will have to reconsider our options. This concept will make us to enjoy shopping as there is no more waiting in long queues. Shopping will be at ease once again if this proposal comes into reality. REFERENCES:
1. www.zigbee.org.

2. http://zigbee.org/Markets/ZigBeeB uildingAutomation/tabid/226/Defa ult.aspx 3. ZigBee - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.html 4. 2_08006r03ZB_CSG-ZigBeeLayer-PICS-and-Stack-Profiles.pdf 5. EEIOL_2008NOV14_RFD_TA_0 3.pdf.

FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS: As it is done now for bar codes, the bar code reader will be fixed at the exit of the shopping market. This will act as the theft detector. When any product with unread RFID code passes through the system, this system will alarm the locality. The number of products will be checked
ZIGBEE BASED TROLLEY CART ACCESS SYSTEM USING RFID FOR SHOPPING