Peperiksaan Akhir Tahun Tingkatan 4 2010 Marking scheme Paper 2 (4531/2) Section A Mark/marks QUESTION 1 1 a) Ratchet 1 b) To prevent the

user from exerting undue pressure on the object @ 1 To prevent the user from exerting too much pressure / over tightening c) -0.02mm 1 d) Able to measure the smallest unit 0.01mm / higher sensitivity 1 4 TOTAL QUESTION 2 2 a) Momentum 1 b) Kinetic energy 1 c) (60)(20) + (70)(20) = (60 + 70)(V) 1 V = 17.31 m s-1 d) Principle of Conservation of Momentum TOTAL QUESTION 3 Barometer / simple barometer /mercury barometer Vacuum 76 cm Hg H increase Because the total pressure increase.// The pressure outside glass tube increases // pressure of water + atmospheric pressure Siphon // suction cup// vacuum cleaner// straw// syringe//sucker TOTAL QUESTION 4 Length increases/ longer /extended Elastic potential energy Increase Extension ( 21-15 ) cm= 6 cm 300g-------6 cm 100g-------2 cm 500g--------2 x 5 = 10 cm Length of spring = 15 + 10 = 25 cm Parallel Load is shared equally among the spring / can support higher load TOTAL QUESTION 5 Heat from the surrounding Heat from the metal plate Solid to liquid Specific latent heat of fusion Heat absorbed is used to overcome the forces of attraction between the molecules of the ice 1 1 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 1 1 1 1

3)a) b) c)i) ii) iii) d)

4a)i) ii) iii) b)

1 1 1 7 1 1 1 1 1

c)i) ii)

5 (a) (b) c (i) (ii)

(d) L = 6.72 x 103 J 20 x 10-3 kg = 3.36 x 105 J kg-1 (e) Condensation of water vapour on cool surface TOTAL QUESTION 6 Change of momentum/product of Force with time of impact Force on the watermelon in Diagram 6.1 is larger than the force on the watermelon in Diagram 6.2 / vice versa Time of impact on surface A is shorter than time of impact on surface B / vice versa A shorter time of impact will produce a larger force The change of momentum of the watermelon in Diagram 6.1 is equal to that of the watermelon in Diagram 6.2 Sponge/carpet/towel/cloth/grass & other Body will be hold back by the seat belt when car stopped suddenly The seat belt will lengthen slightly, the impulsive force inflicted on the body will be less TOTAL QUESTION 7 Pascals Principle When the small piston is pressed down, the pressure is exerted on the liquid and transmits uniformly to the large piston The force is produced and pushes the chair up

1 1 1 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 1 1

6)a) b) (i) ii) iii) c) d) e)

7)a) b)

c) Some of the force is used to compress air bubble d) F 500 = 20 100 100 N e) Increase the cross sectional area of the big piston @ Decrease the size of the small piston To increase the force multiplier Enlarge the size of the seat /Strengthen the seat belt To accommodate the larger bodies of adults/ To withstand the heavier adults without damage f) hydraulic lift// hydraulic brake// hydraulic pump //hydraulic jeck TOTAL 8. (a) (b) (i) QUESTION 8 Energy transfer from higher temperature body to lower temperature // type of energy that flow //form of energy 80 2 = 40 C per minute 100 -20 7 = 80 7 = 11.43 C per minute -Iron/Besi

1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 10 1 1 1

(ii)

1 1 1
2

(c)

(d)

-The rate of change of temperature is higher C iron = 50 x 2 x 60 0.25 x 80 = 300 J kg-1 C-1 C Al = 50 x 8 x 60 0.25 x 80 = 1200 J kg-1 C-1 -A - it has lowest specific heat capacity // - easily to get hot TOTAL
SECTION B

1 1 1

(e)

1 1 1 12

NO 9

SUGGESTED ANSWER
(a)(i) (ii) State the meaning correctly - Product of mass and velocity / /momentum = mass x velocity 1 State the total momentum in Diagram 9.1 correctly - Zero Compare the total momentum correctly - Total momentum before the bullet is fired = total momentum after the bullet is fired. Compare the magnitude of the momentum of the bullet and pistol correctly - Equal Compare the direction of the momentum of the bullet and pistol correctly - Opposite Name the physics principle correctly - Principle of Conservation of Momentum - Liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen fuel is pump into the combustion chamber for combustion - The exhaust gas is ejected out of the rocket nozzle at high speed. - The ejected exhaust gas at high speed has a large momentum. - According to the Principle of Conservation of Momentum, the rocket acquires a large momentum forward Aspects/ Blades Characterisitics Using bigger blades/Increase the number of blades/ increase the speed of blade Blade made of strong material Increase the number of fuel injectors// add more fuel injectors Increase the size of the combustion chamber - Decrease the diameter of the nozzle Explanations/Reasons Increase the air intake

MARKS
1 1 1

1 1

1 1 1 1

(b)

(c)

1,1

Material of blade Fuel injector

Can withstand strong pressure/it will not break easily More fuel to be burnt to produce greater thrust

1,1

1,1

Combustion chamber Nozzle

More space for the fuel to be burnt - Exhaust gas ejected at higher velocity/higher momentum

1,1

1,1

TOTAL

20

10

a)(i)

Gravitational force // the product of mass and gravitational due to gravity : W =mg Weight lost in Diagram 10.1(b) > Diagram 10.1(c) // vise versa Apparent weight in Diagram 10.1(c) > Diagram10.1(b) // vise versa Density of water > density of oil The greater the density of liquid, the greater the weight lost / less apparent weight

(ii)

1 1 1 1

(iii)

Archimedes Principle / Law of floatation

(b)

Name two correct force (uptrust and weight) Uptrust small because small volume // vise versa Block sink because weight > upthrust Sheet float because weight = upthrust

1 1 1 1

(c)

Modifications Strong material Low density material Two stage plimsoll line Big size Aerodynamic shape

Explanations Can withstand great force Light weight Save in fresh and salt water Can place more good Reduce water friction

1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1

TOTAL

20

SECTION C 11
(a) (b) Degree of hotness of an object 1. 2. 3. 4. (c) Put the thermometer in melting ice, mark the lower part of mercury thread, l0 Place the same thermometer in the boiling water, mark the top part of the mercury thread, l100 Divide the length between the two marks inti 100 equal divisions Each division is now equal to 1C 1 1 1 1 1 1

Characteristics Reasons Specific heat capacity is low Faster to get hot Melting point is high Does not melt easily Good conductor of heat Heat can be gained and lost easily Rate of expansion is moderate The shape of the fin unchanged The most suitable is P because specific heat capacity is low, melting point is high, conductor heat is good and rate of expansion is moderate. Q = mc = 0.5 x 450 x 10 = 2250 J

1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1

(d) i)

1 1 1

ii) Energy lost = 10 x 2250

= 22500 J

1 1

TOTAL 12
(a) (b)(i) Reflection Aspects Type of curvature Explanation/Reasons It forms upright images/It gives a wide field of view Focal length of mirror Short focal length It gives a wide field of view Diameter of mirror Large diameter, bigger It will provide a bigger radius view of area being seen Location of mirror Top corner of the wall It will provides a bigger area of view The most suitable is Q because it is made of convex mirror, it has short focal length, large diameter and located at the top corner of the wall. Characteristics Convex mirror

20
1

1,1 1,1

1,1

1,1 1,1

(ii)

S P
4

O
O

I
O

c i)

Draw arrow OP (1) Draw line CPS (1) Draw line FS (1) Draw arrow IS (1)

S
O

(ii)

Make up mirror, reflectors of torchers and head lamps, dentist mirror ( any two of the answers) Given, radius of curvature = 20 cm, so F = 10 cm To form image of same size of object, object must be placed at point C. Therefore, x = 10 - 4 = 6 cm

1,1

d)

1 1 1

TOTAL

20