S GD T BAC LIEU

TRNG THPT NH THANH

GIAO AN MAU
Bai 33: AXIT SUNFURIC MUOI SUNFAT
A. MUC TIEU:
1. Ve kien thc
a) Hoc sinh biet :
Dung dch H2SO4 loang co ay u tnh chat
cua mot axit.
H2SO4 ac, nong co tnh chat oxi hoa manh
goc axit, nhan biet goc sunfat
Vai tro cua H2SO4 oi vi nen kinh te quoc
dan.
Phng phap san xuat H2SO4 trong cong
nghiep.
b) Hoc sinh hieu :
Dung dich H2SO4 loang co tnh axit the hien
ion H+ trong phan t H2SO4 .
H2SO4 ac, nong co tnh chat oxi hoa manh
gay ra bi goc SO42 -trong o S co so oxi hoa
cao nhat (+6).
2. Ve k nang
Hoc sinh van dung :
Viet PTHH cua cac phan ng trong o H 2SO4
ac, nong oxi hoa c ca kim loai hoat
ong yeu (ng sau H trong Day hoat ong
hoa hoc cua kim loai) .
Viet PTHH cua phan ng trong o H2SO4
ac, nong oxi hoa mot so phi kim.
B. CHUAN B :
Hoa chat : H2SO4 ac, nc cat , H2SO4
loang, kim loai Cu, inh sat, giay qu tm,
ng saccaroz, dd NaOH, dd BaCl2 , Ba(NO3)2
va Na2SO4 .
Dung cu : Ong nghiem, gia th nghiem, en
con, kep ong nghiem, ong dan kh co nut
cao su, ong nho giot, muong thuy tinh, coc
thuy tinh, bac la
Phieu hoc tap
C. CAC BC LEN LP :
1. On nh lp
2. Kiem tra bai cu :
1

GV yeu cau HS len bang trnh bay cac cau hoi

sau
H1 : Neu tnh chat hoa hoc ac trng cua SO 2. V
sao SO2 lai co tnh chat o. Viet PTHH minh hoa .
H2 : Dan kh SO2 vao dd KMnO4 mau tm, nhan thay
dung dch b mat mau v xay ra phan ng hoa
hoc sau :
SO2 + KMnO4 + H2O K2SO4 + MnSO4 + H2SO4
a) Hay can bang PTHH tren bang phng
phap thang bang electron.
b) Hay cho biet vai tro cua SO2 va KMnO4
trong phan ng tren
3 . Noi dung bai giang:
Hoat ong
Hoat ong
Noi dung
cua GV
cua HS
Hoat ong 1: Tm hieu ve tnh chat vat ly cua axit
sunfuric
I. AXIT SUNFURIC
HS tra li
1. Ly tnh :
GV: Cho HS
- la chat
- H2SO4 ac sanh nh dau,
quan sat lo
long sanh
khong bay hi (H2SO4 98%
H2SO4 ac va nh dau,
co D = 1,84 g/cm3 ).
cho nhan xet khong mau
- Nhiet o soi la 337 0C
GV: Neu
- H2SO4 ac tan vo han
cach pha
trong nc va toa nhiet,
loang H2SO4
khi pha loang ta cho tng
ac.
- H2SO4 ac
giot H2SO4 ac vao coc
GV: Em hay
tan manh
nc va tranh lam ngc
cho biet tai
ong thi
lai .
sao khong
toa nhieu
nen cho
nhiet lam
nc vao
nc soi
H2SO4 ac khi ot ngot
pha loang ?
keo theo axit
ban ra ngoai
gay nguy
hiem
Hoat ong 2 : Tm hieu tnh chat hoa hoc cua axit
sunfuric
GV yeu cau
2. Hoa tnh :
HS:
HS neu tnh
a) Tnh chat cua dung dch
- Neu tnh
chat va
axit
2

chat hoa
leng bang
hoc chung
viet phng
cua axit ? Cho trnh.
v du
- Len bang
viet PTHH .
GV nhan xet
va cho iem
HS quan sat
GV: lam cac hien tng
th nghiem
va giai thch
sau cho HS
quan sat :
1) Dung dch
1) Cho la Cu
mau xanh,
vao ong
co sui bot
nghiem cha kh
H2SO4 ac, kh HS : Viet
thoat ra dan PTHH va xac
vao dd NaOH nh vai tro
2) Cho inh Fe cua cac
vao ong
chat ban
nghiem cha au
H2SO4 ac,
2) Fe khong
nguoi. Sau
tac dung
mot thi
H2SO4 ac,
gian roi un
nguoi. Khi
nong, kh
un nong co
thoat ra dan kh thoat ra
vao dd NaOH HS : Viet
3) Cho tng
PTHH va xac
giot H2SO4
nh vai tro
ac vao coc cua cac
thuy tinh
chat ban
cha
au
saccaroz .
3) Thay
GV: Em hay
ng hoa
neu hien
than en va
tng, viet
trao len
PTHH va xac ong thi
nh vai tro
co kh thoat
cua cac
ra.
chat tham gia HS : Viet
phan ng.
PTHH va xac
- Giai thch
nh vai tro

sunfuric loang
- Qu tm hoa o
- Tac dung KL trc H2 .
- Tac dung baz va oxit
baz
- Tac dung dd muoi
H2SO4 loang + BaCl2 BaSO4
trang

+ 2HCl
b) Tnh chat cua axit
sunfuric ac
- Tnh oxi hoa manh
goc SO42
+ Tac dung KL sau H2 (Ag,
Cu )
0
+4

+6

+2

Cu + 2H2SO4 ac CuSO4 +
SO2
+ 2H2O
Fe + H2SO4 ac nguoi khong
p/ng
+4

+6

+3

2Fe + 6H2SO4 () t Fe2(SO4)3 +

SO2
)

+ 6H2O
+ Tac dung vi PK ( C, P, S
)
0

+6

+4

S + 2H2SO4 () 3SO2 + 6H2O

t)

- Tnh hao nc
C12H22O11 + H2SO4 ()

12C
+ H2SO4
0

() . 11H2O

sau o :
0
+4

+6

+4

C + 2H2SO4 () t CO2 +2SO2 +

6H2O
)

* Nhan Xet :
3

s trao len
cua than?

cua cac
chat ban
au

- H2SO4 ac tac dung hau

het cac kim loai (Tr Au
va Pt)
- H2SO4 ac tac dung 1 so
- Neu nhan
- Do kh CO2
phi kim : C, S, P,
xet cua em
va SO2 thoat - H2SO4 ac co tnh hao
ve tnh chat ra ay than
nc nen gay bong
cua H2SO4
ra khoi coc
nang khi tiep xuc da tht,
ac?
pha huy vai, giay,
GV: Tuy vao H2SO4 ac the - H2SO4 ac, nguoi khong tac
nong o
hien tnh oxi
dung Fe, Al.
H2SO4 ac ang hoa manh - H2SO4 ac, nong tac dung KL
dung va
goc SO42
nhieu hoa tr a ve hoa
kha nang
nh :
tr cao nhat.
hoat ong
+ Tac dung
* Lu y :
cua kim loai
kim loai kem - H2SO4 ac con tac dung
ma san
hoat ong.
vi 1 so muoi : NaCl , NaBr
pham oxi
+ tac dung

+6
-1
hoa goc
mot so phi
0
+4
SO42- co the
kim
2H2SO4 ac + 2NaBr (khan) Br2
+ SO2
la SO2 , S hay + co tnh
+ 2H2O + Na2SO4
H2S
hao nc
- Do kho bay hi nen H2SO4
manh.
ac con c dung e
H2SO4 ac nguoi
ay cac axit co nhiet o
khong tac
soi thap ra khoi dd muoi
dung Fe, Al
cua chung nh : HF, HNO3 ,
HCl, HClO4
CaF2 + H2SO4 CaSO4 + 2HF
Hoat ong 3 : Tm hieu ng dung va phng phap san
xuat H2SO4 trong CN
GV yeu cau
HS tra li
3. ng dung cua H2SO4
HS: _ - Neu
- neu ng
:
ng dung
dungtheo SGK
SGK trang 141
SGK
GV: Gii
4. San xuat H2SO4 trong
thieu cho HS
CN :
nguyen lieu
va phng
Nguyen lieu : S hay pirit
phap san
sat FeS2
xuat H2SO4
HS viet cac
Phng phap tiep xuc
trong CN
PTHH xay ra
Co 3 giai oan
cac giai
a) San xuat lu huynh i
- Goi HS viet oan san
oxit : SO2
4

PTHH cua
cac phan
ng 3
cong oan
san xuat

xuat

4FeS2 + 11O2 2Fe2O3 +

8SO2
S + O2 SO2
b) San xuat lu huynh
o

xt,t
tri oxit : SO
3

2SO2 + O2
2SO3
c) Hap thu SO3 bang H2SO4 98%
nSO3 + H2SO4 H2SO4
.nSO3
H2SO4 .nSO3 + nH2O (n+1)
H2SO4
Hoat ong 4 : Tm hieu ve muoi sunfat . Nhan biet ion
sunfat
GV: The nao HS : - Muoi
1. Muoi sunfat
la muoi
trung hoa la
a) Muoi trung hoa
trung hoa va muoi co
(muoi sunfat)
muoi axit ?
goc axit
cha ion SO42Cho VD
khong con
H2SO4 + 2NaOH Na2SO4
GV: Goi HS
nguyen t
+ 2H2O
Phan ln muoi sunfat
len bang
hiro.
viet p/ng
(Na2CO3 , K2SO4 eu tan tr BaSO4 , PbSO4
khi cho H2SO4
)
va SrSO4 khong tan, Ag2SO4
tac dung dd
- Muoi axit
, CaSO4 t tan
KOH tao
la muoi co
b) Muoi axit (muoi
muoi trung
goc axit con hirosunfat)
hoa va
nguyen t
cha ion HSO4-- .
muoi axit.
hiro.
H2SO4 + NaOH NaHSO4
GV: nhan xet (NaHSO4,
+ H2O
cac ptp
KHCO3 )
HS : Viet
GV: Lam th
ptp
2. Nhan biet ion sunfat
2-nghiem:
SO4
1. Cho dd BaCl2
Thuoc th la ion
2+
vao ong
HS quan sat
Ba : dd BaCl2
nghiem (1)
hien tng
Ba(OH)2 . San
cha san dd va viet
pham la muoi bari sunfat
H2SO4
ptp
BaSO4 ket tua trang
2. Cho dd
khong tan trong axit.
Ba(NO3)2 vao
Co ket tua
H2SO4 + BaCl2 BaSO4 trang
ong (2) cha trang
+ 2HCl
san dd
PTHH:
Na2SO4 + Ba(OH)2 BaSO4 +
Na2SO4
H2SO4 + BaCl2
2NaOH
5

- Hay neu
hien tng
va viet
ptp
Gv: e nhan
biet ion SO42ta dung
thuoc th
nao ?

BaSO4 trang
+ 2HCl
Na2SO4 +
Ba(NO3)2
BaSO4 +
2NaNO3
HS:
Dung dd
muoi bari

Chu y: Khi nhan biet th

nhan biet goc SO42trc
goc Cl-- .
Bai tap van dung :
Ch dung them giay qu
tm hay nhan biet cac lo
cha cac dung dch mat
nhan sau: H2SO4 ,Na2SO4 ,
BaCl2 ,NaCl
Viet phng trnh hoa hoc
xay ra .

D. CUNG CO :
GV dung phng phap am thoai e hng dan HS
giai cac bai tap 3, 4 va 6 SGK trang 143
HNG DAN GIAI
Bai 3:
Thuoc
Qu tm
BaCl2
th
Na2SO4
NaCl
HCl
hoa
o

Na2SO4
trang

trang
Ba(NO3)2
Bai 4:
a) Axit H2SO4 ac c dung lam kho nhng kh am
nh: CO2.
Co nhng kh am khong c lam kho bang
H2SO4 ac nh kh H2 (v H2 co tnh kh nen co the
kh H2SO4 en SO2 )
+6

+4

+1

H2SO4 + H2
SO2 + 2H2O
DAN DO: Ve nha lam het cac bai tap con lai trong
SGK
Chuan b bai tiet sau luyen tap
RUT KINH NGHIEM
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