Professional Documents
Culture Documents
EXERCISE BOOK
for
CONTENTS
I
9
L7
1A-3A
23 28 35 43
UMT 4A UMT 5A
UN]T 6 A
CONSOLIDATION
4A - 6A
50
il &
75
1B-3B
83 89 98
109
4B-68
r23
138
GENERAL REVISION
The material
in this book, which comprises 16 units, is intended to serye as review and/or supplementary material for the structures covered in Focus on First Certiflcate. In addition to the 12 units that correspond to the units in the book, there are 4 consolidation units and a final General Revision unit geared to provide exam practice material.
We would like to thank our testers Gulsima BAYI(AL, Qrnar EVCAN and Figen CUISBN, whose previous exams have been included in the book, and Gaye TOLUNGUQ, who produced and compiled most of the material.
We woutd like to fonvard our special thanks to Naz OIIUO for initiating and coordinating the project and for revising the exercises and organizing them according to the units in the
We are grateful to Mebrure iUaN and Anita AIffiA$ for their useful suggestions which \Mere incorporated in this revised
Banu BARUTLU
Chairperson
T'NIT I A I
RELIITTVE CLI\T'SES
1. Omit the relaUve pronoun and the 'be' form of the verb.
The man who is talking to the students is from China. The man talking to the students is from China
on the technological
2.
In relative clauses that do not contain a form of 'be' it is often possible to omlt the relative pronoun and change the verb to its -ing! form. Thts llbrary does not contain any books which deal with the
psycholoStcal effects of war.
This library does not contain any books dealing with the
psychological effects of war.
a noun
4.
Relative clauses with who/whom/which/that as the object can also be reduced. However, only the relative pronoun itself is omitted; the subject and verb remain. Only relative clauses having WHO, WHICH, or THAT as the subject can be reduced. That is, relative clauses beginning with whose/where/when/why are never reduced in any way.
5.
Exercises:
Ex: Dr. Smith is the professor who is teaching Chemistry 1O1 this
semester.
1. Chemistry, 2.
The students who are taking Dr. Smith's class this semester are enjoying it.
3.
Dr. Smith, who has written several chemistry books, is one of the most popular professors at the university.
many
student in Dr. Smith's advanced chemistry course last semester, helped with the research for this report.
7.
He has also written several articles which comment on the effects of chemicals in our food.
8.
These articles, which were written several years ago, have been published in several popular magazines.
9.
Last year he also wrote a government report which was on the disadvantages of using preservatives.
10.
13. I heard that his wife, who is a very nice person, is writing
book which is on cooking with only natural ingredients.
14.
(Refer to G.S.M.E.
1. a) The composer who(m) I'm listening to is Brahms The composer to whom I'm listening is Brahms.
b) The country which he was born in is Germany. The country in which he was born is Germany. The country where he was born is Germany.
c)
lift the suitcase, the weight of which was 7O kilos. He managed to lift the suitcase, whose weight was 70 kilos.
He managed to
each, none, some , etc. also come before the relative pronoun. Life is full of mysteries, many of which will never be explained. be used after a
4. Prepositions
Exercises:
are placed before the relative pronoun: a) h formal style of writing b) if the relatirie clause is i-ong
refugees.
fwh
2.
They gave me four tyres. One of them burst before I had driven four miles.
3.
The bar was so noisy that I couldn't hear the person at the other end of the line. I was telephoning from this bar. Selfridges is the best department store in London. this dress there.
4.
bought
5.
When you go to Dallas, don't forget to visit the Wax Museum. You can see the wax figures of famous people there.
6.
on
special
8. Tim Haskins has now retired from politics and has been replaced by John Underside as the local candidate. Few
people voted for Haskins in the recent election.
9.
Tom Wood knows a considerable amount about pyffmies. He lived among them for a year.
11. The Mayor stood up to deliver his speech. After his there was a cocktail par$.
speech
12. This vast lake is in a remote part of the country. Its depth has
not
yet
been measured.
14.
large sausage.
in
rX:
He has
am
having
L think
What
Spielberg's latest film?
you
of
you
Stephen
You're day-dreaming.
What
about?
expect
- America. an important phone call from Could you tell me when it comes?
you're bored sitting here. Shall we go to the
cinema?
appear
He to understand what you say to him, but when you ask him a question, he isn't so sure.
smell
Something cooking?
good
you
in the kitchen.
What's
gone ofI?
5.
weigh
to
yourself?
decide
Why
you
see
I
She
7.
have
He &
look
It as if it's going to rain. What are you doing on your hands and knees?
you
for something?
9.
guess
You
IIt
PREPOSITIONS
1. 2. 3.
I was
delighted
annoyed
little things
upset
Indian food.
fond
9.
1O.
They looked
The man we intewiewed for the job was quite intelligent but we weren't very happy his appearance.
IV.
Fill in each blank \Mith the correct form of one of the phrasal verbs from the list below.
catch on catch up with live on
live through live up to 1. When the authorities finally spent all the money.
2.
A:
B:
How much do the Johnsons get each month from welfare? They
3.
A
B:
my expectations.
4.
X.
B:
5.
6. I had first thought the play would become very popular among teenagers, but it seems that it hasn't very well.
7.
N
B:
it.
T'NIT 2 A
1.
to modiff verbs: She sang beautifully. I did badly in the exam. to modi$r adjectives: I'm tg@-tired. The exam was surprisingllr easy. to modi.$ other adverbs: He spoke incredibly quicklY. She speaks English perfectll'z well. to modify a whole sentence: Actually, I can't come. Strangellz enough, I won first prize.
before past participles: The meeting was badly organized.
2.
3. 4.
5.
hard
and
hardly
(= almost not)
He works hard.
Jill was unfriendly at the party last night. She hardly spoke to me.
late
and
lately
(= recently)
wide and
widely (-
high
and
highly
(= very
much)
She is
highly paid.
just
He has
He was
and justly
(=
j6t
arrived.
close and
Come close. I want to tell you something. She's closely related to us.
IO
kercises:
a) Adjective or adverb? Circle the corect form: 1. There is a (slight/slightly) difference between the original and the reproduction of that painting but only an expert can tell.
2. Most wild animals fight (hard/hardly) when they are attacked. 3. My brother is a (high/highly) paid engineer.
4. After choosing which college to attend, she felt (good/well) about her
decision.
5. The area before the explorers was (vast/vastly) and covered with
flowers.
ill in hospital.
10. Bill's such a (friend/friendly) young man that everybody likes him.
11. The play we saw last night was very (professional /professionally)
acted.
15. The accident we had last night wasn't very (serious/seriously). The car was only (slight/slight$ damaged. 16. The children are (normal/normally) very lively but today they are (unusual/ unusually) quiet.
11
t7. Dawson works (real/really) slowly, so you need to be patient to work with him.
18. 19.
I don't read newspapers any more because there's(hard/hardly) any cheerful news in them.
2r. Journalists should be (certain/certainly) of the facts before they have them printed.
22. EVerybody at the party was very (colorful/colorfully) dressed.
lot of things went (wrong/wrongly) during our holiday because it was (bad/badly) planned.
25. The (new/newly) opened shopping centre will (eventual/ eventually) provide emplo5rment for 16.000 people.
L2
She spoke (first/firstly), however, "'Would you like my seat?" she asked (sweet/sweetly). "You look rather (faint/faintly)". That was the day on which I realised (sudden/suddenly) that I was getting middle-aged!
a moment.
"Please sir," she
said
made a sketch for her very fast. But she didn't like it and shook her head, "Do it again" she commanded. I (slow/slowly) drew a
picture of a box. 'Your sheep is (deep/deeply) inside," I explained, intending to be (humorous/humorously). To my surprise, the girl looked (high/highly) satisfied. She thanked me (warm/warmly) and said I had done (exact/exactly) what she had wanted. After the child's departure, I discovered that I was feeling quite (good/ well) again, the world no longer appeared (horrible/horribly).
13
(stood/were
2. 3. 4. 5. 7. 8. 9.
10. 11. 12.
A magnificent oak tree (stood/was standin$ in the middle of the garden. I (studied/was studyrn$ politics at universrty. He (studied/was studying) the effects of radiation when he
suddenly died. When I woke up this morning it (rained/was raining.)
good.
A: What (did you do/were you doing) \Mith that electric drill?
B: I put it back in its box in the tool cupboard. The poor chap (died/was dying): all we could do was comfort him. The poor chap (died/was dyin) early next morning.
L4
Last year I
(go) to Greece for my holidays. I (decide) to fly because it is much quicker than
going overland. On the morning I left London, it (step) off the plane in Greece, it (rain), but when I (shine), and a cool was a beautiful day. The sun (take) a (blow) from the sea. I wind (sign; the register, taxi to my hotel. As I (tap; me on the shoulder. I someone (turn) round. It was a friend I hadn't seen for ten years. He (stay) at the.same hotel.
(go) for a walk. The town was still That evening we (sell) souvenirs, and the very busy. Street traders (try) to bring down the price \Mith foreign tourists (listen) to their the aid of a Greek phrase book. We chatter for a while, then returned to our hotel.
lt
a) Replace the verbs in these sentences with phrasal verbs made up of the verb 'put' and one of the following:
up with
Ex:
a)
b)
1.
b)
15
2.
b)
every month so
b)
4.
b)
5.
b)
6.
b)
7.
The latecomerswere given rooms in a small hotel, about 25 kilometers outside the city.
8.
16
TJNIT 3 A
u)
1.
I'm exhausted. I
(not finish) yet.
(work) all day, and I (visit) many countries in the last five years.
(take) my books. I (look) for
2. I 3. Someone 4. 5.
I
(not
(not see) anything I liked. The best book I ever One Hundred Years of Solitude by Gabriel Marquez.
6. A: You're filthy!
(do)?
What
you
B:
7.
b) Put the giving verb in the corect tense. Choose from the Present Perfect Simple/Continuous, or Present Simple/Continuous. Ex: I have been learning (learn) Italian for the past three years, but there's still a lot I don't understand (not understand)
1. A
It
(rain).
B: Oh, no.
(not bring) my umbrella. (know) everything about roses. Girow) them for 35 years. Now he
2.
My uncle
He
3.r
hour, but I'm afraid I word.
'
t7
c) Put the verbs in this dialogue in the correct tense. Use Present Perfect simple/continuous or Present Simple/continuous.
Ex
A
B:
I've been learning (learn) Italian for three years, but I still don't understand (not understand) very much.
A
B
hours. Is it
difiicult letter?
Yes. I
(decide) to resign from my job.
You
B:
I do like it. But I (offer; passive) a better one, and I'm going to accept it. It's iir Brazil, and (want) to go to Brazil. I always (not like) living in cold climates. But
how
you
there? You
before.
That doesn't matter. Some friends o[ mine there at the moment. They'll look after me.
You're very luclry, really. I for months. I
two jobs in a week.
(try) to find a job (be) to endless interrriews, and (turn down; passive) each time, but you got
Well, obviously you (apply) for the wrong kind ofjob. ,Don't woryr. You'll find one soon.
A:
(hope ) so.
18
MODAIS
,@-,
The forms may be positive or negative. get married when you are 16.
2.
Women
forgotten my key.
3. Last night I 4.
phoned the Gas Board because I thought I gas, which is very dangerous.
you , please?
smell
I make an appointment to
6. I'm learning car mechanics because I want to service my own car. It costs a fortune if you send it to the garage.
7. Many night animals highly A9y=e-!9n sense of smell.
see very well,
8. If you
19
IIt
Plural expressions with numbers are found in the singular when they are used as adjectives.
Rewrite the following as in the example:
Ex:
4.
20
TY.
PREFOSTIIONIS
a) Complete the sentences using one of the following words with the correct preposition
rety pay depend
listen
concentrate disapprove
apolog?e complain
Ex:
1.
When she realized that she had taken the wrong umbrella, she immediately apologized for her mistake. Don't try to do too much at once. at a time.
termis tomorroul? the weather.
one thing
3. 4. 6. 7.
You must
He's always
it? it.
Ex:
A football team
consists of l1
players.
1. She was described the best player on the team. 2. Our neighbours complained _ us
noise we made last night.
the
3. 4.
depends
You were very rude to Tom. Don't you think you should apologize _ him what you've said?
2r
5. I don't approve
persuade him
concentrate
7. 8. 9.
Don't listen
me if
you
11. Do you see that girl over there? Does she remind you L2. Remind me
forget otherwise. the meeting tomorrow night. I'm sure to
22
TJNITS 1A.3A
(a-J)
3.
put
a) away when he's finished using them. b) up for a night or two. c) aside each week for my holiday. d) off from Saturday to the following Monday. e) off starting my own business. 0 up with you later. d out before too much damage was done. h) through to the General Director. i) on such a small salary. j) up with it.
23
MISCEIJANDOUS E,I(ERCISES
(6)
(live) there happily since (think) it's a lovely place. Martin's (visit) them twice so far. They like
hearing their son speaking Italian. They (9) fiust/apply) to work for an Italian company, in Sicily. They (10) (be able) to do that if they can get permission
from the Italian government.
1.
a) Sheila to marr5r D to marryr Sheila c) if Sheila had married d) to Sheila if she would marry
a) b) c) d)
more beautiful houses I've ever most beautiful houses I've never more beautiful houses I've never most beautiful houses I've ever 4. a) good work
b) well work c) goodjob
d) well
2.
a) such
b) so
c) a such d) aso
job
24
5.
a) enough rich
6. a) who he owns
b)
b) rich enough
who owns
c) owns it
d) who owns
it
a) areed
8. a) for buying
b) for to buy c) that you buy
b) argued
c) admitted
d) promised
9.
d) to buy
1O.a) there
c) I have offered
b) them c) these d) it
a) about
c) with
d)\f
having bad
d) to
2. Elizabeth has been complaining headaches, but she won't Eo to the doctor.
a)
about
is extremely
b) of
c) from
3. He
a) upset
attracted
d) fond
4. He went
a) make
some research on
d) resist
5OO
pounds ayeafl
d) catch up with
a) live on
b)catch on c) live
through
25
in
brackets
(listen) to it.
2. She
3. A knife is an object that is used for 4. As soon as I know about it. 5. I can't answer your question now. about it:
Mark the best choice.
Three weeks ago I
let you
(think)
me and she said she would. A few 2 seen, days later, she saw her dream house. It's one of the 3 lovely countryside that I Sheila said. It was in the middle of 4 had to admit I liked it, too. "Sheila", I said, " I've got quite a but I'm not 5 to buy a house like that". "'Well, we can ask how much he wants for it," she said. The the man 6 more we 7 , the more determined she became. So we went to see the owner. "I'm afraid you've come too late I 3O,OOO pounds for it and I've already the house," he said accepted it.' Sheila was a bit disappointed but she said, "Never mind, Gary. There must be a lot of nice houses round here." That's right," I But first we'll go to a 10 said, "and we'll go and look at building society and ask for advice."
asked
4. a) whose father b) that his father c) where his father d) who is his father
27
TINIT 4 A
MODAI.S
Put an appropriate modal of obligation IES!, have to, had to, should need to, should .in its corect form into each gap. The forms used may be positive, negaUve, simple or gerund (in$ forms.
1. 2. 3. 4.
lot of
get up early. 5. I like Saturdays because I 6. A W.hy have you got so much money on you?
You
keep
it in the bank.
pay my employees. remember to
7.
8. 9.
It's my mother's birthday next week. I buy her a present and a card.
No one likes
work at weekends.
You come with me if you don't want going on my owrr. You stay here if you like.
I always
L2.
You
touch electrical appliances if you've got wet hands. You could kill yourself.
do a day's
28
IL
PARTICIPT.ES
Ex
First they found a hotel. Then, they looked for somewhere to have dinner.
1.
2.
in a bad
3.
The criminal removed all traces of his crime. He left the building.
4.
He had spent all his money. He decided to go home and ask his father for a job.
5.
He escaped from prison. He looked for a place where he could get food.
6.
She didn't want to hear the story again. She had heard it all before.
7.
They found the money. They began quarreling about how to divide it.
8.
We visited the
park.
29
9.
it.
10.
b) Study the examples and rewrite the other sentences replacing the underlined part \Mith a suitable participle.
2. 3.
After/When she had done all her shopping, she went home.
Having done all her shopping, she went home.
While
he
4. 5. 6.
7. 8.
contact him.
9.
30
13.
14. Jill
15. John got high grades on his exams, which made his parents
happy.
2.
parents.
3. The 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
(study) in London.
A few days after the interview I received a letter (offer) me the job. The child woke up because he had a very
The man slipped
(terrify)
and
("ry)
(frighten) dream.
(get) off the bus.
long
(last).
31
d) Use each of the following phrases once only to complete the sentences below :
bitterly disappointed
officially authorised colorfully illustrate d
recenfly engaged
freshty made
happily married
widely known
1. It's a
than the
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
I'm
in
man. I don't want to get involved a anything that could upset my maria$e.
program caused a lot of confusion. apple pie. Let's go in
workers will It's a fact that reward production kind of to work not increase without some harder.
holidaymakers complained Thousands of when they heard their flights had been cancelled.
Ex:
1.
He
2. 3.
habit of eating
32
4. 5.
that
It was
a very (embarrassing/embarrassed )
situation. I wished
my
progress.
You look (confusing/confused). Haven't you understood what I'm talking about?
8.
be
9.
My exam results were rather (disappointin8/disappointed). I've got to retake the exams in September.
seen a wonderful film about life in space. The special (amazed/ arrrazur$l were effects
I've
10.
just
IIt
Fill
in
below.
get (a)round 1. A: How will you survive when you are unemployed?
B: We'II have to
on my unemployment chec^,.
3. The news
visitors at the exhibition.
33
4.
5.
Why don't the baby's parents scold her when she plays with her it. They don't care. food? They let her
The telephone communication system heavy rainfall and floods. due to the
6.
the police
7. A fire 8.
The audience were aware of what the speaker they started to leave the conference hall. The police
I'11
was
, so
9.
10. 11. L2.
probably
never
I was under
enorrnous pressure for about 2 years before I and was put under medical treatment.
13. After my father died, loneliness really started to my mother and she came to live with me. 14. I hope I'll be able to
theatre.
his
message
. Everyone
TINIT 5 A
COI\IDITIONNS A" PROVTDED /PROVTDING (TrrAT), AS/SO rpNG AS a) Rewrite using the given expression.
1.
3. 4. 5.
off.
The police will leave you alone unless you cause trouble.
(providing)
We'll end the meeting now unless you have any questions.
(provided)
1. A
B:
How can I lose 20 pounds? Well. ]rou can't lose rveight unless you go on a diet exercise everv dav.
an{
2.
3. A
B:
How can I open a bank account? How can I learn a new langua$e? How can I get into a good university?
4. A
B:
5. A
B:
35
b) Rewrite using
UNLESS:
l. 2. 3. 4.
Joe can hear only if you shout. Joe can't hear unless you shout. You can't go abroad if you don't have a passport. You are allowed
5.
that
case.
6. 7. 8.
Don't tell Ann what I said if she doesn't ask you. I'm going to the party only if you go too.
She must apologise to me or I won't forgive her.
c)
car unless/as Long as you drive carefully. 2. I'm playing tennis tomorrow unLess/proutding it gets cold. 3. We're having a picnic tomorrow unless/prouided it's not
You can use my
l.
raining.
4. You can smoke in here unless / as long window open to let the smoke out.
as
you leave a
5. George doesn't trust anyone. He won't lend you any money unless / as Long as you promise in writing to pay him back. 6. The children can stay here unless / prouidtng they don't make any noise.
IL
corrcEssroN
A. Although / In spite of, I Despite / EYen though a) Study the examples and rewrite the following using the given
words.
It rained
a lot
In spite of
Despite
A.lthough
1. Although
Despite
2.
3. I decided to accept
In spite of
4. 5.
Despite
37
b)
1. He looked
2.
Compact discs are expensive, but lots of people are buying them. Her parents objected, but she still insisted on getting ma:ried. Beethoven was deaf, but he continued composing until his death.
The acoustics in the hall are poor, but it is concerts.
'We've known each other for a long time,
3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
each other
by our surnames.
8. 9.
10.
38
B. In Splte of /
Because
of
a) b)
an
appropriate &
of or 'in spite of
1. The weather was cold 2. He was ill ... 3. There's a meat shortage 4. His book was successful 5. There was ice on the roads 6. The cost of living in Britain is high 7. There were large crowds 8. He has a foreign accent 9. The house was in bad condition
.
a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i)
39
C. IN CASE
I don't want to go out tonight IN CASE Jane phones. (= because it is possible that she will phone)
I gave him my address IN CASE he came to london. (- because it was possible that he would come to London one dry)
a)
1.
I'm going for a walk. Perhaps I'11want to take photographs so I'll take my camera with me.
Perhaps you won't be able to find our house so I'll draw a map for you.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
It was possible that they hadn't received my first letter, so I wrote them a second one.
I'll take your letter with me. I'm not sure but I might see Ann.
Please write down the name of the
My parents might be worried so I'd better give them a phone call. It was possible that they hadn't heard the bell so I rang the bell again.
You might have an accident so you should wear a crash helmet when you ride a motorbike.
b)
1. 2. 3. N
4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
case
Take an extra roll of film on holiday with you in case Take a book with you to the doctor's in case
Tell your parents where you are going in case
10. Book
c) Study the examples and fill in the blanks with IN CASE or IF.
We'll buy some more food if Tom comes. (= Perhaps Tom will come. We'll buy more food lf he comes. If he doesn't come, we won't buy any.) We'll buy some more food IN CASE Tom comes. (= Perhaps Tom will come but we'llbuy some more food no\M whether he comes or not. Then we'll already have the food if he comes.)
sometime.
you corne,
put a Wet Paint notice next to it someone doesn't realise the paint is still wet.
I'11
We have fitted the house with a burglar alarm somebody tries to break in.
4l
6. 7. 8. 9.
bag
I was advised I needed medical treatment while I was on holiday abroad. Dry your hands before you do electrical get an electric shock.
repairs
you
Fill in each blank with an appropriate item from the list below. One of them will be used twice.
and
2. The old man prefers going almost ever5rwhere because he thinks it will be good exercise for him. 3. Two bombs were by someone in the crowd. 4. As soon as the effect of the aspirin she started to
suffer great pain.
was he he
he lit a cigarette.
6,Soonerorlater,thesolesofyourexpensiveshoes\Mi11-.
7. After resigning from the company, his own business. to establish
he story
of his
9. Before
they
sure a1l the bookings had been confirmed. 10. Keep all medicine of children. 11. He has to find a place to live before the cold weather
12. A monument
was
T'NIT 6 A
FI,JTURE TEI\ISE
a)
1. A B:
It
it
get a
2. A: Why did you buy a house in such terrible condition? modernize it from top B: It was cheap. We make it into a restaurant. to bottom, and we
What do you think of our plans?
your party
be. we
B: I completely
her I
forgot! I
5. A:
B:
yet.
We
43
6.
b) Corecting mistakes in future forms In the following dialogues approximately half of the future forms are wrong. Find the mistakes and correct them. Sometimes more than one form is possible.
Ex: A What are you doing this weekend? B: Nothing. I stay at home. Nothing.
1. A I'm terribly sorr5r!
stain.
B: Don't worry.
A Have you got a job in Spain? B: No. I'll go back to university. I have to finish
final year.
my
4. A:
5. A:
Have you decided what you'Il do if you don't get the job?
A Hello, Henry. How are you? B: Fine. And you? A Not so bad, thanks. Listen I'm ringing to try to arrange a meeting with you. (I'11 be coming/I'm coming/I come) to
London next Wednesday to see some customers. ( I'm going to
see
/I'll see/I'm
you/are you going to be ) free any time in the afternoon? B: (I won't be/I'm not/I' m not going to be) in Iondon, I'm afraid.
( I'm/I'm going/
business.
I'11
(witl
open/is opening ) a new office there next year. Mmm. Sounds exciting. When (do you go/are you going/will
you go)?
Oh, well. I could stay overnight and see you then. What time
(is your plane getting/does your plane
in?
1O:40, so
12:OO.
B:
see/I'll be seeing/I'm going to see) you at the airport. We can talk there. (We finish/ we're finishing/we'll have finished) by 2:OO, probably, so then we can have something to eat and I can get the 3:OO shuttle back to Manchester. How does that sound? Fine. We'll sort it all out then. Thanks for ringing. Bye.
Cheerio. ( see you/I'll be seeing you/I'll see you ) on Thursday.
Have a good trip.
d) Degrees of certainty about the future Put the verb in brackets in the correct tense. Choose from the
following forms.
will
might may could won't
do be doing
3. A
Ihopewe
drop in tonight.
5. A: I've invited Jane to the party on Saturday. B: She (not come). She hates parties. 6. A I've bought ten kilos of cheese for the party. B: That's rather a lot, isn't it? They
like) cheese.
(not
B:
(delay-passive). The
8.
9. I don't know why I bother with my girlfriend. I know (happen) tonight. I exactly what
round to her house to pick her up, she (have) a bath or (do) her hair (have to) wait three hours as always, and I for her to get ready. 10. I have nothing to wear for this party. All I've got is this old (wear) something black dress, and Suzy
(go)
spectacular, as usual.
Ex:
8:OO-8:5
12:OO-1:OO
1:OO-3:OO
Discussion of import-export needs of the two countries: president, prime minister, and ministers of trade
Meeting with television and newspaper reporters: president and prime minister Rest period in hotel
Get ready for formal dinner at 7:3O 47
1.
2. With whom will he be meeting at 9:OO? 3. By 1O:OO what will the president and prime minister already
have done? (give two actions).
on
5. 6.
11:OO?
will
or five actions).
7. 8. 9.
1:OO
to
3:OO?
ready to go to dinnet'?
12.
Before the day is over, how many meetings will the president have had?
48
PHRASI\L VERBS (Lt, Cut) Put a suitable phrasal verb from the list below in each blank.
let down
let in let off
cut across
let out
1. He will have to of hts clothes.
eating because he can't fit into any
2. Tbejudge
had never stolen before.
the thief
easy because
will not
4. That patient has a broken arrn so all his food is for him. me 5. I'm sure my friends wouldn't situation because they know I rely on them.
in such a bad
because of
6. Economic aid to that country has been its aggressive attitude towards other nations.
7. I can't stand the way the secretary constantly our administrative meetings.
8. We are planning to
during
9. My boots have holes in the soles so they need to buy a new pair.
10. He was life during the riots.
water. I
49
a) Match the most suitable ending (a-m) with the beginning (1-13)
1.
2. Pat was able to buy a new car by cutting 3. All of her money was invested in setting 4. The electricity was suddenly cut 5. Mrs. Jones carefully cut 6. The explorers set 7. Teachers do not always let 8. After she loaded her car, she set 9. The factory fire set
10. After a change in management, new rules were set 11. In late October cold, rainy weather usually set 12. After Billy said he was sorry, his mother let him go 13. The screaming man cu
a) out to play with his friends. b) off an explosion which destroyed everything in the warehouse. c) in late students who come after the door is closed. d) down the mountain by rope. e) in the line while we were all waiting for our tickets. 0 in for the next two to three months. g) down in a new employer's handbook. h) off during the bad wind storm. i) down on his entertainment expenses. j) up a new business to produce farming equipment. k) up the pie into equal pieces. 1) o{f on her holiday.
rrr) out to find the hidden city.
5(,,
b) Complete the following sentences choosing the correct expression from the following list. Do not forget to use them in the correct
form. get down
get by
1. If you lend him your book, he'll lend it to someone else and you'll
never
2.
it
through the After the robbery last night the thieves garden. They my grandmother's silver tea set and
all my Beatles records.
3.
her
She
4.
Complete the following sentences choosing the correct expression from the following list.
set out
set up
to
rLln.
2.
Since his article was too long, the teacher asked John to
it
3. 4.
and_
the dog
to train
it will
be
newly-hired next
5.
She apologized for shouting at the policeman, so the judge her _ with just a $ fO fine.
5t
MIS@,III\NEOUS E)@RCISES
a) Rewrite the following sentences using the given words and without changing the meaning:
1.
only
...
but
also)
2.
3.
Although the weather was terrible, they travelled 53O Isn. to have a ski-holiday.
(in spite ofl
4.
If
6. 7. 8. 9.
Being ocposed
52
1O.
11.
Having
b)
control
b)
sight
reach
d) doors
2. If she were
change her mind. a)
awake is
b)
accused
c)
aware
d) confessed
3. John
a) b) c) d)
4. This perfume is
really
it still smells
good.
53
TTNIT
IB
1.
admit excuse * appreciate explain *fancy avoid * celebrate finish * consider forgive * delay give up can't help deny * detest *imagine * dislike involve * endure keep * enj oy mention *mind escape
VERB + V.ING
miss
pardon
* postpone
practise
put off
* prevent * resent
resist
risk
suggest
* *
job?
VERB+ OBIDCT+V-ING
* The asterisked verbs often take objects as in the following:
B.
brworking
16 hours a day.
This lorife is only for cutting bread. What are the advantages of living in the city?
She went to work in spite of feeling ill.
How What about sending them a card? As well as getting on everybody's nen/es, he's got a habit borowing money and forgetting to pay it back.
The model was so detailed that it was
spaceship.
or[
responsible for
soryr for
sure of
tired of
(be) used to
I'm quite fond of living in a big city. I'm used to working hard.
55
feel like
dream of decide on /
against
job.
forgive prevent
They
for
.. (from)
I congratulate ]rou on passing the exam. Please forgive me for not writing to you What orevented him from coming to the wedding?
The police stopped everyone (from) leaving the building.
by
Gerunds.
think this book is worth reading? You'll have no difficulty (in) passing the exam. It's a waste of time /monelz going there.
Do you She soends/wastes a lot of time day-dreaming.
I[
a) Past Perfect Slmple & Continuous Underline the corect verb form.
Ex:
readin$ the report. My eyes ached because I (had read/had been reading )for
playng) in the garden, and they were covered in mud. I was very nervous at the beginning of the match. I (had never played / h,ad never been plairng ) with her before, and I dldn't know how good she was. Donald excelled himself as a cook. He (had cooked / had been cooking ) a wonderful Spanish dish. Donald was very cross. (He had worked / had been working ) ln the kitchen all morning, and no-one (had offered /had been offering) to help.
4.
5.
6.
started
we arriued
(arrive).
1.
2.
After
(go)
they
for a drink.
(arrive) at her house, her mother
(EIo)
3. When I
she 4. My brother
told me that
(get) home.
out.
5.
she in
(award) an
(be) only sixteen.
6. When
1603, she
57
7.
nothing
police I
9. Henry
his house
10. He
to tind that
accident
hreak) into.
(refuse)
(be) his fault.
in
du al
me.
Go).
fast. TWo miles further down the road I and smoke rising. That crazy driver
roundabout. He you
he's all right. When you
free the lorry
yet? I think
(try) to
driver. I could smell alcohol on his breath. I think he _ (break) one of his legs, but
(drink). He
apart from that he's not too bad.
58
VERBS OF PERCEPTION
Write the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Say if you think both forms are possible. 1. Can you smell something burning? (burn) 2. I've never seen him dance/dancing (dance) 3. Nobody saw the two cars collide. (collide) (sit) on the balcony 4. I could see a man (get) up and (read) a newspaper. Then I saw him (go) indoors. (slither) 5. I turned round and saw a snake slowly towards me. (come) fast along the main road. 6. I could hear a car (brake) hard. I heard the driver (break) a window in the 7. I thought I heard someone next room. (explode), and felt the whole B. I heard the bomb
(shake).
was a fire in our street yesterday morning. I woke up early. (pour) I pulled the curtains and suddenly saw smoke
out of the house opposite. Then I heard the fire (ring) their bells and saw the first one engines (turn) the corner and (stop) outside the (stand) at the burning house. I saw a woman (open) the window upstairs window. I watched her
and could see her
(wave) at the
I (come) from the (arrive) and smell the smoke (carry) a large burning house. Then I saw the firemen (get) ready to catch blanket into the front garden and (shout) the woman. Then I heard the chief fireman 'Jump'. For a long time I watched the woman
opened my bedroom window,
(hesitate) before she decided to"jump. When she landed safely, I (shout) 'Hurray'. heard the firemen and the neighbours
59
TY.
ARTICI.ES
a)
b) with
c)
e)
= =
BUT:
few
apples
little water
(The indefinite article can norrnally only be used with singular countable nouns. Indefinite reference with plural or uncountable nouns is indicated by zero article .)
B.
it
has
already been mentioned, or when the reference is obvious. Then fill in the form, and send it off at once. He turned on the lights. Pass the sugar.
60
b)
c)
d)
before singular nouns to represent a class of things. The typewriter was invented in 1829.
before superlatives, and ordinal numbers.
the oldest man, the first president, the third of June BUT: First, let me welcome you.
e)
0 d
C.
and abstract nouns when they are used in a general sense. (Compare definite article b.)
b)
c)
in emphatic expressions with what/such before mass nouns & plural count nouns What beautiful shoes! She has such pretty hair.
before the names of languages and subjects.
d)
e) in certain idiomatic phrases, e.g. (prisoner) prison (patient) hospital (pupil) He went to school (student) University (tired Person) bed
BUT:
He visited the hospital.
her suitcase
bus car tube boat
on the bed.
I came by
train
plane
It happened at
breakfast
lunch
kt's
have
tea
supper dinner
Exercises:
FiIl in the blanks with the definite or indefinite article, if necessary. neighbours have j ust bought themselves 1.
new car. lovely weather! 2. What television? 3. Could you turn on 4. In my opinion, Penicillin is most useful medicine ever invented by uniforms at 5. We had to wear
man. school
I went to.
6. 7.
62
I've been
8. At 9.
It's
he's
actor.
lovely house but did you see how small kitchen was? How can anyone cook in such
small kitchen.
1O.
John
is
V.
Fill in each blank with the correct preposition. 1. Bringing children is not as easy as some people think it
is.
the child
in
me.
by car exhaust fumes is one of 3. The smog brought main contributors to pollution. 4. Although the team were playing their third game that day, they
managed to bring it
a three-shift system in order 5. The firm has just brought to increase production. 6. After the operation, it took the doctors a long time to bring the patient
63
TINIT 28
rNFrNrTrvEs (sTIrDY
GITTDE)
A
1.
'to'
afford
agree
appear
determine * expect
fail
forget
* choose * dare
VERB
learn like love manage mean neglect offer prefer * prepare pretend * promise
start
swear
II\IFINTTIVE
I want to leave now. We can't afford to buy a new car. Hope to see you soon. He decided to go away this weekend.
Tom offered to lend me some money. I wouldn't dare to speak to him now. *The asterisked verbs can be used with or without an object before the infinitive.
the
INFII\IITIVE
encourage order
warn
3. After certain verbs it's possible to use a question word with the infinitive.
ask
decide
forget
know
explain
remember
I don't know who to invite. Can you tell me how to get to the station? Show us what to do.
Ask him where to park the car. Did you find out when to pay?
65
by
It is_rmpossible to invite everybody to the party. It was kind of her to help us. My mother's getting too old to travel.
Would you be kind enough to open a window?
C. We can use TO, IN ORDER TO or SO AS
TO to refer to purpose.
I 2.
The teacher made the boys stay in after school. HELP is followed by an infinitive with or without 'to'. Mother helned me (to) do my homework.
a) Gerund or Infinitive? Underline the correct form. 1. I'm planning (to flylflying) to Chicago next week.
2.
The Porters' house is too small. They're considering (to buy buyrng) a bigger house.
3. We discussed (to golgoin$ to Colorado for our vacation. 4. He happens (to belbein$ the best student in the class. 5. The Millers can't afford (to buy/buying) a car. 6. Tommy doesn't like green vegetables . He refuses (to eat/eating)
them.
66
7. 8. 9.
10.
Keep (to
talk/talking). I'm listening. Bob doesn't like his job. He's talking about (to getlgetting)
new one. You seem (to be/being) in a good mood today.
When you finish (to clean/cleaningl), can you help me in the kitchen.
we
hear/hearin$ me but I'm sure he did. We managed (to getlgetting) to the airport on time in spite of
strict.
It was cold and rainy yesterday, so we postponed (to visit/ visiting) the zoo.
we
my party. 18. Our neighbour threatened (to call / calling) the police if
17. Jack promised (to come/comin$ to
21. He denied (to give/giving) away the secret. 22. Hisjob involves (to work/working) all sorts of hours. 23. Mary admitted (to be/being) rude to the new girl.
25. Soon after (to take/takin$ off, the plane crashed. 26. I'm quite excited about (to start/startin$ the new project. 27. He left the room without anyone (to see/seein$ him.
28.I was really delighted (to getlgetting) your letter last week. 29. rt was careless of Jack (to leave /leaving) his apartment door
unlocked when he went on holiday.
3O. You
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
I don't want
My father said I could use his car. My father allowed
Bill invited
The driver of the car said it was true that he was drunk. The driver of the car admitted
you've made a mistake.
9. I think
1O.
You seem Could you turn down the radio, please? Would you mind
11. I was surprised
that it rained.
I didn't expect
12. "I
accident".
She advised
13. The
night guard told the police that he hadn't taken the files.
long
time.
It takes
68
16.
17. I
They appear
18. If you have got a car, you're able to travel around more easily.
By
24. Tom finds
Bill persuaded
27. Sally wanted to get my attention so she touched my shoulder. Sally touched my shoulder so as
28. A good restaurant is hard to find in this town.
It is
29. Jane is a very good cook.
Jane is good at
3O.
In spite of
69
IIt
INF'IMITTIESWTTTIOIJT'TO'
A) MAKE
/ LET
the meaning.
1.
2. 3. 4.
Their mother forced the children to drink milk every night but they didn't have to finish their meals.
For further exercises refer to 'Grammar Supplementary Material and Exercises'p. 265, exercise I.
b) WOULD RATHER
1.
WOULD RATHER DO Shall we go by train? Well, I'd rather go by car. (- I'd prefer to)
Do you want to go out this evening? I'd rather not.
I'd rather
2.
DID
SOMETHING.
I'd rather you cboked the dinner now. (= I want you to) I'd rather he didn't tell anyone what I said. (= I dont want him to
a)
1. Shall we play tennis? Well. I'd rather go for a swim. 2. Will you phone Tom? Well. I'd rather )zou phoned him. 3. Shall we watch TV? 4. Shall we leave now? 5. Will you do the washing-up? 6. Will you go to the bank? 7. Do you mind if I smoke?
70
8. 9.
b)
1. A B:
till
tomomor/'?
I'd rather
gslicl
(do)
it today.
2. A Can we open our presents nou? (not open) them until your father B: I'd rather_
gets home.
3. A
earffi B: Well, there's a lot of work to be done. I'd rather (stay) until 4 o'clock.
Do you mind I go home
if
(not
5. A Why don't you want me to go out with him? B: I don't think he's the right kind of boy foryou. I'd rather
(not go out) with him. That's all.
6. A
B:
(concentrate) her
7. A Don't you think you're being a bit old-fashioned? B: I'd rather_(not call) me that.
c) I{AD BETTER
Read each situation and write a sentence with FIAD BETTER
1.
You're going out for a walk with Tom. You think it might rain so you should take an umbrella. What do you say to Tom?
2.
Tom doesn't look very well. You don't think he should go to work today. What do you say to him?
7l
3. 4.
ill.
You and Tom are going to the theatre. You've just missed the bus. You think you should take taxi. What do you say to
Tom?
she'll wake up the people next door. What do you say to her?
6.
You and Ann are going to a restaurant for a meal. You think you should reserve a table in case the restaurant is crowded. What do you say to her? Tom has just cut himself. You think he should put a plaster on the cut. What do you say to him?
7. 8.
You are going to drive your car on holiday. You think you should have it serviced before you go. What do you say (to
yourselfl?
9.
You are by a river. It's a very warrn day and your friend suggests going for a swim. You don't think you should do this because the river looks very dirty. What do you say?
IIY.
DOI'BI,E COMPARATIVES Rewrite the following sentences in the same way as in the example given. Use the given words.
Ex
As I get older, I become more irritable. (older) The older I get. the more irritable I become.
1. As the game went on, the players became more exhausted (longer)
72
3. If you
go on eating so
(more)
V.
a) Fill in each blank with an appropriate phrasal verb from the list below. Put them in the correct tense.
look after look for look in look into look out look through look up look up to
get off
round to
$et through
1. The students did everything possible They certainly didn't want to do it.
to
work.
2. The administration will the applications and pick out the applicants that seem promising.
4. My mother is very old and can't live alone. She needs someone to
her.
5. I'm Tom. Have you seen him? 6. I fell asleep on the bus, so I had to a stop later than I had intended to. 7. -Ihe students you and admire you. you are an idol
for them.
8. The children
are
9.
10. 11. L2.
"
the shock.
toni$ht on my way
to you for over an hour. Where
trying
forward to for out after 1. Baby-sitters are people who 2. I wonder what 'scratch' means. I'll
dictionary.
uP
in the
3.
B:
4.
anywhere?
That box is going to fall on your head! meeting you for a long time.
5.
It's a great pleasure to meet you. I've heard a lot about you and
74
T'NIT 3 B t
ExPRESSTNG gUANTTTY & NUMBER
Ex
1.
that question.
Help yourself
to a biscuit.
2. 3.
My days are so busy that I don't have much time for reluration.
She's exceptionally generous. Hardly anyone gives more money
to charity
than
she does.
4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
much chance of
"I'm afraid you need three or four fillings," said the dentist.
He must have made a hundred clocks in his life, but only one or two of them have ever worked properly. She wasn't very hungry. She
75
b) Compare the following sentences. There are different ways of saying 'Uohn doesn't know the answer to the question, and Mary
doesn't, either."
Neither John nor Mary knows the answer to the question. Neither John nor the girls know the answer to the question.
Note that the verb is determined by the noun closest to it.
Now change each of the sentences below twice, using two alternative forms, as in the examples above.
1.
2. 3.
4. The Democratic
the
election and
5.
Neither Bob nor his fathelr has ever done a day's work in his whole life.
6. 7. 8.
Robin hasn't got any money and Angela hasn't either. Neither Robtn Neither she nor I care what you say. (Note the verb form.) She doesn't care what you say
76
Complete each sentence \ rlth a word/ phrase from the list below.
much many
a
lot
(o0
few a few
E:<:
weren't many
before.
1. It cost me money to furnish this house. time. 2. We'll have to hurry. We haven't got money. 3. He's got no financial problems. He's got words. English, only 4. He doesn't speak
5.
6.
'Yes,
but only
take
7.
Thts town lsn't very well-known and there isn't much to see, so tourists come here.
There
9. 10.
I can't believe you're still hungry. You've It's not a very lively town. There
had
to eat. to do.
isn't
Choose the appropriate words to complete these sentences about the British Isles and its languages.
both (...and)
In England, a person who measures 1.83 meters is said to be 6 feet (2)6 foot tall. A horse, however, is -(1)(3)-measured in in feet, like a person,(4)fingers, like whislcy: it is measured in hands.
In Scotland, (5)_ English (6)_ Scottish bank notesareused.Thereare(7)-ScottishcoinS,though. Three Scottish banks have the right to issue banknotes. (8)of the English banks (other than the Bank of
England) has that right. In Wales, although some people speak only Welsh, and others only English, many speak (9)English (1o)welsh. (l l)_ languages are taught in schools.
Northern Ireland (13)_ the southern part of Ireland (a republic known as Eire) are included in what is called Great Britain. Northern Ireland, however, is considered to be part of the United Kingdom. The traditional language of Ireland is Gaelic; another form of Gaelic is(14)_ spoken in parts of Scotland.
(12)_
NOI,'N CLI\USFS
1.
Noun clauses are used in the same way as single-word nouns, as the subject or the object of a sentence.
His house is beautiful. Where he lives is beautiful I don't know the answer. I don't know what the answer is.
2.
Subordinators like what, who, how, etc., whether introduce noun clauses.
Why she's angry hasn't worried me. What she said was excellent. I was worried about how sick he was. I'm sure (tha!) he'Il succeed. I don't know whether he'll be here on time(or not)
/ if, that
Exercises:
Rewrite the following with noun clauses as the subj ect or the object.
1.
2. 3.
We're doing something. It's not very easy. What we're doing is not very easlr. You said something to Mary at the party. It made her angry.
ago.
I've
78
4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
10.
I'm
saSringi
see it?
You want to go somewhere. Does everybody loeow it? They are going somewhere tonight. I'm not interested in it.
She dresses
She spends ail her money on clothes. The reason is not our business.
[t
'
A. Used to + Infinitive
1. This form (used to do/used to smoke etc.) is used to say that something regularly happened in the past but no longer
happens.
2.
There is no present form of 'used to'. It is always past. You cannot say 'I use to do'. For the present, use the present simple (I do). Compare the present and past.
PAST PRESENT
he used to smoke
we used to live
he smokes we live
there used to be
there is
3.
The normal question form is did ..... use to .....?: - Did you use to eat a lot of sweets when you were a child? The negative form is didn't use to ..... (or 'used not to') - Jack didn't use to go out very often until he met Jill.
B. BelGet Used to + Noun/Gerund 1. I'm used to something = it is not new or strange for me: - Frank lives alone. He doesn't mind this because he has lived alone for 15 years. So he is used to it. He is used to living
79
at first because I
- Our new flat is on a very busy street. I e:rpect we'll get used to lhg noise but at the moment we find it very disturbing. - Fred has a newjob. He has to get up much earlier -at 6.30. He finds this difficult at present because he isn't used to gettjng up so early.
2.
Notice that we say'She is used to driving on the left.' (not'she is used to drive'). In the expression the 'to' is a preposition 'be/get used to', not a part of the infinitive . So we say: - Frank is used to living alone. (not 'is used to live')
- Jane had to get used to driving on the
drive')
3.
Do not confuse I am used to doing (belget used to) with I used to do. They are different in structure and in meaninS.
I am used to (doing) something = Something isn't strange for me: - I am used to the weather in this country. - I am used to driving on the left because I've lived in Britain long time.
a
C. Exercise
with
1Jsed
to'
expressions:
Write the corect form: USED TO DO or BEIGET USED TO DOING 1. These days I usually stay in bed until late. But when I had (get) up early. ajob, I (wear) glasses. 2. It took me a long time to (be) very fit. Now he's in terrible 3. Bill condition. (drive) on the left when I moved to 4. I England. 5. In spite of the large audience,he wasn't nervous, because he (give) lectures. (go) swimming 6. When I was a child, I weryday. (eat) 7. You'll have to change your. habits and less if you want to lose weight. (run) fast. 8. Ron gets tired quickly because he
80
9.
Tom
school. Now he only drinks tea. 10. I 0ike) Ann but now she gets on my nerves. 11. There (be) a cinema on this corner but it was knocked down. 12. When he first came to London, he (wash) his own clothes because his mother had always done it for him. Finally he (tve) alone and now he (take) care of himself, like other young
bachelors.
13. when Jack went to the Middle East from England, he had great
difficulty because he 14. You'll have to
be a nurse.
15.
People
criticizcs her.
16. Julia couldn't (see) blood so she gave up herjob in the hospital. L7. Mr. Jenkins (drink) a lot when he was a young man. Luckily, he gave it up later. 18. Mary (run) a few kflometres every day but she hardly has any time forjogging now.
IV.
Rewrite the following sentences, substituting the verb come in the corect tense and the correct preposition for the underlined words : 1. I found this old diary quite by chance in my desk.
4. I don't know if this experiment will succeed, but it's worth trying.
5. A: How is the patient? B: Unfortunately, he is still unconscious.
B: yet.
81
V.
VERB + PREPOSITION
df Rewrite each sentence without changing its meaning. 1. I don't mind pop music but I prefer classical music.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
I prefer He has enemies but he has a bodyguard to protect him. his enemies. He has a bodyguard to protect I got all the information I needed from Tom. Tom provided I bought a pair of shoes this morning . They cost 4O pounds. This morning I spent There are three main parts of the skeleton; the skull, the spinal column and the limbs. The body consists There is very little difference between the original and the reproduction of the painting. Only an expert can distinguish You say good things about this company but I do not agree. I disagree
b) Fill in each blank with a suitable preposition. I. Nearly 1OO people have applied
2. 3. 4. 5.
calls for only 2O employees. Yesterday I heard John arguing my father who was going drive the car. The teacher had to complain the behaviour of her students the director of the school. No one believed us or what we were doing.
compared
words
CONSOLIDATION 1B - 38
ARTICX,ES
Each of the sentences on the right might logically follow one of those on the left. Find the connections and write the appropriate letter on the line before the member it goes with.
a) You'llgetusedto itonceyou
2. 3.
4.
get in. I don't like coffee. b) It's better for you, though. Ofl has gone up by 5 cents a barel. c) That's because it's imported.
The oil is
low. days?
6. The water isn't very hot. 7. Brown rice takes longer to cook
than white
rice. rice? it
8.
i) j)
lO.Yogurt's expensive
there.
Did you try it as a drink,. with water and a little salt It depends where you are and what you're doing,
sure\/.2
II.
TENSES
a) Present and Past tenses
Not all students of English are hardworking. What do you think the teacher and students actually said in this conversation? Use the Present Perfect, Past Simple or Past Perfect.
TEACHER
STUDENT
TEACHER
I 1)
And yours?
Sorry,
(leave)
it at home, sir.
(not have) time to do it. 83
STUDENT 2
sir. I 2)
TEACHER
STUDENT 3
TEACHER
r3)
And you?
STUDENT 4
TEACHER
| 4)
sir.
STUDENT 5
TEACHER
5)
MEHMET
TEACHER
r6)
Ali?
( lose)
my book.
ALI
someone
7)
TEACHER
ALI
TEACHER
I I
8) 9)
(lend)
my pencil to someone.
(lend ) it
ALI
to.
TEACHER
AHMET
what's your answer to the first question? (break) my I can't read it, sir. I (11)
glasses.
TEACHER
SERAP
(12)
TEACHER
STUDENT 6
(say) she (14)_ (leave) her homework on the (go) home to kitchen table. She (15)_ Yes, sir.
get it.
She (13)____
Perfect.
1. He he 2. Someone
(realise)
he
just after
he
4. 5. 6.
7.
that she
it
(be) a complete
materials
(arrive).
8. 9.
Someone
(had)
They
it for two months. (find) out about the changes the (plan) to make long before the official
(appear) in the press. . (leave) the supermarket she
(leave) her cheque-book behind.
When reporting statements or questions we often mention the way they were said or asked, or the intention behind them.
Ex:
you see Mrs. Anderson, don't forget to thank her," Mrs. Smith said to her son. (remind) Mrs. Smith reminded her son to thank Mrs. Anderson.
'nV\Ihen
Rewrite these sentences in the same way, using the words in italics.
1.
'"UVhy
(suggest)
85
2. 'You must come and have dinner with us," she said. (insist) 3. 'Would you like to he asked. (invite)
go
4. "If you want tickets for next week's show you'd better book now""
he said. (warn) 5. "If I were you, I'd go to the police immediately and tell them everything," she said. (advise)
AIdon'tblameyou1)-wantin$togiveupyourjob.But
youwouldn'tbeabletoconcentrate2)-yourpainting
if you were worried about money. B: You're right, of course. Thanks 3)_
(Bookseller to customer)
the advice.
A The complete set consists 4)_ twelve volumes. B: I'm not sure. It depends 5)_ the payments. A You needn't decide straight away; think 6)it.
b) Complete these questions with suitable prepositions.
1. Do you suffer migraine? 2. Do you ever worry money? 3. Do you spend a lot of time homework? 4. Do you approve heart transplants? 5. Do you often quarrel your relatives? 6. Do you believe ghosts? 7. Do you succeed everything you attempt?
86
8. Have you ever saved anyone dangef 9. Are you fairly independent, or do you rely a lot
other people?
V.
1. She was so angry me. 2. She said she was afraid dogs. 3. I felt really ashamed myself 4. After all, I was told to stay close him. 5. I was responsible _ him. 6. I just got tired sitting in that awful room. 7. The room was small and dark and full empty bottles
and dirty dishes.
8. I felt sorry him, when I heard about his accident. 9. I didn't think he would be capable doing anything. 10. Obviously, I was wrong him. 11. I still don't know how he was able get away. L2. I don't think I'm very good this kind of thing. 13. I'm sorrlr the fight we had.
87
Vt
PHRASALVERBS Choose a word or phrase (.-p) which could replace the underlined words. Write the letter after the sentence .
Ex:
a b c d e f g h I. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
able recovering admires blossom took care of be careful search for return
was finally
i j k I
m
appeared
n
p
o is
Look out! You're going to drop the plates. When all the flowers come out, the garden will look beautiful.
While I was painting the cellar, I came across this old vase. The police are looking into last week's robbery at the school.
She was very
in
hospital.
if she can
find a plane to Paris after 7 prr,. After the accident the injured boy didn't come to until after he was taken to the hospital. Sally looks up to her aunt because she's a very successful criminal lawyer.
10. Some new students always Aet on better than others. 11. My little brother gets out of washing dishes by crying and
saying he's tired.
L2. Gradually,
month's wages.
13. When there is no water, everyone comes up against the 14. 15. John plans to come back on Saturday.
problem of keeping themselves and their clothes clean. The moon suddenly came out from behind the clouds"
88
T,NIT 48
DXPRES}SING TIME
a) Complete the sentences using one of the time expressions or words in the box.
previously afterwards meanwhile
during
at first
until
while
before
AS
for
since
in last
rang he was in the bath. 2. Mary had a stomach-ache the night. 3. Everybody got up and left the film ended. 4. I haven't seen him we were in high school. 5. She told us she had lived in Paris. 6. The plane's arriving in an hour. , let's have a cup
1.
The phone
of tea.
7.
8. Why don't we go to the parlf , we can visit Lucy. 9. Just he was leaving the office, an important customer arrived.
10.
IVe been
jogging
two years.
I wasn't
able to run very far without getting tired, but my body got used to
it
89
or will continue
uP to future time.
In most countries, women were not permitted to vote until the twentieth century. He has to work until midnight. He will practise until he learns the song.
until or bv. the 7th of July. 1. I won't be coming to see you 2. Make sure that you have finished painting the house
next Wednesday. your stomach is flat. 3. Keep on doing exercises the time you got up. 4. I had finished my brealdast weigh-in tonight. 5. Make sure you have lost two pounds you have learned Some manners. 6. Don't come home the end of the month to PaY the rent 7. You have - month or else you're out. the end of the 8. Pay the rent
9. I'll be
that.
c) Use of tenses after certain conjunctions. oNotice that a future form is not used after these words: if, when, as soon as, until, before, after, and unless' . I'll tell you when I am ready. (not: when I \Mill be ready) Make sure you tidy up before the guests come. (not: will
come)
.present Perfect can be used to show that an action is completed before the next one begins. q. when you have read my book, could you give it back to me? of course, as soon as I've finished it, I'11 give it to you.
90
Exercises:
Put the verbs in brackets in the correct tense: Present Simple, Present
Perfect,
or Future
1.
I children
there
(be)
You
won't you?
you
(go) away,
k When B: When I
It
(be) late.
(take)
5. If you 6. I
7. I'm sure you
your medicine.
we
as
you _
(find)
(take)
8. We 9.
10.
You
will you?
(not forget) to lock the door if (not let) you go until you
you
(go) out,
(tetl) me the
MODALVERBS
a) Rewrite the following using the correct form of one of these: can't /couldn't, lgay / might (not). must.
1. I'm sure he's working. He mustbe usorktno. 2. Perhaps he's going to ask me. He might ask me 3. I'm sure he's not French. 4. Perhaps he was listening. 5. I'm sure she wasn't at work.
91
6. 7. 8. 9.
10. Perhaps he
was tired.
11. I'm sure she was feeling ill. 12. I'm sure the snow's melted. 13. I'm sure they haven't been waiting long. 14. I'm sure he took the receipt.
b) Write a sentence for each situation using the corect form of these
modals: should(n't)
needn't
2. 3. 4.
l,oeow
6.
7. 8.
I had a large dinner before going to the party because nobody told me food would be provided.
u2
c) Change the following into passive using the corect form of these modals: can't /couldn't. rr^a:r / might (not). should (not).
needn't, must.
2. 3. 4. 5.
Jack
Perhaps they'll send the letters soon. The letters
7. 8. 9.
I'm sure someone cleaned your room while you were away. Your room
Perhaps someone took your bag by mistake.
Your bag
I'm sure they haven't reported the accident to the police yet.
The accident
93
IIr
grrEsTroN TAGS
Here is how to make the question tag:
sentence. She comes from Spain. Make it negative/positive. She doesn't come from Spain. Invert the subject and the auxiliary. doesn't she? Add it to the original sentence. She comes from Spain,
Take the original doesn't she?
Now make tags of your own.
1. It's freezing, 2. We need some milk, 3. She bought one, 4. You've growrr, 5. We'd better take a taxi, 6. She always plays tennis 7. Be careful, 8. I'm so stupid, 9. Let's go out, 10. He never smiles,
on Sundays,
Look round the classroom for someone you do not know very well.
Make some guesses about them: whether they are married, what they
do for a living, and so
on.
gL
IY.
IN CASE & SO TIIAT 1. tn case We use ln case to talk about things we do in advance to help us there is a problem later.
if
Jan Little carried a stick ln case she met any wild animals. precautton she something unpleasant took in aduance or unu)elcome that might happen . We can use ln case + the simple present tense to talk about the future. q. "Take an umbrella so (that) you won't get wet" means the same as "Take an umbrella in case it rains".
o
eg.
We can use
ln case
in the past.
"She took an umbrella in case it rained" means the same as "She took an umbrella so (that) she wouldn't get wet."
2. so that
Jan
used rope and pteces oJ cloth to mark the tuag so tuouldtt't get Lost.
that
she
We use so that to show a first action is performed to prepare for and help achieve a second action. She prepared a map because she didn't want to get lost. She prepared a map so that she wouldn't get lost. She prepared a map in case she got lost.
Exercises:
Join the following sentences using either in case or so that. any changes that are necessary. 1. You should insure your house. You may have a fire.
Make
2.
The film star wore dark glasses. He didn't want anyone to recognize him.
95
3. 4.
broken in the post. You should always carry a jack and You may have a puncture.
5. Take this serum with you. There are snakes in the forest and
you might get bitten.
6.
7. 8.
The notices in the hotel are in seven languages. The manager wants everyone to understand them.
You had better take traveller's cheques. If they get stolen, you can get some new ones.
V.
PHRASALVERBS
Fill in each blank with (a) suitable preposition(s). 1. The probability of a nuclear weapon going
accident is slight.
by
2. We should go
any problems. 3. How long can you go sleep? gastric flu. 4. I was feeling tired and ill and finally went 5. I need to buy shoes to go my new red dress. 6. He went Guy's books to find something about Poland. 7. Last year over 2OOO competitors went the Olympic
Games.
go
doing so.
96
VL
PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES
1. I apologized on her toe. (step) Ann 2. I thanked Sam me fix my car. (help) him 3. His parents didn't approve
late. (stay)
out so
4.
Please forgive me
5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
My friend insisted
Please excuse me
late. (be)
In my old job I was bored I'm not very good I'm sure you're capable
the same thing everyday. (do) things. (repair) the exams. (pass)
keen
11. The police are responsible law and order. (maintain) 12. Let's go. I'm tired . (wait) 13. After a long time, we succeeded a flat. (find) 14. He's been talking for a new job. (look) 15. I wonder what prevented him to the party. (come) 16. I'm hungry. I'm looking forward dinner. (have) 17. I don't feel today. (study) 18. The man was suspected into a house. (break) 19. Have you ever been accused a crime? (commit)
TINIT 5 B
THE PASSTVE VOIC.E Write the corect form of the given verbs in the spaces provided. Probably the most successful of all artificial languages is Esperanto,
which
1)
(create)
2)
Esperanto
Indo-European root words. From these roots approximately 2O,OOO (form) by the addition of various affixes. words 3)
Today, several million people around the world 4)
(speak)
Esperanto
5)
as a
second language. Many books and journals (write) in it. Almost all international exhibitions use
(advertise) in foreign countries because
Esperanto
7)
6)
it
it.
The language
8)
INFINITM or GERLII\ID: SPECIAL CASES Some verbs can be followed by an infinitive or a gerund. Sometimes
there is little or no change in meaning: sometimes there is.
I. With
/ to work early in the morning. Personally, I prefer working / to work in the morning.
*Note the other uses with PREFER
Tom prefers driving to travelling by train Tom prefers to drive rather than travel by train.
I usually prefer drinking coffee without sugar but tonight I'd prefer to have some sugar.
98
/ to cry.
4. There are two possible structures after ADVISE, RECOMMEND, ALLOW, PERMIT, ENCOURAGE, although there is no meaning
dilference.
VERB + GERUND
We don't allow smoking in here.
at that hotel
VERB + ORIECT + INFINITWE We don't allow people to smoke in here. I wouldn't advise you to take the
car.
99
5.
REMEMBER, FORGET and REGRET the difference is connected with time. The gerund refers to the past; the infinitive refers to an action in the future (or to a 'future' action as seen from
the past).
with
Remember + gerund= Remember what one has done or what has happened.
I'11
t remember paymg the bill. (=I paid the bill and I remember the action.) Remember + infinitive = Remember what one has
/ had to do.
BiIl?
/ had to do.
Don't forget to give her my letter. I forgot to ask Tom. (=I didn't ask him)
C.
regret + gerund = be sorry for what has happened. I regret leaving the firm after 2O years. regret + infinitive
100
6. The infinitive and gerund have different meanings when used after
STOP, GO ON, TRY.
D.
/ is doing.
E.
Go on + gerund = continue what one has been doing. How long do you intend to go on plalring those terrible records? Go on + infinitive = change/ move on to something new
F.
trv + gerund = make an experiment/do something to see what will happen. I tried sending her flowers, but it didn't have any effect. Tr:v putting in some sugar that might make it taste better. try + infinitive = mak an effort/attempt to do something
difficult.
Please
try to understand!
I once tried to learn Japanese. 7. 'Ihe gerund after NEED is used in a passive sense.
NEED + GERUND : need to be done.
101
action.)
Exercises:
1.
a)
fry
2.
b) You really must try (overcome) your shyness. a) That's strange! I don't remember (lend) you any money. b) When you
see Tom, remember (give)
him my regards.
3. a) Does this job need (do) now or can I leave it until later?
b) I've got an extra bed, so when you come to stay, you won't need (btngl your sleeping bag.
4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
b) I'll never forget (visit) your old farm house. a) I don't need (come) to the meeting, do I? b) Do you think the grass needs (cut)?
a) We went on (talk) till after midnight. b) After approving the agenda, we went on (discuss) finance.
a) Mt. Thomas doesn't allow anyone (enter) his office without knocking first.
b) They don't allow (smoke) in the cinema. a) Where would you recommend me (go) for my holidays?
b) I don't recommend (eat) in that restaurant. The food's awful. a) Someone must have taken my bag. I remember (leave) it by
the window and now it's gone.
ro2
1O.
ago.
b) I don't regret
(te11)
1. Do you know trow to get to John's house? 2. Can you show me the washing machine? 3. Do you know if there's a fire in the buildingB 4. You'll never forget a birycle once you've learned it. 5. I was really astonished. I didn't know 6. Have you decided for your holidays? 7. I don't know to Tom's party or not. 8. Can someone show me the film in this camera?
103
Itr.
PASSIVE FORIIIS OF GERT'NDS AND INHNITIVES Note how we use tnftrritives and gerunds tn the passlve form.
like to mention ]rour uncle in your will? Would you like your uncle TO BE mentioned ln your will?
Would you
1.
2.
in this
104
- 9.
this
on time.
10. Susan attended several interviews before they offered her the job.
1.
play
a) I expect you
of your
injury.
b) 2.
bother
a) b)
customers.
3.
take
a) TheyVe b) They've
5.
add
105
c)
1.
discuss
a) b)
the matter.
2.
bother
a) b) 3. a) b) 4.
me.
I'm tired of
Can you imagine anyone Can you imagine him
beat
him?
talk
about.
IIAVE SOMETHING DONE A Intentional I had my house painted (= someone painted it for me) I'm going to have my car washed (= someone will wash it for B. Unintentional
rne)
I haCl_my watch stolen last week. (= My watch was stolen .. .. .. . ..) He had his nose broken in a fight (= His nose was broken.......... ) C. 'Get something done' is often possible instead of 'have something done' (mainly in informal spoken English). I think you should get your hair cut.
I &! my house painted. He got his nose broken in a fight.
106
E><ercises:
a)
Write down what you say at these places 1. At the opticians (test my eyes) I'ue come to haue mu eues
tested.
2. 3. 4. b)
At the dressmaker's (alter this skirt) At the tJping agency (tJpe this report) At the post office (register this parcel)
decorate, dry-clean, wash, serwice, repair. I. The house needs painting. I thtnk t'll haue it decorated
2. The plumbing leaks. 3. The car isn't runnin$ well. 4. My hair's too long. 5. This computer's out of date. 6. The car needs cleaning. 7. My suit's very dirty. 8. There's a hole in my shoe.
c) Complete the sentences usin$ the given words. 1. We are hauino the house painted (the house
moment.
2.
paint) at the
3.
the roof
rains started.
4. Tom fust / a telephone / install) in his flat. (that coat I alter)? 5. Why don't you . (itlcut). 6. Your hair is too long. I think you should (you / your car / service)? 7. How often 8. The engine in Tom's car couldn't be repaired, so he had to (a new engine / fit)
to7
9.
9o, /
your newspaper
/ deliver)
or do you go
to the newsagent's yourself to buy it? 10. A: What are those worlonen doing in your garden? B: Oh, I (a swimming pool / build).
11.
A Can I see those holiday photographs you took? B: I'm afraid not. I (not / the film /
yet.
develop)
12. Is
ago he
(his portrait
d) Rewrite the phrases in parentheses using 'have'. Last week colin's team went to play rugby against another team. They were tough players. In the first few minutes of the game, @ had his shrt tom (his shirt was torn). when he was lying on the ground, (his head was kicked). Colin was very
angry. He started a fight but (his nose was broken and two of his teeth were knocked out). He was taken to the changing room and found that (his wallet had been taken). 'what a terrible place!' he said. well, I suppose nothing worse can happen now'. He was wrong. while he was in hospital
(his car was stolen).
108
TTNIT 6 B
Answer the questions which follow each example. 1. I wish I had a milion pounds. A Is he talking about the past, present, or the future? B: Does he think he's likely to have a million pounds?
2.
I wish I
A B: Is her wish unlikely or impossible? a) We use wish + past simple when we want something in
the present to change or to be different. Such a change is either unlikely or impossible.
had blue eyes Is she talking about the past, present or future?
3.
A Did he wear gloves? B: How does he feel now? What do you think
him?
happened to
4.
A
B: C: D:
Is she talking about the present, the future or both? Does she really believe that he will stop? How does she feel about the situation? Can we use this construction to talk about ourselves?
5.
I wish the train would come. l'm freezing to death. A: Is he talking about the present, the near future or both?
c)
We normally use wish + would either when something is annoying us and we would like it to stop, or when we want sornething to happen sooner rather than later
r.09
6.
A
B:
Can he swim.
d)
Note: We can often use lf only instead of wlsh; e.g. If only I'd
worn gloves.
Exercises:
What might you say if you were the people in the following situations? Make sentences using one of the forms of wish we
have
just looked
at.
1.
Liz is unhappy because she has got a small flat. AIex has been trying to lose weight but his diet hasn't made any difference.
2.
3. 4. 5.
You work with someone who whistles horribly all day long.
night.
6.
but she
7.
Katie is sitting by the telephone. She is waiting impatiently for Angus to ring.
110
REVIEW OF CONDTUONAIS
a) Respond to the following situations using as many of the different types of conditional responses as possible. Be careful of meaning
1.
You have a friend who wants to work in Spain next year, but
he doesn't speak Spanish. What would you say to him?
2.
Your alarm didn't go off, so you got up late and missed your final exam in grammar. What would you say to your teacher?
You were invited to AIi's party, but you stayed home. Three
days later a friend tells you that it was really a good party.
3.
4.
You are going to go to a party with a friend next Saturday night. He wants you to introduce him to some girls when you
get there. However, you do not know for certain if you will see anybody you know. What would you tell him?
anyone there, but your friend is still begging you to introduce him to some of the girls. What would you tell him?
6.
The party is over. You are on your way home. Your friend is
angry with you because you did not introduce him to any girls.
111
3. 4. 5. 6.
(be) as What noisy neighbours you've got! If mine craql bad as yours, I-(gol (be) late again tomorrow, You're late again! If you your pay-(stop)! The passengers at the front of the plane were all killed, but Alice, who was sitting at the back, survived. If she (sit) nearer the front,
she I
it if
(undercook). it (not hurry) up, 7. Eat your soup. If you (gget) cold. it 8. There are mice in your kitchen. If you lget) a cat, (disappear) immediately. the mice 9. The style of that dress is lovely, but I'm not so keen on the a bit lighter, it colour. If the blue--(be)
(look) better.
10. A
B: It's because our holiday cost so much. You should have (go) where I wanted to go, listened to me. If we it a lot cheaper. And we -(have) ----(be) some money in the bank now.
11. If my wife
(leave) her.
13. It he
he
(can) be a policeman,
but he's too short. L4. She was badly hurt when the car passenger hit another car. If she (not hurt) so badly. belt, she
in which
tt2
15.
(see)
him this
it to him. (can) cook as well 16. Mmm! This meal's delicious! If I (open) a restaurant. as this, I 17. My wife and I met on a cruise. I was on it because I was recovering from an illness, and she was the ship's doctor. Just (not be) the doctor, we think! If she (not meet), we (not get) married, and our (not be) born! What a thought! children (be able) to do this exercise, you 18. If you
a.fternoon, I
lgive)
19.
he) very clerzer! Jody's engagement, which was announced last week, came as
(announce) earlier,
IIt
A. ST'PPOSED TO
'We're supposed to
1O
(=It's a rule.......)
The train was supposed to arrive at 1 1:3O (=According to the timetable, it should have arrived already but it hasn't. I'd better hurry! I'm supposed to be meeting Jane in 10 minute.
(=I arranged to.....)
B NOT SUPPOSED
TO
You are not supposed to park here (=You aren't allowed to.....)
Bill is much better after his illness but he is still not supposed to
do any heavy work (=it isn't advisable)
Exercises:
you
in this room.
them.
113
What are the children doing at home. They at school. 4. He _ at home in the evenings but he always goes out. 5. Don't put sugar in your tea. Remember what the doctor said?You
sugar.
until S.SO.
John now.
rlr.
uN[,Ess/ pRovIDED TrrAT/ SuppOSE/ IN CASE Restate the following sentences with unless, provlded that, suppose, or ln calie. l. The energy shortalfe will get worse if everyone doesn't begin to
conserve fuel.
2.
I'll be happy to drive you to Mexico if you promise to help me pay for the gas.
4.
Don't worry. If we nrn out of fuel, I'll have some extra gas in the trunk of my car. If you don't remember to put an extra can of gas in the trunk, we
5.
6.
114
7. 8. 9.
10.
That's a good idea if someone is around to hear our call. What would have happened if we had not had the CB last year on our way to Alaska?
If you don't stop worrying. I'll cancel the whole trip.
All right, but if you discover that you can't make such a long trip. I'm going to find out about the bus schedule.
If Tom decides to go with us, we should agree on what to charge him for gas.
11. L2.
13. You know that he won't leave his dog if he can't find
responsible person to take care of him.
L4.
That's not our problem. We will simply tell him that he can't go with us if he insists on taking his dog.
v.
If 's
TfME....
/ l, D
RATHER....
a) Look at these two sentences and answer the questions. It's time we left. I'd rather we went to that film than any of the others. Which tenses are used? Are they talking about the past /now /the future? Study these two groups of sentences and decide which ones are corect. 1. A It's time to leave for the airport. B It's time for us to go to the airport. C It's time that we go to the airport. D It's time we went to the airport.
115
I'd rather we went to the theatre. In pairs work out a rule for fd rather......and It's time...... b) What would you say in the following situations? 1. You feel tired. You think you need a holiday.
2. A B C
2. 3. 4. 5.
It's raining. Your friend suggests walking home. You want to take a taxi.
Your favourite pop singer is coming to your town. Your friend thinks there will be lots of tickets left. You think you should buy them now.
You've been to a party with Bill and Simon. Bill has had a lot
6. 7.
to drink.
You and your friend are both hungry. Your friend suggests a Chinese meal. You prefer Thai food. This exercise is getting boring!
8.
116
vt
There's no school uniform. ?he pupils can wear uhateuer they like.
I don't care who comes to the party. You can bring ushoeuer you
like. You must take your passport tuheneuer you travel abroad. You must carqr your identity papers uhereuer you go. You'll neverjump 16 metres totueuer hard you try.
whatever
whoever =
whenever
wherever
rt7
Notes:
2. If houseuer is followed by a comma or a full stop, the meaning changes to neuertheless, euen so or ur spite oJ the Jact that. It's the most expensive restaurant in New York. Houseuer, it's packed every night and if you want a good table you have to book
weeks in advance.
3. whgeuer can mean it doesn't matter whg but it is more commonly used as an emphatic form of why to express shock, anger or
disbelief.
Whgeuer did you tell him the secret? You can't come to work todaflz Whgeuer not?
a)
Complete the following sentences with WHOEVER, WHATEVER, WHYEVER, WHENEVER, WHEREVE
or
HOWEVER.
1. 2. 3.
_ He starts stuttering-he
She causes problems
she goes.
is neryous.
me-I
4. You must wear a tie in that restaurant_ you are. 5. did you open the cage? you do. 6. I'll still love you 7. I am determined to do it_ long it takes. 8. He always wears three vests, two jumpers and a jacket_ hot it is. wear this bracelet. 9. Ill think of you_I 10. I'll wear this bracelet_I go.
118
b)
WHEREVER, HOWEVER,
B: 2. A B: 3. A B: 4. A B: 5. A B: 6. A B:
7. A
What should I do about my problem? Do wlutetsq seems best. Can I leave now'? Whetteuer you want to leave is fine with me. I'm getting tired of this party. Are you ready to go? I'm having a good time, but _ you are ready is fine with me. What should I tell our hostess? Tell her_ you think is best. I'm hungry. Do you want a hamburger or some chicken? I don't care. We can get _ you prefer. Tell me. Should we go to Burger King or to Kentuclry Fried Chicken. It really doesn't matter fo me. Let's go to you like
best.
B:Nothingisthematter.-youwanttogoisal1ri$ht 8. A
with me. How do you want your hamburger,
onions?
with or without
B: she prepares it is all right with me. 9. A Whom should we invite to our party next week? B: I don't know._ you invite will have fun. 10. A By the way, who called at 12:OO last night? B: I don't know because called hung up before I
reached the phone.
11. A It's really late, and I'm getting tired. Let's not get any
dessert.
B: O.K._ you say. 12. A Are you angry because I wanted to leave the party early? B: Angry? Of course not. It's your car, so you can do
you like. Just don't ask me to go anywhere with
you again.
119
VIL
REFI.iEIilIIE PRONOI'NS
You have been asked to look after Jane, the nine-year-old daughter of
What might you say? Complete these sentences with one word.
YOU
PARENTS
1. Enjoy
Thanks.
See
you later.
JANE YOU
Why didn't they take me with them? 2. Parents sometimes like to go out by
Who said you could have a piece of cake? 3. Your mother told me to help Arryway, that cake's horrible. 4. Your mother said you liked 5. Well, get one for
JAI{E
YOU
JANIE
YOU
JANIE
YOU
JAI{E
YOU
6.
JAI{E
YOU
YOU
PARENTS
it _.
YOU
r20
VItr
a) Using the phrasal verb entries for 'glver in your dictionary, substitute the underlined words with a suitable phrasal verb.
Ex:
1.
After my father quit exercising, he put on a lot of weight. After mlr father gave up exercising. he put on a lot of weisht.
Can you distribute the books to the class, Claudia? Before she died, she lett all her money to the dogs' home.
2. 3. 4.
L2L
b)
Look at the following selection of phrasal verbs formed with take' and their meanings:
resemble an older relative
'
take after take in take off take on take over take to take up
understand/graspi deceive leave the ground; remove accept (responsibility, etc.) take control of like instincUvely adopts as a hobby; occupy space/time
Now choose the appropriate phrasal verb to complete the following sentences:
1.Heonly-golfbecausehisdoctortoldhimhewould
have to get more exercise.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
to--it-properly.
Our local pub hasn't had the same atmosphere since it was
by one of the big breweries.
Doing
homework
a lot of
my time.
My daughter's not a bit like me. She seems to father in the way she acts.
Don't let
life!
__
her
him
you
The truth is that he's never done an honest day's work in his
7.
important not to
manage.
each other
L22
CONSOLIDATION 48 - 68
USE OF ENGLISH
A. Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means exactly the same as the sentence printed before it.
studying.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
10. 11.
L2.
My parents wanted
Saturdafr
Will you be Mary was offered a cheap seat on a flight to Hong Kong hy her cousin.
Mary's
Diana missed the train because she bought a Coke on the way to the station.
If
She bought a lot of food because she was expecting guests. She was expecting
r23
L4.
15. Despite the fact that he was late, he still didn't hurry.
Even though
17.
18. Kim asked Ted why he had forgotten to go to her house the
previous evening. Kim: Ted,
Stella's parents did not let her go out alone late at night. Stella was
We should mend the window before we go on holiday.
The window Despite her hard work she didn't earn much money.
Although
22.
23.
I'm very pleased that I'm going to have a holiday soon. I'm looking
We were allowed to smoke during the conference.
They let
24.
Someone stole all her belongings while she was on holiday. She had
26.
The remark was so shocking that she didn't know what to say.
27.
28. 29.
It was such It wasn't easy to persuade her to come. We had difficulty I had to work very hard in my old job.
They made You used to drive better than you do now.
Now you don't drive
L24
30.
33.
In spite of
35. Why does she keep five cats? It's her business.
why 36. Air is a mixture. TWenty-five percent of it is oxygen.
(which)
37.
People began translating Agatha Christie's books languages fifty years ago. They still do.
into different
38.
Helen doesn't know how to cook. She regrets it. Helen says: "I wish
N.
4L.
A new plant
Laura is almost certain that Jim has forgotten to lock the door.
M.
his
If only
125
M.
47.
you. It could be
It's worth
8.
49.
50.
The deaf girl sits at the window every afternoon. She can see the river from the window.
The deaf girl sits at the window (which)
with me.
me.
Where They have published the article in several popular nagazines. The article
We all enjoyed the walk even though
it rained heavily.
In spite
The train left at 6 o'clock and we arrived just after that. When we
That woman's dog bit the postman the other day. That's the woman
They expected twenty guests but forty arrived! There were twice as
It's possible that the burglar put his gun in a litter bin.
The burglar
L26
59.
you get
In case
61.
We learn what is going on from newspapers. They are one of the maln sources.
Newspapers are one of the main sources (which)
62.
why
63.
64.
How They have sent the book by express-mail. The book B. What do you say in the following situations? (Use the given clues.)
1.
Your friend often leaves his car unlocked. Someone might try to steal it so you think he should lock it. "I think you should lock the car in case
2.
At the cinema, you asked for a seat in the front but you find yourself in a seat at the back.
"Oh, excuse me. I think there seems
3.
Your friend is going to England for some time. He cannot decide where to stay--in a student hostel or with an English family. Write a suggestion for him.
"I would
recommend
."
4.
You haven't written down your friend's address and now you regret it because you can't find his house. "If only
r27
5.
Your friend suggests that you buy a red scarf for your mother.
You know your mother hates red, so you reject his suggestion.
"I don't
think
(ever)
."
6.
(should)
C. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense.
a) I 1) 2)-
(arrive) in England in the middle of July. I (be told) that England 3) (be) covered (be) quite surprised to in fog all the year round, so I 4) (ask) another find that it was merely raining. I 5)_ passenger, an Englishman, about the fog and he 6)
(tell) me that I could buy tinned fog at a shop in (admit) that he 12) Shaftesbury Avenue. He 1 1)
13) (sell)
it 15)___
(not
be)
that burglars 3) during her absence because the front door 4) (be) (be) upside open and everything in the flat 5) (be) no longer down. The burglars themselves 6)_
(see) at once
she (break) in
there,butprobab1ythey7)-(just/1eave)becausea
cigarette was still burning on an ornamental table. Probably (hear) the lift coming up and they 8)______ (run) down the fire escape. They e) Io)--(help) themselves to her whisky too but there
r28
11)
herself out
14)
stitl a little left, so she 12)-(pour) (wonder) if they drink. She 13)
(be)
(find) her jewellery that they hadn't. The jewellery 16) by her husband, who 17) Since his death she 18) wear it, yet she 19)
and
15)
Yesterday
sharing a flat with some friends and since he couldn't pay the
2)
(have) dinner
(give)
him
PHRASAL VERBS
a) gtue
/ take
of
'give'
Complete the sentences below using an appropriate form or'take' followed by a prep. or adv.
Ex:
1.
The teacher qaue out the exam papers when all the students
were seated.
2.
3. 4.
5.
He
6. 7.
Don't worrSr,
6:15.
I'11
L29
8. 9.
_
more he
my
$SO.OOO
L2. She
her identity
b) put
Match the answers with the questions. 1. What might you put off doing? a) A deposit 2. If you eat too much, what might b) Bad teeth you put
on?
3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
who might you put up with? a day what might put you off someone? e) central heating
If you were self-employed,
c) Homework d) 16 hours'work
A friend
what what
in? in?
0 d
h) Weight
night?
130
c)
(a)
take
There is usually a purpose behind what we say. Match the sentences with these purposes :
admitting (b) advising (c) complaining (d) informing (e) regretting (f) warning (g) requesting (h) stating
intention 1. I'd like you to take ur this skirt. 2. Let me take up that last point. 3. They were taken ouer by an engineering company. 4. He promised to take me out for a drive last night. I waited till
1O
p.m.
5. 6. 7. 8.
up smoking. I find it very difficult to take this in. Take that back or I'll never speak to you again. You needn't take this dou.rn.
I wish I'd never taken
O golcome
Choose the correct verb: go or come.
= = = = =
match, suit change one's point of view (accept another) continue meet by chance, find start to smell
Find the correct meaning for each verb. l. come in for a) open (e.g. flower) 2. go in for b) receive (e.g. criticism) 3. come off c) survive 4. go oft d) suffer 5. come on e) take place (successfully) 6. go on 0 enter (e.g. competition) 7. come out g) explode 8. go out h) appear (e.9. on stage) 9. come through i) burn no longer(e.g. fire) 1O. go through j) happen
131
1. How long have you had that fish? I think it's going 2. What's all the shouting about? What's going _out there? 3. Have you noticed? The dalfodils are coming if you give him a little 4. Don't worry. I'm sure he'lI come
.
5.
6. 7. 8.
time. After what she's gone , it's not surprising she looks ten years older. I don't think these trousers go the jacket. No wonder it's cold in here; the fire's gone It was a risk; fortunately, it came
Eet
1. I'm a bit worried about these exams. 2. I thought you were going to give me a ring last night. 3. You want to give up your job? How are we going to manage? 4. I'll be in Edinburgh next weekend. 5. Hello! 6. I haven't really got enough money. 7. What's the mattef 8. You were alone, I suppose? 9. My girlfriend has just left me.
Responses
a) This place is getting me down. b) We'll get by. c) You'll get over it. d) I don't know what you're getting at. e) I'm sure you'll get through. 0 I couldn't get through. d Why don't we get together, then? h) You can easily get round a little problem like that. i) Hi. How are you getting on with the new job.
L32
h)
1. take off 2. pull off 3. put off 4. let off 5. call off 6. turn off 7. break off 8. carry off
B.
0 d
h) a meeting
Who or what might do each of the following? Explain why. 5. wash off 1. come off
2. 3. 4. i)
Which word completes all these expressions? oet awav catch up go down put up get along do away rLln awav keep up
Use
the
it. The police will catch you. 1. You'll never 2. Nobody really thought she'd leave her children him.
3. 4.
5. 7.
and
I won't
8.
can't
them.
r33
J t. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
a) Writing a letter b) A serious discussion at midnight c) Petrol d) People'sexpectations e) Your boss. 0 Forgetting someone's birthday d A friend who was being criticised h) Spending an evening with someone you didn't like
[t
RETIIEW OF ARTICI.ES
From Cliff
(1)lovesick teenager, threatening to jump seventy feet from (21--_ cliffs at (3)___ seaside resort, was saved by (4)_ human chain of (5)_ policemen today. (6)--eighteen-year old had driven from his home in (7)-_-__ Lake District to Langhorn, near (8)_____ Bournemouth, to talk his girlfriend out of breaking off their three-month romance. He threatened to jump off (9)_ balcony atherhouSe,butwhenshedialled(1o)-999hedashedto (11)_ edge of (I2)_cliffs Metropole below (13)_
Hotel.
134
(14)_ police found him sitUng on (15)_ edge. They chattedtohimfortwentyminutesin(16)-darkness,then clung together and grabbed him. He was later released after (L7)_ treatment by (18) hospital doctor. (19)_
policespokesmansaid,',TherewaS(2o)-highwind,itwas
pitchdarkatabout2a.rn.,and(2L)graSSorL(22)cliff top was wet and slippery. It was (23)brave rescue. It unrequited love. The was (241___ case of (25)___
youngster was upset after his romance broke up, but he has now
recovered his senses."
(unrequited = unreturned)
b) Expressions \Mith or without articles Underline the correct version in each sentence.
Ex
1.
Light
alight.
the sound.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
10.
/ the lamb for lunch. birth to lamb / a lamb early this morning.' Would you like cake / a cake? No, thanks. I don't like cake / a cake. This suit is made of very fine cloth / the very fine cloth. Can you get cloth / a cloth, please? I've just spilt tea / a tea
We're having lamb
on your carpet.
I went to a talk / talk on Russian revolution / on the Russian revolution last night. It was very interesting. There has been a talk / talk of redundancies at the British Shipping Company. Serrrice / a seruice in restaurants isn't as good as it used to be. The Health Service / Health Service is suffering from severe cutbacks.
I 1. The Times / Times is one of Britain's oldest newspapers. L2. Time / the time and tide / the tide wait for no man. (proverb) 13. I don't usually like poetry / the poetry. 14. But here's a poem / poem I do like. 15. Do you want an ice / ice in your whisky? 16. Ice / the ice at the North and South Poles is said to be melting
little by little.
135
c) Put a, the or ( - ) into each gap. post oflice near here? 1. Excuse me. Is there
2. A We haven't got any money. B: It's all right. I'm going to 3. My wife and I went out for
duck was superb.
strange man
parcel.
4. 5. 6.
expecting there's -
We've moved
to
lovely house in
7. 8.
9.
sale
government without
will not
produce of
under
age of
ever told you that you've got some lovely especially the history of
3.
136
4.
5. 6. 7. 8.
We're trying to sell our house. People came to see it on Saturday, and they were quite interested, but some people who saw it on Sunday morning were very rude and said they didn't like it at all. Did you remember to buy a bread while you were out at some
shops?
Crossing the English Channel can be quite unpleasant in the bad weather.
People who live on the floor above ours work
in a government
1.Inmyjob,Ido-businesswithpeoplefromalloverthe
world.
2. I'm going to do shopping. Do you want anything? 3. I was late for_ work this morning. 4. Can you keep secret? I'm getting married. 5. He got sack because he was caught stealing money. progress. 6. It isn't easy, but I think we're making 7. I lost control of the car and crashed into a wall. 8. Make war. _ love, not _ promise, you must keep it. 9. If you make_ 10. When buying a house, you should take into
11.
consideration how near it is to public transport. He set fire to his factory so that he could claim the
insurance.
13.I'vebeentoallthecountriesofEuropewit-exception
of Albania.
14.
If you're in Paris,
take
r37
GENERAL
t
REVISION
Mark the best choice. Last summer we decided to go to Panar, a Spanish town, for our
holidays.Whenwe(1)-atthehote1wewereallverytiredand
we were sure we (2) a peaceful night there. I (3)_our room before we left London, (a) we immediately went to our
room,hadashowerandwenttobed.Thechildren(5)-to
sleep when the disco below us started. We all got up, of course. I immediately went down to speak to the manager. I told him thal we
(6)-twochildrenaged2and4addedthatthey(7)-in that room. Then I (8) us a quieter room but the manager said:''I'mverySorry.Thelastroom(9)-toayoungcouple.'' The children kept on (lo)_that night and the next morning we
were on the road again, back home.
1.
2. a) were going to have b) were having c) went to have d) have had to have 4. a) but b) when c) if d) so 6. a) had had b) had c) would have d) are having
3. a) was booked
5.
a) went b) have just gone c) had to go d) had just gone a) would sleep b) can't sleep c) couldn't sleep d) are sleeping
7.
8.
9.
a) is going to give b) can't be given c) has just been given d) has just given
10.
138
Read the text first, then mark the best choice: CONTRASTS IN TRAIVSPORT
(8)-,
our legs.
(9)
the opposite might happen and we shall use simpler methods of we might use bicycles rather than cars, or transport. (1O)-,
1.
alike b) different from c) dissimilar d) the same as
a)
3.
a) such as b) are like c) generally d) which like a) though b) otherwise c) instead d) there
a) b) c) d)
but
and
so
4.
5.
6.
just
as
7.
8.
a) As a result
then
9.
Finally
For example Such as
b) Hence
d)
139
TAIflNG RISIG AT SEA One day last suurmer a boy of 1O took an old tyre from his father's garage and went down to the beach although he (1) swim
andhismotherhadtold(2)-gonearthewater.Buthefelt(3)
so he took no notice of her warning. Before long the wind blew him out to sea. His sister saw him but by this time he was (4) far out for anyone to reach him. Then someone rang up the just a few minutes a helicopter was flyrng coastguards. (5) _ pulled to safety. Cases like this over the boy and he was (6) (7) happen every day summer and sometimes people are not
so luclqy. (8) surprises coastguards is that people (9) on special clothes and take all kinds of precautions when they go climbing often go out in small boats without (1O)_
safety equipment or means of signalling for help.
a) might not b) couldn't c) shouldn't d) has not been able to 3. a) to be hot b) hot c) himself to be hot d) himself hot 5. a) During b) Before c) At d) rn 7. a) in b) on c) at d) the
1.
2. a) him that he didn't b) to him that he didn't c) him not to d) to him not to
4.
6.
8.
9.
140
IlI.
Atfirstsight,familiesindifferentsocietiesare(1)-eachother,
having the same basic structure. On closer investigation, (2)_, certain important differences (3) _ the contrast between the nuclear so-called and extended families are seen.
Ifwecomparethesetwotypesindetail,wecanfind(4)similarities and contrasts. A nuclear family basically (5) a married couple and their children. In this respect, an extended family is (6) What makes the difference is the size of the family group. A nuclear family includes two generations, (7)__ an
extendedonewil1includethreeorfour.GrandparentS,(8)-,
may live under the same roof as their children and grandchildren.
These two types, experts have argued, will come to resemble each
other(9)-infuture,and(1o)-,itwillbetheextended
1.
a) unlike b) the same c) similar to d) alike 3. a) whereas b) leads c) such as d) hence 5. a) composed b) consists of c) makes up d) forms 7. a) moreover b) similarly c) whereas d) therefore 9. a) as much b) more closely c) similarly d) differently
8. a) however b) so c) in addition
d)
for example
10.
L4L
V.
-it. couldhavebribedthejockeytoridebadly.(5)-wherethere were two horses, one good and one bad, which looked (6)_and
Mark the best choice THE RISI(S OT HORSE RACING Horse racing is a popular sport in Britain and every year punters, the people (1) on the results of the races, spend a lot of money (2) Of course, they may lose their money but there are other risks, too. One is that the horse (3) given drugs before the race so it will not run (4) usual; another is that someone
the owner entered the good horse for the race under the bad one's name. The reason (7) doing this is that the betting profits are
usua1lygreater.Thepolicehaveworked(8)-topreventthese
illegal practices and have been able to stop most of them. However, it is (9) true that the only way to be sure that you are never cheated at a racecourse is (1O)
1.
a) that bets b) bet c) who bets d) who bet a) may have b) may have been c) should have d) should have been
2.
a) for b) to c) in d) on a) as well as b) as good as c) as fast that d) so quickly than a) alike b) likely c) similary d) same a) hard b) harder c) much d) extra a) to not bet b) not to bet c) not bet d) to not be betting
3.
4.
5.
a) It was a race b) There was a race c) They have been races d) There have been races
a) because b) that c) why d) for
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
L42
It is obvious that the listening skill develops before the speaking skill
because children understand
(1)
a) their parents say b) that their parents are saying c) what their parents say d) how their parents are saying
A
a)
B: Well,
b)
it (2)
stolen, then.
Julia met a very handsome and intellectual guy about three years a holiday together to get a ago. The guy suggested (3) chance to know each other better. Julia didn't want to, but now she (4)the chance.' it and says 'I wish I (5)
3.
a) to take b) should take c) that they are taking d) taking 5. a) would take b) took c) had taken d) was taken
Alex Haley, the author of the book'Roots', was born in Henning, about the African slaves Tennessee. There he first (6)
(7)-underdifficultconditions.Thesestories(8)told
for years; from generation to generation. Mr. Haley became interested
-stories
t43
6. a) had heard b) has heard c) was hearing d) heard 8. a) had been b) had c) which had been d) which had
10.
7.
a) b) c) d)
who working
9.
VIL
Mark the best choice Jane has asked everyone about her missing purse. Nobody has seen
purse in the supermarket. it. She (1) _her t. a) had to leave c) should have left b) might have left d) must be leaving Professor Iris Fodor, who conducted research among students on test anxiety, says (2) before a test is very important.
2.
a) b)
I'm surprised to see that most people care less about noise pollution than air pollution. In fact we (3) by sounds which wake us up, annoy us and sometimes drive us crazy. Most people (a) in big cities have become accustomed to the noise around them. And the teenagers! I'm always shocked when I see teenagers with radio earphones (5) loud rock music bombards their eardrums.
3. a) surrounded 4. a) living 5. a) where b) are surrounding b) that living b) at which c) are surrounded c) they are living c) whose d) surrounding d) fromwhich d) are living
LM
(6)
to a computer
camp this summer for 2 weeks, and they even aranged to get him a
scholarship.I..astnightRogerto1dhisfatherthathe(7)-for
the camp. His father was surprised because they are not well-off. "I
(8)-of
going if
-y
teachers
tOO
(9)
upincaSeI(1o)-haveenoughmoneytoCoverallthe
expenses."
6. a) to go b) going
c) that he is going d) should go
7.
a) had applied b) was applied c) applies d) has been applied a) wouldn't promise b) haven't promised c) hadn't promised d) didn't promise
I45
"It
said. At first I refused to go. Going to the dentist's always reminds me of something (3) when I was a child. I went to the dentist's
to(a)butthedentist,(5)-,waSillthatday.Iaskedhis assistanttogivemegas(6)-thepain.WhenIwokeup,he (7) to my mother for (8)the wrong tooth out. I've been
afraid of the dentist's ever since and I'd rather endure the pain
(9)-gothere.Mywifewas(to)-whenItoldherthis.
"What a coward you are!" she said with a smile.
1.
a) b) c) d
2.
4.
a) have taken out a tooth b) take a tooth out c) have a tooth taken out d) take out a tooth
a) for not feel b) not to feel c) not for feeling d) as not feeling a) having taken b) had taken c) took d) taken
a) had usually been there b) being there c) was there d) who was usually there
a) b) c) d)
was apologised who apologising who apologised was apologising
10.
7.
9.
a) amusing b) amused
c)
amuse
d) amusingly
146
known
I asked
(1) (3)_.
arrivedlate,whichwaS(2)-becausehealwayScomeSontime.
"I've had a bit of a shock", he said. "On my way here, a little girl ran
if I hadn't been able to can't help thinking about what (5)onto the streets stop. Little children like her shouldn't (6)without somebody accompanpng them. I should have listened to my
outinfrontofthecar.(4)-,Imanagedtobrakeintime.I
wife(7)-methatthereseemedtobesomethingwrongwiththe
brakes. I'll have the car (8)'Yes, you
immediately,"
(9)_!"
street.Youaretremb1ing(1o)-youneedastrongdrinkfirst.''
a) until b) since c) when d) before 3. a) him why he was late b) him why was he late c) why he was late to him d) why was he late to him 5. a) had happened b) would have happened c) happened d) would happen 7. a) who told b) who was told c) was saying d) said 9. a) would have b) had better c) would rather d) did the best
1.
2.
4.
a) However b) Despite c) Therefore d) Although a) allowed b) have allowed c) be allowed d) allow a) servicing b) to service c) service d) serviced a) so much that b) very much c) as much as d) too much that
6.
8.
10.
t47
](
(2)-.Thissounds(3)_sinceshedoesn'tcareabout
what she eats much.
a) eats hardly ever b) hardly ever eats c) eats hard d) any hard eats 3. a) arnazed b) arnazing c) arnazingly d) amazement
1.
2. a)
able to measure the height of mountain ranges which we know, such as the
A1ps,HimalayasandAndes,they(5)-themtobeabout12o
metres(6)-theyaretoday.Atleast,thatis(7)-Some
geologistsaresaying.WhenwemeaSuremountains,(8)sea-level as a base. But (9) the geologists, the levels of the sea have risen and fallen over a period of many thousands of years. Research has made it possible to trace the changes in sea-levels (1O)_ the past 7O.OOO years.
4.
5. a) found
c) would have
d)
been
would
be
high b) height c) higher than d) as high as 8. a) we are used b) where we are c) which we use d) we use 6.
a)
c)
such
10. a) during
b) until c) while d) since
148
The following is an extract from the information on the back of a record sleeve. Read it and mark the best choice.
,
Most great singing stars establish themselves long before they get to 35, but that is how old Madge Sharp is now, and this is her first song. It will not be her last.
Shesays,''I(1)-tobeab1uessin$er.|(2)-tosingers
like Mahalia Jackson and Ella Fitzgerald and others on record to a frequently, but my parents would never let me (3)-
concert.AndI(4)-tosingwithaband.Theon1ysingingI (5)-for years was in our church choir. Of course I wish I (6)-intheprofessionearlier,butnowI,vegotsomething (7)-alotofyoungersingershaven.t$ot:experienCeand
maturity."
And it's this experience and maturity in her voice which adds
distinct(8)-toa1lthetracksonthiscollection.AlltheSongS may be old, but her versions of classics like 'If and 'Georgia' make
(9)they were written yesterday. As one critic in'Music Week' magazine wrote: "We've got so (1o)-torubbishinpoprnusicinrecentyearSthatwhena
them sound
a) who always want b) would want c) who wanted d) have always wanted 3. a) going b) to go c) go d) went 5. a) was done
1.
b)
c)
2. a) b)
c)
d) 4. a)
b)
6.
d)
7.
a)
which
otherwise
8.
b)
c)
d)
what if only
9.
a)
b)
c)
as if if
AS
d)
in case
Read the following news reports and mark the best choice.
train(1)-hundredsofworkershomefromthecentreofTo}cyo is reported to have hit an oncoming goods train. Both (2)_at high speed. Figures are not yet available, but it is believed that the
death toll (3)as high as 3OO, with hundreds more injured. Emergenry and rescue services rushed to the scene, but our reporter says it will take days to clear the track and (4) the numbers of dead and injured. There was a similar accident on the same stretch of track (5)_. There was another bomb scare
outofthestore(7)-roadsintheareawereclosed.Sniffer dogs spent hours (8)_ the store for a bag, which the caller
thestore(9)-thepermissiontoopenthismorning.Apolice
spokesman said that this was the third bomb scare within a week, and that we (1O) very careful.
5.
for your
years
G.
c) to establish
T.
a)
b)
c)
whereas while
SO
c)
after
c)
d)
because
d)
searching searched
r50
9.
a) has given b) will give c) was given d) will have been given (1)
XIII
when we have to cope with difficult, unpleasant or dangerous situations. Some jobs involve a lot the nature of the work. A construction worker, of stress (2)_ (3)_, working on a new building high above the ground is in
Stress is the mental strain constant danger. 1.
a) b) c) d)
d)
due
3.
Theenerg5rreSourcesoftheworld(4)-.Nobodylc:owsexactly (5)---, but pessimistic forecasts say that there is only (6)run out in 30 for 45O years, and that oil (7)years. Obviously, we have to do something, and we have to do it
soon!
4.
a) is limited b) limits c) limited d) are limited a) enough coal b) coal enough c) too little coal d) plenty of coal
5. a) how much is fuel b) how much fuel is left c) how fuel is formed d) how is fuel formed
Z. a) must b) should c) had to d) might
6.
151
In1848gold(8)-atSutter'sMill,about1oomileseastofSan
Francisco, and the first great gold-rush began. When the news leaked out, farmers, trappers, lawyers, preachers, sailors, soldiers and school teachers (9) to California by whatever means they could.
withinayear1oo,ooopeople,on]y8'ooo(1o)-werewomen, had reached the coast of California. More than half of them
(1I)-overland 8.
9. a) who mshed
b)
were rushing
c)
d)
10. a)
]L
ill.
a) become
b) became
2.
If
we
c)
d)
3. Geo e_
he could improve his test scores, but he did not have enough time to study. a) knew to c) knew how that b) knew how d) knew how to
a) need b) needs
L52
served
a) b)
6. Pioneer men and women endured terrible hardships, and-. c) nor do the children a) so do their children b) neither did the children d) so did their children
7. Last year, Matt earned-his position. a) twice as much as
c) twice as many as
d) twice
as more as
b)
twice more
than
8. John has not been able to remember where c) did she live a) does she live d) lived the girl b) she lives
9. Cuba
a) b)
IO.
sugar-growing areas in the world. c) one of the largest one o[ the larger d) largest one of largest
is-
delayed
the
c) due
d) because
11.
_
a)
b) c) d)
12.
the new information to anyone else but the sergeant. They asked him not to give They asked him don't give They asked him not giving They asked him not give
Hundreds of houses and other buildings were destroyed by the later developed into a hurricane. storm c) from which a) of which d) which b) which is
153
Shall I ask the waiter for the bill? B: Yes, please I (Ig) this film for such a long time that I wouldn't like to miss any of it.
A waiter! The bill, please. oh dear, I haven't got my wallet. I (14)_it in my other jacket, I wish I (15) before
we came out.
to see
c) have been looking forward to seeing d) have been looking forward to see
14. a) must have left
15.
a) would check
b) had to leave
"I wonder why (16)_ yet. I told Jim how to get here but perhaps I (17)_ a map. The traffic (lg) _them, of course, But I'm sure they would have telephoned us if they
(1g)-lost."
c) d)
b) needn't
b) may delay
19. a) wouldn't have got
b) had got
154
](V.
HertonCol1ege,Oford,(1)-over7ooyearSagoin|264by WalterdeMerton.Itis(2)-col1egeinodordandissituatedin
the east part of the town in a
(3)-
location.
many years the college specialised in mathematics and science, and it (5)_ the oldest library, parts of which date from 137I. The library (6)over 4O.OOO volumes of books and the number (7)_ each year.
(4)--
(12)_
(L7)_they
collegesresidence(18)-possibleforon1yone(thefirst)year andthestudents(19)-lodgingsintownfortheremainderof
their course.
Sinceitsfounding,manyfamousmen(2o)-throughthe
college, including William Harvey and T.S. Eliot.
2. a) the old
b) older than c) very old d) the oldest
4. a) Since
b) During c) Until d) For
r55
5.
a)
iS
6.
a) is made
b)
c)
d)
b)
c)
d)
z.
8.
a)
b)
c)
Moreover d) As well as
a)
9.
where they built b) which was built c) which it was built d) where it was built
a) a)
10.
which
since
b) where
c)
d) as
soon as
II.
b)
c)
t2.
a)
has played
b) has to be played
c)
13.
L4.
15.
In fact b) Meanwhile
a)
c)
16.
Because d) Yet
a)
LZ.
until
as soon as
18. a)
is
b)
c)
if
like
b) should be c) is able to be
d) could be
d)
19.
20.
a) passed
b)
c)
are passing
156
l(Vt
Mark the best choice one crossing of the Atlantic is very much rike
(t)_,
and people
whocroSSitfrequentlydonotmakethevoyageforthe(2)-of
its interest. Most of us are quite happy when we feel (s)_ to go to bed and pleased when the journey (a)_. on the first night this time I felt especially lazy and went to bed rather earlier
expected(7)-buttherewaSasuitcase(8)mineinthe opposite corrrer. I wondered who he could be and (g)_. Soon afterwards he came in. He was the sort of man you might meet (1o)---, except that he was wearing (11) good clothes that I made up my mind that we would not get on well together, (L2)-, and did not say (13)-.
I suppose I slept for several hours because when I woke up it was the night. ( t 4)_ cold, I covered myself up (15)-and tried to go back to sleep. Then I realised that a draught was coming from somewhere. I got up (16)_the door but found it already locked from the inside. The cold air was coming from the window opposite. I crossed the room and (I7)_ the moon shone through it into the other bed. (18) there. It took me a minute or two to (19)-the door myself. I realised
than usual. When I (S)____my cabin, I was surprised (6)_that I was to have a companion during my trip. I had
middle of the
thatmyCompanion(2o)-throughthewindowintothesea.
1.
2. a) reason
b) motive c) cause d) sake
c)
d)
3.
4. a) is achieved
b) finish c) is over d) is in the end
c)
d)
t57
5.
a)
b)
c)
d)
6.
a)
for
seeing
b)
c)
d)
to
see
7.
8.
a)
like
b) AS
c)
d)
10.
9.
b)
c)
d)
how he would be what he would be like what would he be like how would he be
c) somewhere d) anywhere
tt.
a)
aso
SO
t2.
b)
c)
d)
such a such
13.
a)
b)
c)
d)
him a single word him not one word a single word to him not one word to him
so well as I could as well as I could so well that I might
L4.
15.
a)
16.
a)
b)
c)
b)
c)
d)
d)
to shut for shutting in order that I shut so as for shutting It was no one There was no one It was anyone
There was anyone
tz.
18.
a)
b)
c)
d)
19.
20.
a)
b)
c)
d)
158
Most of the cities in Europe have narrow streets that (l)_hundreds of years ago. 1. a) build c) they were built b) were buil d) built (2)_are usually not many places of entertainment nearby. 2. a) They c) we b) These d) There Some students were having a party. All of them were having (3) good time that (4) them wanted to go home. 3. a) such a 4. a) all b) such b) some -of c) so c) none
d)
very
d) one
(s)_Sue has been married is a secret. 5. a) When c) Where b) How long d) Whose
We didn't hear
(6)_about.
c) who were talking
talking
6.
A laboratory U)the nutritional value of a new synthetic food substance called NRG2. Fifteen rabbits (8) for the test.
7.
a) b) c) d)
8. a) used to b) using
c) used
d) were used
Ernest Hemingway, the famous American novelist, enlisted in the Italian Army in World War I. By the time the war (9)_, he
(1O)_
two medals.
1O.
9.
Sometimes tourists have only a few hours (11)_ they can see a whole museum. Most museums, however, are (12)_ large for visitors to cover in just a few hours. As soon as the visitors get a list of the things on display in the museum, they (13)worr5ring about which ones to look at and they look at everything very
quickly,whichdoesnot$ivethemmuchpleasure.(14)-,Some
visitors spend all of their time looking at the things in only one or two
partsofamuseum.Thisis(I5)-anunSatis$zingprocedure. Thesepeopleoftengoawaywithouthavin$(16)-thethings
that would interest them most.
11. a) in which b) of which c) which d where
13. a) are beginning b) have begun c) began d) begin
12.
a) so b) enough c) too
d)
very
c) extremely d) either
L7. none of my business. a) There she told him b) She told him
_is
160
19.
A (21) your electric bill? B:No,notyet,butI(22)-ittoday,becauseifI(23)-, the electric company (24) rny electricity off.
2L. a) Were you paid b) Have you paid c) Have you been payrng d) Have you been paid 23. a) didn't b) won't c) wouldn't d) don't
22. a) would pay b) paid c) had better pay d) wouldrather pay 24,
c) will be cut
d) cuts
16r
A 1ZS) about the accident? B: No, What (26) ? AAstudent(27l-infrontofthedormitorywhilehewas jogging. They immediately (28) an ambulance and the student(29)-totheCityHospital.Fortunately,he (30)_
.
B: What about the driver of the cafl A He (3 t)__ The police are looking for him but
he
(32)_.
25.
a) b) c) d)
Have you been heard Do you hear Were you heard Have you
26.
a) b) c)
heard
28.
ZZ.
c)
d)
30.
29.
31.
didn't stop but drove off had been stopped and driven off wasn't stopped and was driven off would stop and drive off hasn't found hasn't been found hadn't found hadn't been found
32.
L62
XUIL Mark the best cohice: A We took a lot of photographs during the holiday. B: I'd like to see them. When (1) _ them developed? 1. a) you have c) you are having
b)
have
you
d)
3. a) b)
is not
(a)
flew
4. a) tying b) fly A
B:
c)
flown
You (5)
5. a) would b) had
c) should d) did
Why is a gap left at the joints of a railway line? The gap is left (6)-the rail to expand when it gets hot. On a hot day, the metal expands and if no allowance were made for this, the rails
7. a) would bend
b) would have bent c) will bend d) will have bent
163
The accomplishments of the ancient Greeks and Romans in building construction were very impressive; however, they (8) more with their techonolgy. Perhaps one reason they
didn'tisthattheyfeltnoneedformachines(9)-slaves
provided cheap labor. 8. a) had done
b) could have done
9. a) because
b) therefore c) nevertheless d) naturally
(IO)_through
the mountains
c) travel by train
d) travelling on the train
A B:
1
1. a) mend b) mending
mended
to mend
be a
c) wfll d) should
I don't feel tired when I walk to school (la) walking long hours.
L4. a) am used to b) used to
c) was used to
d) use to
A
B:
harder.
15. a) study
c) to study d) studying
IM
(16) on a hillside nearMancheng,south-westofPeking,(17)-theyfounda the entrance bricked-up opening in the rock. This seemed (18)
In 1968, Chinese soldiers made an exciting
to a tomb. Archeologists were called in immediately. They soon (19)
(2O)
L7. a) where
b) which
c) whose
d) that
20. a) both
b) to being c) to be
d) being
"There 's hardly any petrol left in the tank. I drive carefully until we get there. If only I
(21)
welefthome.TheremaybeagaragequitenearbutI(22)-
(23)
westartedout!DAMN!|(24)-thistohappenforthe1astten minutes. I'll have to push the car to the side of the road because we
will
(25)
filled b) should have filled c) would have filled d) had to fill checked
23. a)
24. a) am
b)
c)
b) would have
d)
was
expecting
165
we arrived
beforebutasIwas(31)-inthiscitymywifedidnot(32) it on my own so we went together to (33) . We paid (34)-and signed the papers. They told us that (35)_us to a garage (36) we could fill up. The (37) he office me.Igotoutoftheirway(38)-bybackingintothegarage
once more and the man behind me shouted at
England before leaving. Yesterday the sales office rang us (29) the car was ready. I had tried out a model (3O) _it
was about lOO yards away and we got there safely. But when I turned into the main road I suddenly saw a lot of cars racing towards
me.
"(39)
problemto(ao)-drivingontheright,isn'tit?''mywifesaid. 'Yes, if only I (41)_a few lessons for practice", I replied. 'You (42)__ _go carefully on the way home", my wife said. (43)sorry if you had an accident (44) the first day,
wouldn't you?" While we were talking, the man behind got out of his car and said in good English 'Would you mind (45) me when you are thinking of leaving? Or are you going to sit in your car all
daf"
26. a) to
b) in c) at d) on
28. a) these ones
27. a) a few weeks later b) until a few weeks c) in a few weeks d) a few weeks ago
29. a) for staying
to tell
r66
c) send it
d) carry it
b) the car for c) for the car d) how much the car
36. a) whereat
35. a) there was enough petrol to take b) there was enough petrol for taking
c) it was enouglr petrol for taking d) it was enough petrol for taking
37. a) nearest garage at
M. a) in b) on c) at
d) by
L67
Smokingisbadforyou.Iremember(1)-myfirstcigarette.I wastenwhenmyparentsletme(2)-offtoaschoolcamp and that's where it happened. we were sitting by the lake late one nightwhenI(3)myfirstcigarette.I(4)-it,ofcourSe, buteveryoneinthegrouptrieditand(5)-Now,Iama hearysmokerbutIdon'tenjoyitasmuchaSI(6)-.IVeoften triedcuttingitdownbut(7)-Idecidetocutitdown,Ifeellike
smoking even more. My wife, who gave up smoking two years ago,
SaySthatcuttingitdownis(8)thangivingitup'(9)she thinks I should try to do. I don't think that I have (lO)_
will-powertostopcompletelybutIamSureifsomebody(11)aneaSywaytohelppeoplegiveupsmoking,I(12)-itstraight
away.
1. a) smoked
b) smoking c) smoke d) to smoke
2.
a) going
b) go
c) went
d) to go
3.
a) offered b) was being offered c) had offered d) was offered a) neither did I b) so was I c) so did I d) neither was I
a) wherever
4.
c) had refused
d) could have refused
5.
6.
a) was used to
b) got used to
c) am used to d) used to
7.
8.
168
9.
10. a) enough
b) too much c) too little d) more than enough
11.
L2.
The ticket system for travelling on the underground (metro) and on the
busesinBritain(13)recentlyanditismuch(14)-itwas
a ticket for every j ourney; they didn't before. In the past you (15) let you (t6) _ the underground ticket on the buses and (17) you buy another ticket when you wanted to o by bus. Now, however, a seven-day travel card (18) _ bought and used both on the underground and on the buses.
13.
169
Aberdeen
towns of Scotland, on the north-east coast. The first oil of Britain (2O) from the North Sea in 1969 and since the start of the oil industry, Aberdeen (21)_an international city. Today, in Aberdeen, people from all over the
(22)
is (19)
world
_in
a)
One of our reporters had a very interesting interview with Mr. Foster who
Mr.Foster
Reporter
Mr. Foster, why are you in jail? Why were you arrested? I was arested for (23) home late. I don't believe it! You mean you were arrested only because you came home late? Oh, yes! That's (24) _I'm
here now.
Mr.Foster
Reporter
Mr.Foster
(25)_
I go,
me. Yesterday evening I decided to go to a pub to have a drink with old friends. I (26) her about it, but I didn't because I wanted to be alone with my friends "(27) too late, she won't get very angry", I said to myself. However, after a few drinks I forgot all about her and it was almost morning when I got home.
Reporter
What
(28)
Mr. Foster
Reporter
Sleeping, of course.
taO
Mr.Foster:Everythingwasallright(29)-Imadethemistakeof
playing the tune we had been singing at the pub with my she friends on the piano. When she heard me (3O)woke up of course and came down. She was very angry, especially because I was so late. I told her that I was very
sorry but she didn't even listen. She phoned the police and
c) coming d) came
25. a) Whatever b) However
c)
c) Whoever d) Wherever
27. a) Unless I was
b) until c) as soon as
d) while
HeIen
George
Helen
George
Helen
George
I'm not inviting you to join me. Who needs an invitation? I am your friend, aren't I? No, you aren't. (36) _, I don't like you at all
(37)-you
17l
Helen
(38)
(4O)
if you
George
Helen
(41) -
(43)
George
Helen
George
(44)
And two weeks ago, you took my hand in yours and held it for a long time. But I was trying to tell your fortune by readinlf your palm.
And
Helen
George
office.
Helen
George
We both speak English, don't we, my dear? Yes, but with a difference.
Helen
(48)_
35. a) And
36 a) In fact
b) However c) Nevertheless d) Afterwards
b) But c) why d) Or
172
37. a) whatever
38. a) know
b) whenever
c) whoever
d) whichever
39. a) won't suggest
b) wouldn't suggest
42. a) very
b) never encourage
b) so c) such d) too
b) had to daydream
b) to c) for d) with
48. a) my bothering
b) if
c) so that d) in case
173
IOt
Mark the best choice Monday 4May. It's 1O:35 am. Everyone ls
(1)
(2)-inthepasttwodays.on1yyesterdaythousandsmarched
(3)
1.
2.
a) to die
b) to have died
c) to be dying
d) to be died
3.
Mrs. Blaclsnan has returned. (4) lonely, she has decided she is getting worse and needs to come five times a week for treatment. (5) a little more time, she'll be able to go back to leading a normal life.
4.
a) b) c) d)
5.
a) tr given
b) Given
c) Giving
d) When $iving
I'm not asking you to go to bed now. You can stay up late and continue working
(6)
6.
a) unless b) so long
c) provided d) when
L74
It is Saturday evening. Anne has been having trouble with her car for
some time and she is asking Tom for help.
Anne
Tom
(7)
the car. I
(8)
o repair it.
Anne
Tom
(1O) (L2)
be working on my project in the office all day. So, I think you'd better phone for a mechanic and (1I)-in case
JL
-.
7.
9.
shouldn't
may not mustn't
b) needn't
d)
t2.
a)
b)
c) came
d) have done it
Sometimes everything seems
d) come
(l3)_wrong.
peop1ewarn(14)-morecarefu1oryourbosspostpones(15)
keep
(17)
is to a salary increase. At such times, one thing (16)(18) positive life such as on the aspects of are. You a nice family you have or how healthy you (19)
canevengoonestepfurtherandstart(2o)-aboutyourroSy future. If you (21)_ one billion liras in the lottery - next month (23) what (22) you yourself the ? or can imagine exotic islands of the Far East as a tourist. You (24)-the girl natives dancing there when suddenly, a beautiful dancing -
(25)-
175
Butdon't(26)-yourimaginationcarryyou(27)-. (28)reality is often the safest way to handle life (29)_ we can't survive (3O) by daydreaming. It is true (31)_ imagination adds color to our lives but we (32) stop somewhere, (33) it takes complete hold of our personality.
13. a) to go 14. a) to be
b) us to go c) going d) by going
15.
a) to give b) you to give c) giving you d) you giving a) concentrate b) concentrating c) concentration d) to concentrate a) suddenly b) rarely c) still d) seldom will win b) have won c) won d) had won
17.
19.
20. a) dream
2L. a)
23. a) visit
176
28. a) To be faced
b) except c) neither d) as
32. a) have to
32.
a) b)
c)
when while
before
d)
after
around nine o'clock when I drove back home from work because it was already dark. As I approached the gates, I turned off the headlamps of the car (35) prevent the beam of light
It (34)
from(36)-throughthewindowandwakingJack,whoshared the house with me. But I noticed that his light was still on, so he was awake anyway (37) -to had (S8)_asleep while reading. put I the car away and went up the steps. Then I opened the door
quietly and went to Jack's room. He was in bed awake but he didn't -he (30) aurn towards me. "What's the matter, Jack?" I said "For God's sake don't make a noise and take your shoes (4O)_,"
he said.
(42)-thebed-sheets.Iwas(43)-onmybackreading when I saw it. I knew that moving was out of the question. r (44)
moved even if I'd wanted to. I realized that he was serious. "I was relying on you to call a doctor as soon as soon as you (45) home", Jack went on. "It (46) me yet, but I dare not do anything to upset it. It might wake up," he said. "I thought you (47) be home an hour ago." There was no time to argue or apologise to telephone the doctor.
I thought that he must be ill and that I (4I) do as he said to keep him happy. "There is a snake here," he explained. "It is asleep
(48)
t77
36. a) enter b) entering c) entered d) being entered 38. a) become39. b) fallen c) gone d) grown 40. a) off
b) because c) since d) if
a) even
b)
just
c) only d) rather
H out
c)
away
d) back
42. a) between b) beside c) below d) behind
M. a) may not
45. a) would come b) have come c) were coming d) came 47. a) would b) should c) must d) may
a) b) c) d)
L78
1.
ages.
c)
d)
long
very long
2.
Gulls are sometimes called "rats of the eat almost anything. a) since c) but b) which d) that
air"
they will
3.
after the second World War that test pilots first attempted to break the sound barrier. a) Shortly c) There was shortly b) Was shortly d) It was shortly
the letter yesterday, but it didn't arrive.
4. We
received c)
should receive
History is filled with examples of efforts to communicate news quickly, (5) Pheidippides' twenty-two-mile run (6) the news of the Greek victory at Marathon.
5.
6.
In our fast-paced world, it is almost impossible to avoid (7) up tension from stress. All of us conlront stress daily; anything (8) an extra demand on us is stress. 7. a) to build 8. a) places
b) it to build c) building d) it building
9.
b) d)
19OO
that
places
c) is placed
that is placed
10.
It is believed occur after rock strata break and before they settle into a new position. a) to be earthquakes c) that earthquakes b) earthquakes which d) earthquakes that
by January next year.
dl b) *ill
u)
L2.
completed
d) has completed
13. Gravity
speed.
increases their
more crops
modern farming
methods.
a) grew
b) would have
16.
grown
c) d)
gave
could give
r80
18.
(g)
climbed
What will happen in the future? This is a question most of us wish we (2o) the answer to. our way of life (21)-
changingmorequickIynowthanit(22)-sincethewor1d
It is an interesting game to imagine what people would do, for example, if we (24) men from another planet, or how
(23)
people(25)-iftherewereanuclearwar.Manywriters,aswell
as readers, are interested -by in the literary form which (26)_ Science Fiction. Science Fiction stories and novels (27)
-.
as ever
first (28)___
know
c) are
d) is
25. a) has been created b) had created c) created d) was created 25. a) survived
invaded
b) would survive c) will survive d) would have survived 22. a) have been written b) wrote c) were written d) have written
28. a) would
c) has made
d) made
181
If the present-decrease in the birth rate in France year 2OOO the last Frenchman (3O)
29. a) doesn't
(29)_,
by the
contlnue
30. a) b) c) d)
would die would have died will be dying ,rill have died
The migration of English people to North America created the need f,or
new words in their vocabulary. (31) _ the settlers landed in America, they found plants and animals which were new to them. The land was occupied by tribes of people who had customs totally Even the landscape different from anything the English (32) was different from the English countryside. So names (33) _ be provided for all these aspects of their new life.
gf. a) As soon as
b) qy the
c)
32. a) b) c) d)
c) couldn't d) needn't
Although many explorers tried, it was (34) _1903 that the Arctic polar region (35) by sea. Antartic exploration begins with Ptolemy, but the real discoverers of Antartica were the hunters (36) far south to catch fish.
34. a) not
t82
our
(37)_
both fish and plants for food. They also supply energ5r from undersea oil and tidal power. (38) , our oceans are in danger of
a) have had to start b) had to start c) will have to start d) would have to start
with
career
effort (+t1__ to identify and encourage those students (42)---special interests. These students must have opportunities for some direct experience of professional nature; they
should also learn about the extent of various fields and (43) these fields are related to each other. But it is even more important for young people (44) those skills and abilities that will
enab1e(45)-theresponsibi1itiesforexpandingtheirown
learning.
4L. a) should make b) should be made c) should have been made d) should have made
43. a) how
45. a) to take
b) them to take c) taking d) their taking
183
For several decades educational psyehologists have been trying to discover what is necessary in order for education (46)_ more effective. Many psychologists are trying to analyze (47) children are being taught so that they (48)determine the effectiveness of various teaching methods. Still, the process of learning remains largely unexplained, (49) _ the tremendous amount of research (5O) during this century.
6. a) b) c) d) 8.
a)
c)
to be ls will be was
47.
a)
where
b)
c)
d)
49.
a)
c)
brief
50.
b) can
d)
b) despite
a) do b) which
on the contrary
c)
did
done
d) whereas
d) they do
Sherlock Holmes is probably the archetype for most great detectives in modern fiction. But while I enjoy (51) stories like "The (52) Hciund of the Baskervilles" anyone else, I sometimes
wishConanDoyle'sSuCCeSS(53)-suihagreatinf1uenceon
other writers. Writers like Agatha Christie and Ian Fleming, in their
differentwayS,havemadepeop1e(54)-eitlrerthatmurderisa
game you play after dinner or else that violence is always justified (55)_ you are on the right side. There are reasons (56)_ I can't stand their detectives- Poriot and James Bond- either. In
measuring out doses of sex, violence and above all, snobbery, and
mixing them
51. a) to read
d) too much
54. a)
55. a)
until b) if c) as soon as
d) whether
56. a) about
b) for c) why
d that
58. a) on the other hand b) moreover
57. a) who
had
upset
finish it soon than let it disturb my mind for the rest of the month. if you (64) what (63) for me to quit Then, I suppose it will be (65) to repeat school (65) _ I'm sure that everything will be all Don't be (67) -? right and you will pass.
I (62)
ahead.
a) will finish to write b) am finishing writing c) will have finished writing d) finish to write
Of .
62. a)
b)
c)
had better
ought to rury would rather
d)
63. a) would have happened b) would happen c) will happen d) happened 65. a) easy b) easier c) the easiest d) as easy 67. a) discouraged b) discouragement c) discouraging d) discourage
185
u.
ANSWER KEY
Unit 5A Concession. Page 37-42. Although/In spite of/ Despite/Even though cont. 9. Although it rained heavily, the crops werent destroyed. It rained heavily but in spite of this, the crops In spite of raining heavily/the heavy rain, the crops 10.Although she was 85, she still lived a very active life. She was 85 but in spite of this, she still In spite of being 85/her age, she still In spite of/Because of 1. e - We kept the fire on all day because 2. f - He was ill but in spite of this, 3. i - Weve become vegetarians because 4. c - He was asked because 5. g - There were a lot of accidents because 6. b - There are fewer tourists in Britain this year because 7. a - I couldnt see what was going on because 8. d - He has a foreign accent but in spite of this, 9. h - The house was in bad condition but in spite of this, In Case a) 1. Ill take my camera with me in case I want to 2. Ill draw a map for you in case you cant find 3. I wrote them a second letter in case they hadnt received 4. Ill take your letter with me in case I see Ann. 5. Please write down the name of the street in case I forget it. 6. Id better give my parents a phone call in case they are worried. 7. I rang the bell again in case they hadnt heard the bell. 8. You should wear a crash helmet in case you have an accident. b) Suggested answers 1. you need treatment. 2. there is a power cut. 3. you get hungry. 4. you get old. 5. you want to take more photos. 6. there is a queue. 7. you are late home. 8. you lose them. 9. you oversleep. 10.the play is sold out. c) 1. if 2. If 3. in case 4. in case 5. if 6. in case 7. if 8. in case 9. in case Phrasal Verbs (Set, Wear). Page 42. 1. out of control 2. on foot 3. set off 4. wore off 5. out of sight 6. wear out 7. set out 8. set down 9. set off 10.out of reach 11.sets in 12.set up
Unit 6A Future Tense. Page 43-48. a) 1. will/will/will 2. are going to/are going to 3. is going to will/are going to 4. will/am going to 5. will 6. are you going to b) 1. Ill get a cloth 2. are you going to do when 3. Im going back to 4. Will I disturb you if ? 5. Ill/Im going to miss 6. Ill/Im going to look c) Im coming/Im seeing/Will you be I wont be/Im going are you going? is opening are you going?/wont be does you plane Ill be Ill see/well have finished Ill see you d) 1. will be working/wont hear 2. might 3. wont/wont be working 4. might 5. wont 6. might not 7. will be delayed 8. might 9. will/will/will/will/will 10.will e) 1. He will be having a breakfast meeting at 9:00. 2. He will be meeting with the prime minister, the president and their interpreters at 9:00. 3. Hell already have attended a conference and had a breakfast meeting by 10:00. 4. Hell be making his speech from 10:00 to 10:50. 5. The president and prime minister and their wives will be visiting a car factory at 11:00. 6. Hell already have attended a conference, had a breakfast meeting, made a speech, visited a car factory and had lunch by 13:00. 7. Theyll be meeting to discuss the import-export needs of the two countries. 8..Theyll have signed a new trade treaty by 16:00. 9. Theyll be meeting with reporters from 15:35 to 16:00. 10.No, he wont. Hell be resting in his hotel from 16:00 to 18:00. 11.Hell have got ready for dinner by 19:00. 12. Before the day is over hell have had two meetings.
Phrasal Verbs (Let, Cut) Page 49 1. cut down 2. let off 3. cut down 4. cut up 5. let down 6. cut down 7. cuts in 8. cut across 9. let in 10.let out
Unit 2B Phrasal Verbs (Look, Get). Page 73-74. a) 1. get out of 2. look through 3. get on with 4. look after 5. looking for 6. get off 7. look up to 8. getting on 9. look up 10. Look out! 11.get over 12.look in 13.get though 14.get round to 15.look through b) 1. look after 2. look it up 3. am looking for 4. Look out! 5. have been looking forward
The offer shouldnt be turned down. Jack cant/couldnt have been arrested at The letters may/might be sent soon. The doctor neednt have been called. The matches shouldnt have been put where Your room must have been cleaned while Your bag may/might have been taken The accident cant have been reported to
Question Tags. Page 94. 1. isnt it? 2. dont we? 3. didnt she? 4. havent you? 5. hadnt we? 6. doesnt she? 7. will/would you? 8. arent I? 9. shall we? 10.does he? In Case & So That. Page95-96. 1. You should in case you have a fire. 2. The film star so that he wouldnt be recognised. 3. She packed so that they wouldnt get broken 4. You should always in case you have a puncture. 5. Take this serum in case you get bitten. 6. The thief wore gloves so that he wouldnt leave 7. The notices so that everyone understands them. 8. Youd better so that if they get stolen you can Phrasal Verbs. Page 96. 1. off 2. go over/through 3. without 4. down with 5. with 6. through 7. in for 8. on Prepositional Phrases. Page 97. 1. to/for stepping 2. for helping 3. of/staying 4. for forgetting 5. on taking 6. for being 7. of doing 8. at repairing 9. of passing 10.on going 11.for maintaining 12.of waiting 13.in finding 14.about looking 15.from coming 16.to having 17.like studying 18.of breaking 19.of committing 20.of living
someone tries to to have been a mistake to stay .. I had written down she would ever wear it. You shouldnt have left the window open..
C 1. arrived 2. had been told 3. was 4. was 5. asked 6. said 7. hadnt been 8. wanted 9. had come 10.told 11.admitted 12.had never 13.assured 14.sold 15.wouldnt be 1. returned 2. saw 3. had broken 4. was 5. was 6. were 7. had just left 8. had heard 9. had run 10.had helped 11.was 12.poured 13.wondered 14.had found 15.hoped 16.had been given 17.had died 18.hadnt had 19.hadnt wanted 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. had just been asked he would stay having could have given will
Phrasal Verbs. Page 129-134 a) give/take 1. give in 2. gave in 3. gave way 4. take up 5. took over 6. give back 7. takes off 8. taken in 9. gave up 10.take after 11.took on 12.gave away
Consolidation Units 4B-6B Phrasal Verbs. Page 129-134 b) put 1. c) 2. h) 3. g) 4. b) 5. d) 6. a) 7. e) 8. f) c) take 1. g) 2. h) 3. d) 4. c) 5. e) 6. a) 7. f) 8. b) d) go/come 1. go 2. come 3. go 4. come 5. off e) go/come 1. b) 2. f) 3. e) 4. g) 5. h) 6. j) 7. a) 8. i) 9. c) 10.d) f) 1. off 2. on 3. out 4. round 5. through 6. with 7. out 8. off g) get 1. e) 2. f) 3. b) 4. g) 5. i) 6. h) 7. a) 8. d) 9. c) h) 1. c) 2. g) 3. f) 4. b) 5. h) 6. a) 7. e) 8) d)
i) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. j) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
with get away with run away with get along with catch up with has gone down with put up with keep up with mixed phrasal verbs c) e) h) f) a) g) d) b)
Review of Articles. Page 134-137. a) 1. A 2. 3. a 4. a 5. 6. The 7. the 8. 9. the 10. 11.the 12.the 13.the 14.The 15.the 16.17. 18.a 19.A 20.a 21.the 22.the 23.a 24.a 25.b) 1. lamb 2. a lamb 3. a cake 4. cake 5. very fine cloth 6. a cloth 7. a talk/the Russian revolution 8. talk 9. Service 10.The Health Service 11.The Times 12.Time 13.poetry 14.a poem 15.ice 16.The ice
c) 1. a 2. the 3. a/The/-/the 4. a 5. the/a 6. a/the-/a/the 7. the 8. A/a/9. The/a/the/-/-/the 10.the/d) 1. some lovely fingers 2. the history 3. a lovely 4. Some people came the people who 5. buy some bread at the shops 6. the bad weather 7. The people who 8. the unemployment. e) 1. 2. the 3. 4. a 5. the 6. 7. 8. -/9. a 10.11.12.an 13.the 14.the
Pg. 152-153-154 Ex XIV 1) b 12) d 2) b 13) c 3) b 4) a 5) c 15) d 6) d 16) c 7)a 17) a 8) b 18) d 9) c 10) b 11)a
14) a
19) b
Pg. 155-156 Ex XV 1) c 11) c 2) d 12) d 3) c 13) a 4) d 14) a 5) b 15) c 6) d 16) d 7) c 17) c 8) d 9) b 10) b 20) c
18) a 19) b
Pg. 157-158 Ex XVI 1) c 11) d 2) d 12) a 3) a 13) c 4) c 14) d 5) a 15) b 6) d 16) a 7) d 17) c 8) a 9) b 10) d 20) c
18) b 19) d
Pg. 159-160-161-162 Ex XVII 1) b 11) a 21) b 31) a 2) d 12) c 22) c 32) b 3) a 13) d 23) d 4) c 14) b 24) a 5) b 6) b 7) b 17) d 27)a 8) d 9) c 10) d 20) a 30) c
Pg. 163-164-165-166-167 Ex XVIII 1) d 2) b 3) b 13) d 23) c 4) a 14) a 24) c 35) a 5) b 6) c 7)a 17)a 26) b 38) a 8) b 9) a 10) c 20) a 29) b 41) d 30) b 42) a 31) c 43) c
28) c 40) d
Pg. 168-169-170-171-172-173 Ex XIX 1) b 2) b 3) d 13) d 23) c 4) d 14) c 24) b 35) b 5) c 6) d 7) d 17)d 8) b 9) c 10) a
18) a 19) b 20) d 27) c 28) d 29) b 30) a 42)b 31) c 43) c
26) c
37) b
38) c
39) c
40) d
41) a
47) a 48) a
Pg. 174-175-176-177-178 Ex XX 1) d 2) b 3) a 13) a 23) c 4) d 14) b 24) a 35)b 5) a 15) c 25) a 36) b 6) c 16) c 26) c 37) a 7) d 17) b 27) b 38) b 8) d 9) b 10) c 20) c 30) a 31) c 43) d
41) c
42) a
47) a
48) a
Pg. 179-180-181-182-183-184-185 Ex XXI 1) b 13) c 22) a 32) c 42) b 52) c 62) d 2) a 14) d 23) d 33) b 43) a 53) a 63) c 3) d 4) a 5) c 6) a 17) d 26) c 36) d 46) a 56) c 66) a 7) c 18) c 27) a 37) c 47) d 57) c 67) a 8) b 9) d 10) c 11) b 20) b 30) d 40) c 50) c 60) c 12) c 21) d 31) a 41) b 51) b 61) b
19) no question 28) d 38) d 48) b 58) a 29) b 39) a 49) b 59) b