Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Siemens AG 2008
Seminar
Strategies for distribution automation Control in substations and outstations Communication Process optimization in the Control
Center and customer related activities
Control Center
Substation
Substation
Substation
Page 3
Jan 2008
Tuesday, Jan 29, 2008 Section 1: Goal, task and aspects of distribution automation Section 2: Impacts on planning of distribution automation Section 3: Selection of substations to work under automation automation layout Section 4: Which parameters should be measured or controlled ? Section 5: Selection criteria for hardware, software and communications Section 6: Distribution automation standards
Page 4
Jan 2008
Wednesday, Jan 30, 2008 Section 7: SCADA functionalities Section 8: DMS functionalities Section 9: Case study presentation Section 10: Distribution system automation personnel skills Section 11: Maintenance and support procedures
Page 5
Jan 2008
Tuesday, Jan 29, 2008 Section 1: Goal, task and aspects of distribution automation Section 2: Impacts on planning of distribution automation Section 3: Selection of substations to work under automation automation layout Section 4: Which parameters should be measured or controlled ? Section 5: Selection criteria for hardware, software and communications Section 6: Distribution automation standards
Page 6
Jan 2008
The primary aim of an electricity supply system is to meet the customers demands for energy (in sufficient quantity and quality, at the required time and at an acceptable price)
Similarity to other goods consumption processes, the Electricity Business comprises 4 basics components
Page 7
Jan 2008
Suppliers View
high
Customers View
high
efficiency with low losses few assets easy service less maintenance fast fault detection
Page 8
Jan 2008
350 300
Customer-weighted indicators
Power-weighted indicators
Time [min]
250 200
152 191 157
180
150 100
57 63
50
15
25
0
GER NLD FRA GBR SWE NOR ITA SPA POR
Country
Page 11 Jan 2008 Dr. Roland Eichler
60 9.
h W k /
$
6
de a Tr
&
es c i rv e S
ustry d n I e Larg
Sm
y str u Ind l l a
kW / 5 1.3
+$
/ kW 5 5.2
0 $ 2.7
/ kW
/ kWh 0 0 . +$3
lture u c i r Ag
5 / kW 7 . 0 $
h 0 / kW 5 . 2 +$
Domestic
20 Page 12 Jan 2008 Dr. Roland Eichler
Outages Duration
Page 13
Jan 2008
The transmission and the sub-transmission system have already high reliability Therefore: Distribution Automation has the best ratio Improvement to Invest Strategies to optimize the distribution system n-1 strategies are very expensive structure of the system can not be changed easily But even with rather cheap measures one can reduce the outage times dramatically
Page 14
Jan 2008
1.0
Reliability [Rel] 25% 10% Assembly Design
C2
Rel2
40%
Equipment
Page 15
Jan 2008
Supply Quality
Page 16 Jan 2008 Dr. Roland Eichler Siemens AG 2008 Power Transmission and Distribution
Page 18
Jan 2008
Maintenance Management
Data Management
Network Control
Page 19
Jan 2008
Page 20
Jan 2008
Increased safety and security Operation of any electrically controllable device can be securely inhibited at the SCADA master station Remote outstations can be monitored for intrusion Reduction of staff in remote outstations Power Quality Calculations (Power Auditing) the open market imposes penalties for quality of service not compliant with minimum characteristics. Energy and Power Balances some utilities have high amount of energy losses. The first step for correcting this problem is to determine where losses larger than normal are located, this includes both technical and non-technical losses
Page 21 Jan 2008 Dr. Roland Eichler Siemens AG 2008 Power Transmission and Distribution
Maintenance Management
Data Management
Network Control
Page 23
Jan 2008
identification Loss reduction Revenue enhancement Operational Efficiency and Asset Utilization Monitor energy balance & peak demand reduction Faster response time to customers Earn from innovative services to consumers e.g.
Loss Load
By
Page 24
Jan 2008
Maintenance Management
Data Management
Network Control
Page 25
Jan 2008
Integration
of meter-to-bill processes and systems Improve cash flow, and system reliability of customer data and meter data repositories Improve trust and reduce cost
Consolidation
Allowing
web-based display and usage of energy demand and consumption information at the consumers site Reduce cost, improve customer retention / satisfaction and quality real time monitoring of power quality information and automated response to energy distribution events power quality services and increase margin
Siemens AG 2008 Power Transmission and Distribution
Enabling
Sell
Page 26
Jan 2008
Maintenance Management
Data Management
Network Control
Page 27
Jan 2008
Calculation of Quality of Service Indices for individual distribution points clear proof of power supply quality
Page 28 Jan 2008 Dr. Roland Eichler Siemens AG 2008 Power Transmission and Distribution
Tuesday, Jan 29, 2008 Section 1: Goal, task and aspects of distribution automation Section 2: Impacts on planning of distribution automation Section 3: Selection of substations to work under automation automation layout Section 4: Which parameters should be measured or controlled ? Section 5: Selection criteria for hardware, software and communications Section 6: Distribution automation standards
Page 30
Jan 2008
Impacts on planning of distribution automation (I) The general benefits from distribution automation have been clarified in Section 1. This has answered the WHY of distribution automation. The utilitys priority of goals defines WHAT shall be done i.e. what is more important to achieve:
increasing supply reliability increasing power quality decreasing cost decreasing loss of revenue etc
This priority list will guide the selection of the most suitable program for distribution automation i.e. what will be done first.
Page 31 Jan 2008 Dr. Roland Eichler Siemens AG 2008 Power Transmission and Distribution
Impacts on planning of distribution automation (II) After the utility has answered the strategic WHAT question the next question is HOW the distribution automation solution shall be implemented i.e. what are technical / environmental / legal / constraints. This concerns issues such as:
overhead vs. underground networks availability of communication technology available (inter-)national standards already existing automation / communication infrastructure accessibility of substations current and future importance of substations etc
Page 32
Jan 2008
Impacts on planning of distribution automation (III) Normally there will be several proposals for achieving the WHAT goals considering the HOW constraints. Besides the achievement of the strategic WHAT criteria there are general criteria for selecting the most suitable distribution automation proposal:
flexibility of the distribution automation solution in case of changing
strategic goals of the utility flexibility for adding more services/business in the future expandability of the distribution automation solution in case of growing system size e.g. due to mergers with other utilities reliability of the distribution automation solution itself investment cost & cost for operation and maintenance of the distribution automation solution vs. monetary achievements
Page 33 Jan 2008 Dr. Roland Eichler Siemens AG 2008 Power Transmission and Distribution
Components of a distribution automation solution (I) A properly selected distribution automation solution will comprise answers to the following questions:
Which substations should be automated to what extent ? Remote metering/monitoring Remote switch control Which data shall be collected from which substation ? Which control centers shall be built/used (centralized/distributed) ? Which redundancy concepts shall be implemented ? Which communication media shall be built/used for which type of
link? Which communication configuration shall be built (point-to-point, network, radial, ...) ?
Siemens AG 2008 Power Transmission and Distribution
Page 34
Jan 2008
Which software packages are required ? Which interfaces are required ? to external control centers to external applications, such as GIS, CRM, etc Which metering, accounting, settlement and billing process shall be
applied ?
Which standards shall be used ?
Page 35
Jan 2008
What is the capital expenditure for such a system ? Which achievements are expected with regard to the strategic WHAT
goals ?
reduction of outage frequency reduction of outage duration cost reduction etc How can such a system be implemented and maintained ? How can databases be populated and maintained ? How can the implementation be split in several phases for early
benefit achieving ? Which training is needed at what time for operational staff and administration ?
Page 36 Jan 2008 Dr. Roland Eichler Siemens AG 2008 Power Transmission and Distribution
Anticipated Problems with Distribution Automation #1: Centralized Control System Apprehension: Due to the automation of distribution networks the number of data points and RTU lines to be processed increases dramatically and thus exceeds the processing capabilities of centralized systems
large amount of data is not any more limiting the processing
capabilities of modern SCADA/DMS modern process interfaces can handle hundreds of RTU lines, furthermore there are possibilities for running several RTU servers in parallel lean RTU interfacing by means of TCP/IP based protocols use of modem pools cascading of RTUs, i.e. small field RTUs talk through large substation RTUs
Page 37 Jan 2008 Dr. Roland Eichler Siemens AG 2008 Power Transmission and Distribution
Apprehension: The automation of distribution networks fails due to insufficient communication lines.
cascading of RTUs reduces the number of communication lines
needed
alternative communication media are available power line carrier over distribution lines mobile phone networks such as GSM, GPRS dial-up lines over public phone companies
Page 38
Jan 2008
reduction from regulation authorities on distribution companies will constantly grow and justify ever more investment in distribution automation
cost for energy automation equipment and communication
equipment is decreasing particularly for compact RTUs and dial-up connections via mobile telephone systems
distribution automation does not come as big bang; it rather grows
over time closely coordinated with investment / maintenance programs for substations
Page 39 Jan 2008 Dr. Roland Eichler Siemens AG 2008 Power Transmission and Distribution
Tuesday, Jan 29, 2008 Section 1: Goal, task and aspects of distribution automation Section 2: Impacts on planning of distribution automation Section 3: Selection of substations to work under automation automation layout Section 4: Which parameters should be measured or controlled ? Section 5: Selection criteria for hardware, software and communications Section 6: Distribution automation standards
Page 40
Jan 2008
The Last Meters: Low Voltage 115 V /125 V Systems Mainly used in USA, Canada, Brasilia, Mexico, Saudi Arabia, Korea, Philippines typical 60 Hz and requires transformer nearby the consumer main distribution to the end consumer is done by the MV grid 230 V / 400 V Systems Mainly used in Europe typical 50 Hz Ohmic power losses enable distance up to 2 km to the next MV / LV transformer main distribution to the end consumer is done by the LV grid
Siemens AG 2008 Power Transmission and Distribution
Page 41
Jan 2008
Subtransmission Regional
Distribution System
Low Voltage
Page 42 Jan 2008 Dr. Roland Eichler Siemens AG 2008 Power Transmission and Distribution
Subtransmission Regional
Distribution System
Low Voltage
Page 43 Jan 2008 Dr. Roland Eichler Siemens AG 2008 Power Transmission and Distribution
220KV
X X X X
X X
X X 33KV
Page 44
Jan 2008
Fuse
20/0,4kV S
Isolation point
At a suitable point on the network the loop is opened by a sectionalising device S. This may be a circuit breaker, switch, fuse or link. The system then effectively operates as two radial feeders. Siemens AG 2008
Page 45 Jan 2008 Dr. Roland Eichler Power Transmission and Distribution
Page 46
Jan 2008
FO to next S/S
RTU (IEC104)
Meter
CT, VT
Sample configuration
RTU (IEC101)
Sample configuration
centralized distribution system operation is less costly centralized distribution system operation reduces time to restore
Page 49
Jan 2008
Steps of Distribution Automation Step 1a: Automation of feeder heads in HV/MV substations
in
case of a new HV/MV substation the whole scope of automation shall be built in:
remote
signaling of all switching element statuses remote control of circuit breakers digital protection devices provide analog measurements in normal operation and fault operation
in
fault information from protection equipment per field remote control of circuit breakers analog measurements of feeder currents more switching status information (isolator, earthing switch, ...)
Dr. Roland Eichler Siemens AG 2008 Power Transmission and Distribution
Page 50
Jan 2008
Major switching substation: three (3) outgoing feeders or more circuit breaker and protection In case of a new switching substation the whole scope of automation shall be built in (see Step 1a) In case of retrofitting switching substations the same priorities apply as in Step 1a.
Page 51
Jan 2008
Steps of Distribution Automation Step 1c: Remote signaling of selected fault current sensors
With this step the utility has reached the level of automated centralized fault location:
evaluation of topology information evaluation of fault impedances evaluation of fault current sensor information consideration of additional information received via phone
Page 52
Jan 2008
Remote control of load switches This normally implies the necessity to motorize the switches.
Page 53
Jan 2008
remote signaling of fault information remote switching remote signaling of analog measurements
This enables new business opportunities for providing high-quality power supply services to those customers.
Siemens AG 2008 Power Transmission and Distribution
Page 54
Jan 2008
Selection of distribution substations for automation For the selection of distribution substations for automation two main questions have to be answered:
(A) What is the most reasonable and beneficial
rate of automation for distribution substations? (B) Which dedicated distribution substations shall be automated ? The goal of distribution substation automation is basically to reduce the average interruption time of energy supply in the distribution network. In case of a feeder trip the SCADA/DMS operators get fault indication from automated distribution substations. Within a short time a part of the affected consumers can be re-supplied by reconfiguring the distribution network by remote control actions from the SCADA/DMS. DMS applications will support the operator in defining the most appropriate switching sequence (Section 8).
Page 55 Jan 2008 Dr. Roland Eichler Siemens AG 2008 Power Transmission and Distribution
Selection of distribution substations for automation Question (A): Automation Rate (I)
A fault on a cable section causes the feeder to trip. Two distribution substations will send fault indications and faultdirection to the control centre. Based on this information the operator can re-supply ~ 50% of the affected consumers by performing switching actions 2 - 5. This can be done within a time period of 3 minutes.
1. trip 3. close
4. open
Selection of distribution substations for automation Question (A): Automation Rate (II)
Compared to nonautomation, the restoration crew can work faster since the area of intervention is only a part of the feeder. Fault isolation and service restoration are done by conventional methods. The crew on site can be supported by the operators in the control centre. Average conventional restoration time is estimated to be reduced by 50 % (40 minutes 20 minutes).
Selection of distribution substations for automation Question (A): Automation Rate (III)
As result of this scenario the service restoration time will be reduced from approximately 40 minutes to approximately 11 Minutes. 50 % of consumers are re-supplied after 50 % of consumers are re-supplied after => average interruption time 3 minutes 20 minutes ~11 minutes
This kind of estimation of outage time reduction can be repeated for other values of the automation rate. The diagram on the next page indicates the average interruption time as function of the number of automated substations (magenta) taken from a study case. Relevant study case data are given on the following page. The blue curve is representing the Net Present Value (cost/benefit ratio). The costs are based on the substation adaptation investments, the benefits are calculated from more energy sold due to reduced average interruption time.
Page 58
Jan 2008
Selection of distribution substations for automation Question (A): Automation Rate (IV)
Page 59
Jan 2008
Selection of distribution substations for automation (VI) Question (B): Selection of Substations
The selection of dedicated substations for automation does not follow a strict and simple algorithm. It is rather guided by fuzzy criteria on two levels: Feeder level Such feeders will be preferred that have higher load density higher fault density than others Substation level Obviously the substation with normal open points will be automated first on a selected feeder. As regards other substations, the leading criterion is the load that can be affected i.e. those substations will be preferred that have large industrial consumers connected spur lines with high load connected Finally, the time needed for manual switching plays a role i.e. those substations will be preferred that have long travel time to reach
Page 60 Jan 2008 Dr. Roland Eichler Siemens AG 2008 Power Transmission and Distribution
Tuesday, Jan 29, 2008 Section 1: Goal, task and aspects of distribution automation Section 2: Impacts on planning of distribution automation Section 3: Selection of substations to work under automation automation layout Section 4: Which parameters should be measured or controlled ? Section 5: Selection criteria for hardware, software and communications Section 6: Distribution automation standards
Page 61
Jan 2008
system, Chargers, Communication Devices etc. Status from the protection devices Transformer tap position
Page 62
Jan 2008
Status Status Measured Value Alarm Alarm Alarm Alarm Alarm Alarm
M M M M
1. Extend by SCADA data model of distribution feeders (topology, switches) enabling Operation Applications (Section 8) 2. Extend by engineering data of line/cable segments and load models enabling Distribution Network Applications (Section 8) 3. Add measurements from automated distribution substations; substitute load models
Page 64 Jan 2008 Dr. Roland Eichler Siemens AG 2008 Power Transmission and Distribution
I> (t)
IS1
dt
For effective failure detection and location short-circuits and earth-faults must be observed. Combined shortcircuit and earth-fault indicators are most economical. Indicators can be installed on outgoing feeders of RMUs. The fault detection facility generates alarms in case of high current peaks. However, the facility shall prevent faulty indications due to magnetizinginrush currents, other transient and nofault conditions.
Page 65
Jan 2008
I>> Ie
RMU
I>> Ie
RMU
I>> Ie
RMU
I>> Ie
RMU
I>> Ie
RMU
I>> Ie
Page 66
Jan 2008
Protection has tripped circuit breaker CB Transient fault? Automatic recovery? Localize fault phone calls, relay data, Remote Terminal Units (RTU),
visually Open isolator and ground equipment Restore supply as much as possible Do nessesary repair work Fault removed, line repaired Remove grounding and close isolator or replace fuse Switch back to normal state
Page 67
Jan 2008
Rural a lot of overhead lines intermediate short circuits birds trees wind Auto recloser strategies
Page 68
Jan 2008
OC
OC
Page 70
Jan 2008
Page 71
Jan 2008
Single indications:
Q0 1
M
Q0 1
M
Q0 1
M
-F1
Short circuit indicator RK1 Short circuit indicator RK2 Fuse blown Grouped Indication Auxiliary power failure Transformer temperature alarm Remote control off UPS failure Station open
A5 1 -T1
3
A5 1 -T1
3
A5 1
Meters (optional):
Meter feeder
Double commands:
-T5 -T5 Ring unit 1 isolator Ring unit 2 isolator Feeder On/OFF On/OFF On/OFF
Analogs (optional): Ring Unit 1 Ring Unit 2 Feeder to LV transformer Dr. Roland Eichler
Ring unit 1 Current Phase L2 Ring unit 1 Voltage L2-N Ring unit 2 Current Phase L2 Ring unit 2 Voltage L2-N
Page 72
Jan 2008
SB11
20
40
60 [sec]
Example of network configuration. The network is divided into four sections. In the example is there a fault between SB21 and SB22. A central control unit is placed with the circuit breakers (E1,E2). The circuit breakers could be taken in and out from the central control unit. Decentral control units are placed with the line switches in each section (SB11,SB-R,SB21 and SB22) .These units get information from a voltage sensing system and control each line switch. In a ring configuration it is a must to have a voltage sensing system on both sides of the line switch.
Siemens AG 2008 Power Transmission and Distribution
Page 73
Jan 2008
20
40
60 [sec]
With a fault in the network configuration, the protection relay will take the circuit breaker (E2) out. The central control unit will try to put the circuit breaker in, but in a faulty network configuration the protection relay will take out the circuit breaker again.
Page 74 Jan 2008 Dr. Roland Eichler Siemens AG 2008 Power Transmission and Distribution
20
40
60 [sec]
This procedure indicates to all units (SB21,SB22 and SB-R) that the network configuration is faulty, and the automatic sectioning starts. All decentral control units (SB21 and SB22) take out the line switches .
Page 75
Jan 2008
20
40
60 [sec]
The central control unit closes the circuit breaker after 20 seconds, to test the first part of the network configuration .
Page 76
Jan 2008
20
40
60 [sec]
After 40 seconds the decentral control unit (SB21) closes the line switch.
Page 77
Jan 2008
20
40
60 [sec]
Because this part of the configuration (SB21 SB22) is faulty, the central unit will take out the circuit breaker. The decentral control unit (SB21) discovers that the voltage only was in for a short time, and then takes out the line switch and locks it.
Page 78 Jan 2008 Dr. Roland Eichler Siemens AG 2008 Power Transmission and Distribution
20
40
60 [sec]
The decentral control unit (SB22) discovers that the voltage was in only for a short time, and because of the voltage sensing system of both sides of the switch, the unit knows that the fault is between SB21 and SB22. The decentral control unit (SB22) will then lock the line switch.
Page 79 Jan 2008 Dr. Roland Eichler Siemens AG 2008 Power Transmission and Distribution
20
40
60 [sec]
The decentral control unit (SB-R) have detect the start of the automatic sectioning. The decentral control unit (SB-R) has not detected any voltage on the side SB-R SB22. After a time (60 seconds) the unit knows that the fault is between SB21 and SB 22, and the line switch (SB-R) is closed. Now at this time the part between SB21 and SB22 (the faulty) is disconnected from the healthy part of the network configuration.
Page 80 Jan 2008 Dr. Roland Eichler
Page 81
Jan 2008
Sectionalizer enable a system for automatic sectioning in a network configuration. Automatic sectioning is based on switching on and out line switches and circuit breaker in a controlled sequence to find errors in the network. When the errors are found, the system will take out the faulty part of the configuration.
Page 82
Jan 2008
e. g. 110/ 20kV E1
L3
S1: 500 kW S5: 250 kW
L2 L1
S2: 250 kW
S3: 375 kW
L4
L5
S6: 150 kW
Circuit breaker
Load-breaking switch
Power Transformer
Example of network configuration. The network is divided into six sections (S1 S6)
Page 83 Jan 2008 Dr. Roland Eichler Siemens AG 2008 Power Transmission and Distribution
Sectionalizer (1)
S4: 250 kW
e. g. 110/ 20kV E1
L3
S1: 500 kW S5: 250 kW
L2 L1
S2: 250 kW
S3: 375 kW
L4
L5
S6: 150 kW
20
40
60
80
100
120
140 [sec]
With at fault in the network configuration, the protection relay will take out the circuit breaker.
Siemens AG 2008 Power Transmission and Distribution
Page 84
Jan 2008
Sectionalizer (2)
S4: 250 kW
e. g. 110/ 20kV E1
L3
S1: 500 kW S5: 250 kW
L2 L1
S2: 250 kW
S3: 375 kW
L4
L5
S6: 150 kW
20
40
60
80
100
120
140 [sec]
The central control unit (E1) will try to put the circuit breaker in but in a faulty network configuration.
Siemens AG 2008 Power Transmission and Distribution
Page 85
Jan 2008
Sectionalizer (3)
S4: 250 kW
e. g. 110/ 20kV E1
L3
S1: 500 kW S5: 250 kW
L2 L1
S2: 250 kW
S3: 375 kW
L4
L5
S6: 150 kW
20
40
60
80
100
120
140 [sec]
The protection relay will take out the circuit breaker again.
Siemens AG 2008 Power Transmission and Distribution
Page 86
Jan 2008
Sectionalizer (4)
S4: 250 kW
e. g. 110/ 20kV E1
L3
S1: 500 kW S5: 250 kW
L2 L1
S2: 250 kW
S3: 375 kW
L4
L5
S6: 150 kW
20
40
60
80
100
120
140 [sec]
This procedure indicates to all units (E1 and L1 .. L5) that the network configuration is faulty, and the automatic sectioning starts. The automatic sectioning starts at relative time 0 seconds. All decentral control units (L1 .. L5) take out the line switches .
Page 87 Jan 2008 Dr. Roland Eichler Siemens AG 2008 Power Transmission and Distribution
Sectionalizer (5)
S4: 250 kW
e. g. 110/ 20kV E1
L3
S1: 500 kW S5: 250 kW
L2 L1
S2: 250 kW
S3: 375 kW
L4
L5
S6: 150 kW
20
40
60
80
100
120
140 [sec]
The central control unit closes the circuit breaker after 20 seconds, to test the first part of the network configuration (S1).
Page 88 Jan 2008 Dr. Roland Eichler Siemens AG 2008 Power Transmission and Distribution
Sectionalizer (6)
S4: 250 kW
e. g. 110/ 20kV E1
L3
S1: 500 kW S5: 250 kW
L2 L1
S2: 250 kW
S3: 375 kW
L4
L5
S6: 150 kW
20
40
60
80
100
120
140 [sec]
After 40 seconds the decentral control unit (L1) closes the line switch.
Page 89
Jan 2008
Sectionalizer (7)
S4: 250 kW
e. g. 110/ 20kV E1
L3
S1: 500 kW S5: 250 kW
L2 L1
S2: 250 kW
S3: 375 kW
L4
L5
S6: 150 kW
20
40
60
80
100
120
140 [sec]
Because this part of the configuration (S2) is faulty, the central unit (E1) will take out the circuit breaker.
Page 90 Jan 2008 Dr. Roland Eichler Siemens AG 2008 Power Transmission and Distribution
Sectionalizer (8)
S4: 250 kW
e. g. 110/ 20kV E1
L3
S1: 500 kW S5: 250 kW
L2 L1
S2: 250 kW
S3: 375 kW
L4
L5
S6: 150 kW
20
40
60
80
100
120
140 [sec]
The decentral control unit (L1) discovers that the voltage only was in for a short time, and then takes out the line switch and locks it. At this time the section S2 (the faulty) is disconnected from the healthy part of the network configuration.
Page 91 Jan 2008 Dr. Roland Eichler Siemens AG 2008 Power Transmission and Distribution
Sectionalizer (9)
S4: 250 kW
e. g. 110/ 20kV E1
L3
S1: 500 kW S5: 250 kW
L2 L1
S2: 250 kW
S3: 375 kW
L4
L5
S6: 150 kW
20
40
60
80
100
120
140 [sec]
After 60 seconds the central unit (E1) closes the circuit breaker.
Page 92
Jan 2008
Sectionalizer (10)
S4: 250 kW
e. g. 110/ 20kV E1
L3
S1: 500 kW S5: 250 kW
L2 L1
S2: 250 kW
S3: 375 kW
L4
L5
S6: 150 kW
20
40
60
80
100
120
140 [sec]
The decentral control unit (L2) closes the line switch in due to the voltage sensing system.
Page 93 Jan 2008 Dr. Roland Eichler Siemens AG 2008 Power Transmission and Distribution
Sectionalizer (11)
S4: 250 kW
e. g. 110/ 20kV E1
L3
S1: 500 kW S5: 250 kW
L2 L1
S2: 250 kW
S3: 375 kW
L4
L5
S6: 150 kW
20
40
60
80
100
120
140 [sec]
After 80 seconds the decentral unit (L3) close the line switch in due to the voltage sensing system.
Page 94 Jan 2008 Dr. Roland Eichler Siemens AG 2008 Power Transmission and Distribution
Sectionalizer (12)
S4: 250 kW
e. g. 110/ 20kV E1
L3
S1: 500 kW S5: 250 kW
L2 L1
S2: 250 kW
S3: 375 kW
L4
L5
S6: 150 kW
20
40
60
80
100
120
140 [sec]
After 100 seconds the decentral unit (L4) close the line switch in due to the voltage sensing system.
Siemens AG 2008 Power Transmission and Distribution
Page 95
Jan 2008
Sectionalizer (13)
S4: 250 kW
e. g. 110/ 20kV E1
L3
S1: 500 kW S5: 250 kW
L2 L1
S2: 250 kW
S3: 375 kW
L4
L5
S6: 150 kW
20
40
60
80
100
120
140 [sec]
Because this part of the configuration (S4) is faulty, the central unit (E1) will take out the circuit breaker.
Page 96 Jan 2008 Dr. Roland Eichler Siemens AG 2008 Power Transmission and Distribution
Sectionalizer (14)
S4: 250 kW
e. g. 110/ 20kV E1
L3
S1: 500 kW S5: 250 kW
L2 L1
S2: 250 kW
S3: 375 kW
L4
L5
S6: 150 kW
20
40
60
80
100
120
140 [sec]
The decentral control unit (L4) discovers that the voltage only was in for a short time, and then takes out the line switch and locks it. At this time the section S4 (the faulty) is disconnected from the healthy part of the network configuration.
Page 97 Jan 2008 Dr. Roland Eichler Siemens AG 2008 Power Transmission and Distribution
Sectionalizer (15)
S4: 250 kW
e. g. 110/ 20kV E1
L3
S1: 500 kW S5: 250 kW
L2 L1
S2: 250 kW
S3: 375 kW
L4
L5
S6: 150 kW
20
40
60
80
100
120
140 [sec]
After 120 seconds the central unit closes the circuit breaker and the automatic sectioning is finished. The decentral control unit (L5) could be designed to close the line switch after 120 seconds.
Page 98 Jan 2008 Dr. Roland Eichler Siemens AG 2008 Power Transmission and Distribution
Sectionalizer (16)
S4: 250 kW
e. g. 110/ 20kV E1
L3
S1: 500 kW S5: 250 kW
L2 L1
S2: 250 kW
S3: 375 kW
L5
S6: 150 kW
20
40
60
80
100
120
140 [sec]
The central control unit sets outputs (lamps) for each section (S1 S6) which is faulty. It is also possible to send this information to a network control system via IEC 6870-5-101 protocol, or/and send SMS messages.
Page 99 Jan 2008 Dr. Roland Eichler Siemens AG 2008 Power Transmission and Distribution
Page 100
Jan 2008
Tuesday, Jan 29, 2008 Section 1: Goal, task and aspects of distribution automation Section 2: Impacts on planning of distribution automation Section 3: Selection of substations to work under automation layout Section 4: Which parameters should be measured or controlled ? Section 5: Selection criteria for hardware, software and communications Section 6: Distribution automation standards automation
Page 101
Jan 2008
...
Business Services
Enterprise Integration Bus Meter data Advanced applications Network Network management information (EMS, DMS, EBM, Trading) planning
...
SCADA etc.
Gateway IT Integration
Information gateway
ASP Administration
$Trader
Private & public networks Multi-site Power Exchange Meters
xxxx x xxx xxx xx
Communication
Page 102
Jan 2008
Communication Media
Optical Fiber
Public Network
Copper Cable
GSM/CDMA Network
Radio
Power Line
Page 103 Jan 2008 Dr. Roland Eichler Siemens AG 2008 Power Transmission and Distribution
RTU
Backbone Network
MV - Line
RTU
RTU
RTU RTU
Page 104 Jan 2008 Dr. Roland Eichler Siemens AG 2008 Power Transmission and Distribution
Control Center
TCI
No. 1
Optical Fibre
No. Z
MV - Line
MUX
RTU
RTU RTU
Page 105 Jan 2008 Dr. Roland Eichler Siemens AG 2008 Power Transmission and Distribution
Costs
Reliability
Network Design
Regulations
Page 106 Jan 2008 Dr. Roland Eichler
Performance
Siemens AG 2008 Power Transmission and Distribution
telephone company provides direct point-to-point connectivity between the RTU location and the control centre. On both end of the communication, a suitable modem appropriate to bandwidth (9600 bauds, 86 Kbps) is required. cost of the communication of this nature comprises the fixed cost to be paid as one-time charges (for Registration fees, Installation fees of the equipment) and the operational charges (for periodical subscription as well as usage). this type of communication facility seems to be economical, on a long term it may not turn up to be cost-effective, since one has to pay the periodical operation charges. other disadvantage is due to frequent failures of the lines, dependence of third party state-owned service provider. type of communication has limitations for future expansion as the number of RTUs / mRTUs increases. Siemens AG 2008
Jan 2008 Dr. Roland Eichler Power Transmission and Distribution
The
Though
The
This
Page 107
Few
telephones / modems are provided having dial-up facility at the control centre end, whereas at the RTU / mRTU ends the modems are to be provided with answering facility. a real-time operation, this kind of communication is not preferred due to the time consuming dial-up and answering process. However, for Automated Meter Reading or for checking the status of reclosers after disturbances dialup communication can be effectively utilized. cost of the communication of this nature comprise of the fixed cost to be paid as one time Registration fees, Installation fees of the equipment) and the periodical subscription as well as usage charges. however, are the same as indicated above for the Leased line communication.
Siemens AG 2008 Power Transmission and Distribution
For
The
Disadvantages,
Page 108
Jan 2008
With
the advent of mobile telephony, usage of GSM communication is becoming quite popular and widely used for data communication. Using GSM modems at the RTU end and the Control Centre end the data exchange can be introduced using urban mobile (GSM) networks. considering the GSM network as a feasible solution one has to be sure that mobile connectivity is available at all the RTU locations. is also an acceptable solution.
While
GPRS
Disadvantages
are similar as indicated above for leased line communication. Even more, GSM networks tend to be overloaded during peak hours and might make RTU communication unavailable for quite a while.
Page 109
Jan 2008
is required to lay extensive FO cables connecting primary stations, subdivisions and the control centre. Such systems, though The Best technical option to establish a TCP/IP network, requires considerably high cost. In addition to establishing of an extensive FO network, the associated terminating equipment and multiplexers are required at all the location from where the data is to be collected or to be dropped in. Though the solution does not look to be cost effective at first sight due to high initial costs, it may turn out to be cost effective, if the utility makes use of the extra fibers of the FO cable for other communication facility requirements such as voice, Fax, other IT applications. With the establishment of an own FO network, the utility has the responsibility for operation and maintenance of the network, but at the same time it has full control of system expansion in case of increasing number of (field-) RTUs. Fast wireless Ethernet modems are gradually becoming popular. The Ethernet modems are available in the rated range of 5 miles to 25 miles. Making use of such Ethernet modems together with FO based communication network as backbone, makes an ideal communication between distribution substations, receiving substations and the control centre.
Page 110 Jan 2008 Dr. Roland Eichler Siemens AG 2008 Power Transmission and Distribution
communication system using radio requires considerably high costs associated with procurement of radio systems, installation of towers and masts for antennas etc. once installed and put into operation, the communication system has low, annual costs for operations and maintenance. Thus it helps the utility to establish its own communication network. is necessary to obtain the frequency allotment / approval from the wireless agency or the prescribed authority as nominated by the state / govt. In general, yearly subscription fees for utilizing the frequency are required to be paid. implementing the solution, a detailed Sight of Line study is required to be carried out for the feasibility of the solution in a particular town / city. Obstruction make occur due to high rise buildings (also by not yet existing ones !).
Jan 2008 Dr. Roland Eichler Siemens AG 2008 Power Transmission and Distribution
However,
It
Before
Page 111
Costs
Page 112
Jan 2008
Cost Comparison
Telecontrol service (RTU) and remote load profile reading
Invest for assembly and operation
1800% 1600% 1400% 1200% 1000% 800% 600% 400% 200% 0%
e r) BT ow adio t R (no C I M DC r) CD line al) ble a C GS f c e a S ( S (lo tc ne l mod DC DC ilo ine ed li p l a i w s D ed Ne ea as L e L
dio Ra
*) This calculation depends on the regional conditions, the example based on the European / African market.
Transmission method Page 113 Jan 2008 Dr. Roland Eichler Siemens AG 2008 Power Transmission and Distribution
Page 114
Jan 2008
Data Transmission with Distribution Line Carrier (DLC) - Inductive coupling device
Conductor 1 Conductor 2 Conductor 3
Sealing end
Earthing strap
Earthing bar
BU
Page 115
Jan 2008
Data Transmission with Distribution Line Carrier (DLC) - Capacitive coupling device
Conductor 1 Conductor 2 Conductor 3
Connecting element
CDC
Earthing bar
Cable outlet Page 116 Jan 2008 Dr. Roland Eichler Siemens AG 2008 Power Transmission and Distribution
CENELEC Uniform hardware for Master & Slave Transmission rates up to 28.8kbit/s (depending on the line) Bypass of MV switchgear Simple & complex: MV line, tree or ring networks
Interfaces Telecontrol per IEC 60870-5-101 or DNP 3.0 Meters per IEC 61107 Medium-voltage line and telecontrol line
Page 117 Jan 2008 Dr. Roland Eichler Siemens AG 2008 Power Transmission and Distribution
Data Transmission with Distribution Line Carrier (DLC) Sample project: MEA Bangkok/Thailand
Control center
Distribution point
V.24 IEC 60870-5-101
MasterBU MV Line
V.24
IEC 60870-5-101
V.24
IEC 60870-5-101
BU MV Line
BU
BU
Page 118
Jan 2008
Data Transmission with Distribution Line Carrier (DLC) Sample project: MEA Bangkok/Thailand
Page 119
Jan 2008
...
Business Services
Enterprise Integration Bus Meter data Advanced applications Network Network management information (EMS, DMS, EBM, Trading) planning
...
SCADA etc.
Gateway IT Integration
Information gateway
ASP Administration
$Trader
Private & public networks Multi-site Power Exchange Meters
xxxx x xxx xxx xx
Communication
Page 120
Jan 2008
Interfaces
ORACLE DW
Front End
ELCOM
HIS
SDM
DMS
SA RO
DW EA
Operational DW Database
BASE ICCP SCADA
DSM
NA
PA
DTS
Interfaces
Base
Distribution
Dr. Roland Eichler
Generation
Transmission
Siemens AG 2008 Power Transmission and Distribution
Page 121
Jan 2008
Transmission Generation
LTOP LTOP GSA GSA EMM EMM FA FA SDT SDT PA PA DSM DSM SCADA SCADA IS&R IS&R DNA DNA OA OA UI UI Base Base Data Data GIS GIS Multi Multi BCK BCK CFE CFE Elcom Elcom ICCP ICCP TNA TNA TS TS GEI GEI IndC IndC
SCADA
Distribution
Page 122
Jan 2008
Advantages of SCADA-integrated DMS Applications (I) There are solutions available rather where a separate DMS software is linked to the SCADA system. Integrated DMS applications, however, means software components that have been designed and implemented to form an integrated solution together with the SCADA base system. This provides benefits to the user: Applications obtain current loading/switching states from SCADA Applications are triggered by SCADA (periodically, on event) Switching procedures determined by applications are automatically, fast and securely executed via the SCADA system Closed-loop applications possible (e.g. VVC)
Page 123
Jan 2008
Advantages of SCADA-integrated DMS Applications (II) There are solutions available rather where a separate DMS software is linked to the SCADA system. Integrated DMS applications, however, means software components that have been designed and implemented to form an integrated solution together with the SCADA base system. This provides benefits to the user: same user interface - less training effort, staff is productive earlier same system base - no extra cost for dealing with another system base same data model - less effort for data maintenance common database - operator sees consistent values in SCADA and applications, operators have trust in the applications, operators actually use the applications and realize their benefits common system environment - applications are easy to use, operators actually use the applications and realize their benefits
Page 124 Jan 2008 Dr. Roland Eichler Siemens AG 2008 Power Transmission and Distribution
: User Interface : Real Time Server (SCADA) : Communication Front-End : Power System Object Server (Data Model) : Advanced Application Server : Web Terminal Server
Page 125
Jan 2008
: User Interface : Real Time Server (SCADA) : Communication Front-End : Power System Object Server (Data Model) : Advanced Application Server : Web Terminal Server
Page 126
Jan 2008
: User Interface : Real Time Server (SCADA) : Communication Front-End : Power System Object Server (Data Model) : Advanced Application Server : Web Terminal Server
Page 127
Jan 2008
: User Interface : Real Time Server (SCADA) : Communication Front-End : Power System Object Server (Data Model) : Advanced Application Server : Web Terminal Server
Page 128
Jan 2008
Support
GPS Time system
Support
Operation
Operation
2 x Laser printer b/w
SCADA-DMS LAN
to Bckp
Router / Modem
to PDS
Front-end Front-end Server Server
Firewall
Web Server
Support
GIS
SAP
AMR
Page 129
Jan 2008
Support
GPS Time system
Support
Operation
Operation
2 x Laser printer b/w
SCADA-DMS LAN
to Bckp
Router / Modem
to PDS
Front-end Front-end Server Server
Firewall
Web Server
Man-Machine-Interface Information Management Information Storage & Retrieval Front End Distribution Management System Remote Terminal Unit Global Positioning System
Support
GIS
SAP
AMR
Page 130
Jan 2008
Support
GPS Time system
Support
Operation
Operation
2 x Laser printer b/w
SCADA-DMS LAN
to Bckp
Router / Modem
to PDS
Front-end Front-end Server Server
Firewall
Web Server
Man-Machine-Interface Information Management Information Storage & Retrieval Front End Distribution Management System Remote Terminal Unit Global Positioning System
Support
GIS
SAP
AMR
redundant
Meter
Page 131
Jan 2008
MCC CC 1 CC 2
CC 1
CC 2
CC 3
Independent CCs with different software configuration and data exchange over ICCP with CC1
CC 1 CC 2
Page 132 Jan 2008
?
CC 3
Dr. Roland Eichler Siemens AG 2008 Power Transmission and Distribution
Page 133
Jan 2008
Exchange of information between Control Centers Uniform data model and central data management, i.e. reduced maintenance effort Controlling the network from different Control Centers Increased availability Compensation of communication failures (i.e. automatic transmission of missing data after return of the connection) Possibility of delegating operator tasks permanently or during periods where Control Centers are un-staffed or understaffed Provision of backup or emergency systems Simple and fast design of emergency and system management concepts as well as straightforward implementation (configurability)
Page 134
Jan 2008
The Multisite concept allows connecting two or more control centers to a Multisite network. Hierarchical or equal-rank configurations and also combinations of them are possible. Each control center is autonomous and independent in the Multisite network. The control centers can have different hardware combinations and different data. The hardware configuration of one system is not visible to the software system of other control centers, i.e. each control center is regarded as a unit by all other control centers. All control centers are connected to each other via LAN/WAN links. The control centers communicate with each other via TCP/IP.
Page 135
Jan 2008
Page 136
Jan 2008
Information Information Network Network (RTUs, (RTUs, ICCP, ICCP, ...) ...)
Information Information Network Network (RTUs, (RTUs, ICCP, ICCP, ...) ...)
Information Information Network Network (RTUs, (RTUs, ICCP, ICCP, ...) ...)
Information Information Network Network (RTUs, (RTUs, ICCP, ICCP, ...) ...)
Page 137
Jan 2008
Information Information Network Network (RTUs, (RTUs, ICCP, ICCP, ...) ...)
Information Information Network Network (RTUs, (RTUs, ICCP, ICCP, ...) ...)
Information Information Network Network (RTUs, (RTUs, ICCP, ICCP, ...) ...)
Page 138
Jan 2008
Main
PC
SB
PC
SB
Bckp
Port 1
Port 2
RTU
Primary Substations
Independent (dual port) communication between RTU and Main/Bckp The Multisite backup concept allows data entry once for both locations Main and Backup are redundant and self-contained Fully automatic update of databases at both locations
Jan 2008 Dr. Roland Eichler Siemens AG 2008 Power Transmission and Distribution
Page 139
Main
PC
SB
PC
SB
Bckp
Port 1
Port 2
RTU
Normal operation: Port 1 sends to/receives from Main Port 2 sends to Backup
Primary Substations
Backup is continuously updated from Main (operator entered data) Backup is ready for take-over at any instant of time without any human interaction
Page 140 Jan 2008 Dr. Roland Eichler Siemens AG 2008 Power Transmission and Distribution
Main
PC
PC
SB
Bckp
Port 1
Port 2
RTU
Disturbed operation:
Primary Substations
Server fault at ECS standby server at ECS takes over, no other changes, completely transparent to operator Fault of communication link to ECS data to /from the affected RTU goes via the Backup CC Link and BCS, no other changes, completely transparent to operator All servers down at ECS (i.e. incl. spares !) operator at ECS can immediately connect
Page 141
his/her to BCS orEichler operation is performed from BCS Jan 2008 workstation Dr. Roland Power Transmission and Distribution
Siemens AG 2008
Page 142
Jan 2008
Page 143
Jan 2008
Page 144
Jan 2008
Page 145
Jan 2008
User access rights for controlling the access to the IMM data model
Siemens AG 2008 Power Transmission and Distribution
Page 146
Jan 2008
(*)
(*)
Page 147
Support TLS/SSL/PKI Security for ICCP Communications Jan 2008 Dr. Roland Eichler
Communication Equipment
Power Line Carrier, Radio, GSM, etc.
MV MV MV
R Cable R n.o.
OverheadLine T R
Substation Equipment
S
DistributionSubstation NS
Page 149
Jan 2008
systems must be designed as a whole, parts must fit together (interfaces, capacity, redundancy, ...) 9 DA grows over time 9 Must stay open to technology advances during implementation time
9 DA
9 Need
long-term vendor stability 9 Need profound vendor experience in large, complex, multitechnology projects 9 Need profound vendor understanding of business processes in the electricity distribution business
Page 150 Jan 2008 Dr. Roland Eichler Siemens AG 2008 Power Transmission and Distribution
Tuesday, Jan 29, 2008 Section 1: Goal, task and aspects of distribution automation Section 2: Impacts on planning of distribution automation Section 3: Selection of substations to work under automation layout Section 4: Which parameters should be measured or controlled ? Section 5: Selection criteria for hardware, software and communications Section 6: Distribution automation standards automation
Page 151
Jan 2008
To prepare international standards for power systems control equipment and systems including EMS, SCADA, DA, teleprotection, and associated information exchange for real-time and non-real-time information, used in the planning, operation and maintenance of power systems. Power systems management comprises control within control centres, substations and individual pieces of primary equipment including telecontrol and interfaces to equipment, systems and databases, which may be outside the scope of TC 57.
Page 152
Jan 2008
Standards Simplified TC57 Groups WG3 60870-5 RTU Communications WG7 60870-6 Control Center to Control Center Communications WG10 61850 Substation Automation WG13 61970 Control Center API WG14 61968 DMS WG15 62351 Security WG16 62325 CIM Market Extensions WG17 61850-7 Distributed Generation WG18 62344 =>61850 Hydro WG19 62357 Architecture Standardization activities colored in red are relevant for distribution automation.
Page 153 Jan 2008 Dr. Roland Eichler Siemens AG 2008 Power Transmission and Distribution
Page 154
Jan 2008
IEC
60870-5-101 This standard defines the functionality for the interoperability of telecontrol equipment of different manufactures for the communication between substations (outstations) and between substation (outstation) and control centers (central station). Therefore it applies to telecontrol equipment and systems with coded bit serial data transmission for controlling and monitoring geographically widespread processes. 60870-5-102 It standardizes the transmission of integrated totals representing the amount of electrical energy transferred between power utilities, or between a power utility and independent power producers on a HV or MV network as a part of energy management systems functionality. It is not concerned with LV networks or the interfaces to the energy consumption meters themselves. In general the values of integrated totals are transmitted at periodic intervals to update the energy interchanges.
Jan 2008 Dr. Roland Eichler Siemens AG 2008 Power Transmission and Distribution
IEC
Page 155
IEC 60870-5-103 This standard is used to upload protection data. It is applicable for substation automation systems with star coupled protection devices using point-to-point links and a master slave transmission procedure. 60870-5-104 This standard enables Application Data Units, as defined in IEC 60870-5-101, to be transmitted over a variety of digital data networks using the standard TCP-IP transport interface. Thus the specifications of this standard present a combination of the application layer of IEC 60870-5-101 and the transport functions provided by a TCP/IP. Within TCP/IP various network types can be utilised including X.25, FR (Frame Relay), ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode), and ISDN (Integrated Service Data Network).
IEC
Page 156
Jan 2008
Page 157
Jan 2008
Standards Simplified TC57 Groups WG3 60870-5 RTU Communications WG7 60870-6 Control Center to Control Center Communications WG10 61850 Substation Automation WG13 61970 Control Center API WG14 61968 DMS WG15 62351 Security WG16 62325 CIM Market Extensions WG17 61850-7 Distributed Generation WG18 62344 =>61850 Hydro WG19 62357 Architecture Standardization activities colored in red are relevant for distribution automation.
Page 158 Jan 2008 Dr. Roland Eichler Siemens AG 2008 Power Transmission and Distribution
Standards Purpose of IEC 61850 The standard defines a communication system that provides interoperability between the functions to be performed in a substation but residing in equipment (physical devices) from different suppliers, meeting the same functional and operational requirements. Functional requirements are met independent of substation size and operational conditions. The functions of an substation automation system are control and supervision, as well as protection and monitoring of the primary equipment and of the grid. Other functions are related to the system itself, e.g. supervision of the communication.
Page 159
Jan 2008
Control Centre
F1
1530 1530
>1
1503 Log.IN2 Log.IN3 1530
8888 Log.Out1
F2
2173 2173
Ethernet
Modbus/Profibus DP
Page 160
Jan 2008
HMI Clients
IEC 60870-5-104
Ethernet
Full Server
Full Server
Stationsbus
IEC 61850
plus Profibus FMS, OPC where necessary
Page 161
Jan 2008
SICAM PAS DIP 25/6kV HSA SICAM PAS DIP 110kV HSA 6 kV BSP Transformer monitoring IEC61850 approx. 10 km
IEC 60870-5-101
Gateway
Page 162
Jan 2008
Control Center
IEC 60870-5101 /-104
Control Center
Firewall Router
Page 163
Jan 2008
Standards Full Benefit of Ethernet and IEC 61850 Technology Station bus is one and only communication infrastructure Tunneling of legacy protocols Various network topologies supported Full GOOSE support for inter-bay applications System-wide time synchronization by SNTP System-wide network monitoring by SNMP Remote diagnostics
Siemens AG 2008 Power Transmission and Distribution
Page 164
Jan 2008
Control Center
IEC 61850
IEC 61850
Firewall Router
Standards Simplified TC57 Groups WG3 60870-5 RTU Communications WG7 60870-6 Control Center to Control Center Communications WG10 61850 Substation Automation WG13 61970 Control Center API WG14 61968 DMS WG15 62351 Security WG16 62325 CIM Market Extensions WG17 61850-7 Distributed Generation WG18 62344 =>61850 Hydro WG19 62357 Architecture Standardization activities colored in red are relevant for distribution automation.
Page 166 Jan 2008 Dr. Roland Eichler Siemens AG 2008 Power Transmission and Distribution
of the project:
Reduce the cost and time needed to add new applications to an EMS/DMS Protect the investment in existing applications that are working effectively in an EMS/DMS
Background
Information:
International
Standard IEC 61970 is being prepared by IEC Technical Committee 57 Power system control and associated communications (WG 13) The standard defines an application program interface for an energy management system Part of the IEC Standard IEC 61970 is the Common Information Model (CIM) The work is based upon the work of EPRI Control Center API (CCAPI) research project (RP-3654-1)
Siemens AG 2008 Power Transmission and Distribution
Page 167
Jan 2008
Part
Nam e
Current Date
Current Status
Planned Version
Due Date
Planned Status
1 2 301
IS IS IS Second Ed 01.05.2006 IS 1
CIM
302 401 402 403 404 405 407 450 451 452 453 501 502-7 CIM Energy Scheduling, Reservations, Fi Overview i l CIS and Framew ork Common Services (Base Services) Generic Data Access (Request and Reply ) High Speed Data Access Generic Eventing and Subscription (Events and Subscription) Historical Data Access CIS Information Exchange Model Specification Guide (CIS Data Content) SCADA CIS CIM Model Exchange Specification CIM Based Graphics Exchange CIM RDF Schema Common Services (Base Services) C Lang Profile GDA C Language Mapping CIM XML Model Exchange Format CIM SVG Graphics Exchange Format 2 First Edition 9 7 6 ? 2 or 3 ? 1a 1 1 2 First Edition 1 1 6 2 01.09.2005 24.05.2006 11.07.2005 26.04.2006 04.05.2006 04.05.2006 05.10.2002 14.05.2003 11.05.2006 19.05.2006 16.12.2005 01.09.2005 15.07.2005 05.05.2005 19.05.2006 CD on hold IS CDV CD CDV CDV CDV WD WD CDV CD FDIS WD WD CDV CD 6. Ready to send to IEC 7. Waiting for IEC publication or circulation 2 2 7 3 10 8 7 ? ? 2 2 2 3 24.08.2006 01.05.2006 24.08.2006 24.08.2006 24.08.2006 01.05.2006 01.08.2006 24.08.2004 24.08.2006 01.04.2006 01.06.2006 01.06.2006 01.05.2006 24.08.2006 FDIS CDV FDIS FDIS FDIS CD CD FDIS CDV IS CD CD FDIS CDV 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 7 1 1 7 1 3 28.06.1905 CD 1
CIS
Formats
1. Incorporate comments and prepare new version for WG13 review 2. Incorporate comments and send to IEC for circulation 3. Need to assign editor 4. Prepare w orking draft 5. Need NWIP
Page 168
Jan 2008
The The
basis for the emerging inter-system interface architecture IEC 61968 control system data model harmonizing with substation communication based on IEC 61850
The
Page 169
Jan 2008
Standards Simplified TC57 Groups WG3 60870-5 RTU Communications WG7 60870-6 Control Center to Control Center Communications WG10 61850 Substation Automation WG13 61970 Control Center API WG14 61968 DMS WG15 62351 Security WG16 62325 CIM Market Extensions WG17 61850-7 Distributed Generation WG18 62344 =>61850 Hydro WG19 62357 Architecture Standardization activities colored in red are relevant for distribution automation.
Page 170 Jan 2008 Dr. Roland Eichler Siemens AG 2008 Power Transmission and Distribution
Integrate Applications
Workforce Management Asset Management
Outage Management
Finance/ Controlling
Outage Management
Trouble Call Center Finance/ Controlling Customer Information System SCADA/ EMS/DMS Network Planning
Portals
GIS/NIS
SCADA/ EMS/DMS
Network Planning
Billing System
Customers
IEC 61968
Page 171 Jan 2008 Dr. Roland Eichler
Standards Purpose of IEC 61968 This standard define interfaces for the major elements of an interface architecture for Distribution Management Systems (DMS). This standard identifies and establishes requirements for standard interfaces based on an Interface Reference Model (IRM). Subsequent parts of this standard are based on each interface identified in the IRM. This set of standards is limited to the definition of interfaces and is implementation independent. They provide for interoperability among different computer systems, platforms, and languages. Methods and technologies used to implement functionality conforming to these interfaces are considered outside of the scope of these standards; only the interface itself is specified in these standards.
Page 172
Jan 2008
App A
App B
Application Interfaces
Siemens AG 2008 Power Transmission and Distribution
Page 173
Jan 2008
DAC
VRU
Outage Reporting
Interface Adapter
EMS
OMS
Distribution Automation
CIS
Interface Adapter
Interface Adapter
Interface Adapter
...
Event History
AM/FM/GIS
Human Resources
Work Management
Substation Automation
Data Warehouse
Page 174
Jan 2008
Standards TC57 WG19 (founded Jan 2005) Mission: With regards to the CIM (IEC 61970, IEC 61968), and extensions to the CIM that were recommended for IEC 61850, this new working group would be the coordinator of the electronic model for TC57, ensuring harmonization of the expansion of the CIM. Vision: All new TC57 standards should use/extend the CIM as the common semantics for their configuration/engineering modeling, and 61850 for [SCADA oriented / IED / field] communications. Other existing standards would likely take a mapping approach. Services could also be addressed (61850 services, Web Services, security, operations, SOA and GID services could be harmonized). Liaison with CIGRE SC-D2 WG25.
Page 175 Jan 2008 Dr. Roland Eichler Siemens AG 2008 Power Transmission and Distribution
More Standards
SCADA/DMS solution call for further standardized interfaces for stateof-the-art openness to other IT systems SQL/ODBC data access to historical data from Corporate Network ODBC for access from PC client X-11-Window for remote PC console access (in case of Unix O/S) ISDN for remote maintenance access
Page 176
Jan 2008
Wednesday, Jan 30, 2008 Section 7: SCADA functionalities Section 8: DMS functionalities Section 9: Case study presentation Section 10: Distribution system automation personnel skills Section 11: Maintenance and support procedures
Page 177
Jan 2008
Front-End
The front-end domain comprises of the components: Interconnections to RTUs Inter Control Center Communication
Page 178
Jan 2008
Page 179
Jan 2008
Page 180
Jan 2008
....
HUB (star coupler) TCI LAN TCR
TCB 1
1 ... 7
TCR
...
TCB 14
1 ... 7
...
...
PS + backplane
RTU RTU
RTU
TCB : TCR : TCS : PS : TeleControl Interface Board TeleControl Interface Rack TeleControl Interface Server Power Supply
Page 181
Jan 2008
Router
to RTU
to RTU
Router
to RTU to RTU
WAN
RTU
RTU
Configuration with redundant CFE subsystem and different RTU interface connections
Siemens AG 2008 Power Transmission and Distribution
Page 182
Jan 2008
Redundancy Features Server failover to redundant CFE server in case of active CFE server failure Line connection failover to standby line connection in case of a failure of the active line connection Configurable load sharing between two or more CFE servers Supervision of standby line connection (channel), including telegram buffering Maximized availability during engineering Only the required RTUs are affected when changing engineering data
Page 183 Jan 2008 Dr. Roland Eichler Siemens AG 2008 Power Transmission and Distribution
SCADA/EMS/DMS SCADA/EMS/DMS
SCADA/EMS/DMS SCADA/EMS/DMS
Page 184
Jan 2008
Indications and alarms Analog values and counter*) values Archive data Commands Setpoints
Spontaneous data transmission (on value change) Periodic data transmission (e.g. every 10 seconds) Initiated data transmission (initial scan, archive data)
*) Counters are not supported by standard ELCOM, 64-Bit float for counters added by SCADA vendors Siemens AG 2008 Power Transmission and Distribution
Page 185
Jan 2008
Indications and alarms Analog values and counter values Archive data Commands Setpoints
One-shot data transmission Periodic data transmission Transmission of event data Transmission of exception data
Security Protocols
Transport Layer Security (TLS) Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) Public Key Infrastructure (PKI)
Page 186 Jan 2008 Dr. Roland Eichler Siemens AG 2008 Power Transmission and Distribution
100%
Conformance Block 2
Extended Data Set Condition Monitoring
Transfer of real-time data by exception Could be a bit matrix transfer for accelerated data transfer. Too risky ? Transfer of messages between control center operators. Can as well be done with tcp/ip based messaging tool. Issues supervisory control operations from the local Control Center to the remote system. Supposed start/stop of a program in control center A from control center B. Too risky ? Block 7 supposed to signal the completion of a Block 5 supervisory command. Use of Block 2 instead is industry standard. Supposed to transfer historian data. Can as well be done via ftp file transfer. Supposed to transfer scheduling data. Can as well be done via ftp file transfer.
100%
Conformance Block 3
Blocked Transfer
---
Conformance Block 4
Operator Stations / Information Message
8%
Conformance Block 5
Device Control
25%
Conformance Block 6
Programs
---
Conformance Block 7
Events
---
Conformance Block 8
Accounts
8%
Conformance Block 9
Time series Page 187 Jan 2008
---
Applications Applications
Page 188
Jan 2008
Data Processing Event and Alarm Processing Marking and Tagging Limit Monitoring Supervisory Control Switching Procedure Management Real-time Accumulator Processing Real-time Calculations Topology Processing
Page 189
Jan 2008
Status Data Processing Alarms, States, Normal / Abnormal States, Sequence of Events Analog Data Processing Limit Check, Threshold Adaptation, Max./Min./Ave. Values Accumulator Processing Completeness Check, Authorization Data Calculation Definition of Formulas, Arithmetical / Comparison / Logical / Functional Operators Dynamic Network Coloring Network Topology, Network Groups, Operational Status
Siemens AG 2008 Power Transmission and Distribution
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Jan 2008
Event / Alarm Administration Operator Alarming, Assignment to Alarm Classes, Technological Area and Responsibility, Consideration of Local/Remote state Event / Alarm Presentation Visual Annunciation in Displays and Summaries, Acoustical Annunciation Event / Alarm Handling and Control Single/ Multiple Acknowledgement, Alarm Suppression Alarm Forwarding Central Control Room Klaxon, Wireless Alarming (SMS, Pager), Escalation Strategy, including Shift Plan and Acknowledgement
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Switching Switching Operation Operation Commands Commands Creation Creation Recording in study context Testing in study context Modification of an existing procedure Fault Isolation and Service Restoration (FISR) Outage Management System (OMS) ...
Switching Switching Procedure Procedure Management Management Switching Procedure Switching Switching Operation Operation Commands Commands Switching Switching Operation Operation Commands Commands create create edit edit select select sort sort print print execute execute store store
Usage Usage
...
Switching Switching Operation Operation Commands Commands
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Check Check
Start Start
Create Create
Storage Storage
Approve Approve
Execute Execute
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Step-by-Step preparation using schematic displays Full screen editor for general data Simulation of all switching actions with power flow checks Execution with temporary pause/resume Automatic documentation
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Jan 2008
Network Status Processing Definition of network groups Distinguished statuses for each electrical phase (energized, grounded, undefined, de-energized, energized uncertain, grounded uncertain) Topological Coloring Coloring of network groups (incl. coupled network groups) Distinguished coloring views (normal/abnormal, energization, voltage level, single/multi phase level, network group, loop parallel) Interactive Topological Tracing The topology processor is activated by each change of a switch device and by topological changes of the network model.
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priming commands
remote commands
under-frequency relay
latching relay
feeder breaker
feeder breaker
feeder breaker
feeder breaker
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SCADA Intelligent Alarm Processor (IAP) The Diagnosis provided by IAP includes
Date and time of the disturbance Faulty devices/equipments Protection systems which cleared the fault Specifics in the sequence of a disturbance (e.g. breaker failure, automatic re-closer successful / unsuccessful, etc.)
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Outage location Outage type Process data IAP Protection malfunction Intelligent Alarm Processor Earth fault location Multiple outages Affected busbars
Actual topology
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Once only
EXCEL Forms
Continuous
SCADA
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SCADA security is associated with specific user accounts and based on a combination of: User role (e.g. Control Room; Field Crew; Data Maintenance, ) Domain assignment (e.g. Electricity; Gas; Water; District Heating, ) Access rights (e.g. process control; viewing only; partial modification, ) Areas of responsibility (AOR)
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User Interface Key Requirements (II) Dynamic coloring of Network groups Grounded network parts Network parts with grounded faults De-energized parts of the network Network islands RDBMS Data Access via operational data displays Extensive Web-based Online Help Wireless Alarming (Out of Office Assistant) Improved Alarm Acknowledging
Page 205 Jan 2008 Dr. Roland Eichler Siemens AG 2008 Power Transmission and Distribution
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Trace up Trace down Trace between Trace all Trace common point Trace loop Trace parallel
Page 207 Jan 2008 Dr. Roland Eichler Siemens AG 2008 Power Transmission and Distribution
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Access to all SCADA/EMS/DMS displays by associated buttons Single signaling by a button on the display Summary signaling (indicated by the color of the respective tab)
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Context Menu By right-clicking the selected element and holding down the right mouse button Shows all operations associated with the selected element
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Simple data export through copy & paste to MS Word MS Excel MS Outlook or other mail programs
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Station C
Station D
plane 1
network level
Station A Station B
zooming
plane 2
Station A
zooming
Station B
plane 3
110kV 0A 230A
station level
Station A
zooming
Transformer 1 Transformer 2
plane 4 Transformer 1
feeder level
zooming
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Visibly yours
LAN
Terminals
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Jump to Worldmap
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GIS
SCADA/DMS
Sub 3
rot
rot
G G EE O O TAG TAG A A T T T T R R I I B B U U T T E E
Rules Rules
120A 50%
22 kV 22 kV 180A 60%
21 kV
GIS GIS Import Import Tools Tools TAG/TA TAG/TA Table Table
N V 0k ..1 Y.
e.
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GIS
SCADA/DMS Database
Attribute Data
Import 3)
Export
IDDUG files
Attribute Data
3)
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Jan 2008
GIS
Geographical Data
Import 2,3)
SCADA/DMS Database
dxf files 1) Geographical Data Schematic Data
UI Software
Attribute Data
Import 3)
Export
IDDUG files
1) 2)
More formats available Autograph format 3) Bulk or incremental Siemens AG 2008 Power Transmission and Distribution
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Sub 3
rot
rot
SCADA/DMS Database
Import
120A 50%
22 kV 22 kV 180A 60%
21 kV
V 0k ..1 Y. N
Import
Attribute Data
e.
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Sub 3
red
red
blu e
green
Sub 1
Sub 2
Display Level 2 "Network Connectivity" (Primary and Secondary Feeder, all Distribution Substations)
120A 50%
22 kV 22 kV 180A 60%
Sub3
21 kV
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120A 50%
22 kV 22 kV 180A 60%
Sub3
21 kV
Window with Display Level 4 "One-Line Diagram" Window with "Facility Data"
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Geographical Display
User Interface Case Study Iberdrola/Spain: Example for incremental download of data and graphics from GIS
GIS
All data is maintained solely in the GIS Use powerful tools there and save money Both schematics and geographics live available in SCADA&DMS
SCADA/EMS/DMS
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User Interface Case Study Iberdrola/Spain: Example for incremental download of data and graphics from GIS
GIS
SCADA/EMS/DMS
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User Interface Case Study EPM/Columbia: Example for living geographical SCADA&DMS displays
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Information Storage & Retrieval (IS&R) Components of IS&R Data storage (periodic or spontaneous) Data retrieval
By means of predefined queries (archive filters) it is possible to retrieve values of different time ranges and storage cycles from archives.
Interface for long-term archiving SQL interface for external data exchange Export interface to a RDBMS (ORACLE)
Page 231 Jan 2008 Dr. Roland Eichler Siemens AG 2008 Power Transmission and Distribution
Information Storage & Retrieval (IS&R) Data to be archived Analoge values or accumulator values with time stamp Calculated values Switching state changes and alarms Data of the network topology Forecast values Trend data Disturbance data (including switching states) Schedules
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Trigger Event
Trigger configuration Use any field device (i.e. any alarming condition) as trigger Assign to a trigger which data will be collected Define the collection time interval of the assigned data (pre-trigger, post-trigger)
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Remote Console
Local Console
Incoming Incoming Data Data Analogs Analogs Digitals Digitals Calculations Calculations Accumulators Accumulators Events/Alarms Events/Alarms Disturbance Disturbance Data Data Data Data Collection Collection Buffered Buffered for for Redundancy Redundancy
Oracle Oracle DB DB
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WOP Direct Data Interface via SQL Internet/Intranet (ADO, ODBC, JDBC) Access
External Applications
SCADA
External tools for reporting or web access may also connect directly to the Oracle archive of the SCADA system.
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LAN Firewall
Firewall
Office LAN
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based on MS Excel simple report definition w/o database knowledge processing of data (e.g. graphics) with all available Excel features complex queries with SQL and macros possible capabilities for automated reporting
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online access via browser filter capabilities graphical and tabular display capabilities export to csv-files simple formula editor
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Wednesday, Jan 30, 2008 Section 7: SCADA functionalities Section 8: DMS functionalities Section 9: Case study presentation Section 10: Distribution system automation personnel skills Section 11: Maintenance and support procedures
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GIS
Operation Applications
Geographical Displays
Fault Isolation/ System Restoration Outage Management System Switching Procedure Management SCADA
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OMS Requirements
Quick and safe localization, isolation of faults and restoration of service within the power system Handling of planned outages, e.g. for preventive maintenance, to increase the supply reliability and to reduce the system operation risks and costs
Page 245 Jan 2008 Dr. Roland Eichler Siemens AG 2008 Power Transmission and Distribution
Fault Fault Detection Detection & & Outage Outage Record Record Creation Creation
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Fault Fault Location Location Application Application (FLOC) (FLOC) Fault Fault Isolation Isolation & & Service Restoration Service Restoration (FISR) (FISR)
Switching Switching Procedure Procedure Management Management (SPM) (SPM) Trouble Trouble Call Call System System (TCS) (TCS)
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CMS
Crew Crew Assignment Assignment Reports Reports & & Statistics Statistics Generation Generation
FISR SPM
OMS
OMS
FISR
SPM
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OMS
SPM
Crew Crew Assignment Assignment
CMS
OMS
OMS
OMS
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Jan 2008
Scheduled and unscheduled outages Outaged equipment, energy, customer An Outage Record can be initiated by
Trouble Call System Switch Trip Operator
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Handles outage faults (i.e. short-circuit faults) and non-outage faults (i.e. earth faults) Responds to state change of fault indications and on feeder CBs unexpected tripping For fast localization of faulty section Designed to determine the smallest possible faulted section based on available real-time information Paramount to restore supply fast and to as many customers as possible
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Uses remote metered and manually updated information such as: Protective devices tripping (CBs, re-closers, etc.) Status of fault passing indicators Status of earth fault relays Trouble calls
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Immediate Search
Combine available status info Determine the smallest faulted segment Determine boundary switches
t1a-5 t1a-4 t1a-3 Protective Device1a t1a-1 t1-2
t1-5
Substation
t1-4 t1-3
t1c-4
t1c-3 t1c-2
t1-8
t1-9
Procedural Search
Extends the immediate search by trial switching operations Narrows down the faulty segment; e.g.: bisection search
Siemens AG 2008 Power Transmission and Distribution
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Fault Records
Record automatically created Includes all equipment in faulty segment Includes boundary devices Highlighted in one-line diagram: Fault Passing Indicators status Faulty feeder segment Related non-faulty segments Suggested trial switch actions to locate the fault more accurately Procedural search history Summary of fault records
Graphical Rendering
Additional Information
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Provides tools to view, create and modify crew information and to assign field crews to work tasks Provides timing statistics about multiple field crews CMS works in close relationship to the Outage Management System (OMS)
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Crew Composition Assigning of people and equipment to the crew Crew Tracking Support of crew and truck locations Crew Statistic Report Processing OMS Interface Association with outage records
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Fault Isolation
Equipment to isolate selected by operator or from FLOC results Minimize the number of switching steps Provides the possible ways to restore service and the corresponding steps Feasibility validation and solutions ranking based on performance indexes Combines the two above features Generates a single switching procedure Generates a switching procedure that restores the given network part to its normal configuration
Service Restoration
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Tabular Output
Switching steps of the procedure Total kW load restored (incl. the number of transformers/customers) Total kW load not restored (incl. the number of transformers/customers) Violations (voltages & overloads) Total power losses Index for difficulty to access or operate Follow-up of switching actions involved in procedure can be done within the one-line diagrams
Graphical Output
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Purpose: Continuously checks the distribution network for voltage problems / overloads Allows to detect overloads or voltage problems before they occur in the course of Switching Procedure Management in Study Mode Provides the basis for further applications that reduce distribution network losses
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For 3 phase unbalanced and balanced power systems Real time and study mode Execution Periodically Upon change in the network and On Demand Robust current injection algorithm Calculation of Feeder Profiles: V, A, MW, MVAR and Losses Total Losses Detection of Limit Violations
Siemens AG 2008 Power Transmission and Distribution
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Jan 2008
In distribution networks (sparsely measured) the accuracy of the power flow results relies much upon the quality of the load estimates
Loads derived for time and date of the study Generic load curves for different consumers types (residential, commercial, industrial, etc.) Loads with constant P or I or Z Hourly load profile over several seasons and day types Conforming loads calculated based on peak value and load curve Loads calibration with available RT measurements at injection source, feeder-head or along the feeder Reactive load based on cos
Siemens AG 2008 Power Transmission and Distribution
Load Modeling
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Tabular Output
Busbar kV, voltage imbalances Slack bus P & Q & V Line & transformer P & Q (from & to nodes) Line losses (kW/kVAr), voltage drop Resulting P & Q Loads Small Gen unit P & Q & V Violations (voltages & overloads) Total power losses Network coloring in one-line diagrams for voltage violations and branch overloads
Graphical Output
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Important function for dealing with the complexity of voltages and reactive powers control in a modern distribution system Used to support the control of transformer tap (LTC, voltage regulators) and switchable shunt reactive (typically capacitors) Optimize the objective functions for the whole system Improves results against local control only solutions (where coordination problems exist and Volt/VAr optimization opportunities are missed by not taking into account the whole power system) Eliminates local trade-off (e.g. no need for controllers dead-band and time delays to avoid oscillation) that reduce efficiency of the Volt/VAr Control
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The objectives of the VVC function are to minimize power loss, or to minimize power demand, or to maximize generated reactive power while satisfying voltage and loading constraints VVC uses the same power flow model as DSPF Allows working with a subset of the network Operates in either realtime or study mode Output: Summary of power flow before and after optimization Recommended Control Actions on transformer tap position changers, line voltage regulators and switchable shunts (in the form of a SPM procedure)
Page 270 Jan 2008 Dr. Roland Eichler Siemens AG 2008 Power Transmission and Distribution
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The objectives of the OFR function are minimization of power losses, or balancing of substation transformers, or a weighted combination of the above while satisfying voltage and loading constraints OFR uses the same power flow model as DSPF Allows working with a subset of the network Operates in either realtime or study mode Output: Summary of power flow before and after optimization Reconfiguration switching procedure (SPM)
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losses
in
EBI
10.09.02 16.10.02
Eval. Days (EBI days) Transformer list
Alparos Tereal
5487
36 (36)
5300
25
35 (36)
Helui
4900
21
36 (36)
NTLO points the operator to the most prominent spots of revenue losses.
Page 275 Jan 2008 Dr. Roland Eichler Siemens AG 2008 Power Transmission and Distribution
Non-technical losses [kWh] 759 617 601 [%] 3.2 2.6 2.5
NTLO points the operator to the most prominent spots of revenue losses.
Page 276 Jan 2008 Dr. Roland Eichler Siemens AG 2008 Power Transmission and Distribution
Advanced Network Operation (ANOP) uses a specially developed algorithm in order to generate the optimal solution for the following tasks typical in a Distribution Network
Unplanned outages / disturbances Fault Isolation and Network Restoration
Planned outages
Reconfiguration of the network without interruption of customer supply In emergency cases the removal of overloads and under voltages, in planned cases the relief of equipment loads Reconfiguration of the network to come back to normal switching status Analysis of the case of a failing equipment including the appropriate counteractions
Siemens AG 2008 Power Transmission and Distribution
Corrective measures
Contingency evaluation
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Distribution Management Applications Expert System - Advanced Network Operation (ANOP) Required Features
Availability of a fully prepared switching sequence together with additional comments The switching sequence totally fulfils the given task (e.g. no further checks, etc. by the operator) Enables immediate and automatic execution of the switching sequence Provision of such a solution which has passed all checks and does not violate any operational or electrical restriction Presentation of a balance of typical values of interest such as transformer loading, voltage, transferred load, etc. The shown values are the values which will be obtained after the execution of the switching sequence
Page 278 Jan 2008 Dr. Roland Eichler Siemens AG 2008 Power Transmission and Distribution
Distribution Management Applications ANOP Application Example How to use Operator describes task Select equipment on MMI Select task ANOP evaluates solution for task Switching job Load Balance Operators executes task Execute switching job
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Jan 2008
Political Targets
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Jan 2008
Block-type Heating Power Plant Flexible Loads Meter Reading PV Power Plants
Data Concentrator
Mod. Mod. Mod. Z Z Z Mod. Z Mod. Z Z Mod.
Fuel Cells
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Jan 2008
Distribution Management Applications DEMS Functional Requirements Energy management system for planning, optimization and monitoring of decentralized power units Load forecasting system for very short-term forecasts (1 hour) and short-term forecasts (up to 7 days) Forecasting system for the generation of wind power plants and photovoltaic Generation/Load Scheduling & Control functions covering all flexible units like contracts, generation units, storages and flexible demands, maximizing the difference of revenue minus costs, i.e. the profit. Energy data management for collecting and keeping the required information, e.g. loads, contractual data Powerful front-end for the communication of the energy management system with the decentralized power units.
Jan 2008 Dr. Roland Eichler Siemens AG 2008 Power Transmission and Distribution
Page 282
Reporting
Generation Control
Load scheduling
Archiving
DEMS
Page 283 Jan 2008
Communication System
Dr. Roland Eichler Siemens AG 2008 Power Transmission and Distribution
DEMS
SQL Database, ODBC Excel and ASCII Files XML Interface for Time Series COM / DCOM Interface Communication Network TCP / IP
Siemens AG 2008 Power Transmission and Distribution
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Jan 2008
Wednesday, Jan 30, 2008 Section 7: SCADA functionalities Section 8: DMS functionalities Section 9: Case study presentation Section 10: Distribution system automation personnel skills Section 11: Maintenance and support procedures
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Jan 2008
Selection of distribution substations for automation Question (A): Automation Rate (IV)
Substation retrofitting and adaptation calculation
45 15 40 Average interruption time [minutes] 35 30 25 20 0 15 10 5 0 0 250 500 750 1000 1500 2000 4000 Number of adapted substations -10 5 10
-5
Average cost for retrofitting & adaptation of one (1) distribution substation in:
30,000 US$.
Number of substations that can be retrofitted per year, without serious consumer interruptions and additional costs: 250 Study period considered:
(average from 25 years for automation equipment and 15 years for communication equipment) Siemens AG 2008 Power Transmission and Distribution
23 years
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Provide speedy restoration of supply Minimize/eliminate revenue losses (due to forced consumer outages)
Enhance operational efficiency and safety
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Commissioning SCADA&DMS on 22 kV
Extension to 6.6 kV
Wednesday, Jan 30, 2008 Section 7: SCADA functionalities Section 8: DMS functionalities Section 9: Case study presentation Section 10: Distribution system automation personnel skills Section 11: Maintenance and support procedures
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Jan 2008
Expert Basic
Basic Basic
-Basic
Field Engineer and Technician Communication Engineer and Technician Telecontrol Engineer and Technician
Medium
Basic
--
Expert
Medium
Basic
--
Medium
Define models and data needed for the SCADA/DMS, develop new algorithms.
Basic
Medium
Expert
--
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Jan 2008
Wednesday, Jan 30, 2008 Section 7: SCADA functionalities Section 8: DMS functionalities Section 9: Case study presentation Section 10: Distribution system automation personnel skills Section 11: Maintenance and support procedures
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Testing Concept
9Point to point tests during commissioning and revision work (adding, extending
or modifying of RTU; reconfiguration of communication network) 9RTU tests 9Communication path tests 9Test of data model modifications when expanding or modifying network configuration 9Functional system test when upgrading or modifying functionality (e.g. patch, release upgrade) 9Testing of new operational practices
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9The (test) information sent in this phase to the control center has to be processed in
another way than the real process data. This means usually: No alarming, no archiving.
9For this purpose a flag 'Object In Test' can be used. Before starting the revision the flag is
set by the operator on all devices which shall be tested. After the test the flag will be removed by the operator.
9The data related to objects flagged as in test are displayed in a separate summary. The
information are displayed in the one-line diagrams to ensure that the graphical representation is working properly.
9The tag OBJECT IN TEST has the same impact concerning alarming as the tag ALARM
INHIBIT.
9After finishing the work the separate summary can be saved to document the
commissioning or revision work.
Page 295 Jan 2008 Dr. Roland Eichler Siemens AG 2008 Power Transmission and Distribution
Real- Time
IMM Suite
Study
Planning
IMM Suite
Engineering
DOR
DOR
App Suite
App Suite
App Suite
Run-Time
App ASR
App ASR
App ASR
Saving a save
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Jan 2008
Study
Planning
IMM Suite
DOR
DOR
App Suite
App Suite
App Suite
App ASR
App ASR
App ASR
Saving a save
control and manage the domain process. The real-time context provides direct operator interaction with the external world. This is the only context that allows control commands to the external world. Only one real-time control context can be active in the system. 9A Study Context is used to support the operators during different network analysis and operational activities, independently or in parallel to their realtime activities. An example is running load flow studies. 9A Planning Context comes with its own data model i.e. it allows testing of changes to the data model (without changes to RTU data or communication data) in parallel and independent of the other contexts.
Siemens AG 2008 Power Transmission and Distribution
Run-Time
Engineering
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Jan 2008
OTS
MAIN
IS&R
OTS-LAN
PDS-LAN
EMS-LAN
DMZ-LAN
MultiportRouter 1
MultiportRouter 2
....
1 2 7 1
....
2 7
IT WAN
CC WAN
CC WAN trusted
RCC 1
RCC 2
. . . .
RCC 7
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9TDS runs either the complete or a subset of the functionality of the MAIN. The
deployment of the test system may differ from the deployment of the MAIN (e.g. no redundancy, configuration with less servers).
9TDS can interface data via listen mode from the MAIN or get directly information via its own Front-End.
In each case the control direction is usually locked i.e. supervisory control actions need to be simulated without interfering with the real process (e.g. bypass process interface). Successful and not successful reply as result of remote control needs to be simulated.
9TDS can be used for testing of new RTUs new data models new/upgraded software
Page 299 Jan 2008 Dr. Roland Eichler Siemens AG 2008 Power Transmission and Distribution
SDM (Source Data Management) manages the input of the data of the electric power system into the database of the power control system. SDM is used both during commissioning of the system and afterwards for subsequent modifications and extensions of the network (new substations, changes to the network, etc.). It is important that a single tool provides the functionality to enter and maintain all power system-related as well as computer system-related data.
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Customer-entered Objects (Instances) Are entered by the user during the data input phase and describe the user process (networks, power stations, etc.) Based on prepared object types (templates) All the data points build on it (instances) Are further maintained by the user
Examples: Customer generator West-A, Customer transformer XY, Contract 23 according to contract pattern A
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Customization
Definition of new
Instances Attributes Associations Graphic Objects
Data Entry
Import/Export
XDF/RDF File SVG File
Software
3rd PP (Oracle...) SCADA/EMS/DMS SW Mapping to HW
Editing
Instances Links Network Diagrams
System
System-Wide Settings User Administration
repetitive use
Page 302 Jan 2008 Dr. Roland Eichler Siemens AG 2008 Power Transmission and Distribution
Common Information Model CIM Job Management Fully graphicoriented data editing Workflow oriented and Wizard-based technologies Syntactic and generic data validations Import/Export On-line Activation Reports
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Jan 2008
Standard query language SQL Easy modification and extension of the data base scheme Comfortable tools available - graphical user interface - report generator The data model is independent from the physical data storage Available functions for - Transaction management - Data integrity - Security and access rights - Backup and recovery - Distributed data bases
Siemens AG 2008 Power Transmission and Distribution
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Job Management allows multiple and simultaneous data modifications without any impact on the runtime system
Job Interlocks prevent multiple users from editing the same data Automatic change detection generates Change Log files describing all changes Activation of a job transfers the changed data to the run-time system and notifies those applications affected by the change A clearly laid out Job History bookkeeping (e.g. job creation, job activation, undo) is available
Quick, No
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Information Model Management Integration with Enterprise Data Model Management Aggregation of enterprise data sources and software applications through common industry standards.
Assets/ Work Order Systems
Distribution Apps
GIS
SCADA
Protection Coordination
Front/Back Office
Integration Bus
On-Line Ratings
Transmission Reliability
Power Flow
Stability PSS/E
Model Data High-Speed Data
Files
Files
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