MAC 2313 Cal III Greens Theorem Sanchez

Summary 4-Greens Theorem

Greens theorem: Let C be a piecewise smooth simple closed curve that bounds
the region R in the plane. Suppose that the functions P(x,y) and Q(x,y) are
continuous and have continuous first-order partial derivatives on R. Then

dA
y
P
x
Q
Qdy Pdx
C
,
_

+

Proof:
{ }
{ } d y c y g x y g y x R by also and
b x a x f y x f y x R by d represente be R Let


), ( ) ( | ) , (
), ( ) ( | ) , ( . 1
2 1
2 1

1
1
]
1

R
b
a
x f y
X f
x f y
X f y
b
a
a
a
b
a
a
b
b
a C
dA
y
P
dx dy
y
y x P
y x P
dx x f x P dx x f x P
dx x f x P dx x f x P dx y x P
) (
) (
) (
) (
2 1
2 1
2
1
2
1
) , (
) , (
)) ( , ( )) ( , (
)) ( , ( )) ( , ( ) , ( . 2

1
1
]
1

R
d
c
y g y
y g
y g x
y g x
d
c
d
c
d
c
c
d
d
c C
dA
x
Q
dy dx
x
y x Q
y x Q
dy y g Q dy y y g Q
dy y g Q dy y y g Q dy y x Q
) (
) (
) (
) (
1 2
1 2
2
1
2
1
) , (
) , (
)) ( ( ) ), ( (
)) ( ( ) ), ( ( ) , ( . 3

+
C
dy y x Q dx y x P ) , ( ) , ( . 4

,
_

R R R
dA
y
P
x
Q
dA
y
P
dA
x
Q
Greens Theorem, expresses a double integral over a region as a line integral along
the boundary of the region. This has many important consequences.
Problem 1. Use Greens theorem to evaluate the integral

+
C
Qdy Pdx
where P(x,
y)=x-y and Q(x, y) =y, C is the boundary of the region between the x-axis and the
graph of y=sinx for
x 0
Solution:
-1-
( ) 2 0 cos cos cos sin
) 1 0 ( ) (
0
0
0
sin
0

+ +

x xdx
dydx dA ydy dx y x Qdy Pdx
x
C R C
Problem 2. Use Greens Theorem to evaluate the integral

+
C
Qdy Pdx
if
( ) ( ) 9 ] 1 0 [ ) 1 ln( sin
. 9 ), 1 ln( ) , ( sin ) , (
9
2
2 2 2
2 2
+ + + +
+ + +

+ R y x C C
dydx dydx dy y dx y x Qdy Pdx
y x circle the is C y y x Q and y x y x P
Corollary to Greens Theorem. The area A of the
region R bounded by the piecewise smooth simple closed curve C is given by
A=
1
2
ydx + xdy ydx xdy
C

Proof:
( ) [ ] A dA dA xdy ydx
R
r
R C
+

} 1 1
2
1
2
1
) 1
( ) A dA dA dy ydx ydx
R R C C
+

1 0 0 ) 2
[ ] A dA xdy dx xdy
R C C
+

0 1 0 ) 3
Problem 3. Use the corollary to Greens theorem to find the area of the region
between the x-axis and one arch of the cycloid with parametric equations
x=5(t-sint) and y=5(1-cost)
-2-
Y
Sin x
1


( ) ( )

75 2
2
3
25 2 sin
4
1
sin 2
2
3
25
2
2 cos 1
cos 2 1 25 cos cos 2 1 25 cos 1 25
) cos 1 )( 5 )( cos 1 ( 5
2
0
2
0
2
0
2
2
0
2
0
2
2
0
2 1

1
]
1

,
_

+
+ +



t t t
dt
t
t dt t t dt t
t t odx ydx ydx ydx A
C C C
Problem 4. Use the corollary to Greens theorem to find the area of the region between the
2
x y and
3
x y
12
1
3
2
4
3
3
2
4
3
2 3 ) 2 ( ) 3 (
1
0
3 4
1
0
2
1
0
3
1
0
0
1
2
2 1

+

+
x x
dx x dx x dx x x dx x x xdy Area
C C C
Problem 5. Find the area bounded by one loop of the curve x=sin2t, y=sint
Use a calculator to graph the parametric curve x=sin2t, y=sint
Note:
-3-
Y
Cycloid
C2
C1
Y


x
1 1 0 0 ) 1 ( 4 0 , int
) 1 ( 4
) sin 1 )( (sin 4 cos sin 4 cos sin 2 2 sin
2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2



y or y y y y x ercepts y the For
y y x
t t x t t x t t x t x
( )
3
4
0 cos cos
3
2
3
cos 2
sin cos 2 cos cos sin 2
3 3
0
3
0
2
0

t
tdt t tdt t t xdy Area
C
Problem 6. Find the work done by the force ( ) j y x i y x F ) 7 ( 5
2 3 3 2
+
In moving a particle once around the triangle with vertices (0, 0), (3, 0) and ((0, 6)
[ ]
( )
6
972
6 2 2 2 6
15 21 7 5
3
3
0
2
3
0
6 2
0
3 2
3
0
6 2
0
2 2
2 2 2 2 2 3 3 2
+
+ +


+
+
dx x x dx y x dydx y x
dA y x y x dy y x dx y x Qdy Pdx Work
x
x
R C C
Vector form of Greens Theorem or divergence theorem in the plane.
Let R be a bounded region with complete boundary C oriented in positive sense, and suppose F
is a vector field defined on R and its boundary. Then

R
divFdA nds F
Proof:
-4-
Y
1
x
-1

6 y
3 x
( )
( )

1
]
1

1
]
1

+

,
_

,
_

+


+
+

+

R
R R
Theorem s Green
C C
C C C
dA divF
dA
y
Q
x
P
dA
y
Q
x
P
Pdy Qdx nds F
Qdx Pdy ds
ds
dx
Q
ds
dy
P nds F
ds
dx
Q
ds
dy
P j
ds
dx
i
ds
dy
Qj Pi N F
C to normal is N and N T therefore
ds
dx
ds
dy
ds
dy
ds
dx
N T
j
ds
dx
i
ds
dy
N Let
j
ds
dy
i
ds
dx
T
dt
ds
j
dt
dy
i
dt
dx
T
v
j
dt
dy
i
dt
dx
T
'
) 6
) 5
) 4
, 0 ) 3
) 2
) 1

Exercise 7. Verify the divergence theorem for R the interior of 1

2 2
+ y x
And F=2xi+3yj
5 5 5 3 2 ) 1 +

Circle R
dA divFdA nds F
y
Q
x
P
divF
( )

5 2
2
5
2 sin
4
1
2
5
2
2 cos 1
2 sin 2 ) sin 3 cos 2 (
) sin ( sin 3 cos cos 2
3 , 2 , 2 0 ,
sin
cos
1 : ) 2
2
0
2
0
2
0
2 2
2
0
2
2
0
2 2

1
]
1

,
_

+ + +

'

+


t t
dt
t
dt t dt t t
tdt t tdt t Qdx Pdy nds F
y Q x P t
t y
t x
or y x C Let
C C
Exercise 8. Use the divergence theorem to evaluate the line integral

+ +
C
dy y x dx y x ) 2 3 ( ) 4 (
; C the complete boundary of the annulus
4 1
2 2
+ y x in the positive sense.
-5-


6 3 2 ) 2 3 ( ) 4 (
2
2
4
2 3
4
2 2
0
2
1
4
2
0
2
1

+ +

'

d d r rdrd dA
y
Q
x
P
dy y x dx y x
y
Q
x
P
divF
y
Q
x
P
y x Q
y x P
R C
Definition: flux is the rate of flow of the fluid across C in the direction of
vector n
Exercise 9. Use Greens theorem to calculate the outward flux =

C
nds F
Where F=2xi+3yj and C is the ellipse 1
4 9
2 2
+
y x
( )

30 2 sin
4
1
2
1
120
2
2 cos 1
120 cos 120
3
sin , cos 3 sin 1 40
9
1 2 20
3 2 4
2 /
0
2 /
0
2 /
0
2
2 /
0
2
3
0
2
3
0
9
1 2
0
2

1
]
1

+
+


+

d d
x
d dx
x
dxdy dxdy
y
Q
x
P
divFdA s d n F flux
x
R R C

-6-