TRNG I HC TR VINH

KHOA HA HC & NG DNG

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BO CO THC HNH HA PHN TCH I

GVHD: Nguyn Xun Th Dim Trinh

Lp DA09HH
SVTH:
Nguyn Hu Ph
Phm Th Ngc Quyn
Thi Gia Thnh
Nguyn Tin Thnh

Tr Vinh, ngy 20 thng 07 nm 2011

TH NGHIM 1: XC NH ACID CITRIC

TRONG NC P TRI CY
I.

Gii Thiu
Axt citric hay axt citric l mt axt hu c yu. N l mt cht bo qun t
nhin v cng c s dng b sung v chua cho thc phm hay cc loi nc
ngt. Trong ha sinh hc, n l tc nhn trung gian quan trng trong chu trnh
axt citric v v th xut hin trong trao i cht ca gn nh mi sinh vt. N
cng c coi l tc nhn lm sch tt v mt mi trng v ng vai tr ca cht
chng xi ha.
Axt citric tn ti trong mt lot cc loi rau qu, ch yu l cc loi qu ca
chi Citrus. Cc loi chanh c hm lng cao axt citric; c th ti 8% khi lng
kh trong qu ca chng (1,38-1,44 gam trn mi aox nc qu). Hm lng
ca axt citric trong qu cam, chanh nm trong khong t 0,005 mol/L i vi cc
loi cam v bi chm ti 0,030 mol/L trong cc loi chanh. Cc gi tr ny cng
ph thuc vo cc iu kin mi trng gieo trng.

Hnh 1: Cu to ca axit citric

Mi proton ca mi nhm axt cacboxylic c nh s. Axit citric, khi
ha tan trong nc, tr thnh mt axit 3 nc, c kh nng nhng 3 proton. Nu
mt baz mnh c thm vo axt. N cng s phn ng thng qua mt phn
ng trung ha to thnh mt mui v nc. Mi ion hydrogen (H +) s phn
ng vi mt ion hydroxit (OH-) t cc NaOH to thnh nc (H 2O). Mt ion
natri (Na+) cn li t cc natri hydroxit phn ly s thay th cho mi hydro.
2

Axit citric l cht quan trng trong mt s thc phm hng ngy, chng hn
nh nc cam, trong s lng axit citric th c th o c. Ngnh cng nghip
sn xut nc tri cy phi bit c s lng ca nc tri cy. H c th xc
nh lng nc tri cy bng cch o lng axit citric. Cc quy trnh thng
c s dng lm iu ny l li dng phn ng ca axt citric vi natri
hydroxit v c bit n nh mt chun .
Chun l mt phng php phn tch nh lng. Trong , cht c
o (dung dch cht lng) phn ng vi mt tc nhn khc (c gi l mt cht
chun) cho n khi n phn ng hon ton. S kt thc ca phn ng thng
c nhn bit vi s xut hin mu sc t mt cht khng nh hng n phn
ng c gi l cht ch th.
Trong trng hp chun acid citric, mt lng bit ca nc chanh
c cho vo mt bnh erlen vi cht dung dch ch th phenolphthalein. Natri
hydroxit bit nng , sau cn thn thm vo erlen cho n khi tt c cc
axit phn ng. Khi tt c cc axit hon ton b trung ha, s thm vo mt git
natri hydroxit, dung dch chun l nguyn nhn lm dung dch tr thnh baz. Cc
dung dch baz s lm xut hin mu hng nht trong dung dch nc chanh. Thit
b s dng thm cc cht chun (NaOH) vo mu nc tri cy c gi l
buret. N cho php chng ta o lng s lng chnh xc ca dung dch c
thm vo trong qu trnh chun . Kin thc ca quy trnh ny, nng mol / lt
ca dung dch NaOH, v h s ca phn ng cho php chng ta tnh ton nng
axit citric trong mu nc tri cy.

II.

Ha Cht
- NaOH 0,5 M
- Nc tri cy (s dng nc chanh)
- Dung dch ch th phenolphthalein
- Giy o pH

III.

Thit B
- Buret
- Pipet
- My li tm
- Giy lc
- Phiu lc
- Erlen 250ml
- Becher 50ml

IV.

- Becher 100ml
- Becher 500ml
- Bnh nh mc 100ml
- Bnh nh mc 250ml
- Bnh nh mc 500ml
- ng ong 100ml
- Mung thy tinh

Th Nghim
1. S dng buret
- Ra sch bn trong buret bng cch m van kha v trng nc ct
nhiu ln vi 5-10ml cho mi ln. ng van kha.
- Trng sch buret vi 3-5 ml ca cht chun. Dng pipet ht cht chun v
cho vo buret, nghing pipet cht chun c th tip xc vi vi ton b b
mt bn trong ca ng buret. X b vi ln, khng s dng dung dch ny.
- Buret c a ln kp buret v c gn cht vo gi . Kha van v a
cht chun vo buret n trn im khng.

- M van kha trong mt thi gian ngn loi b tt c cc bt kh trong

buret v chc chn ng cong pha di ca dung dch th chun n ng im
khng. Ch 30 giy trc khi c v ghi th tch (+ 0.01 ml).
- Sau mi ln chun , khng nn cho tip cht chun y buret nu cn
li th tch cht chun cho chun tip theo.
- lm sch buret, m van kha v ra sch vi nc my. Ra li hai ln
vi nc ct v t nghing buret trn kp buret ro nc. Hy chc chn van
kha c m ra.
2. S chn b cho chun
- Cho y vo buret cht chun NaOH 0,5M. chc chn hy ghi li nng
mol ca NaOH. Ghi li th tch ban u.
- Vt khong 40ml nc chanh vo becher 50ml. Loi b ht, sau cho
nc chanh vo ng li tm v em i li tm. i khong 5 pht th ly ng li tm
ra, phn dung dch vo becher v b phn rn y ng li tm. em dung
dch trn lc qua giy lc thng ta thu c dung dch trong.
- o 10,0 mL mu dung dch trn trong ng ong 10 ml. Ghi li th tch
chnh xc ca nc tri cy c s dng nu khng phi l 10,0 ml (v d, 9,8
ml) v vo mt bnh erlen sch.
- Thm vo erlen khong 30 ml nc v 3 git phenolphtalein. Ghi li gi
tr pH ban u ca cc nc tri cy bng cch s dng giy pH.
3. Chun - Nc p tri cy
- Chun nc chanh vi natri hydroxit v lin tc lc u cho n khi 1
git NaOH lm xut hin mu hng bn trong dung dch.
- Ra sch bn trong ca bnh vi nc bng bnh tia, v xoay lm cho mu
hng chc chn khng i.
- Nu mu hng khng cn tn ti, tip tc thm NaOH tng git cho n khi
5

mu hng bn.
- Ghi li th tch cui cng c c trn buret.
- Lp li quy trnh ny hai ln.

V.

Kt Qu
- pH ca nc chanh l 2.
- Tnh ton:
Th tch ca NaOH trong chun l:
V1 = 24,2ml
V2 = 24,5ml
V3 = 24,6ml
Vtrung bnh = 24,43ml
S mol ca NaOH:
nNaOH = (24,43/1000) x 0,5 = 0,0122mol
Suy ra, s mol ca axit citric:
nacid citric = nNaOH /3 = 4,07 x 10-3mol
Khi lng ca acid:
6

macid citric = (4,07 x 10-3) x 192 = 0,782 g.

Phn trm ca axit citric trong nc chanh:
C% acid citric = (0,782 /10) x 100% = 7,82%

VI. Gio Vin Nhn Xt

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d dHTd d

BI 2: XC NH CNG CA NC
8

BNG PHNG PHP CHUN EDTA

I.

Gii Thiu
1. Khi nim v cng
cng ca nc c quyt nh bi hm lng cht khong ha tan
trong nc, ch yu l do cc mui c cha ion Ca2+ v Mg2+. cng ca
nc c chia lm 2 loi:

cng tm thi hay cng carbonat: To bi cc mui Ca v

Mg carbonat v bicarbonat, trong ch yu l bicarbonat v mui carbobat

Ca v Mg hu nh khng tan trong nc. Gi l cng tm thi v chng
ta c th gim c n bng nhiu phng php n gin. Trong t nhin,
cng tm thi ca nc cng thay i thng xuyn di tc dng ca
nhiu yu t, v d nh nhit ...

cng vnh vin: To bi cc mui khc ca Ca v Mg nh sulphat,

clorua... ch c th thay i bng cc phng php phc tp v t tin.

Thng thng ngi ta ch quan tm n cng tm thi ca nc v n

c nh hng nhiu hn l cng vnh vin. C nhiu n v o cng
khc nhau, nhng ch yu ngi ta dng 3 n v o: dH, mg ng
lng/lt v ppm. n gin, khi o cng ngi ta thng quy v 1 loi
mui l CaCO3.
Nc c cng tm thi ln hn 100 ppm c coi l nc cng, di
mc c coi l nc mm.
2. Tc hi ca nc cng

 cng vnh vin ca nc t nh hng n sinh vt tr phi n qu cao,

ngc li, cng tm thi li c nh hng rt ln. Nguyn nhn l v thnh
phn

chnh

to

ra

cng

tm

thi

cc

mui

bicarbonat Ca v Mg: Ca(HCO3)2 v Mg(HCO3)2, chng l cc mui ha tan

hon ton nhng khng n nh, khng bn. Chng d dng b phn hy thnh
CaCO3, MgCO3 l cc mui kt ta:
Ca(HCO3)2 CaCO3 + H2O + CO2
Mg(HCO3)2 MgCO3 + H2O + CO2
Khi phn ng phn hy xy ra trong c th sinh vt, cc mui ny kt ta
trong c th sinh vt s gy hi khng nh. con ngi, chng l nguyn nhn
gy ra si thn v mt trong cc nguyn nhn gy tc ng mch do ng cn
vi thnh trong ca ng mch. Lu l cc mui CaCO3 v MgCO3 l cc
mui kt ta v chng khng thm qua nim mc h tiu ha ca chng ta
c, ch cc mui ha tan mi thm c thi. V vy, nc cng ch c tc
hi do cc mui bicarbonat.
3. Phng php chun
Cc ion trong nc cng (Ca 2+,Mg2+) c th xc nh bng phng php
chun vi EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic). EDTA khi thm vo dd
nhng ion kim loi a ho tr dng, pH = 10.0 0.1, s to thnh phc cc
phc cht. Phng trnh phn ng:
Ca2+ (Mg2+) + H2Y2-

CaY2- (MgY2-) + 2H+

Ion Ca2+ v Mg2+ nu c mt lng nh ch th mu hu c nh eriochrome

black T, dd s tr nn mu ru vang. Khi nh phn EDTA vi ion Ca 2+
v Mg2+ s lm chuyn mu dd chuyn t mu ru vang sang xanh dng
ti thi im kt thc.
10

Cu to ca EDTA:

II.

III.

Thit B
-Erlen 250ml

-Bnh nh mc 500ml

-Becher 50ml

-ng ong 100ml

-Becher 100ml

-a thy tinh

-Becher 500ml

-Mung thy tinh

-Bnh nh mc 100ml

-Buret

-Bnh nh mc 250ml

-Pipet

Ho Cht
-Na2EDTA.2H2O
-NaOH
-Dung dch m NH3-NH4Cl pH=10
-Eriochrome black T

IV.

Tin Hnh
1. Chun b dung dch chun EDTA 0,01M

11

- Lm kh 3g Na2EDTA.2H2O trong my sy. Sau , lm mt my sy

khong 15 pht.
- Cn chnh xc 1g Na 2EDTA.2H2O (sai s khong 0,0001). Cho vo
bnh nh mc 250ml v thm vo 200ml nc DI.
- Thm vo 1 t ht NaOH ha tan Na2EDTA.2H2O.
- Pha long n vch 250ml.
- Bo qun dung dch trong bnh nha ( nhng ion kim loi c th ngm
t bnh thy tinh. Do , lm thay i nng phc EDTA trong dung dch).

2. Chun b dung dch m

- Dung dch 1: ha tan 0,24g Na EDTA v 128,8mg MgCl 2 trong 10ml
nc ct.
- Dung dch 2: ha tan 3,38g NH 4Cl trong 28,6ml NH4OH m c. Trn
u dung dch 1 v 2 ri pha long thnh 50ml.
- em dung dch ny i o pH bng my o pH. Nu dung dch c pH
<10 th thm tng git NaOH n khi pH = 10,0 0,1.
3. Phn tch mu nc thy cc
- Dng pipet ht 25ml nc thy cc cho vo erlen 250ml.
- ong 25ml nc DI thm vo erlen.
- Thm 5ml dung dch m NH3NH4Cl pH = 10.
- Ch : v ch th eriochrome black T rt km bn pH cao. Tt nht l
ln u thm ch th trc khi bt u chun . Sau , khi bit c im

12

m im cui xy ra, nhng ln chun sau, cho ch th khi cch im

cui khong 2ml.
- Thm 2-3ml ch th eriochrome black T.
- Chun vi EDTA 0,01M cho n khi dung dch chuyn t mu
ru vang sang mu xanh da tri.
- Lp li qu trnh chun thm 2 ln.
V.

Tnh Ton
Th tch EDTA sau 3 ln chun :
V1= 5,2ml
V2= 4.9ml
V3= 5ml
Vtrung bnh =

ppm CaCO3 =

VI. Gio Vin Nhn Xt

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dd HTdd

BI 3: XC NH CHLORIDE
BNG PHNG PHP FAJANS
I.

Gii Thiu
14

1. Chloride
a. Ngun gc
Chloride c trong tt c cc loi nc t nhin. Ngun nc vng cao
v i ni thng cha hm lng chloride thp, trong khi nc sng v
nc ngm li cha mt lng chloride ng k. Nc bin cha lng
chloride rt cao.
Chloride tn ti trong nc bng nhiu cch:
- Nc ha tan choride t tng t mt hay cc tng t su hn.
- Bi m di chuyn t bin vo t lin di dng nhng git nh b
xung lin tc chloride vo t lin.
- Nc bin xm nhp vo cc sng gn bin v tng nc ngm ln cn.
- Cht thi ca con ngi trong sinh hot v sn xut.
b. ngha mi trng
Chloride nh hng ng k n mn ca nc; nng trn
250mg/l, chloride gy nn mn r nt. i vi ngun nc c cng
cao, kh c th nhn bit v mn trong nc.
Nng chloride cao s nh hng n kt cu ca ng dn bng kim
loi.
Trong nng nghip, chloride tc ng ln cy trng lm gim sn
lng v cht lng nng phm.
2. Phng php xc nh
Phng php Fajans l phng php chun trc tip chloride vi ions bc
(t bc nitrat) vi ch th l dichlorofluorescein (ch th hp ph).
15

Ag+ + Cl- AgCl (s) Ksp = 1,8 x 10-10

2,7-dichlorofluorescein
Bi v ch th ny hp ph ln b mt ca kt ta AgCl nn dextrin
c thm vo gi cho kt ta AgCl trng thi keo. im cui c
nhn bit bi s thay i mu ca dung dch t mu lc hi vng sang
mu hng nht. Dung dch AgNO3 cn c chun li vi dung dch NaCl
nng c chnh xc.
AgCl rt nhy cm, d b nh sng phn hy khi c mt ca cht ch
th. Chun c th hng nu c mt trc tip ca nh sng mt tri.
Nu l 1 vn , thc hin chun 3 ln v s dng th tch ca
AgNO3 thm vo (khi th tch xp x t n im cui) cho nhng ln
chun tip theo.
Nhng ln chun tip theo, trc im cui vi ml hy cho ch th
v dextrin vo. Tip tc chun khng chm tr.
Th nghim ny c chia lm 2 phn. Th nht, chun b dung dch
AgNO3 v chun li vi NaCl. Th hai, chun chloride vi dung dch
AgNO3 v tnh nng chloride trong mu.

16

II.

Dng C
-Burette

-Bnh nh mc 250ml

-Erlen 250ml

-Bnh nh mc 500ml

-Becher 50ml

-ng ong 100ml

-Becher 100ml

-a thy tinh

-Becher 500ml

-Mung thy tinh

-Bnh nh mc 100ml
III.

Ha Cht
- NaCl
- AgNO3 0,1M
- Dichlorofluorescein ( ch th)
- Dextrin

IV.

Thc Hnh
1. Pha dung dch chun AgNO3 0,1M v chun li vi dung dch NaCl
B1: Cn khong 1g NaCl cho vo l thy tinh v em lm kh trong my
sy. Sau , lm mt NaCl trong my sy khong 15 pht.
B2: Chun b dung dch AgNO 3 0,1M bng cch ha tan 4,25g AgNO 3 vo
250ml nc ct. Lc u cho AgNO3 tan ht v bo qun trong bnh ti.
17

B3: Cn chnh xc 0,15g (sai s khong 0,0001g) NaCl kh bc 1 vo

erlen 250ml.
B4: Ha tan 0,15g NaCl B3 vi 60ml nc ct. Ch : khi lng ca
NaCl v th tch dung dch rt quan trng, nn dng ng ong o chnh xc
60ml nc.
B5: Thm 10 git thuc th diclorofluorescein v khong 0,1g dextrin vo
dung dch NaCl.
B6: Ra sch buret vi t nht 3 ln bng dung dch AgNO 3 0,1M. y
buret vi dung dch AgNO3 0,1M chc chn l trong buret khng c bt kh.
B7: Ngay lp tc chun dung dch NaCl vi dung dch AgNO 3 cho n
khi xut hin mu hng bn ca ch th. c th tch ca AgNO3 trn buret.
Lp li chun 2 thm ln.
Th tch ca AgNO3 trong 3 ln chun l:
V1 = 25,8ml
V2 = 26ml
V3 = 25,8ml
Vtrung bnh = 25,87ml

lch chun:

= 0,12

S mol ca NaCl:
nNaCl = 0,15/58,5 = 2,56 x 10-3mol

18

CM ca dung dch NaCl:

CM = n/V = (2,56 x 10-3)/(60/1000) = 0,043M
Phng trnh phn ng:
NaCl + AgNO3 NaNO3 + AgCl
Ta c: CNaCl x VNaCl = CAgNO3 x VAgNO3
0,043 x 60 = CAgNO3 x 25,87
CAgNO3 = 0,0997M
2. Chun
- Cho 10ml nc thy cc vo erlen 250ml sau thm vi git cht ch th
dichorofluorescin dung dch c mu xanh qunh quang. Thm 0,1g dextrin.
- Chun bng dung dch AgNO3: dung dch mu xanh qunh quang
chuyn sang mu hng, kt thc chun .
Lp li chun thm 2 ln.
Th tch dung dch AgNO3 trong 3 ln chun :
V1 = 0,1ml
V2 = 0,15ml
V3 = 0,1ml
Vtrung bnh = 0,12ml

lch chun:

= 0,029

19

Phng trnh phn ng:

Ag+ + Cl- AgCl
Ta c: CAg+ x VAg+ = CCl- x VCl 0,1 x 0,12 = CCl- x 10
CCl- = 1,2 x 10-3 M
Trong 10ml nc thy cc c: n = (1,2 x 10-3) x (10/1000) = 1,2 x 10-5mol ClmCl- = (1,2 x 10-5) x 35,5 = 0,426mg
Phn trm Cl- (mg/ml) trong nc l:
% Cl- = (0,426/10) x 100% = 4,26%

V. Gio Vin Nhn Xt

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dd HTdd

BI 4: XC NH VITAMIN C
BNG PHNG PHP CHUN VI IT

I.

Vitamin C
1. Gii thiu chung
21

Cu to ca vitamin C
Vitamin C hay acid ascorbic l mt cht dinh dng thit yu cho cc loi
linh trng bc cao, v cho mt s nh cc loi khc. S hin din ca ascorbat
l cn thit trong mt lot cc phn ng trao i cht trong tt c cc ng vt v
cy ci v c c to ra trong c th bi hu nh tt c cc c th sinh vt,
loi tr loi ngi. y l mt cht c mi ngi bit n rng ri l
mt vitamin m thiu n th s gy ra bnh scorbut cho con ngi.
Vitamin C c nhiu trong cc loi rau qu ti nh nc cam, chanh, qut, v
c hm lng cao trong rau xanh, c bit l bng ci xanh, tiu, khoai ty, ci
brussel,rau ci, c chua, xoong cam, qut, chanh, bi
Vitamin C kt tinh khng mu hoc hi vng, rt d tan trong nc (300g/lt).
Dung dch nc 5% c pH = 3. C khi dng dng mui natri d tan trong nc
hn (900g/lt).
2. Phng php xc nh vitamin C
Phng php xc nh hm lng vitamin C trong vin si l s dng phng
php kh oxy ha. Phn ng kh oxy ha tt hn phng php chun acidbaz.
S chun ca tc nhn kh (acid ascorbic) vi it (I 2, c mt trong dung
dch di dng ion triiodua I3-) to ra ion iodua (I -) c gi l php chun
iot.
Mt th tch bit ca I2 c to ra khi cho d cht rn KI vo lng va
dung dch chun KIO3 trong mi trng axit:
22

IO3 - +

5I - +

6H+ 3I2 + 3H2O

(d)
I2 sinh ra s phn ng vi vitamin C:
C6H8O6

ascorbic acid

2H2O + I2

C6H6O6

+ 2I- + 2H3O+

(d)

Cui cng, lng iot d s c chun ngc vi dung dch chun natri
thiosulfate (Na2S2O3).
I2 + 2S2O32- 2I- + S4O62S lng axit ascorbic c xc nh bi h s t lng ca phn ng v s
khc bit gia th tch ca I2 c mt v s lng ca I2 cn li sau khi phn ng
vi acid ascorbic v do phn ng vi natri thiosulfate.
II.

Dng C - Ha Cht
1. Dng c
-Erlen 250ml

-Bnh nh mc 250ml

-Becher 50ml

-Bnh nh mc 500ml

-Becher 100ml

-ng ong 100ml

-Becher 500ml

-a thy tinh

-Bnh nh mc 100ml

-Mung thy tinh

2. Ha cht
-H tinh bt

-HgI2
23

-Na2S2O3.5H2O

-KI

-Na2CO3

-H2SO4

-KIO3

-Vin

thuc

vitamin

thng mi (dng si)

III.

Tin Hnh Th Nghim V Kt Qu

1. iu ch v chun ha dung dch natri thiosulfate
a. iu ch thuc th h tinh bt
Cho 1g h tinh bt v 1mg HgI2 vo 10ml nc. dung dch ny
vo 100ml nc si v un si cho n khi dung dch trong sut.
b. iu ch dung dch Na2S2O3 0,07M v KIO3 0,01M
Na2S2O3 0,07M: Ha tan 4,35g Na 2S2O3.5H2O trong 250ml nc si
cha 0,05g Na2CO3. Bo qun dung dch ny trong bnh nh mc c
y cht np.
KIO3 0,01M: ha tan 0,2g KIO3 rn trong bnh nh mc 100ml.
c. Chun ha dung dch Na2S2O3
Dng pipet ht 10ml dung dch KIO3 vo erlen 250ml, thm vo 0,4g
KI v 2ml dung dch H2SO4 0,5M (dung dch mu huyt). Chun
ngay lp tc vi dung dch Na2S2O3 va iu ch cho n khi mt mu
huyt (chuyn sang mu vng nht). Thm vo 2ml ch th h tinh bt nu
xut hin mu xanh en th tip tc chun cho n khi mt mu xanh
en. Lp li qu trnh chun thm 2 ln. Th tch Na2S2O3 dng:
V1 = 43,2ml
V2 = 43ml
24

V3 = 43,5ml
Vtb = 43,2ml
S mol ca KIO3:
nKIO3 = (50/1000) x 0,01 = 5x10-4mol
S mol ca KI:
nKI = 2/166 = 0,012mol
IO3 -

5I -

5 x 10-4 mol

6H+

3I2 + 3H2O
1,5 x 10-3 mol

0,012mol
(d)

S mol ca I2 sinh ra: nI2 = 1,5 x 10-3 mol

I2

2S2O32- 2I- + S4O62-

1,5x10-3 mol
Tnh nng ca dung dch Na2S2O3 va pha:
Ta c: 2CI2 x VI2 = CS2O3- x VS2O3 2 x (1,5 x 10-3) = CS2O3- x (43,2/1000)
CS2O3- = 0,07M
S mol ca

S mol ca KI

S mol ca I2 sinh ra

KIO3
5x10-4mol

Nng ca dung
dch Na2S2O3

0,012mol

1,5 x 10-3 mol

0,07M

Vy dung dch chun Na2S2O3 pha ng nng 0,07M.

25

2. Phn tch vitamin C

Ha tan 2 vin vitamin C (1 vin 3g, 2 vin l 6g) vo 60ml H 2SO4 0,3M
trong erlen. i cho vin thuc tan hon ton. Thm vo 2g KI rn v 50ml
KIO3 chun.
Chun vi natri thiosulfate chun, thm 2ml ch th h tinh bt trc
im kt thc. Lp li qu trnh chun thm 2 ln. Th tch Na2S2O3 l:
V1 = 25ml
V2 = 24,8ml
V3 = 25,1ml
Vtrung bnh = 24,97ml

lch chun:

= 0,15

d Khi lng vitamin C VNa2S2O3 = 25ml

S mol ca KIO3
nKIO3 = (50/1000) x 0,01 = 5x10-4mol
S mol ca KI:
nKI = 2/166 = 0,012mol
S mol ca I2 sinh ra: nI2 = 1,5 x 10-3 mol

IO3 -

5I - +

6H+

3I2

3H2O

26

5 x 10-4 mol

1,5 x 10-3 mol

0,012mol
(d)

S mol ca S2O32-:
nS2O32- = 0,07 x (25/1000) = 1,75 x 10-3mol
I2

2S2O32- 2I- + S4O62-

1,75 x 10-3mol
S mol I2 d phn ng vi Na2S2O3 : nI2 d = 8,75 x 10-4mol
S mol I2 phn ng vi Vitamin C:
nI2 phn ng voi vitamin C = nI2 sinh ra nI2 d
= 1,5 x 10-3 mol 8,75 x 10-4mol
= 6,25 x 10-4 mol
C6H8O6

2H2O +

I2

C6H6O6 + 2I- + 2H3O+

6,25 x 10-4 mol

S mol ca vitamin C:
nvitamin C = nI2 phn ng = 6,25 x 10-4 mol
Khi lng ca vitamin C:
mvitamin C = 6,25 x 10-4 mol x 176,12 = 110mg
d Tnh tng t nh trn ta tnh c khi lng vitamin C ln
chun 2 = 111,3mg v ln chun 3 = 109,5mg.
Khi lng trung bnh ca vitamin C:
27

mtrung bnh = 110,3mg

lch chun:

= 0,93

95% tin cy, ta c t = 4,303 v khong tin cy ca khi lng vitamin C l:

Khong tin cy :

Trn nhn ca vitamin C: 1 vin 3g cha 60mg vitamin C 2 vin = 120mg

95% tin cy c th xc nh khi lng vitamin C ghi trn nhn hng
khng ng vi khi lng thc t.
S mol ca
VNa2S2O3
V1 = 25ml

V2 = 24,8ml

I2 sinh ra
-3

1,5x10 mol

1,5x10-3 mol

S mol I2 d

S mol I2

S mol

Khi lng

phn ng vi

phn ng vi

ca

ca

Na2S2O3
8,75 x 10-4mol

Vitamin C
= nI2 sinh ra nI2

vitamin C vitamin C
= nI2p
= 176,12 x

= 6,25 x

6,25x10-4

=6,25 x 10-4

10-4 mol

mol

mol
= nI2 sinh ra nI2

= nI2p

=110mg
= 176,12 x

= 6,32 x

6,32x10-4

10-4 mol

mol

mol
= nI2 sinh ra nI2

= nI2p

=111,3mg
= 176,12 x

= 6,22 x

6,22x10-4

10-4 mol

mol

8,68 x 10-4mol

=6,32 x 10-4
V3 = 25,1ml

-3

1,5x10 mol

-4

8,79 x 10 mol

=6,22 x 10-4
mol

=109,5mg

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Phn trm khi lng vitamin C trong vin thuc:

Ln 1: % vitamin C =

Ln 2: % vitamin C =

Ln 3: % vitamin C =

IV.

Tr Li Cu Hi
1.

Trong bi th nghim ny, chun chnh l chun ca vitamin C vi I 2.

xc nh khi lng ca vitamin C trong mu. u tin, KIO 3 v KI ( c

tnh ton) phn ng vi nhau to ra 1 lng d I 2. Cho vitamin C phn ng vi I 2.
Lng d I2 c chun vi Na 2S2O3. Bit c s mol ca I2 sinh ra v I2 d
th ta tnh c s mol ca I2 phn ng vi vitamin C. T tm c khi lng
ca vitamin C.
2. Chun ha l 1 bc cn thit khi pha dung dch m nng ca dung dch
khng ng nh ta tnh (do cht em pha l cht d ht m, d bay hi,...).Nh
vy, ko th dng chun cht khc. Khi , ta phi dng mt cht chun khc
xc nh chnh xc nng dung dch pha, nhng cht chun nh th gi l
"cht chun gc", dng chun nhng cht chun. Nhng cht chun gc ny
tng i d bo qun, tinh khit ha hc cao (99,9%), thnh phn th rn cng
nh th lng ng nh cng thc ca n. Sau khi chun vi cht chun gc, ta tnh
c nng ca cht chun (thng pha cht chun c nng cao hn nng
cn) sau pha long thnh nng thp hn.
S dng cng thc: CA x VA = CB x VB.
29

3. Chun ngc l thm mt th tch chnh xc v d dung dch chun vo

dung dch cht nh phn. Sau chun lng d thuc th bng mt dung
dch thuc th khc thch hp. Da vo th tch v nng ca cc dung dch
thuc th tnh ra lng cht nh phn.

4. Chun ngc vitamin C:

To ra 1 lng d I2 bng phn ng gia KIO3 v KI.
IO3 -

5I - +

6H+

3I2

3H2O

I2 sinh ra phn ng vi vitamin C

C6H8O6

2H2O +

I2

C6H6O6 + 2I- + 2H3O+

V lng I2 d c chun vi Na2S2O3.

I2

2S2O32- 2I- + S4O62-

V. Gio Vin Nhn Xt

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dd HTdd

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