n mn hc:Thit k phn xng isome ha

MC LC
LI M U PHN I. TNG QUAN CNG NGH CHNG I. NHIT NG HC CA QU TRNH I.1. c trng v nhit ng hc I.2. C ch ca phn ng isome ha n-butan CHNG II. XC TC CA QU TRNH II.1. Xc tc trong pha lng II.2. Xc tc hydro ha trn cht mang axit ( xc tc lng chc) III.3. Xc tc axit rn CHNG III. CC DY CHUYN CNG NGH III.1. Dy chuyn cng ngh vi xc tc pha lng III.1.1. Qu trnh Izomate (Standard Oil Co.Indiana) III.1.2. Qu trnh ca Shell Devlopment Co III.1.3. Qu trnh ca hng Esso Research & Engineering Co. III.1.4. Cng ngh ca Kolleg & Root III.2. Dy chuyn cng ngh vi qu trnh isome ha pha hi III.2.1. Isome ha n-butan (butamer) ca UOP III.2.2.Qu trnh Penex ca UOP III.2.3. Cng ngh TIP (Total isomerization process) ca UOP III.2.4. Cng ngh TIP (Total isomerization process) ca IFP III.2.5. Cng ngh isome ha ca hng BP (British Petroleum) III.2.6. S cng ngh ca hng Shell (UCC Shell Hysomer) 2 3 3 3 4 5 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 10 10 13 15 17 20 21

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 n mn hc:Thit k phn xng isome ha LI M U Qu trnh isome ha n-parafin c dng nng cao tr s octan ca phn on pentan-hexan ca phn xng si n 700C, ng thi cng cho php nhn cc izo-parafin ring bit nh izo-pentan v izo-butan t nguyn liu l n-pentan v n-butan tng ng, nhm p ng ngun nguyn liu cho qu trnh tng hp cao su izo-pren, izo-butan l ngun nguyn liu tt cho qu trnh alkyl ha, hoc nhn izo-buten cho qu trnh tng hp MTBE. Cng ngh isome ho c s dng rng ri trong cc nh my lc du vi ng dng chnh l isome ha parafin nh mch thng thnh cc parafin mch nhnh. Naphtha nh c tr s octan thp, bao gm hn hp ca pentan, hexan c isome ha thnh hn hp trn cho xng c tr s octan cao v khng cha lu hunh hay hydrocacbon thm. Bn cnh , mt ng dng ph bin khc l isome ha n-butan thnh iso-butan lm nguyn liu cho cc qu trnh alkyl ha sn xut cc cu t c tr s octan cao nh 2,2,2,trimetyl pentan, hoc t iso-butan sn xut iso-buten, iso-amylen dng cho c qu trnh tng hp khc. Chnh v tm quan trng ny, trong cng nghip ch bin du, qu trnh isome ha c rt nhiu cng ty ln trn th gii ch trng, nghin cu v pht trin c th nh BP, UOP, Shell...

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 n mn hc:Thit k phn xng isome ha PHN I. TNG QUAN CNG NGH CHNG I. NGUYN LIU SN PHM I.1. Nguyn liu Isome ha thng dng nguyn liu l phn on C4, phn on C5 v phn on C6 hay hn hp C5 C6. c trng ca nguyn liu s quyt nh ch cng ngh v cht lng sn phm. Thng hm lng n-parafin khng vt qu 65% trong nguyn liu. Do , cn tch cc iso-parafin trc khi em i ch bin gim th tch l phn ng v hn ch cc phn ng ph khng tt cho qu trnh. I.2. Sn phm Ngoi sn phm chnh l cc iso-parafin, cn c cc sn phm ph nh cc kh nguyn liu C1, C2, prropan, cc hydrocacbon nng, kh H2 cha phn ng.

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 n mn hc:Thit k phn xng isome ha CHNG II. NHIT NG HC CA QU TRNH II.1. c trng v nhit ng hc Tt c cc cng ngh isome ha u tin c thit k v a vo ng dng cng nghip nhng nm 1930-1940 u da trn c s phn ng Friedel Crafts, s dng xc tc AlCl3 v tin hnh nhit 80-1200C. Nhng qu trnh ny u th hin nhng nhc im nh tc n mn rt nhanh, cc lp m xc tc hay b tc, lng xc tc tiu th qu ln.Cc phn xng ny i hi phi c bo dng thng xuyn, hiu qu vn hnh thp v gi thnh sn xut cao. n nhng nm 1950, xc tc lng chc bt u c ph bin m ra mt xu hng mi trong cng ngh isome ha khng gy n mn h thng. Vi xc tc lng chc, cc qu trnh, cc qu trnh isome ha tin hnh nhit cao hn 350-4500C, p sut 2 MPa Cc phn ng isome ha n-parafin l cc phn ng c ta nhit nh.Bng 1 cho thy nhit phn ng to thnh cc isome t cc cu t ring. Bng 1. Nhit phn ng ca cc cu t ring [1] Cu t 2-metylbutal(izo-pentan) 2,2-dimetylpropan(neopentan) 2-metylpentan(izo-hexan) 3-metylpentan 2,2-dimetylbutal (neohexan) 2,3-dimetylbutal H298, Kcal/mol -1,92 -4,67 -1,70 -1,06 -4,39 -2,53

Do cc phn ng isome ha l ta nhit nn v mt nhit ng hc, phn ng s khng thun li khi tng nhit . Mt khc phn ng isome ha n-parafin l phn ng thun nghch v khng c s tng th tch, v th cn bng ca phn ng ch ph thuc nhiu vo nhit . Nhit thp to iu kin to thnh cc isome v cho php nhn c hn hp iu kin cn bng v c tr s octan cao. th 1 cho thy s ph thuc gia nng cn bng ca cc isome vo nhit ca phn ng isome ha n-pentan v n-hexan c xy dng t tnh ton v t thc nghim. T th cho ta thy, khi tng nhit , nng cc isome u gim, cn nng cc n-parafin tng. Cng t th 1 cho thy, nu T < 200 0C s thit lp c mt hn hp cn bng c tr s octan cao.

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 n mn hc:Thit k phn xng isome ha

....

tnh ton thc nghim

th 1. S ph thuc gia nng cn bng v nhit ca phn ng [1] Khi isome cc n-parafin cn xy ra cc phn ng ph nh phn ng cracking v phn ng phn b li.V d: 2C5H12 C4H10 + C6H14

gim tc phn ng ph v duy tr hot tnh xc tc , ngi ta thc hin qu trnh p sut hydro t 2-4 Mpa v tun hon kh cha hydro. ng hc v c ch phn ng isome ha ph thuc vo iu kin tin hnh qu trnh v ph thuc vo loi xc tc c s dng. II.2. C ch ca phn ng isome ha n-butan Phn ng izome ha n-butan trn xc tc ty thuc vo axit ca xc tc, c th xy ra theo cc hng sau: II.2.1 Trn xc tc vi axit mnh ca cht mang, phn ng isome ha xy ra cc tm axit. Vai tr ca kim loi ch lm nhim v hn ch s to cc v ngn nga s tr ha cc tm axit. Khi c ch phn ng c miu t nh sau: CH3-CH2- CH2-CH3 CH3-C+(CH3)-CH3 CH3-CH(CH3)-CH3 K,H + + CH3-C+(CH3)-CH3 CH3-CH2- CH2-CH3 CH3-+CH(CH2)-CH3 K

Trong K l tm axit ca xc tc. GVHD: Phm Thanh Huyn SVTH : Hunh Th M Lang Page 5

 n mn hc:Thit k phn xng isome ha II.2.2. Vi xc tc lng chc, c ch ca phn ng c th miu t nh sau: CH3-CH2- CH2-CH3 CH3-CH2- +CH-CH3 CH3-CH2- +CH-CH3 CH3-C(CH3)=CH2 CH3-C(CH3)= CH2 Me,+H2 CH3-CH(CH3)-CH3 K CH3-C(CH3)-CH3 K,-H+ Me,-H2 CH3-CH=CH-CH3 K,+H+

Trong , Me l tm kim loi; K l tm ca xc tc

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 n mn hc:Thit k phn xng isome ha CHNG III. XC TC CA QU TRNH Xc tc c dng trong qu trnh isome ha, trc ht phi thc y cho qu trnh to ion cacboni, ngha l xc tc phi c tnh axit. Cc cht xc tc c in thng dng l xc tc trong pha lng. Ngy nay ngi ta hay dng xc tc lng chc c kim loi trn cht mang axit. III.1. Xc tc trong pha lng Cht xc tc tiu biu cho nhm ny l clorua nhm (AlCl 3) khan c hot ha bng axit clohydric.Sau ny ngi ta dng cc cht xc tc khc nh AlCl 3 + SbCl3 hay AlBr3 v cc axit sunfonic hay axit clohydric. u im ca h xc tc thuc nhm ny l chng c hot tnh cao. nhit 90 C c th chuyn ha t cn bng (chuyn ha t xp x 100%) cc n-parafin C5, C6 thnh cc izo-parafin.
0

Nhc im ca h xc tc ny l nhanh gim hot tnh v chn lc. Thm vo l chng rt d t phn hy, v khi phn hy chng to nn mi trng axit mnh, gy n mn thit b. Ngy nay, ngi ta ang tm cch hn ch cc nh hng xu ny hon thin cc ch tiu sn xut izo-parafin. III.2. Xc tc hydro ha trn cht mang axit ( xc tc lng chc) Cc cht xc tc loi ny thuc nhm xc tc refoming. V bn cht, chng c to thnh t hai thnh phn: Kim loi c c trng thc y phn ng hydro ha, thng dng l cc kim loi him nh Pt, Pd. Cht mang axit nh oxyt nhm, oxyt nhm v halogen hay alumino silicat. Cc xc tc ny c chn lc cao hn xc tc trong pha lng, nhng hot tnh ca chng thng thp hn, v th i hi nhit phn ng phi cao hn v phn ng thng c tin hnh trong pha hi. Nhng do tng nhit m phn ng isome ha khng thun li v nhit ng. Do cn thit phi tun hon nguyn liu cha bin i nng cao hiu sut ca isome hay m bo tr s octan cao cho hn hp sn phm. C ch tc dng v iu kin lm vic ca xc tc trong qu trnh ph thuc vo bn cht ca xc tc v phng php ch to n. Cc xc tc alumino platin c kch hot bng flo cho php tin hnh qu trnh isome ha nhit 360-420 0C v c gi l xc tc nhit cao.Xc tc kim loi trn zeolit c s dng nhit thp hn (230-3800C) v c gi l xc tc nhit trung bnh, cn xc tc alumino platin c hot ha bng clo cho php tin hnh qu trnh nhit t 100-200 0C v c gi l xc tc nhit thp. Xc tc kim loi trn zeolit ang c quan tm nhiu nht. GVHD: Phm Thanh Huyn SVTH : Hunh Th M Lang Page 7

 n mn hc:Thit k phn xng isome ha III.3. Xc tc axit rn [2] BeO: bin i xyclohexan thnh metylxyclopenten 4500C. Cr2O3: bin i hexadien-1,5 thnh hexadien-2,4 225 2500C. ThO2: isome ha olefin 398 4400C. TiO2: bin i heptylen thnh metylxyclohexen 4500C. Al2O3 Cr2O3, Al2O3 Fe2O3, Al2O3 Co, Al2O3 MnO2 (tt c u c t l theo trng lng l 4 : 1): isome ha metylbutylen 294 3700C. Al2O3 - Mo2O3 : bin i n-pentan thnh izo-pentan 4600C. Cr2O3 Fe2O3: chuyn v ni i, ni ba trong hp cht khng no (220 300 0C) m khng thay i cu trc mch cacbon. MoS3: bin i n-parafin thnh izo-parafin, xyclohexan thnh metylxyclopentan Al2O3 V2O5: bin i xyclohexen thnh metylxyclopenten Zeolit cc loi: isome ha hydrocacbon thm.

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 n mn hc:Thit k phn xng isome ha CHNG IV. CC DY CHUYN CNG NGH IV.1. Dy chuyn cng ngh vi xc tc pha lng Cc qu trnh isome ha loi ny c t rt lu v loi ph bin isome ha n-butan thnh izo-butan. IV.1.1. Qu trnh Izomate (Standard Oil Co.Indiana)

Hnh 1. S isome ha trong pha lng [1] 1. Reactor 2. Thit b tch xc tc v kh 3, 4. Thp phn on Qu trnh ny c thc hin c hoc khng tun hon n-parafin.Chng ch cn khc nhau bi ct tch phn on 4. Qu trnh hot ng lin tc v khng cn ti sinh xc tc. Xc tc l hn hp ca AlCl3 v HCl khan.Vng phn ng c duy tr p sut hydro hn ch cc phn ng ph nh phn ng cracking v a t.

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 n mn hc:Thit k phn xng isome ha iu kin cng ngh: T P = 1200C = 50 60 at

H2/RH = 10 -18 m3/m3 nguyn liu Nguyn liu c bo ha bng HCl khan v H 2 trong thit b hp th, sau c t nng n nhit cn thit v c np vo reactor. Xc tc dng c tch ra cng cn nha v phn ng isome ha xy ra trong pha lng. Sn phm phn ng sau khi qua thit b tch xc tc v tch kh, c a qua thp tch vt axit, ri vo ct phn on tch ring n-parafin v cho tun hon tr li vi nguyn liu. VI.1.2. Qu trnh ca Shell Devlopment Co [1] Qu trnh ny c dng ch bin phn on n-butan thnh izo-butan v cng c dng ch bin phn on C 5. Trong cc ti liu hin c, cha thy s liu p dng cho phn on C6 v nng hn. y cng l mt qu trnh lin tc v khng ti sinh xc tc. Xc tc l mt dung dch ca HCl khan v tricloantimoan c hot ha bng HCl khan.Vng phn ng c gi p sut hydro hn ch cc phn ng ph. iu kin cng ngh: T PReactor = 80 1000C = 21 at

Pring phn hydro >= 4,3 at Mhydro/nguyn liu = 5% Mnhm oxyt/xc tc = 3% Vxc tc/RH ttip xc = 1 = 15 pht

IV.1.3. Qu trnh ca hng Esso Research & Engineering Co [1] Qu trnh ny c thc hin nhit t 25 50 0C. c im chnh ca qu trnh l tin hnh chuyn ha cao nn khng cn phi tun hon li nguyn liu cha phn ng. Sn phm ca qu trnh t cc loi nguyn liu khc nhau. Ngoi ra hng ABB Lumunus Global thit k dy chuyn isome ha x l phn on C5/C6 c tr s octan thp thnh phn on c tr s octan cao v chn lc cng ln, do vy m khng cn phi tch izo-parafin khi n-parafin nhng vn t GVHD: Phm Thanh Huyn SVTH : Hunh Th M Lang Page 10

 n mn hc:Thit k phn xng isome ha c sn phm c tr s octan cao v hiu sut t n 99,5% t nguyn liu c RON bng 68 70. IV.1.4. Cng ngh ca Kolleg & Root Dng tng tr s octan t nguyn liu giu parafin n-C 5, n-C6. Ngun nguyn liu ny ly t naphtha nh, mch thng, ly phn rafinat khi tch cc hydrocacbon thm, condensat ca kh thin nhin. Qu trnh ny tin hnh s lm tng tr s octan ca nguyn liu ln t 10 18 n v. Tuy nhin iu ny cn ph thuc vo bn cht ca nguyn liu v vn hi lu cc cu t cha chuyn ha. Xc tc cho php lm vic vi nguyn liu bn, c mt hm lng lu hunh v nc trong nguyn liu. Xc tc ca qu trnh cng c th ti sinh c. Nguyn liu ca qu trnh khng nht thit phi x l hydro trc (nu nguyn liu khng c mt ca nc t do). Nguyn liu c th cha tp cht lu hunh. gim chi ph cho ti sinh v chng n mn thit b th chng ta nn s dng nguyn liu c 100ppm lu hunh.

Hnh 2. S cng ngh isome ha ca Kolleg & Root [4] 1.Thit b phn ng 2. Thit b gia nhit 3. Thp n nh tch hydro 4. Thp tch butan 5. Thit b nn kh tun hon Nguyn l lm vic: Nguyn liu v hydro c gia nhit n nhit cn thit sau dn vo thit b phn ng. Sn phm ca qu trnh thu c a qua thp n nh, phn pha trn nh thp l kh hydro mang qua my nn kh tun hon ri a hi lu tr li thit b phn ng. Cn phn nng c a qua thp tch butan a i lm kh nguyn liu. Phn nng cn li l sn phm ca qu trnh. Ty thuc vo yu cu m ta c th mang i pha trn xng ngay hay l tch ly cc cu t cha chuyn ha cho tun hon tr li thit b phn ng.

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 n mn hc:Thit k phn xng isome ha IV.2. Dy chuyn cng ngh vi qu trnh isome ha pha hi i vi qu trnh isome ha pha hi, xc tc s dng l xc tc rn, lng chc kim loi qu trn cht mang oxit (nh Al 2O3, t st hay zeolit). Qu trnh ny c thc hin nhit cao hn so vi qu trnh isome ha trong pha lng nhng b li qu trnh ny khng to ra mi trng n mn, chn lc rt cao v xc tc c th ti sinh c. V vy m tnh kinh t ca qu trnh s cao hn. Di y l nguyn l chung ca qu trnh ny:

Hnh 3. S nguyn l lm vic ca qu trnh isome ha pha hi [5] IV.2.1. Isome ha n-butan (butamer) ca UOP Qu trnh isome ha n-butan trn xc tc aluminoplatin c hot ha bng clo thc hin pha hi di p sut hydro vi lp xc tc c nh nhit t 1202400C. Khi nhn c hiu sut izo-butan ln hn 50% sau mi chu trnh. chn lc cao ca xc tc hn ch cc phn ng ph. Hiu sut sn phm t trn 90% v tiu hao H2 tng i thp, ng thi do t xy ra cc phn ng ph nn t l H 2/RH nguyn liu cn thp hn m khng lm nh hng n thi gian lm vic ca xc tc. Hn hp nguyn liu mi v sn phm ca phn ng n nh c a vo thp tch izo-butan, ti y sn phm tch ra c tinh khit cao, n-butan c trn vi kh cha H2 tun hon, qua thit b un nng n nhit phn ng ri c np vo l phn ng bn trong c cha xc tc. Sn phm phn ng c lm lnh ri c dn vo thit b tch p sut cao. Kh H 2 tch ra c b sung mt lng nh hydro ri qua my nn quay li l phn ng. Sn phm lng sau khi tch c a vo ct n nh, ti s tch tip mt phn kh hydro v C 1, C2 (cn gi l kh nhin liu). Sn phm chnh c cho qua thp tch izo-butan. Ngoi ra cn b sung vo nguyn liu isome ha mt lng nh cc hp cht halogen hu c duy tr hot ng ca xc tc. GVHD: Phm Thanh Huyn SVTH : Hunh Th M Lang Page 12

 n mn hc:Thit k phn xng isome ha Qu trnh butamer rt ph bin v c hng UOP pht trin. iu kin cng ngh: T = 120 2400C P = 3,8 MPa Tc np liu = 1- 3 h-1 Thi gian lm vic ca xc tc > 12 thng u, nhc im ca cng ngh: u im: Xc tc c hot tnh v chn lc cao, c th iu chnh c hot ca n nn hiu sut phn ng l kh cao, t phn ng ph to cc to cn nn lng kh H 2 khng cn s dng nhiu. Qu trnh lm vic pha hi nn kh nng n mn l khng ng k. Nhit , p sut phn ng khng qu cao nn t tiu tn nng lng cho qu trnh. Xc tc c kh nng ti sinh nn m bo c tnh kinh t ca qu trnh. Nhc im: Tn nhiu thit b bm, my nn. i vi s dng mt phn ng s gp kh khn trong vn bo m mc chuyn ha khi ti sinh xc tc.

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 n mn hc:Thit k phn xng isome ha

Hnh 4. Dy chuyn cng ngh isome ha n-butan [1] 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. I. II. III. IV. Thit b Ct tch iso-butan: Ct n nh: c nhim v tch cc kh nh khi sn phm trc khi a vo thp tch iso-butan. GVHD: Phm Thanh Huyn SVTH : Hunh Th M Lang Page 14 Ct tch izo-butan Ct n nh L phn ng L t nng My nn Thit b tch Nguyn liu H2 Kh t Izo-butan

 n mn hc:Thit k phn xng isome ha L phn ng: l phn ng l thit b phn ng vi lp xc tc c nh, phn ng tin hnh trong pha hi, c xc tin bi lng vt clo hu c IV.2.2.Qu trnh Penex ca UOP Qu trnh ny nhm thu sn phm c tr s octan cao t nguyn liu l phn on naphta nh c tr s octan thp. Xc tc ca qu trnh thng nhy vi cc tp cht c nn nguyn liu trc khi a vo thit b chnh phi c loi cc cht c nh cc hp cht cha lu hunh, cha oxy, cha halogen, nc. Ngi ta x l bng cch s dng kh H 2 v kt hp vi phng php sy kh.

Hnh 5. S cng ngh Penex ca UOP [4] 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Thit b sy 2.My nn Thit b phn ng Thit b tch Thp n nh Thit b lc kh

iu kin cng ngh: GVHD: Phm Thanh Huyn SVTH : Hunh Th M Lang Page 15

 n mn hc:Thit k phn xng isome ha T= P= Xc tc 370 - 4800C 20 - 70 atm : Pt/Al2O3

C b sung halogen: c Tc np liu : 2h-1

Nguyn tc hot ng: Nguyn liu t b cha a qua thit b trao i nhit cng vi kh H2 t trn xung t nhit thch hp, sau c a vo thit b phn ng. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hn hp c a sang cc thp tch loi cc tp cht v nguyn liu cha phn ng thu sn phm isome ha tinh khit v a vo b cha sn phm. u, nhc im ca cng ngh: u im: Xc tc c hot tnh v chn lc cao, bn c nhit, lm vic trong mt thi gian di. Mi trng lm vic ca qu trnh l mi trng hi nn hn ch c kh nng n mn thit b. Qu trnh thc hin lin tc nn c kh nng t ng ha cao. C kh nng lin hp vi cc qu trnh khc nh alkyl ha tn dng c cc ngun nguyn liu. Nhc im: Nhit phn ng cn qu cao nn rt d xy ra cc phn ng ph to cc, to cn. Xc tc hu nh khng c kh nng ti sinh nn tnh kinh t cha cao. IV.2.3. Cng ngh TIP (Total isomerization process) ca UOP Qu trnh thc hin isome ha nguyn liu thuc phn on t C 5 C6 chim 40 50% (mch thng). Trong nguyn liu nu c mt ca benzen th s b hydro ha thnh xyclohexan. Cng ngh ny c s dng qu trnh hp ph v tch cu t mch nhnh v mch thng ra khi nhau. Cht hp ph thng dng trong qu trnh ny dng sng phn t. Trong n ch cho php n-parafin i qua, cn cc cu t khc s b gi li. Sau khi tch ra khi hn hp cc cu t c tr s octan cao c em i pha trn xng. Cn phn b hp ph c em i tch v tun hon tr li thit b phn ng. Qu GVHD: Phm Thanh Huyn SVTH : Hunh Th M Lang Page 16

 n mn hc:Thit k phn xng isome ha trnh ny khi tin hnh cn phi c mt ca kh hydro trnh s to cc trn xc tc v trnh mt hot tnh xc tc. iu kin cng ngh: T= P= 200 3700C 1365 3415 Kpa

Thi gian np liu : 1 - 3h-1 C b sung halogen: khng

GVHD: Phm Thanh Huyn SVTH : Hunh Th M Lang Page 17

 n mn hc:Thit k phn xng isome ha

Hnh 6. S TIP ca UOP [1]

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 n mn hc:Thit k phn xng isome ha Qu trnh ny khi tin hnh cng cn phi c mt ca hydro trnh s to cc trn xc tc v trnh mt hot tnh xc tc. Nguyn liu sch c a qua thit b hp ph thay v a trc tip vo thit b phn ng. Nh vy, cc hp cht mch nhnh c a trc tip vo b cha sn phm. Do s lm gim c qu trnh cracking to cc sn phm nh. i vi nhng nguyn liu cha t n-parafin th vic a thit b hp ph vo s gim c kch thc thit b phn ng. i vi nguyn liu c hm lng benzen cao th c th tin hnh trong c hai thit b (thit b phn ng v thit b hp ph), benzen trong thit b phn ng s c chuyn ha thnh xyclohexan, v th sn phm s cha t benzen. u, nhc im ca cng ngh: u im: Xc tc c hot tnh cao, bn c, c kh nng ti sinh nn hiu qu kinh t cao. S dng xc tc trong pha hi nn mi trng lm vic c nng axit nh nn kh nng n mn khng ng k. Nhc im: Nhit phn ng tng i cao cn to cc, to cn nn gim hot tnh xc tc. VI.2.4. Cng ngh TIP (Total isomerization process) ca IFP Nguyn liu ca qu trnh s dng phn on C 5 C6 giu cc cu t parafin c tr s octan thp, sau khi thc hin qu trnh isome ha s thu c cc cu t c tr s octan cao. Qu trnh ny s dng xc tc zeolit hoc Al Cl. S la chn loi xc tc ph thuc vo yu cu nng cao tr s octan. Qu trnh ny c tun hon cc cu t nparafin cha chuyn ha bng sng phn t tr li thit b ban u. Tr s octan c ci thin mt cch r rt. iu ny th hin r bng sau: Bng 2: tr s octan ca sn phm isome ha theo cng ngh IFP cc ch v xc tc khc nhau [6] Cng ngh Zeolit Al - Cl Khng tun hon nguyn liu cha 80 83 chuyn ha Tch izo-pentan v khng tun hon n82 84 parafin C tch v tun hon cc cu t cha 86 88 chuyn ha C tun hon cc cu t n-parafin 88 90 GVHD: Phm Thanh Huyn SVTH : Hunh Th M Lang Page 19

 n mn hc:Thit k phn xng isome ha Tch izo-pentan v n-parafin, c tun hon n-parafin 92 92

im c bit ca cng ngh ny l c dng mt thit b kh izo-pentan ra khi nguyn liu. Hp ph v nh hp ph pha hi v dng izo-pentan kh hp ph. iu kin cng ngh: T= P= 230 - 2900C 14 - 42 kg/cm2

Tc np liu th tch: 14 - 22h-1 T l H2/nguyn liu : 1/4

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Hnh 7. S cng ngh isome ha ca IFP [1] GVHD: Phm Thanh Huyn SVTH : Hunh Th M Lang Page 21

 n mn hc:Thit k phn xng isome ha u, nhc im cng ngh: u im: Xc tc c hot tnh cao v bn c nhit. Qu trnh thc hin pha hi nn trnh c s n mn thit b. Qu trnh lm vic lin tc nn d t ng ha c kh nng kt hp c vi cc phn xng khc trong lc du. Lng hydro np vo khng cn tinh khit qu cao. Nhc im: nhit phn ng cao nn d xy ra cc phn ng ph to cc, to nha. So snh c im cng ngh TIP ca UOP v IFP Ging: C tun hon n-parafin. Tch n-parafin bng sng phn t. Hp ph v kh hp ph pha hi. Khc: TIP ca UOP: Dng H2 nng kh hp ph.

TIP ca IFP : im dc bit ca cng ngh ny l dng thit b kh izopentan ra khi nguyn liu. Dng izo-pentan kh hp ph. IV.2.5. Cng ngh isome ha ca hng BP (British Petroleum) Nguyn liu ca qu trnh l phn on C 5 C6 hay hn hp ca ca chng. Nguyn liu c hydro ha lm sch khi cc tp cht lu hunh v sy kh trc khi a vo isome ha. Xc tc dng cho qu trnh l alumoplatin c hot ha bng clo hu c nn c hot tnh v chn lc cao, thi gian lm vic ko di (n hai nm mi phi ti sinh). duy tr hot tnh v chn lc ta b sung mt lng nh halogen hu c vo nguyn liu vi mt ln khng ln, chnh v th m lm tng kh nng n mn kim loi (c 0,0013 mm/nm), nn ta cn ch ti vn n mn thit b. Sn phm ca qu trnh c tr s octan kh cao (trn 80). Ngoi ra cn thu c mt lng ln kh C1, C2, C3 a i lm kh nguyn liu.

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Hnh 8. S cng ngh isome ha ca BP [1] 1.L gia nhit nguyn liu 2.L phn ng 3.Tch kh 4.Ct n nh 5.my nn kh 6.Ngng t IV.2.6. S cng ngh ca hng Shell (UCC Shell Hysomer) Qu trnh c dng isome ha phn on C 5 C6 ca xng ct trc tip nhm mc ch nhn cc hp phn c tr s octan cao trong khi tr s octan ca nguyn liu nh hn 73 m cho php pha trn to sn phm c tr s octan RON ln hn 83. Xc tc cho qu trnh l xc tc a chc nng vi kim loi qu him trn cht mang zeolit vi hm lng natri nh nht. Nguyn liu sau khi c cho qua qu trnh hydro ha lm sch khi cc hp cht ca lu hunh mi cho vo isome ha. Xc tc t nhy vi vt ca nc nn hm lng nc c th cho php l 0,003% trong nguyn liu, hm lng benzen khong vi %, cn hm lng RH ln hn C6 t 2 4 %. Hiu sut ca qu trnh t 97 98% Ngoi cc phn ng chnh ra qu trnh ny cn c cc phn ng ph: Hydrocacbon thm b chuyn ha thnh cc naphtenic. Naphtenic b hydro ha thnh parafin. GVHD: Phm Thanh Huyn SVTH : Hunh Th M Lang Page 23

 n mn hc:Thit k phn xng isome ha C7+ phn ng cracking thnh cc phn t nh hn

Hnh 9. S cng ngh ca Shell [4] 1. 2. 3. 4. Thit b phn ng Thp tch My nn Thp n nh

iu kin cng ngh: T= P= Xc tc Ti sinh xc tc 230 - 2900C 1,4 3,5 Mpa : Pt/zeolit : c

C b sung halogen: khng Tc np liu :1 -3 h-1

u, nhc im ca cng ngh: u im: Nhit v p sut khng qu cao nn thun li v mt nhit ng, thun li cho vic gia cng thit b, khng s dng nhiu my nn t tin. Dy chuyn hot ng lin tc nn c kh nng t ng ha, gim c s nhn cng s dng trong phn xng. GVHD: Phm Thanh Huyn SVTH : Hunh Th M Lang Page 24

 n mn hc:Thit k phn xng isome ha Xc tc c thi gian lm vic kh lu (5 10 nm), hot tnh cao. Nhc im: Xc tc kh hot tnh cao, thi gian lm vic lu nhng kh nng ti sinh rt km. Qu trnh lm vic trong mi trng axit nn kh nng n mn thit b cao. Do vy phi s dng vt liu t tin.

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TI LIU THAM KHO [1].GS.TS L Vn Hiu, Cng Ngh Ch Bin Du M, Nh Xut Bn Khoa Hc V K Thut, H Ni 2009. [2].Tp Th Tc Gi, Ha Hc Du M V Kh, Nh Xut Bn Khoa Hc V K Thut, H Ni 2010. [3].Tp Th Tc Gi, Cng Ngh Tng Hp Hu C Ha Du, Nh Xut Bn Khoa Hc V K Thut, H Ni 2006. [4].https://www.google.com.vn/search? um=1&hl=vi&tbo=d&biw=1252&bih=531&noj=1&tbm=isch&sa=1&q=c %C3%B4ng+ngh%E1%BB%87+isome+h%C3%B3a+TIP+c%E1%BB %A7a+UOP&oq=c%C3%B4ng+ngh%E1%BB%87+isome+h%C3%B3a+TIP+c %E1%BB %A7a+UOP&gs_l=img.3...1037434.1042939.0.1043708.16.14.1.0.0.0.584.2084.5j7j1 j5-1.14.0...0.0...1c.1.5SlRwrKmNk0 [5]. http://vi.scribd.com/doc/62005580/QUA-TRINH-IZOME-HOA
[6.]http://www.doko.vn/luan-van/Thiet-ke-phan-xuong-Isome-hoa-162940

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