Chng 5: Hidrocacbon Khng No

BI 1: ANKEN (OLEFIN) I. L THUYT (Bn photo nh km) II. CC DNG BI TP

Nguyn Anh-T:0979.879.702

DNG 1: NG PHN DANH PHP Vit CTCT v gi tn cc ng phn mch h ng vi cng thc C 4H8 ; C5H10 ; C6H12 . Cho bit cng thc no c ng phn cis trans. DNG 2: HON THNH S PHN NG Cu 1: Vit y cc phng trnh phn ng theo s sau

a) ru etylic

A
+HCl

+Cl2(as)

b) etilen ru etylic etilen 1,2-ibrometan etan etylenclorua d) C2H5COONa C2H6 C2H4 C2H4(OH)2 C2H5Cl f) C3H8 C3H6 C3H7Cl C3H6(OH)2 (C3H6)n polietilen cacbonic

c) C2H5OH C2H4 C2H5OH C2H5Cl C2H4Br2 (-CH2 CH2- )n e) C2H5OH C2H4 C2H4Cl2 C2H6 C2H5Cl

Cu 2:. Hon thnh cc phng trnh phn ng sau ( ghi r iu kin phn ng): a) C2H5COONa + NaOH A + Na2CO3 c) B + KOH C + KCl + H2O e) 3-metylpent-2-en + H2O g) CH2 = CH2 + HBr c) CH3 CH = CH2 + HI cu 3:. a) Vit phng trnh phn ng iu ch cc hp cht sau y t nhng anken thch hp: CH3CHBr CHBrCH3 ; CH3CHBr CBr(CH3)2 ; CH3CHBr CH(CH3)2 b) Vit cng thc cu to v gi tn cc anken iu ch c khi tch H2O t cc ancol sau: CH 3 CHOH CH3 ; CH3 CH2 CH2OH ; CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2OH ; (CH3)3C OH c) Vit phn ng trng hp ca cc cht sau: CH2 = CH2 ; CH2 = C(CH3)2 ; CH2 = CHCl d) Vit phng trnh tc dng vi thuc tm v trng hp ca cc cht sau:etilen, propilen, isobuten. DNG 3: NHN BIT Bng phng php ha hc nhn bit: a) metan v etilen ; b) hex-2-en v xiclohexan c) H 2, C2H6, C2H4 b) A + Cl2 B + HCl d) C

xt,to
?

f) Propen

polyme

h) CH 2 = CH2 + ? CH3 CH2OH

DNG 4: TON V PHN NG T CHY , OXI HA, PHN NG CNG Cu 1. a) t chy 5,6 lt kh hirocacbon to thnh 16,8 lt CO 2 v 13,5g H2O. Cc th tch kh ktc. Tm CTPT v vit CTCT ca hirocacbon. b) t 0,56 lt anken (0oC, 2 atm) sinh ra 3,6g H2O. CTPT v CTCT? c)Cho 5,6 lt anken (kc) i qua bnh dd Brm thy khi lng bnh tng 0,7g. CTPT ca anken? d) hiro ha 0,7g mt anken cn dng 246,4 ml H2 (27,3oC v 1 atm). nh CTPT ca anken. e) Cho 7g mt anken tc dng hon ton vi dd KMnO4 long thu c 10,4g cht hu c.CTPT? f) Cho 3,5g anken A phn ng vi 50g dd Br2 40% va . CTPT? Cu 2. Cho 3 lt hh etan v etilen (kc) vo dd Brom thu c 4,7g 1,2 ibrometan. Tnh % khi lng mi cht trong hh. Cu 3. t chy 5,8g hh etilen v etan thu c 17,6g kh CO2. Tnh khi lng mi cht trong hh u.

Trang 1

Chng 5: Hidrocacbon Khng No

Brm d ngi ta thy khi lng bnh tng thm 7g. a) Tm CTPT cc anken. b) %V ca mi cht trong hh A?

Nguyn Anh-T:0979.879.702

Cu 4. Mt hh A gm 2 anken lin tip nhau trong dy ng ng. Cho 1,792 lt hh A (0 oC ; 2,5 atm) qua bnh dd

c) Nu t chy cng th tch trn ca hh A v cho tt c sn phm vo 500 ml dd NaOH 1,8M th s thu c nhng mui g? Khi lng bao nhiu? Cu 5. Cho 6,72 lt hh kh gm 2 anken li qua nc brom d thy khi lng bnh tng 16,8g. Xc nh CTPT mi anken bit s nguyn t C trong mi anken khng qu 5. Cu 6. Cho 11,04g hh gm etan v propilen lm mt mu 136g dd brom 20%. a) %V mi kh trong hh? b) t chy cng lng hh Y ni trn, dn sn phm chy vo nc vi trong c d thu c bao nhiu gam kt ta? Cu 7. Cho 16,24g hh hai anken lin tip lm mt mu 256g dd brom 20%. a) Xc nh CTPT mi anken. b) % khi lng mi anken trong hh? Cu 8. Cho 11,2 lt hh gm propan v 1 anken qua bnh dd brom d thy khi lng bnh tng 11,2g. Mt khc nu t chy hon ton 11,2 lt hh trn th thu c 38,08 lt CO2 (kc). a) Tm CTPT ca anken. b) Tnh % khi lng hh ban u. Cu 9. t chy hon ton 0,01 mol mt anken X .Hp th ton b lng CO 2 to thnh vo bnh cha 30 ml dd Ca(OH)2 1M thu c 2 g kt ta. a) Xc nh CTPT c th c ca X. b) Xc nh CTCT ng ca X bit rng X tc dng vi HCl to ra ti a 2 sn phm. Cu 10. t chy hon ton 10 lt hh X gm 2 anken ng ng k tip thu c 26 lt CO 2(ktc). Cc th tch kh o cng iu kin nhit v p sut. a) Xc nh CTCT v gi tn hai anken. b) Tnh % khi lng mi anken trong hh. c) Hirat ha hon ton hh X thu c ti a bao nhiu ancol? Cu 11. HH kh A gm H2 v hai olefin ng ng k tip. Cho 19,04 lt hh A (ktc) i qua bt Ni nung nng thu c hh kh B. Cho mt t hh kh B qua dd Brom thi dd Brom b nht mu. Mt khc t chy hh kh B th thu c 43,56g CO2 v 20,43g H2O. a) Vit CTCT v gi tn cc olefin. b) Tnh %V cc kh trong A. c) Tm t khi hi ca B so vi khng kh. Cu 12. Cho m gam anken A i qua bnh cha 120 ml dd brom 1M. Sau khi phn ng hon ton thy nng brom cn li trong bnh l 0,5M ng thi thy khi lng bnh tng 2,52g. a) Xc nh CTPT. CTCT v gi tn A. b) Cho 8,4g A tc dng vi HCl. Sau khi phn ng kt thc thu c hai sn phm X v Y vi t l s mol n X: nY = 3:7. Xc nh CTCT v tnh khi lng ca X v Y. c) t chy hon ton a gam cht A. Hp th ton b sn phm chy vo bnh ng nc vi trong d thy khi lng bnh tng 5,58g v thu c b gam kt ta. Tm a v b?

Trang 2

Chng 5: Hidrocacbon Khng No

Nguyn Anh-T:0979.879.702

BI 2: ANKADIEN Cu 1. Vit cc ng phn ankaien v gi tn theo danh php quc t ng vi cc CTPT sau: C 4H6 ; C5H10. Nhng ankaien no l lin hp? Cu 2. Vit phng trnh phn ng ca buta-1,3-ien v isopren vi: a) dd Br2 ( t l mol 1:1 v 1:2). a) cao su buna t ancol etylic. c) cao su isopren t isopentan. Cu 4. Xc nh CTCT v vit phng trnh phn ng minh ha cc phn ng sau: A + 2H2 B B C + D polipropilen E + H2 nha PE C D E b) dd HCl ( t l 1:1). b) cao su cloropren t vi. c) trng hp. Cu 3. Vit phng trnh iu ch (cc cht v c cn thit c ):

Bit A l mt ankaien lin hp, mch nhnh. Cu 5. Xc nh CTCT c th c ca cc cht sau bit: a) T khi hi ca ankaien lin hp A i vi metan l 4,25. b) Cho mt ankaien B hp th hon ton vo dd brom d thy khi lng bnh tng ln 4g v khi lng brom tham gia phn ng l 32g. Cu 6. Cho 5g hh gm but-1-en v 1 ankaien A chia thnh hai phn bng nhau: - P1: hp th hon ton bng 160g dd Br2 5% to thnh hp cht no. - P2: t chy hon ton, th tch O2 phn ng l 5,936 lt (kc). a) Xc nh CTPT v CTCT ca A bit A c hai nhm metyl gn vi mch C chnh. b) Tnh thnh phn % khi lng mi cht trong hh. Cu 7. Mt hh X gm 1 anken v 1 ankaien c cng s nguyn t C: - t chy hon ton 1,0752 lt hh X (kc) th thu c 8,448g CO 2. Xc nh CTPT ca cc hirocacbon. - Nu khi lng Brom cn dng phn ng vi hh X trn l 13,44g to hp cht no hon ton. Tnh t khi hi ca hh X so vi H2. BI 3: ANKIN Cu 1. Vit CTCT v gi tn cc ng phn ankin c CTPT: C4H6, C5H8, C6H10. Trong cc ng phn trn, ng phn no c th tham gia phn ng vi dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH3? Cu 2. Hon tt PTP theo t l mol 1:1 a) pent-1-in + Br2 a) H2 ( Pd/PbCO3, to) a) etan, eten, etin c) CH4, C2H4, C2H2, HCl e) n-butan, but-1-in, buta-1,3-dien, CO2 b) pent-2-in + HCl b) dd brom (d) c) 3-metylbut-1-in + Cl 2 c) dd AgNO 3 trong NH3 Cu 3. Vit phn ng xy ra gia propin vi cc cht sau: Cu 4. Bng phng php ha hc, phn bit cc cht sau: b) butan, but-1-in, but-2-in d) but-1-in, but-2-in, isobutan

Trang 3

Chng 5: Hidrocacbon Khng No

Cu 5. Thc hin chui chuyn ha sau, ghi r iu kin (nu c) a) CH3COONa CH4 C2H2 C4H4 C4H6 cao su buna C2Ag2 C2H2 C2H3Cl PVC b) CaCO3 CaO CaC2 C2H2 C6H6 HOOC-COOH c) Al4C3 CH4 C2H2 C2H4 C2H6 C2H5Cl C2H4 C2H5OH d) propan metan axetilen vinyl axetilen butan propilen PP

Nguyn Anh-T:0979.879.702

Cu 6. Xc nh cc CTCT ca A, B,C,D,E,F,J,H v hon thnh cc phn ng sau:

C+A

Ni, to 1500 C
o

B D + E

B lm lnh nhanh C + A C + AgNO3 + NH3 D + F A + C H 2C I + A J I J polime C + G H polime

Cu 7. Vit cc phng trnh iu ch cc cht sau ( ha cht ph c ) a) nhm cacbua PE, PP, PVC c) vi benzen trng. a) Xc nh CTPT v gi tn cc ng phn ca A. b) Cho A tc dng vi HCl t l mol 1:1 ta ch thu c mt sn phm . Cho bit CTCT ng ca A. Cu 9. t chy hon ton 0,02 mol mt hidrocacbon A sinh ra 2,64g CO2. Xc nh CTCT ca A bit A tc dng AgNO3/NH3 to kt ta vng nht. Cu 10. t chy hon ton mt hn hp gm 2 ankin k tip trong dy ng ng thu c 4,4g CO 2 v 1,26g H2O. Tm CTPT v tnh %V cc cht trong hn hp. Cu 11. t chy hon ton mt hidrocacbon A thuc dy ng ng ca axetilen sinh ra 2,64g CO 2. Ly cng lng A tc dng vi AgNO3/NH3 tch c 2,94 g kt ta. Xc nh CTPT v CTCT. Cu 12. Dn 4,8g mt hidrocacbon X l ng ng ca axetilen qua dd AgNO 3/NH3 n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton th c 17,64g kt ta. Tm CTPT, CTCT ca X v tnh s mol AgNO 3 tham gia phn ng. Cu 13. Hn hp C2H4 v C2H2 qua dd AgNO3/NH3 d thu c 2,4g kt ta. Nu cho hn hp trn qua dd Brom 1M to sn phm no hon ton th cn 25ml dd Brom. Tnh thnh phn %V hn hp u. Cu 14. Hn hp X gm 1 anken A v 1 ankin B c cng s nguyn t H. t chy hon ton hn hp X thu c 11,2 lt CO2(kc) v 8,1g H2O. nh CTPT A, B bit t khi hi ca hn hp X so vi H2 l 23. Cu 15. C mt hn hp gm etilen v axetilen. Chia hn hp lm 2 phn bng nhau: - P1: Cho tc dng vi dd Br2 thy khi lng bnh tng 0,68g. - P2: em t chy hon ton th cn 1,568 lt kh oxi (ktc). b) natri axetat cao su buna, cao su isopren d) propan etan, n-butan

Cu 8. t chy 2,7g mt ankin A, sau cho sn phm vo dung dch nc vi trong d thy to thnh 20g kt ta

Trang 4

Chng 5: Hidrocacbon Khng No

Xc nh %V cc kh trong hn hp X.

Nguyn Anh-T:0979.879.702

Cu 16. Mt hn hp kh Y gm metan, etilen, axetilen vi th tch l 1,12 lt (ktc) - Cho Y qua dung dch AgNO3/NH3 c d, th tch kh gim 0,56 lt. - t chy hon ton 1,12 lt hn hp, dn ton b kh CO2 thu c qua bnh ng nc vi trong c d thu c 8,125g kt ta. Xc nh thnh phn %V cc kh trong hn hp. Cu 17. Mt hh kh A, B k tip nhau trong dy ng ng ca axetilen. Ly 14,7g hh chia lm hai phn bng nhau: - P1: tc dng ht vi 48g Brom. - P2: qua dd AgNO3/NH3 thy c kt ta. Ly kt ta cho vo dd HCl d thu c mt kt ta khc nng 7,175g. Xc nh CTCT ng v gi tn A, B. Cu 18. Cho 17,92 lt hh X gm H2 v axetilen trong bnh c sn t bt Ni. t nng bnh mt thi gian thu c hh kh Y. - Cho lng kh Y qua bnh ng dd AgNO3/NH3 d th c 1,2g kt ta vng nht. - Cho lng kh Y qua dd brom d th khi lng bnh brom tng thm 0,41g. Tnh th tch mi kh trong hh Y bit dX/H2 = 4. Cc th tch kh o ktc. Cu 19. Hh X gm 1 anken A v 1 ankin B c cng s nguyn t C trong phn t. Bit t khi ca X so vi H 2 bng 13,375. a) Xc nh CTCT ca A v B. b) Trn 4,28g hh X vi 0,28g H2 thu c hh Y. Nung Y vi Ni xc tc mt thi gian thu c hh Z. Dn hh Z qua bnh ng dd AgNO3/NH3 d thu c m gam kt ta vng nht v 3,584 lt hh kh T (kc) thot ra khi bnh. Bit t khi hi ca T so vi H2 bng 11. Tnh m. Cu 20. HH A gm 2 ankin u mch lin tip ( khng c axetilen) . Cho 3,22g hh A tc dng vi dd AgNO 3/NH3 d thu c 10,71g cht rn mu vng. a) Xc nh CTPT, CTCT v gi tn A. b) Tnh khi lng mi cht trong hh u. Cu 21. t 3,4g mt hirocacbon A to ra 11g CO2. Mt khc khi cho 3,4g A tc dng vi lng d dd AgNO3/NH3 thy to thnh a gam kt ta. a) Xc nh CTPT ca A. b) Vit CTCT ca A bit khi A tc dng vi H2 d c xc tc Ni to thnh isopentan. BI TP TNG HP DNG 1 : VIT PTPU THEO S , GHI R IU KIN NU C Etilen nha P.E a. Metan axetilen vinylaxetilen buta-1,3-ien cao su Buna b. Ancol butylic butilen butan metan axetilen etilen ibrom etan c. Propen 2- Brompropan propan-2-ol 1,2 ibrompropan d. CaC2 C2H2 C4H4 C4H10 C2H4 C2H5OH C4H6 Cao su buna e/ Natri axetatmetanaxetilenetilenpolietilen f/ Butanetanaxetilenvinyl axetilenbuta-1,3-dien cao su Buna. g/

Trang 5

Chng 5: Hidrocacbon Khng No

C2H6 C2H3Cl P.V.C CH4 C2H2 C2H4 C2H6 C2H5Cl. C4 H 4

Nguyn Anh-T:0979.879.702

C4 H 6

polibuta-1,3-dien

k)

(8) (7) (1) ancol etylic etilen etan 1,2-icloetan

(2)

(3) (4) canxi cacbua etin Bac Axetilua

(5)
(6) Vinyl clorua PVC DNG 2: NHN BIT CC KH TRONG CC L MT NHN SAU 1) metan, kh cacbonic, propen, but-1-in 3) but-1-in, but-2-in, etan, kh cacbonic 2) propilen, butan, axetilen, cacbonic 4) Metan ; but-1-in va but-2-in, cacbonic DNG 3: BI TON TM CNG THC PHN T, % TH TCH KH Cu 1: Khi t chy han tan 5,8gam mt cht hu c A cha C,H,O thu c 13,2 gam CO 2 v 5,4 gam nc. Bit t khi hi ca A i vi khng kh l 2. Tm cng thc n gin v cng thc phn t ca A. Cu 2 t chy hon ton 2,46 gam cht hu c (A) cha C,H,O,N thu c 5,28 gam CO 2, 0,9 gam H2O v 224ml N2 (ktc). T khi hi ca (A) so vi khng kh l 4,24. Tm cng thc phn t ca (A). Cu 3: t chy hon ton 4,4 gam cht hu c A cha C,H,O thu c 8,8 gam CO 2 v 3,6 gam nc. Bit khi ha hi hon ton 2,2 gam A th thu c th tch bng th tch ca 0,8 gam Oxi trong cng iu kin. Tm cng thc n gin v cng thc phn t ca A. Cu 4: t chy hon ton 36 gam amin X (cha C,H,N) bng Oxi va thu c 35,84 lt CO 2 (kc), 50,4 gam nc v 8,96 lt N2 (kc). Bit t khi hi ca X i vi kh hidro l 22,5. Tm cng thc phn t ca X. Cu 5 t chy hon ton 1 hidrocacbon mch h X thu c 5,6 lt CO2 (kc) v 5,4 gam H2O. a) Tm cng thc phn t ca X) b) Vit CTCT cc ng phn ca X, gi tn. Cu 6 : t chy hon ton mt hidrocacbon mch h Y thu c 8,96 lt CO 2 (kc) v 7,2 gam nc. Bit t khi hi ca Y i vi hidro l 28. a) Tm cng thc phn t ca Y b) Vit cc CTCT cc ng phn ca Y, gi tn. Cu 7 : t chy hon ton 1 hidrocacbon mch h X thu c 17,6gam CO 2 v 5,4 gam H2O. a) Tm cng thc phn t ca X (2 ) b) Hp th kh X vo dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 thy c kt ta vng nht. Vit CTCT, gi tn X. Cu 8 : Dn 6,72 lt (kc) hn hp metan, etilen, axetilen vo dung dch AgNO 3/NH3 d thy sinh ra m gam kt ta vng v cn 4,48 lt (kc) hn hp kh X, hp th X vo dung dch Brom d thy dung dch b nht mu v bay ra 1,12 lt(kc) kh Y. a/ Vit cc PTP xy ra, tnh phn trm th tch mi kh trong hn hp u. b/ Tnh khi lng kt ta vng thu c.

Trang 6