http://inthesenewtimes.

com/2009/04/25/thedisappearingbeesccdandelectromagneticradiation/

The disappearing bees: CCD and electromagnetic radiation

PostedbyinthesenewtimesonApril25,2009 ByCaileanBochanan 17February2008 Timeline 1973 In1973KarlvonFrischwontheNobelprizeforaseriesofstudiesdoneinthe1940sonthe navigationalabilityofthehoneybee.Hefoundthattheyutilizedbothasunanglecompassanda polarizedlightsystemfornavigation.Perhapsmoreamazingwastheirabilitytocommunicatethe vectoranddistanceofafoodsourcetootherworkersinthehivebymeansofadancethatused boththesunangleandthegravitationalvector.Whilethesunangleandpolarizedlightwerequite efficienttheywouldbeabsentoncloudydays.However,thebeeswerestillabletonavigatewiththe sameprecisionunderthoseconditions.Thereobviouslyhadtobeabackupsystemofsomekind availabletotheseanimalsthatwastotallyindependentofthesetwocues. ElectromagnetismandLife http://www.ortho.lsuhsc.edu/Faculty/Marino/EL/EL3/Positional.html 1974 In1974,theRussianresearchersEskovandSapozhnikovfoundthatbeesgenerateelectromagnetic signalswithamodulationfrequencybetween180and250Hzwhentheydotheircommunications dances. (ItisimportanttonotethatourGSMmobilesystemismodulatedwith217Hz).Hungrybeesreact tothosefrequenciesbyerectingtheirantennae[8].Warnkereportedthatthecommunication impulsesoftheantennaewhentouchedbyafellowbeecanbemeasuredwithanoscillograph[9]. http://www.heseproject.org/heseuk/en/papers/bigbeedeath_0407.pdf 1976 UlrichWarnkepublishesareportEffectsofelectricchargesonhoneybees.Itincludedthefinding thatBeesinstrongelectricfieldbecameaggressive,stingingeachothertodeath;communication wasdisturbed.Beesleftthehiveiftheycould. ThedesertionofthehiveisthemostcharacteristicfeatureofCCD http://www.heseproject.org/heseuk/en/papers/warnke_bee_world_76.pdf 1980 JournalofExperimentalBiology86,18(1980)publishesareportonOrientationofDemagnetized BeeswhichconcludesthatTheorientationofhoneybeedancesisaffectedbytheearths magneticfield. Clickheretoviewreport 1982 StateUniversityofNewYorkpublishes

ElectromagnetismandLife RobertO.BeckerandAndrewA.Marino Thisprovidesthetheoreticalfoundationsfortheinteractionbetweenelectromagnetismandlife,an interactionwhichhadpreviously,and,tosomeextent,stillis,presumednottoexist.Init,achapter isdedicatedtotheroleofEMradiationinthenavigationofbeesandothercreatures.Heopenswith thissummary: Itisclearthattheexistenceofthebiologicalcyclephenomenonisdependentupontheliving subjecthavingpreciseknowledgeofitspositionontheearth.Sinceitalsoappearsthattheearths electromagneticfieldisthemostimportantsinglesignalforthisfunction,itseemslikelythatitis similarlyinvolvedinthemigrationalanddirectionfindingabilitiesofmanyanimals.This possibilityhasbeenconfirmedbyrecentstudies. concludingwiththiswarning: Fromalltheforegoingreportsitisobviousthatthepresentnormalearthmagneticfieldisan importantparameteroftheenvironmentforlivingthings.Changesinthefieldsinthepasthavebeen showntoexertevolutionarypressureandpossiblyeventohavebeenassociatedwithbiogenesis.All livingthingsareatpresentintimatelytiedtovariousaspectsoftheearthsfield,anditseemsquite possiblethatevenmoredramaticfindingswillbereportedinthefuture.Itmustbekeptinmindthat therelationshipisasubtleone,incontrasttothemoreobviousparametersoftheenvironment. Sincethepresentrelationshipbetweenlivingthingsandtheelectromagneticenvironmentisthe resultofseveralbillionsofyearsofdevelopment,thequestionofthebiologicaleffectsofabnormal electromagneticparametersintroducedintotheenvironmentbymansactivitiesbecomesofsome importance. PositionalandNavigationalAids.SectionofChapter3. Thisextraordinarilyclearandreadableexpositioncanbereadinitsentiretyat http://www.ortho.lsuhsc.edu/Faculty/Marino/EL/ELTOC.html 1990 SharpdeclineinnumberofcommercialbeecoloniesinUSbegins.Between1990and1996one quarterarelost. http://www.pmac.net/birdbee.htm 1992 AccordingtoastatementfromtheFrenchparliamentin2007theunexplaineddieoffofbeesin Francedatesfrom1992. MessieurslesDputs,lasurmortalitinexpliquedesabeilles(etinexplicablesilonddouane avecexpertiseleGauchoetleRgent)existedepuis1992.Pourquoidoncavoirattendu15annes avantdeproposerlaconstitutiondunecommissiondenqute??? [Gentlemen,theunexplaineddieoffofbees...hasbeenwithussince1992.Whythenhavewe waited15yearstosetupacommissionofenquiry?] CitedinPesticides.RvlationssurunscandalefranaisbyNicolinoetVeillerette http://www.liberterre.fr/gaiasophia/agriculture/pollinisateurs/requiem01.html 1995 ThedeclineinbeecoloniesacceleratesinFrance. EnFrance,untiersdescoloniesmeurentchaqueanneedepuis1995et1.500apiculteurs,amateurs etprofessionnels,cessentleuractivitecequimenaceraitautotal5.000emplois.(2007)

[InFranceathirdofcolonieshavediedineveryyearsince1995and1,500beekeepers,amateurand professional,haveceasedtheiractivitiesthreateningatotalof5000jobs.] http://www.consoglobe.com/acenvironnement_1736_findesabeillesfindumonde.html 1996 SomethingofapanictakesholdintheUSAwiththepublicationofthiswork: OurForgottenPollinators:ProtectingtheBirdsandBees ByMrillIngram,GaryNabhanandStephenBuchmann PANNA,SanFrancisco,CA http://www.pmac.net/birdbee.htm Apollinationcrisisisflaring,writeauthorsStephenBuchmanandGaryNabhan.Itthreatens rare,endangeredplantsaswellasthecommononesthatkeeppeopleclothedandfedAtriskis everyplantcropthatdependsonpollinationforreproduction:oneinthreemouthfulsofthefood peopleeat. AlbionMonitorJuly28,1996 http://www.monitor.net/monitor 1997 AFrenchstudyin2006citesastreamofpublicationsandarticlesfrom1997showingaweakening andabnormalmortalityrateamongstbeecoloniesinFrance. Ledeperissementdelabeilledomestique,Apis melliferaL.,1758(Hymenoptera:Apidae):faitset causesprobables. http://www.fsagx.ac.be/zg/Publications/pdf%20zoologie/15511600/1585.pdf 29December1997 ThehoneybeesarebeingdecimatedaccordingtoareportbyAmyGoodmanonDemocracyNow. ShealsoreferstoRachelCarsonspredictionofasilentspring. http://www.democracynow.org/1997/12/29/forgotten_pollinators_americas_bees 1998 TheinsightsofBeckerstheoriesand,moreimmediatelythoseofDr.PhilCallahanfinda commercialoutletintheuse,byastudentofthelatter,TomDykstra,ofEMradiationtokilloff pests,by,forexample,disruptingtheinsectsmatingcyclethroughamplifiedlowlevelenergies CallahanTheoriesinActionBattlingPestswithElectromagnetics http://www.acresusa.com/tapes/closeup.asp?prodid=558&catid=49&pcid=3 1999 ThisistheyearofthefirstconfirmedreferenceIcanfindtowhatisnowcalledCCD,referredtoin Spanishassindromededespoblamientodelascolmenas(hivedesertionsyndrome).Itcomesin SpainsmajorscientificreportintoCCDpublishedin2007,whichstatescategorically: Nuestroequipocomenzoainvestigarelorigendeestesndromeyaafinalesde1999 [Ourteambegantoinvestigatetheoriginofthissyndromeattheendof1999] EldespoblamientodelascolmenasenEspaa. http://apitrack.com/informaciontecnica/higesnoscemaceranae122006_es_open.htm

2000 Winter:CCDstartsinnorthernSpain LadesapariciondemillonesdeabejassindejarrastronoafectasoloaEstadosUnidos,sinoquees unfenomenogeneralizadoencasitodoelmundo.EnEuskalHerriacomenzoadetectarseenel inviernode20002001. [Thedisappearanceofmillionsofbeeswithouttracedoesn'tonlyaffecttheUSA;itisageneral phenomenaalmosteverywhere.ItwasfirstobservedinEuskalHerria(SpanishBasquecountry)in thewinterof20002001.] http://www.gara.net/paperezkoa/20070425/14714/es/Enigmatica/desaparicion/abejas/todo/mundo 2001 AscientificstudyMagnetitebasedmagnetoreception2001affirmsthesensitivitytoelectric fieldsandtheirroleinnavigationacrosswiderangeofspecies. http://www.gps.caltech.edu/~jkirschvink/pdfs/COINS.pdf 2002 29January,2002 CanadianAssociationofProfessionalApiculturistsorganizedandhostedaworkshopatCalgary Albertawhichconcluded: BeekeepersinCanadaareexperiencinganincreasingincidenceofunexplainedandsubstantial colonymortality http://www.honeycouncil.ca/users/folder.asp?FolderID=4971 May25,2002Researcherstrytounravelcauseofbeedieoff(NationalPost,Canada) Honeybeeshavebeendyinginalarmingnumbersaroundtheworldsincethemid1990s.More recently,theproblemhassurfacedinNorthAmerica,wherethehoneybeeisnotanindigenous creature,butwasimportedfromEuropemanydecadesago. BeekeepersintheMaritimesannouncedtwoyearsagothatthey,too,weresufferinghighlosses amongtheirhives.Whilea5%to10%annuallossofbeesisexpectedintheindustry,beekeepersin P.E.I.andNewBrunswickbeganreportingmortalityratesofbetween30%and90%.Similar complaintshavesinceemergedinNovaScotiaandSouthernOntario. Dr.Kemp,aUPEIbotanist,wasenlistedbytheprovincialgovernmenttofindoutwhatiskilling Canadasbees. http://www.honeycouncil.ca/users/folder.asp?FolderID=4979 7August2002 TheNationalBeekeepersAssociationUNAAPIsaidthecountrywaswitnessingasilent slaughterofbeesandthatItalianhoneyproduction wouldplummetbyatleast50%in2002. http://www.mieliditalia.it/herald.htm 2003 14October2003 BeelossesinFrance2003 Untilrecently,thenormaldeathrateforbeesduringthewintermonthswasonein10.Now,says

VincentClairoftheFrenchNationalBeeSurveillanceUnit,thedeathrateissixin10. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/3178400.stm September2003 ExperiencesofBeekeepers Prof.em.Dr.FerdinandRuzicka,whoisabeekeeperhimselfandhascontributedtoavarietyof beekeepingjournals,hasassembledawealthofexperiencesfromhisownobservationsand questionnairestootherbeekeepers.Hesays:Theproblemsonlyappearedsinceseveraltransmitters havebeeninstalledintheimmediateproximitytomyhives.Afterthisevent,hepublishedaques tionnaireintheBeekeepingJournal„DerBienenvater2003/9:Thequestionwhethera mobilephonetransmitterwaswithina300mradiusofthehiveswasansweredaffirmativelyinall 20replies.Thequestionwhetherthebeesdisplayedmoreaggressivebehaviouraftertheinstallation thanbeforewasansweredaffirmativelyby38%oftherespondents. Thequestionwhetherthebeesshowedagreaterinclinationtoswarmaftertheinstallationwas answeredaffirmativelyby25%oftherespondents. Thelastquestionregardingunexplainedcolonycollapsewasansweredaffirmativelyby63%ofthe respondents.AccordingtoRuzickasobservations,thebeecoloniesaresoweakenedbythemobile telecommunicationsradiationthattheybecomemorepronetovariousdiseases,afactthatcanalso contributetocolonycollapse.Thisisbecausebeesareconsideredtobeveryfragilecreatures,just likebutterflieswhosenumbershavealsodramaticallyfallenduringthelastfewyears.However, accordingtoDrRuzicka,15yearsago,beecolonieswereabletodealwithamuchhigherdegreeof Varroamiteinfestationthantheyareabletocopewithtoday. http://www.heseproject.org/heseuk/en/papers/bigbeedeath_0407.pdf 2004 Mora,C.V.,Davison,M.,Wild,J.M.,andM.M.Walker.2004.Magnetoreceptionandits trigeminalmediationinthehomingpigeon.Nature432:508511 http://www.scq.ubc.ca/thecompassesofbirds/ 15thMarch,2004 ThisisanextractfromanarticlewhichappearedintheGermanpress. Afterretiring,andnowattheageof76,Mr.Vogelhasenjoyed15successfulyearsofhoney production.Hewashousinghisbeecoloniesinsideanoldwoodentruckanduntilayearagothe beekeeperhadfourbeecoloniesinhivesbehindwoodenplanksonthetruck. ThiswinterMr.Vogelwitnessedthedisappearanceofallfourofhisbeehives.Thebeeshadmeta tragicandmysteriousfate. SiegfriedVogelbelievesmicrowaveradiationfrommobilephonemastsisresponsibleforthelossof hisbees.Vogelexplainedthatthemicrowaveradiationiscomingontohispropertyfromfour directions.TherearethreemobilephonemastsinSelbitz,threemoreinSellanger,andrecentlya newmastwaserectedinLeupoldsgrn,addingtoanincreasinglevelofambientbackground microwaveradiationinfectingthearea. Ournewspapertestedthemobilephonereceptioninthisareaandfoundittobegoodtovery good. Vogeloffersasevidencethatmobilephonemastshavecausedthedemiseofhisbeecoloniesthe factthathissonscolonies,whichwereplacedbehindaluminumshielding,havesurvived. (Aluminumisknowntoblockmicrowaveradiation.)

Sincealltheirbeecolonieswereequallyprotectedfromcoldweatherwithpolystyreneinsulationin thetrailer,SiegfriedVogelconcludesthatthealuminiumsurroundinghissonsbeehivesmustbe shieldingthemfromtheradiationfrommobilephonemasts. WernerRost http://www.laleva.org/eng/2007/04/protecting_bees_from_mobile_phone_radiation.html Nov.222004 TheUnitedStatesDepartmentofAgricultureapprovstheimportationAustralianbeesduetoan acuteshortageofbeestopollinatethealmondcropinCalifornia. http://www.honeycouncil.ca/users/Folder.asp?FolderID=4753&NewsID=469 2005 In2005,agroupofscientistsoftheUniversityofKoblenzLandauheadedbyProf.Hermann Steverconductedapilotstudytoresearchthereturningbehaviourofbeesaswellastheweight andsurfacedevelopmentofthecombundertheinfluenceofelectromagneticradiation[10]. FouroutofeightcolonieswereexposedtoDECTphonebasestationswhichwereputintothehive andconstantlyemittedradiation. ThereportfoundstatisticallysignificantdifferencesintheperformanceofbeessubjectedtoEM radiationexposure. http://www.heseproject.org/heseuk/en/papers/bigbeedeath_0407.pdf 7February2005 AustralianbeesarriveinCalifornia Aparasiticbeemitehasbeendevastatinghives,leavingalmondgrowersscramblingtofindenough hivestohandlethestatesmassivecrop. http://www.honeycouncil.ca/users/Folder.asp?FolderID=4753&NewsID=469 11February2005 AccordingtoBusinessWire: TheAmericanBeekeepingFederationestimatesthatabout50percentofthehoneybeecoloniesin Californiahavebeenkilledorseverelyweakened http://goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/gi_01993668923/HoneyBeePollinationCrisisShortage.html Inthespringof2005,manyofthemigratorybeekeeperswhoworktheCaliforniaalmondbloom discoveredthattheircolonieshadsufferedheavylossesduringthewinter.Acrossthecountry,about onethirdofallcommercialhoneybeecoloniesdiedout.Theresultwasapollinatorpanicinthe CentralValley.Feesforrentingbeehivesshotupfromabout$48toasmuchas$140percolony,a previouslyunheardofamount.BeekeeperstraveledfromasfarawayasFloridaandNorthCarolina toserviceCaliforniasalmondgroves.Forthefirsttimein50years,U.S.borderswereopenedto honeybeesfromNewZealandandAustralia.Thefateofa$1.2billioncropmorethanhalfofall almondproductionworldwiderestedontheslenderbackoftheembattledhoneybee. http://www.nrdc.org/onearth/06sum/bees2.asp?gclid=CMPB2smbiY8CFQ4FEgodeQGwuw June162005 USApollinationcrisisdeepens NewEnglandscranberrygrowersfeartherearentenoughbeestopollinatethecranberryblossom. Colonylossesofbetween40%and80%arebeingreported.

http://turlough.blogspot.com/2005/06/usapollinationcrisisdeepens.html August2005 ScientificReview: Magneticorientationandmagnetoreceptioninbirdsandotheranimals. Amagneticcompassiswidespreadamonganimals,magneticnavigationisindicatede.g.inbirds, marineturtlesandspinylobstersandtheuseofmagneticsignpostshasbeendescribedforbirds andmarineturtles http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15886990?dopt=Abstract 9December2005 TheminutesoftheannualmeetingofUKgovernmentandbeekeepingorganisationsrecordsthis clearreferencetoCCD,thenreferredtoasMarieCelestesyndrome. MrCraigreportedthatbeekeepersinScotlandwhohadbeentreatingvarroainfestedcolonies (usuallywithApistan)hadbeenfindinghivesemptyofbees,butnotwinterstores.Togetherwith theseunexplainedcolonylosses(MarieCelestesyndrome)therewerefailuresinqueenmating. Theseeventswerehappeningparticularlyinoilseedrapegrowingareas.Whilstacknowledgingthat thesecouldpossiblybeexplainedbytheeffectsofviruses,forwhichthevarroamiteprovidesa vector,hewasconcernedthatwemightbeobservingsublethalbehaviouraleffectsofsystemic insecticidessuchasImidacloprid,causingdisorientationinthebeesleadingtoaninabilitytoreturn tothehive. http://www.defra.gov.uk/hort/Bees/pdf/beesmeeting2005.pdf 2006 Scientificreview: BalmoriA.2006.Efectosdelasradiacioneselectromagneticasdelatelefoniamovilsobrelos insectos.(Theeffectsofelectromagneticradiationfromthemobilephonenetworkoninsects.) Ecosistemas.2006/1 Teniendoencuentalosefectosconocidosdelasmicroondassobrelosinsectosyenparticular sobrelasabejas,yhabidacuentadelaproliferaciondeestacionesbaseenelcampo,esnecesario investigarsilasradiacionesdetelefoniaestanincidiendodealgunamaneraenestasmortandades. Losresultadosdebenserconsideradosporlosapicultoresespanolesconelfindeprevenirposibles perdidaseconomicas. [Takingintoaccounttheknowneffectsofmicrowaveradiationoninsectsand,inparticular,onbees andconsideringtheproliferationofmobilephonemastsinthecountryside,itisnecesarryto investigatewhethertheradiationtheyemitisinsomewaylinkedtothedieoffofbees.Theresults shouldbeconsideredbySpanishbeekeepersfromthepointofviewofpossibleeconomiclosses.] Clickheretoviewreport April2006 TheAustrianFederalMinistryforAgricultureandForestry,EnvironmentandWaterManagement affirmsthat Scientificresearchhasfoundevidencethatelectromagneticfieldscanhavenegativeeffectson bees. http://www.heseproject.org/heseuk/en/papers/bigbeedeath_0407.pdf 16July2006

SelonlesdernierschiffresdelAFSSA(AgenceFrancaisedeSecuriteSanitairedesAliments)a paratredansleprochainmagazineValeursVertes,lescoloniesdabeillessontenpartiedecimees dans14departementsfrancais.Deuxansapreslimbrogliopoliticomediatiquesurlesabeilleset linterdictiondepesticides,lesabeillesmeurenttoujours. [AccordingtothelatestfiguresoftheAFSSA(FrenchHealthandSafetyAgency)tobepublishedin thenextissueofValeursVertes,beecoloniesareinseriousdeclinein14departnents.Twoyears afterthemediacontroversyoverbeesandthebanningofpesticides,thebeesarestilldying.] (http://www.futurasciences.com/fr/sinformer/actualites/news/t/vie1/d/lesvraiescausesdela mortalitedesabeilles_9306/) 8September2006 Europeanresearchershaverecentlyprovided,forthefirsttime,evidenceofasignificantdeclinein wildbeediversityintheUnitedKingdomandtheNetherlandsoverthepast25years.Thescientists alsoobservedthatthelossofthispollinatorsdiversityisconsistentwiththelossofbeepollinated plants.Asmanycropsaredirectlydependantoninsectsfortheirpollination,thereporteddeclinein thebeepopulationmayhavesevereimplicationsforfarming. http://biodiversitychm.eea.europa.eu/stories/story639500 October2006 AccordingtoTheAgriculturalResearchService,USDepartmentofAgricultureCCDwasfirst reportedatthebeginningofOctober2006. http://www.ars.usda.gov/News/docs.htm?docid=15572 December15,2006 2006PennStateUniversitypreliminaryreport FallDwindleDisease:Investigationsintothecausesofsuddenandalarmingcolonylosses experiencedbybeekeepersinthefallof2006. DuringthemonthsofOctober,November,and December2006,analarmingnumberofhoneybee coloniesbegantodiealongtheEastCoastoftheUnitedStates. http://www.doacs.state.fl.us/pi/plantinsp/apiary/fall_dwindle_report.pdf 2007 5January PennStateUniversityReportrevisedwithaforworddeclaringthatthenamefalldwindledisease hasbeenchangedtoColonyCollapseDisorderandrevealingtheexistenceofaCCDworking groupconsistingofmembersofBeeAlertTechnologyInc.,PennsylvaniaStateUniversity,the FloridaandPennsyvaniaDepartmentsofAgricultureandtheUSDAAgriculturalResearchService. Withregardtothenameitexplainsthatsymptomssimilartothosedescribedforthisdisorderhave beendescribedinthepast,andtheconditionhasreceivedmanydifferentnames.Theseinclude autumncollapse,Maydisease,springdwindle,disappearingdisease,andfalldwindledisease.The CCDworkinggroupfeltnoneofthesenameswereappropriateforthecurrentcondition. Clickheretoviewreport Thatseemsanawfullotofnamesforsomethingwhichhasonlybeenaroundforthreemonths. 17January2007

MembersoftheCCDworkinggroup,meetingforthefirsttimebyconferencecall,report: Subsequentinvestigationssuggesttheseoutbreaksofunexplainedcolonycollapsewere experiencedbybeekeepersforatleastthelasttwoyears. AsyoucanseeadifferenttimingisgivenfortheappearanceofCCDtothatgivenbyboththePenn StatereportjustreleasedandtheFederalDepartmentofAgriculture http://maarec.cas.psu.edu/pressReleases/CCDSummaryWG0207.pdf 27thFebruary2007 HoneybeesVanish,LeavingKeepersinPeril AmajorarticleonthesesuddenmysteriouslossesintheNewYorkTimesbeginsawaveofpress coverageworldwideandCCDbeginstoenterpublicconsciousness. Clickheretoviewreport 22March2007 Wherehaveallthebeesgone? AarticleinNewScientistgivesthefollowingcharacterisationofCCDwhichshowsjustwhata goodnameMarieCelestesyndromewas: Itisavanishingonthescaleofentirecities.Latein2006,commercialbeekeepersinFloridabegan noticingalarmingnumbersoftheirbeeshadgonemissing.Bustlingcolonies,tensofthousands strong,wereemptyinginamatterofdays.Systematicsearchesfordeadbeesaroundthecolonies mostlydrewablank. Bustlinghoneybeecolonies,tensofthousandsstrong,wereemptyinginonlyamatterofdays Imaginewakingonemorningtofind80percentofthepeopleinyourcommunityarejustgone, saysMayBerenbaumoftheUniversityofIllinois,UrbanaChampaign. http://www.newscientist.com/channel/life/mg19325964.500wherehaveallthebeesgone.html 29thMarch2007 PreparedTestimonyofDianaCoxFoster,ProfessorDepartmentofEntomologyat ThePennsylvaniaStateUniversitybeforetheU.S.HouseofRepresentativesCommitteeon Agriculture,SubcommitteeonHorticultureandOrganicAgricultureonColonyCollapseDisorder inHoneyBeeColoniesintheUnitedStates. CoxFosterstatesquitecategoricallywhen,accordingtoher,CCDfirstappeared. MyexpertiseisareasonwhybeekeepersapproachedmeinNovember2006withcoloniesdeaths havinguniquesymptoms.ThesewerethefirstrecognizedinstancesofColonyCollapseDisorder. CoxFosteralsoannouncesanewlineofinvestigationincollaborationwithDr.IanLipkinand associatesatColumbiaUniversityandtheNortheastBiodefenseCenteraimedatidentifyingthe microbesandvirusesassociatedwithCCDcoloniesthroughgeneticanalysis. http://maarec.cas.psu.edu/CCDPpt/CoxFosterTestimonyFinal.pdf April2007. ADefinitiveStatementaboutBeeswrittenforHESEUKbyDr.rer.nat.UlrichWarnke,University ofSaarland: Onbalance,theconsequenceofalltheseinvestigationsisthattheorientationandnavigationof beesmaybedisturbedbymanmadetechnicalcommunicationfields.

http://www.buergerwelle.de/pdf/statement_of_dr._warnke.doc 15April2007 Aremobilephoneswipingoutourbees? ThisarticleappearsintheIndependentandisdestinedtostirupahornetsnest.Itcitestheabove mentionedLaudauUniversitystudyandquotesDrJochenKuhnassayingitcouldprovideahint toapossiblecauseofCCD. ItalsocitesreportsofCCDfrombeekeepersthroughoutBritainalthoughtheseclaimsdontimpress theDepartmentoftheEnvironment,FoodandRuralAffairswhoinsist:Thereisabsolutelyno evidenceofCCDintheUK. http://www.independent.co.uk/environment/nature/aremobilephoneswipingoutour bees444768.html Apr17,2007 ThesuddenunexplainedlossofmillionsofbeesintheNiagararegionupto90percentinsome commercialcolonieshaspromptedOntariobeekeeperstoaskexpertsattheUniversityofGuelph toinvestigate. http://www.thestar.com/Business/article/203818 22April TheofficialrecantationofDrKuhnandhisresearchteamappearsintheInternationalHerald Tribune. Itnowappearsthatthissmallstudywhichfoundthattheelectromagneticfieldssimilartothose usedbycordlessphonesmayinterrupttheinnateabilityofbeestofindthewaybacktotheirhive wastoosmallfortheresultstobeconsideredsignificant Thearticlegivessomeindicationofthekindofpressureswhichmayhavebeenexperienced.Oneof theresearchersremarked: EversinceTheIndependentwrotetheirarticle,forwhichtheynevercalledorwrotetous,noneof ushavebeenabletodoanyofourworkbecauseallourtimehasbeenspentinphonecallsande mailstryingtosetthingsstraight.Thisisahorrorstoryforeveryresearchertohaveyourstudy reducedtothis.Nowwearetryingtoforcethingsbacktonormal. http://www.iht.com/articles/2007/04/22/news/wireless23.php 24April2007 MarlaSpivak,aresearcherandbeeexpertattheUniversityofMinnesota dismissedareportthatcellphonetowersandradiowavesmaybetoblameforthebees disappearance.ThetheoryhaspercolatedthroughouttheInternet,despiterepeateddenunciationsby beeresearchers http://www.startribune.com/business/11222981.html 25April2007 TheInstituteforScienceinSocietyintervenesinthedebatewithaPressReleaseMobilePhones andVanishingBeesinwhichitgivesitsviewontheLandauteamswork: Clearlythepresentfindingsneedtobetakenmuchfurther,buttheirsignificanceshouldnotbe downplayedforanumberofreasons.Thefindingsarecompatiblewithevidenceaccumulatingfrom investigationsonmanyotherspeciesincludinghumans,showingthatmobilephoneradiationis

associatedwitharangeofhealthhazardsincludingcancers[6](DrowninginaSeaofMicrowaves, SiS34).Furthermore,beesareknowntobeextremelysensitivetomagneticandelectromagnetic fields,andtherehavebeenmanysuggestionsthattheycouldbeusedasanindicatorspeciesfor electromagneticpollution. http://www.isis.org.uk/MobilePhonesVanishingBees.php EduardoPrezdeObanos,veterinaryspecialistwiththeAsociacindeApicultoresde Nafarroa(BeekeepersAssociationofNavarra,Spain)commentsintheBasquenewspaperGara: LoquemeextranaesquedesdeAmericahayandadolavozdealarmaahora,porqueesun problemaquesevienesufriendoentodoelmundodesdehacevariosanos.Eselmismosindrome quetenemosaqui. [WhatIfindstrangeisthatthetheAmericansshouldraisethealarmnow,sinceitisaproblemfrom whichwehavebeensufferingthroughouttheworldforseveralyears.Itisthesamesyndromewhich wehavehere.] Hegoesontoremindusthatthissindromededespoblamientodecolmenas(hivedesertion syndrome)firstappearedinNavarrainthewinterof20002001andthatheseesthedisappearance ofthebeesresultinginanalmosttotaldesertificationoftheecosystem http://www.gara.net/paperezkoa/20070425/14714/es/Enigmatica/desaparicion/abejas/todo/mundo Apr262007 AremobilephonesandWiFitoblamefortheworldsills? GuardianjournalistsKateBevanandCharlesArthurlaunchpuerileattackonLandaustudy. http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2007/apr/26/mobilephones.guardianweeklytechnologysection Apr262007 Taiwanstungbymillionsofmissingbees http://www.reuters.com/article/scienceNews/idUSTP16248120070426 6May2007 Independentreportsthat: Eastbournesplanningcommitteehasrefusedpermissionforanewmastunlessanduntilitis convincedthereisnodangertotheinsects,andBoltoncouncilhaslaunchedaninvestigationinto thethreat http://www.independent.co.uk/environment/nature/townrejectsmasttosavebeesafteriiosi report447686.html 13May2007 AccordingtotheIndependentonSunday,theirarticlesonpossibleeffectsofEMradiationonbees havepromptedthegovernmenttocarryoutthereviewofthemobilephoneprogrammeoriginally plannedthreeyearspreviously. http://www.independent.co.uk/lifestyle/healthandwellbeing/healthnews/healthconcernsover mobilephonemastspromptreview448647.html May142007 LargeCCDlossesreportedinCanada.Emergencymeetingplannedforallinvolvedintheindustry. http://www.canada.com/topics/news/agriculture/story.html?id=8d498beaddf44353 aa17286e93181c98&k=41584

18May2007 TheDundeeCourier(Scotland)reportsCCDlossesinEastofScotland. AccordingtoHelenKinnes,SecretaryfortheBeekeepersAssociationinTaysideandAngus: Somebeekeepershavehadacompletedisappearanceofthebeesintheirhives. AnotherbeekeeperMarionLangsaid: AnotherproblemiswhatwecalltheMarieCelesteeffect,whereonlyahandfulofbeesarefound inanotherwisehealthyhive.Thebeeshavejustdisappeared. ShegoesontoattributesittoEMradiation. http://www.thecourier.co.uk/output/2007/05/18/newsstory9729248t0.asp 17June2007 SpeakingtotheDailyHerald(USA),VanEngelsdorp,actingapiaristforthestateofPennsylvania effectivelyrulesoutthevarroamite,fungus,GMcropsandpesticides.Theremainingculpritmust beanunknownpathogen. http://www.heraldextra.com/content/view/225743/ June272007 TheBritishGovernmentsNationalBeeUnitreaffirmstheabsenceofCCDinBritain. http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2007/jun/27/society.conservation1 28June2007 WritinginDiscoverMagazine,JosieGlausiuszbizzarelyclaimsthattheLandaustudywasnot,in fact,carriedout. http://discovermagazine.com/2007/jul/betterplanet/article_view?b_start:int=1&C 16July2007 TheUSDAsAgriculturalResearchServicedismissesanypossibleeffectofEMradiationonbees allegingthatexposureofbeestohighlevelsofelectromagneticfieldsisunlikely. http://www.idahostatesman.com/localnews/story/108102.html 23July2007 TheGuardian(UK)publishesthefollowingretraction: WesaidinasectionattheendofthisarticleentitledCollapsingcoloniesthatcasesofentirebee coloniesdyingoutsuddenlyhadbeenreportedintheUK.TheDepartmentforEnvironment,Food andRuralAffairswouldliketomakeclearthatfearsthatcolonycollapsedisorderhadstruckinthe UKhavesofarprovedtobeunfounded. http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2007/jul/23/sciencenews.homesandgardens 12August2007 ThebeesareOK PaulvanWestendorp,theB.C.MinistryofAgricultureandLandsapiculturespecialistdeniesthat thereisCCDinCanadablaminglossesonlotsofrain http://www.canada.com/topics/technology/science/story.html?id=43e997097ba14072 b76a56095fca69b5 31August2007

WidespreadbeelossesreportedinthesouthofBrasil http://funverde.wordpress.com/2007/08/31/abelhasestaodesaparecendonosuldobrasil/ 6September2007 PennState(CCDworkinggroup)reportappearsinScienceExpress.(1) ThenextdayspressreportsincludeonetriumphantlyandinaccuratelyentitledMobilesclearedof harmingbees.(2)Infact,theinvestigationdidnotdealwiththeEMradiationcase,assuminga prioritheculpabilityofsomeformofpathogen.AsDianaCoxFosterputittheEMradiationthesis wasatverylowpriority.(3)Thesamepressreporterroneouslyclaimedthattheviruscanspread quicklythroughanentirecolony,atwhichpointtheinfectedbeesbecomeparalysedanddieoutside thehive.ThedistinguishingfeatureofCCDispreciselythatthebodiesofthebeesarenotfound nearthehive. TheinvestigationcorrelatedtheIsraeliAcuteParalysisVirus(IVAP)withCCD. AnarticleonthePennStateUniversitywebsitesuggestedthis: Timingalsomaybethekeytopinpointingthecause.TheUnitedStatesbeganallowing importationofbeesfromAustraliain2004,whichcoincideswithearlyreportsofCCD.(4) ButDianaCoxFosterhadpubliclyproclaimedthatCCDdidntoccurintheUSAuntilthefallof 2006andsowehaveaslightadjustmentheretofitinwiththenewhypothesis.However,the relationshipbetweenthetwoeventsisntjustsequential,itislogical:thebeeswerebeingimported becausethethelocaloneswerebeingdecimated.Butthewayhadbeenclearedtopintheblame onAustralia. Inthecourseoftheinvestigationallprevioushypothesishadbeenruledout.Asoneofthe investigatorsputit:theonlycandidateleftstandingwas,infact,IAPV.(5) OthervirusesandNosemaparasiteshadbeensuggestedasthecauseofCCD,buttheresearchers foundthatthosepathogensappearinbothCCDandnonCCDsamples.(6) (1) http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/318/5848/283 (2) http://www.vnu.co.uk/vnunet/news/2198276/mobilesclearedharmingbees (3) http://news.robportal.com/2007/09/07/newresearchsuggestsviruscouldbebehinddisappearing bees/ (4) http://live.psu.edu/story/25747 (5) http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/nationworld/2003873009_bees07.html (6) http://www.psu.edu/ur/2007/bees.htm 7September2007 TheclaimthatAustralianbeesareresponsibleforCCDintheUSAmeetswithgeneralderision downunder.AstheheadoftheAustralianHoneyBeeCouncil,StephenWareputit: Idcertainlycallitdodgy Itsakintoadrowningmanthrowingoffhislifepreserverandsaying,thelifepreserverwaswhyI wasdrowning.

http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2007/09/07/2027273.htm 21September2007 Schumer:BanAustralianbees U.S.Sen.CharlesSchumer,DN.Y.,sentalettertotheU.S.DepartmentofAgricultureThursday callingforthesuspensionofAustralianbeeimport http://www.syracuse.com/articles/news/index.ssf?/base/news10/1190365257251740.xml&coll=1&th ispage=1 19September2007 FEDERALAgricultureMinisterPeterMcGauranhasdismissedcallsfromaUSsenatorforan immediatebanontheexportofAustralianbeesafterresearchsuggestedtheycouldberesponsible forthedeathsofhundredsofmillionsofbeesinNorthAmerica. Theressomethingfishygoingonhere,hesaidabouttheunwillingnessofthecoauthorsandthe journaleditorstorespondtoscientificcriticism.Someonesnottellingthetruth. http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,,2244214812332,00.html?from=public_rss 7December2007 ImportedBeesNotSourceofVirusAssociatedwithColonyCollapseDisorder ImportedbeesnotsourceofvirusassociatedwithColonyCollapseDisorder AnarticleappearingintheAmericanBeeJournaleffectivelyunderminesthePennstatefindings citinganotherstudywhichhasestablishedwithoutquestionthattheIsraelivirus,IPAV,hasbeen intheUnitedStatessinceatleast2002.ItthereforepredatestheintroductionofAustralianbeesand theofficialdatesforthecommencementofCCD. http://www.farmandranchguide.com/articles/2007/12/08/ag_news/production_news/product14.txt 2008 20January2008 TheTelegraphreports: InLondon,about4,000hivestwothirdsofthebeecoloniesinthecapitalwereestimatedto havediedoverlastwinter.Oftheeightcoloniesinspectedsofarthisyear,allhavebeenwipedout. TimLovett,theassociationspresident,said:Thesituationhasbecomeinsupportableandthe Governmentisunwillingtotakestepstoavoiddisaster. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/main.jhtml;jsessionid=20CMRTXB314VZQFIQMFSFFOAVCBQ 0IV0?xml=/earth/2008/01/20/eabees120.xml 26January2008 TheIndependentwhichfirstreportedscientificevidenceofanEMradiationCCDlinknow explainsthedieoffbytheheavyrainaidedandabettedinarguingthiscasebyBritishBeekeepers Associationpresident,TimLovett.AsLovettexplains: Beesdonotforagewhenitrainsbecauseinthewetweathertheylosebodytemperature,grow sluggish,cannotgetbacktothehiveandeventuallydie. http://www.independent.co.uk/environment/nature/bitterharvesthoneysuppliesrunshortafter wetsummerupsetsbeesroutine774292.html 29January2008

AnarticleintheItalianpaperLaRepubblicareportsthealarmwhichemergedinthecourseofa workshoporganisedbytheItalianEnvironmentalAgency(APAT).Thedecimationofthebeesis seenagraverisktothedelicateequilibriumoftheecosystem.CCDisatributedtoavarietyof causesincludingcontaminationbyEMradiation. http://www.repubblica.it/2008/01/sezioni/ambiente/apimoria/apimoria/apimoria.html 30January2008 France Thebanningin2005oftwopotentpesticidesusedonsunflowerandcorncrops,suspectedof killingoffthebees,appearedtohavestemmedthemassivedieoffsandreversednearlyadecadeof declininghoneyharvests. Butendofwintermortalityrateshaveshotuponceagain,withupto60percentofsomehives missinginaction. http://www.thepeninsulaqatar.com/Display_news.asp? section=World_News&subsection=United+Kingdom+ %26+Europe&month=January2008&file=World_News2008013015027.xml February102008 TheSunnewspaper(UK)reportsthattheworldmaybeonthebrinkofdisasterbecauseofavirus thathaskilledbillionsofBEES.ItattributesthedieofftoIAPVforwhichittriumphantly proclaimsthereisnocure http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/news/article782497.ece 11February2008 InanarticleintheGuardiantheBritishgovernmentdeniesthatCCDhasreachedBritishshores. RichardBall,thegovernmentsnationalbeeinspector,said:WedonotthinkCCDisanissueinthe UKyet http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2008/feb/11/conservation.environment