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THIT K ANTEN VI DI CHO NG DNG GNSS

Ngy nay cc ng dng ca h thng GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) v ang thm nhp vo i sng x hi ngy cng a dng v phong ph. phc v cuc sng ngy mt tt hn, nhiu h thng nh v dn ng trn th gii ra i nh: GPS (Global Positionting System) ca M, GLONASS ca Nga v Galileo ca Chu u. Trong cc b thu tn hiu nh v, thit b u cui anten ng vai tr quan trng, lm tng nhy, gim mc tiu th nng lng. Trong phm vi bi bo ny s phn tch v thit k mt anten vi di hot ng tn s 1565MHz sau:

1595MHz, phc v cho cc thit b tch hp ng dng ca GNSS trong hin ti v tng lai.

I. Gii thiu chung v anten vi di


Nhng cu trc bc x vi di c a ra ln u tin vo nm 1953. Tuy nhin phi gn hai mi nm sau, nhng anten thc t mi c sn xut. K t , vic nghin cu, pht trin cc anten vi di v cc mng anten vi di khng ngng c m rng, nhm khai thc trit nhng u im, cng nh cch khc phc cc u nhc im ca loi anten ny. Anten vi di vi cu hnh n gin nht bao gm mt patch pht x nm trn mt mt ca mt lp in mi (lp ), mt kia lp in mi l mt phng t, cht dn in l tng. Ming Patch l cht dn in, c th l bt k hnh dng no, nhng thng s dng hnh dng sao cho vic phn tch, tnh ton thit k d dng, hiu qu. Tuy nhin vi s pht trin ca cng ngh v s ra i ca cc chng trnh m phng thit k cho php c th thit k patch bt k hnh dng no. Hng s in mi ca lp

ng vai tr quan trng i vi hot ng ca anten, nh hng n tr khng c tnh, tn s cng hng, bng thng v hiu sut ca anten.

II. Tnh ton kch thc v m phng


Anten thit k y l m hnh anten mt lp, in mi c s dng l FR4_epoxy c hng s in mi = 4,4. Tnh ton xp x kch

thc ca anten theo cng thc sau: L = W 0,49.d = 0,49. Vi l bc sng trong khng gian t do, d l bc sng trong cht in mi, l h s in mi ca lp . Thng s v kch thc gn ng ca anten nh sau: Wp = Lp = 43,91mm, L = 4,87mm, r1l = 27,09mm, w1l = 2,21mm, r2l = 10mm, w2l = 6,1mm, s dng lp in mi c = 4,4 b dy lp in mi h (h c th thay i tm c anten c ti u), kch thc lp in mi v Ground: 90mmx104mm. Anten GNSS gm hai phn c bn: Mt bc x (patch), ng truyn vi di tip in cho patch, cng l mch phi hp tr khng dng b phi hp tr khng /4. Bng tn lm vic, bng thng ph thuc vo kch thc tm patch v b dy lp in mi. Sau y s tin hnh kho st mt vi trng hp thy c s ph thuc ny.

Hnh 1: Anten vi di

Hnh 2 : Kch thc anten vi di Kho st anten khi thay i b dy ca lp in mi. Kch thc v hnh dng ca tm patch c gi nguyn, tham s kho st l b dy ca lp in mi h. Hnh 3 so snh h s sng ng (SWR) khi h thay i.

Hnh 3: S11 khi h thay i

Khi tng hoc gim b dy lp in mi trong mt gii hn cho php th cc thng s k thut ca anten nh bng thng, t s trc (AR) thay i ng k. Theo kt qu nh trn, m hnh anten vi h = 1,6mm v h = 3,2mm u t c S11 tt nhng bng thng li khc nhau, vi h = 1,6mm bng thng ca GPS 60MHz (3,8%), vi h = 3,2mm l ti u hn c, tha mn c v S11, bng thng v t s trc. Vy m rng bng thng cho anten l tng dy ca lp in mi. Kho st anten khi thay i kch thc tm patch B dy lp in mi khng i c chn l h = 3,2mm, thng s thay i y l kch thc tm patch, thc hin iu chnh di ca on ct vt thay i t s trc AR < 3dB. Khi thay i kch thc on ct vt ca tm patch thu c kt qu t s trc (AR) nh hnh 4.

Hnh 4: AR khi delta_l thay i Thay i kch thc tm patch lm thay i cc thng s k thut ca anten. M hnh anten vi delta_l = 4,87mm c chn v cc thng s k thut tha

mn yu cu v l ti u nht trong nhng m hnh trn.

III.

Kt qu m phng v ch to anten tha mn yu cu

t ra
M hnh anten vi b dy lp in mi h = 3,2mm v delta_l = 4,87mm chp nhn c vi yu cu t ra ca anten GNSS, di y l kt qu m phng trn phn mm ANSYS HFSS vi thng s anten nh sau: Wp = Lp = 43,91mm, L = 4,87mm, r1l = 27,09mm, w1l = 2.21mm, r2l = 10mm, w2l = 6,1mm, = 4,4, h = 3,2mm.

Hnh 5: Phn b in trng

IV. Kt lun
Anten thit k nh trn tha mn yu cu ca anten GNSS, c th thy rt n gin trong vic ch to. Cc thng s k thut ca anten c ti u t c yu cu k thut. Trong gii hn ca bi bo ny ch dng li vic thit k cc anten vi di phn cc trn, tip in n dng ng truyn vi di. Mc d cc tham s k thut t yu cu ca anten phc v cho ng dng GNSS, nhng t s trc ca anten vn cn ln so vi yu cu t ra cho anten phn cc trn, hiu sut s dng ca anten cha cao. ci thin cc tham s k thut anten, c th thay i cch thc tip in, phi hp tr khng, to phn cc, s dng lp c hng s in mi ln hn.

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