CM NANG CNG C NNG SUT CHT LNG

Chi cc TCLCL Tp. H Ch Minh

HACCP CNG C KIM SOT AN TON V SINH THC PHM TRONG SN XUT, CH BIN
1. Gii thiu chung 1.1. Gii thiu v HACCP Thut ng HACCP l nhng ch vit tt bng ting Anh ca Hazard Analysis & Critical Control Point Phn tch mi nguy v Kim sot im ti hn. HACCP l mt cng c xc nh cc mi nguy hi c th ang hin din hoc cn tim n trong ton b qu trnh sn xut, ch bin thc phm, v d nh cc mi nguy t sinh hc, ha hc, vt l v iu kin bo qun, vn chuyn, s dng. HACCP l cng c kim sot cc mi nguy hi trong sut qu trnh sn xut, ch bin thc phm theo nguyn tc h thng, phng nga; t khu sn xut nguyn liu, trong tng cng on sn xut, ch bin v n tn tay ngi tiu dng. N c lp ra ngn nga, gim thiu mi nguy an ton thc phm n mc chp nhn c. Cc nh ch bin thc phm c th dng n m bo sn xut, ch bin thc phm an ton. 1.2. Lch s ra i Nm 1960, nhng nguyn tc HACCP u tin c ra bi cng ty sn xut thc phm Pullsbury (M). Nm 1973, c quan qun l thc phm v dc phm M (FDA) yu cu p dng HACCP trong sn xut hp chng vi khun gy ng c tht Clostridium botulinum. u nhng nm 80, HACCP c chp nhn p dng nhiu cng ty sn xut thc phm ln M. Nm 1985, M thnh lp y ban t vn quc gia v Tiu chun v sinh thc phm (NACMCF). U ban ny tiu chun ha cc nguyn tc ca HACCP, c ngnh cng nghip thc phm v cc c quan qun l M s dng. Nm 1993, T chc quc t cao nht v thc phm ca Lin Hip quc - y ban CODEX cng nhn v ban hnh vn bn hng dn p dng HACCP ( c xem xt li nm 1995, 1997). Nm 1997, EU cng b bt buc p dng h thng HACCP i vi cc doanh nghip sn xut thc phm cc nc th 3 mun xut khu sn phm sang chu u. Sau l M, Canada, Nht ... cng p dng quy nh tng t. Ti Vit Nam, HACCP c p dng vo cui nhng nm 90, bt u t nhng doanh nghip sn xut thy sn xut khu nhm p ng yu cu ca cc th trng mua sn phm (EU, M, Nht ).
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CM NANG CNG C NNG SUT CHT LNG

Chi cc TCLCL Tp. H Ch Minh

Nm 2005, B Yt Vit Nam ban hnh quyt nh p dng HACCP trong tt c cc c s sn xut, ch bin thc phm ti Vit Nam. Nm 2007, Th tng Chnh ph ban hnh Ch th s 06/2007/CT-TTg V vic trin khai cc bin php cp bch bo m v sinh an ton thc phm. Trong yu cu p dng GMP, GHP, HACCP trong sn xut thc phm v qun l an ton v sinh thc phm. Nm 2009, B Nng nghip v PTNT ban hnh QUY CHUN K THUT QUC GIA QCVN 02 - 02: 2009/BNNPTNT C s sn xut kinh doanh thc phm thy sn Chng trnh m bo cht lng v an ton thc phm theo nguyn tc HACCP. 1.3. Tm tt v HACCP a. i tng kim sot ca HACCP: cc mi nguy hi cho an ton thc phm ang hin din hoc cn tim n nh mi nguy sinh hc, ho hc, vt l, iu kin bo qun, s dng ca sn phm. b. Phm vi kim sot ca HACCP: ton b qu trnh sn xut, ch bin thc phm, t tip nhn nguyn liu, cc cng on sn xut, bo qun, vn chuyn, s dng. c. H thng ti liu, h s ca k hoch HACCP cho mi sn phm cn t nht cc biu mu sau: K hoch HACCP Th tc gim st CCP Th tc khc phc phng nga Th tc kim sot ti liu, h s Th tc thm tra Quyt nh thnh lp v danh sch i HACCP Bn m t sn phm S quy trnh cng ngh Bn phn tch mi nguy v xut cc bin php phng nga Bn m t xc nh im kim sot ti hn Cc gii hn ti hn cho mi CCP, cc tiu chun tham chiu Biu mu gim st CCP Biu mu thm tra Biu mu hiu chun thit b
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CM NANG CNG C NNG SUT CHT LNG

Chi cc TCLCL Tp. H Ch Minh

- Cc biu mu ca cc chng trnh tin quyt GMP: thit k nh xng, thit b, con ngi, mi trng, cung cp nguyn vt liu, nh cung ng, quy trnh thao tc. - Cc biu mu thc hin cc th tc v sinh (SSOP) cho nh xng, thit b, con ngi, nguyn vt liu, ngun nc ... 2. Mc ch Gip doanh nghip ch bin, sn xut thc phm t i mi v phng php kim sot qu trnh sn xut, c nhng sn phm thc phm an ton, p ng yu cu ngy cng kht khe ca cc th trng trong v ngoi nc. 3. ngha v li ch HACCP p ng xu th ton cu v m bo v sinh an ton thc phm vi c im ch yu l: Chuyn t kim tra cc ch tiu v sinh thc phm sn phm cui cng sang kim sot cc yu t tc ng n v sinh thc phm trong qu trnh sn xut. Chuyn t loi b th ng sn phm c cha cc cht c hi sang phng nga ch ng v ton din cc nguy c gy nhim c thc phm. Chuyn t kim tra c lp sang cng nhn, tha nhn ln nhau thng qua vic p dng cc nguyn tc chung ca HACCP, p ng c tin trnh ha nhp v i hi ca th trng nhp khu sn phm.

a) Li ch i vi ngi tiu dng: m bo nng cao sc kho, gim nguy c mc cc bnh gy ra bi thc phm, ci thin cht lng cuc sng. Tng s tin cy, yn tm khi s dng thc phm. Nng cao nhn thc v v sinh thc phm. Nng cao hiu qu kim sot thc phm. Tng lng tin ca nhn dn v cht lng thc phm c cung cp. Bo v, ci thin sc khe cng ng. Gim chi ph x l ng c thc phm v cha bnh do thc phm khng an ton gy ra. To iu kin thun li cho pht trin thng mi. Tng nng sut, gim chi ph sn xut v tn tht sn phm do cc mi nguy hi cho an ton thc phm c tin liu trc, bao qut tt c quy trnh sn xut t nguyn liu th, ch bin, phn phi v cc bin php kim sot chng mt
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b) Li ch i vi Chnh ph:

c) Li ch i ngnh cng nghip v doanh nghip sn xut, ch bin thc phm:

CM NANG CNG C NNG SUT CHT LNG

Chi cc TCLCL Tp. H Ch Minh

cch hu hiu c xc nh. V vy hn ch sn phm hng, sn phm phi thu hi, gim chi ph sn xut v chi ph x l cc vn do sn phm khng an ton gy ra. Tng cng s tin cy ca khch hng v c quan qun l. B sung tt cho cc H thng qun l cht lng. Ci thin tnh nng ng, trch nhim v hiu bit cng vic ca i ng nhn vin. t c s cng nhn Quc t, bo v thng hiu ca sn phm, tng kh nng cnh tranh v tip th, tng c hi kinh doanh, xut khu thc phm.

4. Trit l Cht lng l yu t sng cn ca nng sut,an ton l yu cu tin quyt ca cht lng thc phm. Mi nguy ca an ton thc phm phi c kim sot t nng tri n bn n. Sn phm c to ra t mt qu trnh lin kt nhiu khu t cung cp nguyn liu, sn xut v phn phi, tiu th. Mi nguy c th tn ti trong nguyn liu nu nng tri khng kim sot thc n chn nui, thuc, phn bn hoc mi trng. Trong c nhng mi nguy khng th loi tr bng bt k bin php no cc cng on sau nh thuc tng trng cy trng, vt nui, d lng thuc khng sinh ... Mi nguy cng c th thm nhp vo thc phm bt k cng on no trong qu trnh sn xut, bo qun, s dng thc phm nu khng c bin php kim sot, phng nga. V vy, m bo thc phm c an ton cn kim sot ton b qu trnh sn xut. p dng SSOP v GMP tt s gim thiu gnh nng cho p dng HACCP. 5. Nguyn tc: Tun th 8 nguyn tc ca Qun l cht lng: Nguyn tc 1: nh hng vo khch hng Nguyn tc 2: Vai tr ca Lnh o Nguyn tc 3: S tham gia ca mi ngi Nguyn tc 4: Tip cn theo qu trnh Nguyn tc 5: Phng php h thng. Nguyn tc 6: Ci tin lin tc. Nguyn tc 7: Quyt dnh da trn s kin Nguyn tc 8: Hp tc cng c li vi nh cung ng

6. Ni dung v yu cu ca HACCP 6.1. Ni dung: gm 7 nguyn tc p dng: Nguyn tc 1 - Phn tch mi nguy v xc nh cc bin php phng nga: L qu trnh thu thp, lp danh sch tt c cc mi nguy c th hin din hoc tim n trong ton b cc cng on sn xut, nh gi mc nghim trng ca tng mi nguy v ra cc bin php kim sot cc mi nguy .
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CM NANG CNG C NNG SUT CHT LNG

Chi cc TCLCL Tp. H Ch Minh

Nguyn tc 2 - Xc nh im kim sot ti hn (CCP Critical Control Point): im kim sot ti hn l im, cng on hoc qu trnh m ti vic kim sot c bit c p dng ngn chn, loi tr hoc gim thiu mi nguy n mc chp nhn c. Nguyn tc 3 - Thit lp cc gii hn ti hn ti mi im kim sot ti hn: Gii hn ti hn l tiu chun hay mc cn phi t ca cc ch tiu sinh hc, ha hc, vt l ti mi im kim sot ti hn. Nguyn tc 4 - Gim st cc im kim sot ti hn: Gim st l o lng hay quan trc theo lch trnh cc thng s ca im kim sot ti hn CCP, so snh chng vi cc gii hn ti hn c. Vic gim st phi thc hin ng th tc ra nhm bo m qu trnh sn xut c kim sot, ngn nga s vi phm cc ngng ti hn Nguyn tc 5 - Thit lp hnh ng khc phc phng nga cn tin hnh khi gii hn ti hn b vi phm: Hnh ng khc phc l cc th tc phi thc hin ngay khi kt qu gim st sai lch vi gii hn ti hn ti mt im kim sot ti hn CCP, nhm iu chnh qu trnh tr li gii hn ti hn. Hnh ng phng nga l cc th tc phi thc hin nhm ngn nga s sai lch vi gii hn ti hn li tip tc xy ra Nguyn tc 6 - Thit lp cc th tc thm tra: L p dng cc phng php, th tc, th nghim mu v cc hnh thc gim st, nh gi khc nhm xc nh: K hoch HACCP c xy dng l ph hp mc tiu mong mun, Qu trnh sn xut ph hp vi k hoch HACCP.

Nguyn tc 7 - Thit lp h thng lu tr h s: Cc th tc ca k hoch HACCP phi c lp thnh vn bn. H s ca qu trnh sn xut c kim sot theo k hoch HACCP phi c lu gi y . Ti liu v h s ny nhm chng minh k hoch HACCP c hiu qu v gip cho vic thc hin, duy tr, ci tin k hoch HACCP. 6.2. Yu cu khi p dng HACCP Cn c s cam kt thc hin ca Lnh o cao nht v hng ng cn b ch cht ca doanh nghip, c s phn cng trch nhim c th, r rng c th huy ng ngun lc ca doanh nghip v huy ng s tham gia tch cc ca cc b phn c lin quan, xy dng v vn hnh thnh cng h thng. Lnh o cao nht ca doanh nghip phi xc nh ng ng c p dng h thng, xc nh phm vi, gii hn h thng p dng dy chuyn sn xut cho sn phm c th no v cam kt u t ngun lc, cam kt thc hin trit cc yu cu ca h thng h thng vn hnh mt cch hiu qu. T chc tt cng tc o to, trong :
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CM NANG CNG C NNG SUT CHT LNG

Chi cc TCLCL Tp. H Ch Minh

+ o to kin thc c bn v HACCP (nhp mn) cho tt c mi thnh vin ca doanh nghip hiu r vai tr v tm quan trng ca h thng; nhm to thc t gic tun th cc quy nh ca cc thnh vin. + o to kin thc chuyn su cho cc thnh vin trong i HACCP theo tng giai on: k nng xy dng v trin khai k hoch HACCP v cc th tc, biu mu; k nng ng gi ni b v k nng thm nh k hoch. Ban Lnh o cn nh k xem xt, nh gi tnh hiu qu v s ph hp ca qu trnh xy dng v p dng k hoch HACCP. 7. Cc bc p dng:

Thiet lap oi HACCP

Mo ta san pham

Xc nh mc ch s dng ca sn phm

Thiet lap s o quy trnh san xuat

Xac nhan s o quy trnh san xuat so vi thc a

Liet ke tat ca cac moi nguy tiem an Tien hanh phan tch tng moi nguy Xem xet cac phng phap kiem soat chung (Nguyen tc1)

Xc nh cc im kim sot ti hn CCPs (Nguyn tc 2)

CM NANG CNG C NNG SUT CHT LNG

Chi cc TCLCL Tp. H Ch Minh

Thiet lap cac gii han ti han cho moi CCP (Nguyen tc 3)

Thiet lap he thong giam sat cho moi CCP (Nguyen tc 4)

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Thit lp cc hnh ng khc phc-phng nga (Nguyn tc 5)

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Thiet lap cac thu tuc tham tra (Nguyen tc 6)

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Thiet lap he thong tai lieu va lu gi ho s (Nguyen tc 7)

8. V d minh ha: mt s biu mu c th tham kho khi p dng HACCP 8.1. Quy trnh cng ngh TN CNG TY QUY TRNH CNG NGH CH BIN Sn phm

Cng on

Thng s k thut chnh

Thuyt minh

Ngi lp Ngy

Ngi ph duyt Ngy

CM NANG CNG C NNG SUT CHT LNG

Chi cc TCLCL Tp. H Ch Minh

8.2. Bn phn tch mi nguy TN CNG TY BN PHN TCH MI NGUY Sn phm Kh nng c th xy ra (c/khng) Bin php phng nga cho mi nguy c th xy ra

Cng on

Nhn din cc mi nguy tim n - Sinh hc: - Ho hc: - Vt l

Din gii cho ct 3

Tip nhn nguyn liu

Ngi lp Ngy

Ngi ph duyt Ngy

8.3. Bn m t xc nh im kim sot ti hn CCP TN CNG TY BN M T XC NH IM KIM SOT TI HN CCP (S DNG BIU QUYT NH) Sn phm Cng on Cu hi 1 (C/K) Cu hi 2 (C/K) Cu hi 3 (C/K) Cu hi 4 (C/K) CCP (C/K)

Mi nguy

Ngi lp Ngy

Ngi ph duyt Ngy

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CM NANG CNG C NNG SUT CHT LNG

Chi cc TCLCL Tp. H Ch Minh

8.4. Biu mu gim st im kim sot ti hn TN CNG TY BIU MU GIM ST IM KIM SOT TI HN CCP Sn phm Cng on: im kim sot ti hn CCP Ngy Phn xng . Gim st/K thut vin K tn Tiu ch cn gim st Ln gim st Tiu chun cn t 1 2 Hnh ng khc phc H s ghi chp

Ghi ch

i din b phn c gim st K tn Ngi thm tra: Ngy thm tra: 8.5. Bn m t sn phm TN CNG TY BN M T SN PHM Ni dung Tn sn phm Thnh phn nguyn liu Ni khai thc nguyn liu .. Ngi lp Ngy Ngi ph duyt Ngy
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M t

CM NANG CNG C NNG SUT CHT LNG

Chi cc TCLCL Tp. H Ch Minh

8.6. Biu mu kim tra v sinh TN CNG TY BIU MU KIM TRA V SINH HNG NGY Sn phm . Ngy Phn xng . Gim st/K thut vin K tn .

Thi im Ni dung kim tra

Thi im t/khng t/khng

Thi im t/khng

Nhn xt/Yu cu sa cha

V sinh thit b Nng (ppm) (tn ho cht st trng) dng v sinh thit b Cc phng tin v sinh/ ra tay y Bo h lao ng (sch, khu trang, ng, gng, qun o) ..

i din b phn c gim st K tn Ngi thm tra:

Ngy thm tra:

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CM NANG CNG C NNG SUT CHT LNG

Chi cc TCLCL Tp. H Ch Minh

9. Ti liu tham kho HACCP - Phn tch mi nguy v kim sot im ti hn, HIP HI CH BIN V XUT KHU THU SN VIT NAM, Nh XB Nng nghip, 2000. HACCP Quy nh cho ngnh cng nghip thc phm, CNG TY SGS VN, Ti liu o to, 2005 CAC/RCP 1-1969, Rev.4-2003, Quy phm thc hnh v nhng nguyn tc chung i vi v sinh thc phm, CODEX, 2003. TCVN 5603:2008 (CAC/RCP 1-1969, Rev.4-2003) Quy phm thc hnh v nhng nguyn tc chung i vi v sinh thc phm, B KHOA HC V CNG NGH, 2008. www.tcvn.gov.vn www.nafiqad.gov.vn Ti liu o to HACCP Chi cc TC-L-CL Tp. HCM

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