Gan Tuition Centre

Solutions

Physics

Form 4

Chapter 3 Paper 2 Section B 1 (a) Force is defined as an action which will change the state of motion of an object in a straight line. (or Force is defined as the rate of change of momentum in an object.) Velocity of the wind above the roof is higher than the velocity of the wind under the roof. Velocity of the water above the ball is higher than the velocity of water below the ball. These produce a low pressure region above the roof and above the ball. Differences in pressure on both sides of the roof and the ball have generated a lifting force that blow off the roof and lift up the ball.

(b) (i)

(ii) (iii) (c)

Differences in velocity of moving fluids like air and water have produced a difference in pressure which generated a lifting force. Bernoullis principle.

Use a flat roof which does not create difference in velocity/pressure when the wind moves above it. Use a much heavier roof whereby its weight is greater than the lifting force generated by the wind.

(d) The size of the big piston below the seat should be further enlarged so that it is able to rise up heavier adults. The size of the small piston should be reduced to increase the force multiplier. The seat has to be enlarged so that it can accommodate the larger bodies of adults. The seat has to be strengthened so that it can withstand the heavier weight of adults. The leg-rest has to be enlarged and lengthened so that it can accommodate the larger and longer legs of adults. Use stronger alloy to house the liquid so that it can withstand higher pressure without cracking. Use non-corrosive liquid for the hydraulic jack so that the metal wall will not corroded and cause leakage. Change the leg control into electronic touch control so that chair can be raised and lowered easily and safely. (e) Not compressible. Not corrosive. (or Does not evaporate easily)

Chapter 3 Paper 2 Section C 1 (a) Pascals principle states that the pressure exerted on a confined liquid is transmitted equally in all direction.

(b) The brake system makes use of hydraulic system which provides fast and efficient braking. The brake system should be leak-proof so that the pressure transmits in liquid does not decrease/disappear. The hydraulic liquid used in the brake system must not be compressible and does not evaporate easily. The force multiplier should be appropriate so that the pressure applied on the brake shoes is sufficient to brake the car. The brake shoes should be durable and has high frictional coefficient so that it can produce good friction to brake the car. (c) (i) Melting point should be high so that the brake shoes will not melt or soften easily. Rate of wear and tear should be low so that it is durable and need not to be changed frequently. Coefficient of friction should be high so that it can provide effective braking. Rate of expansion to heat and water should be low so that it can provide effective braking.

(ii)

Brand M is the most suitable because its melting point is high, its rate of wear and tear is low, its coefficient of friction is high and its rate of expansion to heat and water is low.

(d) (i) (ii)

Ratio of generated force with respect to the applied force. Advantage = Smaller size of piston can be used on the brake shoes. The brake pedal is moved through a shorter distance during braking. Disadvantage = More force is required to brake the car.

Chapter 3 Paper 2 Section C 2 (a) Weight is a force whose value will be affected by acceleration due to gravity whereas the mass does not.

(b) (i) Buoyant Force

Weight (ii) (c) (i) (ii) (d) (i) Balloon displaces large volume of water. Hence, the buoyant force produced is larger than the weight of balloon. Thus, the balloon is accelerating upwards. Mass, m = pv = (1)(250) = 250 g. Upthrust = weight of water displaced = (0.25)(10) = 2.5 N. Size of rod A should be long and uniform so that it can measure the density of most liquids accurately. Diameter of cylinder B should be reasonably big so that more liquid can be displaced to make it float upright. Base C should be contained something quite heavy so that it can lower the centre of gravity. Material for A, B and C should be made by something which can be clean easily so that the remains of any liquid can be clean thoroughly before making measurement. Hydrometer W is the most suitable because it is long and uniform, its diameter of cylinder B is quite big, its base C contains lead shots and it is made of glass.

(ii)