Department of Biology College of Arts and Sciences University of the Philippines Manila BIOLOGY 115 Taxonomy of Higher Plants

1. Course Description: The identification nomenclature and classification of the principal families of Angiosperms. Special emphasis on the techniques of collection, identification and preparation of illustrative materials for the herbarium. Prerequisite: Bio 21 Credit: 4 units: 8 hrs/week (2 units lec, 2 units lab) II. Course Objectives: 1. Describe variation in plants using evidences in morphology, chemistry, anatomy, cytogenetics and molecular biology. 2. Classify plants based on their phylogenetic relationships. 3. Apply the rules of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN) in naming plants. 4. Acquire scientific attitude necessary for identification, conservation and sustainable use of botanical diversity and its components. 5. Demonstrate ethical behavior in the collection and handling of plants. III. Course Outline Behavioral Objectives I. Introduction A. Definition of Taxonomy B. History of Plant Taxonomy C. Importance of Plant Taxonomy II. Description and Identification A. Review of plants and characteristics B. Botanical literatures: floras, manuals, monograph, and revision C. Use and construction of Keys III. Nomenclature A. Rules of the ICBN B. Application of the rules of the ICBN First Lecture Examination IV. Taxonomic evidences and techniques A. Cytotaxonomy B. Chemotaxonomy C. Immunotaxonomy D. Nucleic acid and methods V. Principles of Classification A. Evolution B. Concept of taxa C. Speciation D. Methods of Classification 1. Phenetic method 2. Cladistic method Second Lecture Examination Define taxonomy and list its significant contributions to the development of science 1. Identify plants and introduce the use of botanical literatures 2. Develop skills in the use and construction of keys 1. Define basis of botanical nomenclature 2. List and apply rules of nomenclature 1, List evidences used in classification 2. Identify some techniques used in obtaining these data 2. Differentiate gymnosperms and representative species in the Philippines No. of weeks 2 weeks

2 weeks

2 weeks

1 week

2 weeks

VI. Classification of Gymnosperms A. Life cycle of gymnosperms B. Four extant division of gymnosperms C. Phylogeny of the Gymnosperms D. Philippines Gymnosperms Third Lecture Examination VII. Classification of Angiosperms A. Life cycle of Angiosperms B. Phylogeny of the Angiosperms C. Dicotyledonae D. Monocotyledonae VIII. Phytogeography Fourth Lecture Examination Course Requirements Lecture Four Lecture examination Quizzes Report/Project Laboratory Four Laboratory examinations Quizzes Herbarium Field Trip/Laboratory Performance Special project/problem Grading System

1. Classify the flowering plants 2. Differentiate orders and families of flowering plants

4 weeks

1. Classify the flowering plants 2. Differentiate orders and families of flowering plants Explain the present geographical distribution of plants

4 weeks

1 week

80% 10% 10% 100% 70% 10% 5% 5% 10% 100%

1. The Final Grade is computed as follows Pre-final Grade (80%) + Final Examination (20%) 2. The Pre-final Grade (PFG) computation is based on 50% lecture and 50% laboratory grades and is computed only if the student attained a passing grade or better for both lecture and laboratory component. Otherwise, the PFG will no longer be computed and the student will receive a failing grade for the course. The student also will not be allowed to take the final examination. 3. The final examination is a comprehensive examination consisting of questions from the lecture and the laboratory 4. A student may exempt himself/herself from taking the Final Exam if his/her PFG is prefinal grade becomes the Final Grade 5. The grading scale is as follows: 93 100 1.00 70 74 2.50 90 92 1.25 65 69 2.75 87 89 1.50 60 64 3.00 84 86 1.75 54 59 4.00 80 83 2.00 Below 54 5.00 75 79 2.25 6. If a student missed an exam, he/she is required to take the Final Exam and will replace the missed exam. If more than one exam is missed, the Final Exam will replace only one exam and the rest of the missed exams will be scored zero. 7. There will be no make-up quizzes for those students who missed it for whatever reason.

TEXTBOOK Simpson, M.G. 2010. Plant Systematics. Elsevier Academic Press, USA. REFERENCES: APG II. 2003. An Update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group Classification for the Orders and Families of Flowering Plants: APG II. Bot. Journal of the Linnaean Society 141: 399-436 Asis C. 1996. Plants of the Philippines. Pundasyon ng Pagpapaunlad ng Kaalaman sa Pagtuturo ng Agham Ink. University of the Philippines Diliman, Q.C. Philippines. Benson L. 1957. Plant Classification. Oxford and IBN Pub. Co. New Delhi, India Buot IE Jr, Calleja LRM, Hadsall AS, Letana SD and Sangalang MFM. 2006. Orders and Families of Philippine Flowering Plants. J Nature Studies 5: 1-11 Castro IR. 2006. A Guide to Families of Common Flowering Plants in the Philippines. The University of the Philippines Press. Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines. Co, LL. 1989. Common Medicinal Plants of the Cordillera Region. Community Health Education Services and Training in the Cordillera Region. Baguio City. Davis PH and Heywood VH. 1963. Principle of Angiosperm Taxonomy. Oliver and Boyd. London De Guzman ED, Umali RM and Sotalbo ED. 1986. Guide to the Philippine Flora and Fauna. Vol. 3 Ministry of Natural Resources and University of the Philippines. Q.C. De Padua LS. Lugod GC and Pancho JV. 1977 1981. Handbook on the Philippine Medicinal Plants. Vols 1-4. University of the Philippines Los Baos, Laguna Fernando ES, Sun BY, Suh MH, Kong HY and Koh KS. 2004. Flowering Plants and Ferns of Mt. Makiling. ASEAN-Korea Environmental Cooperation Unit, Seoul, Korea Heslop-Harrison J. 1964. New Concepts of Flowering Plants Taxonomy Jones SB and Lunchsinger AE. 1986. Plants Systematic McGraw Hill Book Co., New York Judd SW, Campbell CS, Kellogg EA, Stevens PF and Donoghue MJ. 2002. Plant Systematics a Phylogenetic Approach Sinauer Associates, Inc., Massachusetts Lawrence G. 1951. Taxonomy of Higher Plants. McMillan Co., New York Madulid DA. 2000. A Pictorial Cyclopedia of the Philippine Flowering Plants. Bookmark. Manila Madulid DA. 2000. Philippine Plants: Endangered Plants. Pundasyon ng Pagpapaunlad ng Kaalaman sa Pagtuturo ng Agham Ink. UP Dilima, Q.C. Philippines. Merrill ED. 1912. Flora of Manila. Bureau of Printing. Manila Merrill ED. 1923. An Enumeration of the Philippine Flowering Plants. Vol 1-4 Bureau of Science, Manila, Philippines Porter C. 1967. Taxonomy of Flowering Plants. W.H. Freeman and Co., San Francisco Quickie D. 1993. Principles and Techniques of Contemporary Taxonomy. Blackie Academic and Professional Co. London. Quisumbing E. 1978. Medicinal Plants of the Philippines. Katha Publishing Co. Manila Radford AE. 1986. Fundamentals of Plants Systematics. Singh G. 2003. Plants Systematics and Integrated Approach. Science Publishers. Inc., Plymouth UK. Sivarajan VV. 1991. Introduction to the Principles of Plant Taxonomy. Cambridge University Press Cambridge Spichiger RE, Savolainen. V, Figeat M and Jeanmonod D. 2004. Systematic Botany of Flowering Plants. Science Publishers, Inc., New Hampshire, USA Stace CA, 1989. Plant Taxonomy and Biosystematics. Stuessy TF. 1990. Plant Taxonomy the Systematic Evaluation of Comparative Data. Colombia University Press. New York. Woodland D. 1991. Contemporary Plant Systematics. Summer 2012 mca/rrr 04-3-12