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Information

Access Line/Trunk Group G (LTGG)


A30828-X1150-K205-1-7618

Line/Trunk Group G (LTGG)

Information Access

Trademarks: All designations used in this document can be trademarks, the use of which by third parties for their own purposes could violate the rights of their owners.

Copyright (C) Siemens AG 2000


Issued by the Information and Communication Networks Group Hofmannstrae 51 D-81359 Mnchen Technical modifications possible. Technical specifications and features are binding only insofar as they are specifically and expressly agreed upon in a written contract.

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This document consists of a total of 41 pages. All pages are issue 1.

Contents
1 2 2.1 3 3.1 3.1.1 3.1.2 3.1.3 3.2 3.3 3.3.1 3.3.2 3.3.3 3.4 3.4.1 3.4.2 3.4.3 3.5 3.5.1 3.5.2 3.6 4 5 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 6 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 LTGG functions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Functional unit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 LTGG Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Group processor (GP). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Processor memory unit (PMU) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Clock generator and signal multiplexer (CGSM). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Signaling link control module (SILCB/SILCD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Group switch and link unit (GSL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Signaling unit (SU) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tone generator (TOGC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Receiver module for continuity check (RM:CTC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Signal processing module, extended (SPME) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Line/Trunk unit (LTU) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Digital interface unit, 2048 kbit/s, module F (DIU30F) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Digital interface unit for local DLU interface, module B (DIU:LDIB) . . . . . . Conference unit, module B (COUB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Automatic test equipment (ATE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Test equipment module for level transmitting and measuring (TEM:LE). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Automatic test equipment for transmission measuring (ATE:TM). . . . . . . . Modules for operationally controlled announcement equipment (OCE:SPC, OCE:MUP). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 14 14 15 16 18 19 19 20 20 22 22 23 25 26 26 28 30

Safeguarding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 LTG software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Call processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Safeguarding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Administration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PCM carrier processing DIU30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Test and management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 35 36 36 37 38 38 39

Technical Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

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1 Introduction
The line/trunk groups (LTG) in the network node are the interface between the access (subscriber lines, trunks, etc.) and the switching network (SN). The line/trunk group G (LTGG) allow connection of the following: primary digital carrier (PDC) analog transmission links primary rate access (PA) local digital line unit access access network (AN) The LTGs can process all the signaling processes used on the lines connected to them. They have their own controllers and thereby relieve the coordination processors (CP) of routine work. This means that the LTGs take on local control tasks such receiving the dial information, call charge recording, line supervision. etc.

Access RSU HTI

Switching network SN

DLU

LTG

LTG

Signaling

CCNC SSNC

* alternative Management Control MB

NetManager

CP

CCG

Characteristics The essential features of LTGG are: less space required

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lower power consumption exible memory upgrade on site higher reliability modern technology; application specic intregrated circuits (ASIC)

For detailed performance values, see Technical Data. Structure The LTGG is divided into the following several functional units (Fig. 1.1): Group Processor (GP) Group switch and link unit (GSL) Signal unit (SU) Line/Trunk unit (LTU) For details of the mechanical design of the LTGG hardware, please refer to Construction Manual. SPHI/O SPHI

SU

GSL

LTU0

SPHI/O (SDC) from/to SN (8Mbit/s)

LTU4

SPHI/O SPHI/O SPHI/O

(SDC)

SIHO/I GP

MCHO/I

Fig. 1.1 Interface

Block diagram of the LTGG (example)

The interfaces of the LTGG are classified as follows: External interfaces Internal interfaces The LTGG can be used for: LTGG in B function or LTGG in C function Different interfaces are available, depending on the function of the LTGN (Fig. 1.2).

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External interfaces of the LTGG in B function up to four digital transmission links (PDC) for DLUs with transmission rates of 2048 kbit/s or for DLUs with transmission rates of 1544 kbit/s up to four digital transmission links (PDCs) for digital trunks with transmission rates of 2048 kbit/s or up to ve digital transmission links (PDCs) for digital trunks with transmission rates of 1544 kbit/s up to four primary rate accesses (PAs) for medium-size and large ISDN PBXs (ISDN subscribers with PAs) with a transmission rate of 2048 kbit/s digital transmission links with a transmission rate of 4096 kbit/s for local DLU access access network (AN) via an ETSI-standard V5.1 interface Trunks can be connected to an LTGG(B) in combination with DLUs and PAs if the transmission rate is the same. External interfaces of the LTGG in C function: four digital transmission links (PDCs) for digital trunks with transmission rates of 2048 kbit/s Internal interfaces The connection between the LTG and the duplicated switching network (SN) is provided by a secondary digital carrier (SDC). The transmission rate on the SDC from the LTG to the SN and vice-versa is 8192 kbit/s (abbreviated to 8 Mbit/s). Each of these 8-Mbit/s multiplex systems has 127 time slots, each with 64 kbit/s for useful information, and one 64 kbit/s time slot for messages between CP and group processor (GP).

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Analog and ISDN subscriber lines (PCM30)

DLU (remote or local)

PDC LTGG(B) (SDC) SN

4096 kbit/s DLU (local) LTGG(B) (SDC)

LTGG(B) (SDC) AN V5.1 interface LTGG(B) (SDC) PAs and trunks (PCM30 or PCM24) PA

PDC

LTGG(C) (SDC)

Fig. 1.2

Connecting capabilities of the LTGG (example)

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2 LTGG functions
The line/trunk group G (LTGG) implements: Call processing functions Operation and maintenance functions Safeguarding functions Call processing functions The call processing functions of the LTGG comprise: receiving and interpreting the signaling from the trunk and subscriber line transmitting the signaling transmitting audible tones transmitting messages to the coordination processor (CP) and receiving commands from the CP transmitting and receiving reports from the group processors (GP) of other LTGGs transmitting orders for CCNC, receiving orders from the CCNC controlling the signaling to DLU, PA matching the line conditions to the 8 Mbit/s standard interface to the duplicated switching network (SN) through-connection of messages and useful information Subscriber connections are connections that convey useful information. The subscribers may be telephone subscribers, or also, for example, telecopying devices, fax machines. For setting up subscriber connections, LTGG has at its disposal 127 time slots (1 - 127), also called channels, per 8 Mbit/s multiplex system. Calls are switched by the switching network (SN). Each connection requires a time channel in the forward direction and one in the backward direction. Each of these two time channels has the same time slot in their corresponding multiplex systems. The outgoing call is assigned the time slot x, for example, by its LTGG, while the incoming call receives the time slot y, for example, from the coordination processor (CP). The SN combines the time slots x and y in a time slot z. The LTGG always transmits and receives the speech information via both sides of the switching network (SN0 and SN1). Both SN sides thus receive the same user information. The LTGG only assigns the speech information from the active switching network unit to the subscriber concerned. The other SN side is designated as inactive and can transmit and receive the current user information immediately if a fault occurs.

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LTGG1 outgoing call GPN x SN0 SN1

LTGGn incoming call GPN y

Configuration commands CP IOP:MB IOP:MB

Fig. 2.1

Subscriber connections (SN0 active)

Operation and maintenance functions The operation and maintenance functions of the LTGG comprise: transmitting messages to the CP for trafc measurement and observation switching test calls testing the trunks and port-specic parts of the LTGG with the aid of the integrated automatic test equipment (ATE:N) indication of important operating states (e.g. channel assignment) with respect to the functional equipment creation, blocking, release of equipment via man-machine language (MML) commands. Safeguarding functions The safeguarding system checks the hardware and loadable software for reactions which deviate from the norm and initiates the necessary actions for fault elimination. The safeguarding functions comprise: detection of faults in the LTGG detection of faults on the connections within the node through cross-ofce check (COC) and bit error ratio counting (BERC) transmission of fault messages to the coordination processor (CP) analysis of fault penetration initiation of actions in accordance with fault penetration (e.g. blocking individual channels or functional units of the LTGG)

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exchanging routine check messages with the CP, so that the CP can also detect a disturbed LTGG when the LTGG is unable to transmit fault messages.

The safeguarding system is composed of fault detection fault analysis actions for system restoration The fault detection program monitors the system for deviations from normal behavior. When faults occur, the fault detection feature sends a message to fault analysis. This analyzes the messages and decides what measures are to be taken. The measures for system restoration include fault messages, configuration and recovery.

2.1

Functional unit
When implementing functions, the individual functional units of the LTGG interact together. Group Processor (GP) The group processor (GP) adapts the information received from the surrounding network nodes to the internal message format of the system and controls the functional units of the LTG. processor memory unit (PMU) The processor memory unit (PMU) controls the remaining functional units of the LTG as programmed. The coordination processor (CP) loads the GP software (programs and data) in the local memory unit (MU) of the PMU. The PMU uses several serial interface modules as interfaces to the LTG periphery. An external 16-bit data and 20bit address bus and various control lines are also used as interfaces to the functional units of the LTG. clock generator and signal multiplexer (CGSM) The clock generator and signal multiplexer (CGSM) in the GP or the LTG consists of the parts for the clock generator (CG part), message channels (MCH part) and signal multiplexer (SM part). The CG part generates the LTG clocks and synchronizes them with the SN clock. It receives two synchronizing clocks from the group switch and link unit (GSL). The GSL derives these clocks individually from the frame mark bit (FMB) transmitted via the SN. The MCH part transmits and receives messages to and from the GS. The MCH part transfers data on the internal GP bus to/from the memory in the PMU. The SM part receives the serial signaling data from the signal buffer in the PMU. It distributes and transmits these data to the line/trunk units (LTU) and the signaling unit in the LTG (SU) and adapts their timing. Signaling link control (SILC); (SILC when connecting the DLU or PA to the LTGG) The signaling link control (SILC) has the function of an input/output processor. On the LTG side, the SILC terminates layer 2 of signaling protocols (synchronization, fault detection, fault handling) thus ensuring secure message exchange between peripheral unit and GP. The SILC connects several signaling channels which can be used to handle either the protocol for DLU connection (DLU protocol) or the ISDN-D channel protocol for primary rate access (PA protocol). The transmission protocols are based on the

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HDLC procedure. The SILC is operated via expanded mode, i.e. a maximum of 4 signaling channels can be controlled (HDLC protocol). The call-processing signals between DLU or PA and LTG are exchanged via a signaling channel (64 kbit/s). If a V5.1 interface for connection of the access network (AN) is connected to the LTG, the SILCB must be replaced by the signaling link control module D (SILCD). Group switch and link unit (GSL) The group switch and link interface unit (GSL) are a non-blocking time stage controlled by the GP. The GSL splits up into the link interface unit part (LIU part) and the group switch part (GS part). The LIU part of the GSL connects the redundant SN via speech highway of 8 Mbit/s to the LTG. The SN interface comprises the following in each direction: 127 speech channels 1 message channel (for communication between the GP and the CP) master clock (to synchronize channel data and the LTG clock generator) frame identication for the channel data (frame mark bit) Signal unit (SU) The signaling unit (SU) is connected to the GS/SPMXA via the speech highway and to the GP via the signal highway. The SU receives commands from the GP and notifies the GP of received signaling. The GP controls the SU via address signals. The following units can be installed in the SU: Code receiver (CR) Use of the code receiver (CR) depends on the application. CRs may be installed for pushbutton dialing (CRP) and/or for multifrequency code (CRM). The code receivers are assigned to pushbutton dialing subscribers and trunks only for the duration of digit input. Tone generator (TOG) The tone generator (TOG) generates, centrally for all line/trunk units (LTU), the required audible tones and the required frequencies for multifrequency code (MFC). Line/Trunk unit (LTU) It is the task of the line/trunk unit (LTU) to adapt connected lines to the internal LTG interfaces and equalize propagation delays (synchronizing network node and line clock). They also process the signaling from and to the connected lines. LTUs receive commands from the GP (e.g. switching signals to be transmitted) and they inform the GP of events in the periphery. In the LTU of the LTGG the following may be installed: Digital interface unit (DIU) The digital interface unit (DIU30D) 2048 kbit/s is installed in the LTU for the connection of PCM30 highways. The DIU30D matches the incoming PCM frame to the internal PCM frame and supervises transmission of information in HDB3 code to the transmission route. If the access network (AN) is connected via a V5.1 interface, the DIU30F is installed. The connection is made via a PCM30 line with 2040 kbit/s. Up to four V5.1 interfaces can be set up on one LTG. Where PCM24 highways are connected, the digital interface unit 1544 kbit/s (DIU24D) is installed.

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Conference unit (COUB) The conference unit (COUB) is required for connections on which more than three and not more than eight speech channels are to be connected together, such as for: conferences with more than three parties telemeeting for interconnection of subscribers under a public call number meet-me calls for interconnection of selected subscribers under individual call numbers Four individual conference units are implemented on one COUB. Each of the conference units can link up to eight channels. Individual digital announcement system (INDAS) The individual digital announcement system (INDAS) generates the necessary standard announcements, which were previously supplied via the analog short-text announcer (HAG) or the digital announcement system (DAS). In addition to the standard announcements, INDAS also makes individual announcements. Standard and individual announcements are issued in digital form. INDAS is realized with the operationally controlled equipment for announcement OCANEQ. The equipment for announcement comprises operationally controlled equipment for announcement, stored program control (OCE:SPC) operationally controlled equipment for announcement, memory unit (OCE:MUP) Automatic test equipment (ATE) Two versions of the automatic test equipment (ATE) are in use: Automatic test equipment for trunks (ATE:T) The ATE:T performs routine tests on trunks and tone generators (TOG). The ATE:T consists of the test equipment module for level transmitting and measuring (TEM:LE) and the test equipment module for control panel (TEM:COP). Automatic test equipment for transmission measuring (ATE:TM) The ATE:TM is the instrument for manual demand testing of trunks with the trunk workstation (TWS). The ATE:TEM also serves as a test module for director or responder within the automatic transmission measuring and signaling test equipment 2 for international 4-wire telephone trunks (ATME2).

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3 LTGG Hardware
3.1 Group processor (GP)
The functional unit group processor (GP) is an independent control unit. The GP controls the functional units of the line/trunk group (LTG) . In the LTGG, it comprises the following modules: Processor memory unit (PMU) Clock generator and signal multiplexer (CGSM) Signaling link control module (SILCB/SILCD) when DLUs and PAs are connected to an LTGG or signaling link control (SILCD) when access networks are connected.

from/to SU, LTU from GSL from/to GSL from/to GSL from/to GSL

SILCB *) **)

CGSM

PMU

Data- and Address bus *) Only for LTGG B function **) SILCD is used for connecting a V5.1 interface to the LTGG (B function)

Fig. 3.1

Group processor (GP)

3.1.1

Processor memory unit (PMU)


The processor memory unit (PMU, Fig. 3.2) controls the remaining functional units of the LTG as programmed. The PMU has two operating modes: real mode and protected mode. In real mode, the P8086 commands are emulated and a memory area of up to one Mbyte is addressed directly. Using the asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) function, this address area can be expanded to 8 Mbytes in overlays. In protected mode, the P80386 can address a memory area of up to 4 Gbytes directly by means of 32 address bits, thus rendering unnecessary the complicated and dynamically inefficient overlay technique using the ATM function. Along with the dynamic gain,

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this constitutes an important advantage of protected mode with the P80386 that the PMU fully exploits. Fig. 3.2 is a block diagram of the functions of the PMU.

ASIC: BCU

P 80386

4/8-Mbyte memory

Error detection and correction

I/O port interface

Data bus (32-bit) 32 MUX16 Control bus for memory

16 MUX8

Boot EPROM

ASIC: MCU

ASIC: SIB

SMXC interface

GCG, SILC and ext. interface Data bus (8-bit) PIC 8259 Control bus Adrebus Data bus (16-bit) Interrupt interface

Fig. 3.2

Block diagram of the PMU module

3.1.2

Clock generator and signal multiplexer (CGSM)


The clock generator and signal multiplexer (CGSM) module contain the functions the group clock generator for line/trunk group (GCG:LTGY) and the signal multiplexer (SMXC). Fig. 3.3 is a block diagram of the functions of the CGSM. GCG:LTGY function The phase locked loop (PLL) functions with changeover function are taken over, with the control part integrated in the ASIC CSC (clock and signal controller). The voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) uses an external precision quartz oscillator with 16 MHz, and the PLL parts such as phase discriminators are also made up of discrete components. The PLL synchronizes itself to two 8-kHz SN clocks supplied by the LIU part of the GSL. A 12.3-MHz oscillator supplies the timing signal needed for PCM24 systems. This circuitry is only equipped if required. The functions for monitoring and testing the PLL remain unchanged. As before, two monostable multivibrators (watchdog) monitor the PMU software for endless loops. If they are not cyclically reset by the PMU, their expiry generates resetting of the PMU.

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signal multiplexer, module C (SMXC) function The SMXC has to distribute synchronously the serial information arriving with 2Mbit/s from the SIB part of the PMU on the SIBO line to the SIHO lines.

SMX Function ASIC:CSC SIB- part of the PMU from SIB- Anteil of the PMU Hardware last look MUX Address generation SSCS, SLCS LDDA signals SYN0 SN0 clock from LIU SYN1 SN1 clock from LIU Address control data bus PMU DMA 8257 Clock pulse with PLL 16 MHz and 12.3 MHz SIHO CDIM SIHI CDAM SPHO11 SIHI 13 LTG internal clocks

HDLC 8273

HDLC 8273 Reset and test signals from PMU Fig. 3.3 Watchdog with reset circuit

MCH1 64 kbit/s from and to LIU part of the GSL Reset signals to PMU

Block diagram of the CGSM module

3.1.3

Signaling link control module (SILCB/SILCD)


Signaling link control module B (SILCB) controls a number of signaling routes (HDLC routes) to an LTG. Each of these routes controls one DLU or one PA (primary rate access). Signaling link control module D (SILCD) handles the protocols for DLUs and PAs (same as the SILCB module) but also handles the protocol for the V5.1 interface for the LTG. Functional structure of the hardware Fig. 3.4 shows the functional context of the SILCB/D module and its interfaces in the hardware environment, as described below: Group processor (GP) interface The GP addresses the SILCB/SILCD module as a set of I/O ports. Each SILCB/SILCD has two separate interfaces (0 and 1) that are each permanently assigned to one

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HDLC route in compatible mode. The following types of access to the SILCB/SILCD module are possible for each hardware address: data output or input at interface 0 or 1 output and input control at interface 0 or 1 querying of the hardware status register hardware reset of the SILCB/SILCD module SILC port reset Processor system The processor system of the SILCB/SILCD basically comprises the following: the processor ASIC chip SBCT four cascade-connected interrupt controllers memory (RAM and EPROM) The ASIC:SILCB bus controller and timer (SBCT) chip essentially contains the clock/reset generator, the bus controller and various timers. Group switch (GS) interface Up to 6 HSCX chips serve to support up to 12 HDLC routes. Each HSCX has two independently programmable HDLC controllers, each of which supports a serial transmit and receive channel. Each of the 6 HSCX chips controls its interoperation with the SILCB/SILCD CPU by means of a hardware interrupt. GP GP bus (partially connected) Address bus 8 bit Data bus 8 bit 32 MHz Takt

GP interface (FIFO/Register)

Interrupts

Prozessor

Interrupt controller RAM

SBCT GCG:LTG 2 MHz clock PC/terminal V24/display interface

EPROM P system

GS/SPMX interface (HDLC) SPHI 10/9 GS Fig. 3.4 Block diagram of the SILCB/SILCD module

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3.2

Group switch and link unit (GSL)


The group switch and link unit module (GSL, Fig. 3.5) contains an LIU part in addition to the GS part. After the symmetrical push-pull signal has been converted by the SN, a special equalization memory unit (EMU) implements the propagation delay function, i.e. are written to EMU with the SN clock and FMB, read out again with the internal LTG clock, and can buffer a complete frame (125 us). The LTG also extracts the message channel from the EMU and forwards it as 64 kbit/s to the HDLC controllers of the clock generator and signal multiplexer (CGSM) module. The GS part is compressed by using ASIC:PSX (serial-parallel and parallel-serial converter) which handles the sequential preparation of the information supplied on the 12 speech highways and the LIU connection for writing to the speech memory. After reading from the memory, the ASIC:PSX distributes the information to the serial output lines. For selecting an incoming 8-Mbit/s line at the input of the serial-parallel converter, the multiplexer either switches to the internal signal of the LIU part or receives the information of a separate LIU module on SPMXA replacement. Another ASIC, the control memory unit (CMU), contains the addresses at which the contents are to be read from the speech memory and also the setting information for conference and attenuation unit. Unlike former GSC control via a hard-wired microprogram, a special microcomputer system is used for controlling the GS/SPMX function. The speech memory serves to generate up to 64 three-party conferences together with the attenuation unit ATT (attenuation unit) and the conference unit CONF. As GP interface, the GS uses the joint function of the GSLI:ASIC for the SMX part of the CGSM module. The CDIM (incoming) and CDAM (outgoing) lines replace the former setting lines for the GS CDI, CDA, SPHI/O11 and SIH 13/14. The central functions of the LIU are mainly implemented in the ASIC:GSLI (group switch and link interface). The multiplexer function of this chip replaces the various discrete multiplexers of the LIU module.

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SPHI 0 SPHI 11 SPHIL 8 Mbit at external LIU SPHO 0 SPHO 11 SMX part of CGSM MUX

PSX

CONF SM CMU ATT

RAM EPROM

CPU

CDIM CDAM

SMX-Int. LIU-CM LIU-MUX

ASIC: GSLI 8 Mbit SN0/1 TPAEC 1 SN ACT TPAEC 2 SN STB TPAEC 3 LTG NUCT

TPAG EMU 8 Mbit SN0/1 CGSM MCH0 MCH1 MCH0/1 EMU

Fig. 3.5

Block diagram of the GSL module

3.3

Signaling unit (SU)


The signaling unit (SU) is a logical unit accommodating various modules. Possible modules for the LTGB are: Tone generator (TOGC) Signal processing module, extended (SPME) The SU modules are connected to the GS/SPMX via a speech highway and to the GP via a signal highway. They receive commands from the GP and notify it of signals received. In this way, the GP controls the SU modules using address signals.

3.3.1

Tone generator (TOGC)


The tone generator module (TOGC, Fig. 3.6) is used in the LTG to generate the necessary call processing and signaling tones. The tone generator module uses the broadcasting procedure in which all tones are simultaneously available on up to 64 channels. The tones are connected and switched

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over in the GS/SPMX. Consequently, the TOG does not require a command/message interface to the system. The TOG generates additional signals that serve to synchronize pulsed tones with the GP software (software windows) and to control CAS transmitters in the DIU modules. The tones can take different forms: steady tones pulsed (cadenced) tones with on-off ramp (no clicking) without on-off ramp composite tone made up of several sinusoidal components

SPHI0

DSP TOG

SPHI0,1 (GS) SW windows (GP)

SPHI1

System Schnittstelle

CKB

Takt- und Synchronisierlogik

TOGEN CKB (GCG) SYPB (GCG)

SYPB

SPHO SIHO SIHI SIHEN SPHO (GS) DSP RM:CTC SIHO/I (GP)

Fig. 3.6

Block diagram of the TOG module

3.3.2

Receiver module for continuity check (RM:CTC)


The speech signals for the RM:CTC receiver are applied to 4 of the 32 time slots of the speech highway (SPHO) at the serial input of the digital signal processor (DSP). Communication with the GP via the signal highway is also executed by the DSP using a second serial DSP interface. Thus, commands are transferred to the DSP via the SIHO and messages are transferred from the DSP to the GP via the SIHI. The unused output of the first serial interface is used to control the output driver of the SIHI in the system interface.

3.3.3

Signal processing module, extended (SPME)


The signal processing module, extended (SPMXE, Fig. 3.7) serves as the basis for implementing universal signaling receivers for the LTG.

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Each receiver module can be switched over individually to different signaling systems such as a multifrequency code (CRM) or pushbutton dialing (CRP). Functional structure Fig. 3.7 shows the functional structure of the code receiver module. The control processor unit (MC) and the associated external program memory (PRM) and external data memory (DRAM) forms the central component of the module. The control processor controls the SMX, IOL, MTS, DSP and DSPB modules. The control processor's 64 kbyte address area is divided into a 32 kbyte external program memory, an 8 kbyte external data memory and 16 bytes for each of the other modules controlled by the control processor. Address coding is performed in the chip select decoder module (CHIPS). Messages are exchanged with the GP via the signal multiplexer module (SMX) in which the bit-serial data from/to the GP is converted and is available to the control processor parallel to asynchronous data exchange. The control lines for setting the software modules accommodated on the hardware module are decoded and stored in the input/output module (IOL). The central hardware component for the code receiver function comprises the two identical modules DSP and DSPB. Each module contains eight digital signal processors for processing pulse-code-modulated (PCM) signals. The watchdog module (WD) is responsible for monitoring the software. The voltage control logic module (VCL) monitors the operating voltage. SPHI SPHO SYTG CLKG DSPB Module control lines MTS DSP GCG CKA, SSCS, LDDA SMX/GP

GS/ SPMX

SIHI SIHO SMX

PRM DAM

IOL

WD

MC

CHIPS

Serial card select lines

GND SCS0...3, QCS Fig. 3.7

VCL

Block diagram of the SPME module

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3.4

Line/Trunk unit (LTU)


The line/trunk unit (LTU) is a logical unit that can accommodate various functional units. The task of these units is to match connected lines to the LTG's internal interfaces and balance out propagation delays (synchronization of system and line clock). They also process the signaling to and from the connected lines. The functional units described below can be inserted in the LTU (functional units can be mixed where functionally relevant).

3.4.1

Digital interface unit, 2048 kbit/s, module F (DIU30F)


The digital interface unit, 2048 kbit/s, module F (DIU30F, Fig. 3.8) serves as an interface module for connecting a PCM link to the network node. The DIU30F can be set for either channel associated signaling (CAS) or common channel signaling (CCS). Module DIU30F consists of the following functional units: PCM30 interface HDB3 transmitter/receiver The PCM30 signal is transferred in HDB3 code between the line terminating equipment (LTE) and the DIU30F. The DIU connections are oating. Pulse frame synchronization The HDB3 signal received from the receiver component is decoded. In order to synchronize the pulse frame, the bit stream is searched for the frame alignment word and the service word. The pulse frames are considered to be synchronous if the sequence frame alignment word service word frame alignment word has been detected. Frame alignment Due to the difference in frequency and phase relationship, the PCM30 signal must be converted from the route clock to the exchange clock pulse for processing. CRC4 multiframe synchronization The CRC4 procedure is provided in the DIU30F in order to protect pulse frame synchronization from a false frame mark bit. In this procedure, a 2-ms multiframe is formed and divided into 1-ms segments. DIU processor The DIU30F is controlled by an 8032 processor. A 32-Kbyte external program memory and an 8-Kbyte external data memory are provided. Control information is exchanged between the DIU processor and the module hardware partly via the processor ports and partly via an I/O area (memory-mapped). The processor has a clock frequency of 16 MHz and a 0.75 ms command cycle. A watchdog that must be triggered every 100 ms is provided for monitoring the program flow. If the watchdog expires, the DIU processor is periodically reset and the alarm indication signal (AIS) is transmitted on the PCM30 route. Channel associated signaling (CAS) Tasks of the channel associated signaling (CAS) processor synchronization of the signaling frame signal multiplexer (SMX) interface of the CAS processor used for exchanging signal words between DIU30F and GP

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Speech path controller The 64 kbit/s channels of the various functional units that are connected (CAS processor, GS/SPMX, FAU30, etc.) are through-connected in the speech path controller in accordance with the GP setting instructions. Hardware sequencer The hardware sequencer has a 10-bit counter and a PROM. The counter divides the system clock pulse (CKC) (8.192 MHz) into 4.096 MHz and 2.048 MHz and supplies the addresses for accessing the PROM. The clock pulses are distributed on the module. Various signals and points in time for controlling the hardware sequences are programmed in the PROM. The same applies to the 1544 kbit/s digital interface unit (DIU24D). In the case of PCM24 systems, it is used with 24 channels on the 1544 kbit/s transmission link.

PCM30 interface receiver FAU30 PDC

Speech path controller MTS 8/16 GS/ SPMX

transmitter CCG DIU Processor 8032 CAS Processor 8032

SIHI12 SIHO12 Fig. 3.8 Block diagram of the DIU30F module

SIHIx SIHOx

3.4.2

Digital interface unit for local DLU interface, module B (DIU:LDIB)


The local DLU interface, module B (DIU:LDIB) is the LTG interface module for a DLU located in the same exchange, and is therefore part of the local DLU interface (LDI). It assumes the functions of the DIU30D within the scope of the LDI.

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Basically, the DIU:LDIB has the following functions: The module supplies the 4096-kbit/s transmission link between the LTG and DLU; the partner module in the DLU is the DIU:LDID In normal operation (primary + expansion links to DLU), the DIU:LDIB supports 60 speech channels; with primary link only, 30 speech channels are supported. In the former case, the LDIB fully utilizes the 4096-kbit/s transmission link. In the latter case, the transmission link is only partially utilized. The module supports the interface to the GS The DIU:LDIB consists of the following functional units (see Fig. 3.9): Line interface (LIIF) The line interface is the interface to the DLU. This block contains line monitoring in addition to the transmitter and receiver. LDIB processor The LDIB processor block contains voltage supervision, program watchdog and GP watchdog functions in addition to the actual processor. Clock generator The 4096-kHz clock pulse and the 8-kHz FMB signal required for transmission on the 4096-kbit/s interface to the DLU are derived from the 8192-kHz clock pulse and the 250Hz synchronous pulse from the GCG. The two signals are also used to generate the internal signals and clock pulses for controlling the DIU:LDIB hardware. GS interface The speech highway is connected to the GS via the GS interface. GP interface Information between the DIU:LDIB and the GP is exchanged via the SMX interface.

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4096 kbit/s DLU 4096 kbit/s DLU LIIF Receiver, equalization memory, supervision Sender, data saving

2048 kbit/s GS interface CCS EXT CCS EXT SPHO SPHI

2048-kbit/s4096-kbit/s conversion

Clock interface HW control WD supervision

LDIB Processor Prozessor

GP interface

CCS CKC SYPC WDO SIHI EXT SIHO

CCS EXT

Fig. 3.9

Block diagram of the DIU:LDIB module

3.4.3

Conference unit, module B (COUB)


The conference unit, module B (COUB, Fig. 3.10) is used for connection types where more than three speech channels must be connected. Such connection types include, for example: conference calls involving more than three subscribers (large conference) phone meeting for connecting any caller under a public directory number meet-me connections for connecting selected callers under individual directory numbers Four separate conference circuits are implemented on a COUB. Each of the conference units can connect up to eight channels (e.g. eight subscribers). It is possible to cascade two conference units in order to connect up to 14 channels. The conference signals are formed by summing the subscriber signals; the signals of the three loudest speakers are taken into account, meaning that an attenuation of the conference signals is not necessary. In summing, allowance is made for the fact that the three loudest speakers do not hear their own signals. The conference unit can be used in systems with PCM signal coding as per A-law or mlaw. When hardware implementations are uniformly alike, the different applications are dealt with by means of firmware versions.

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Conference circuit (DSP0)

Speech signal interface (MTS)

GS Controll interface (SMXI) Reset circuit Processor GP

Conference circuit (DSP3) DSP0..3 Interrupt controller Conference controller

Clock controller

GCG

Fig. 3.10

Block diagram of the COUB module

3.5

Automatic test equipment (ATE)


The automatic test equipment for trunks (ATE:T) is used for the following routine tests: trunk test tone generator test (testing of call processing tones) testing of the ETEAE and test equipment module for level transmitting and measuring (TEM:LE) responder modules The automatic test equipment for transmission measuring (ATE:TM) is used for taking measurements in the manual demand testing of trunks by means of the trunk work station (TWS) and as a director or responder within the automatic transmission measuring and signaling test equipment for international telephone trunks (ATM2) when testing international trunks. The same holds true for testing national trunks (director or responder function) using the ATE:TM. Both the ATE:TM module and the modules of the ATE:T are described below.

3.5.1

Test equipment module for level transmitting and measuring (TEM:LE)


The test equipment module for level transmitting and measuring (TEM:LE) is part of the ATE:T and is also used as a responder module for various national and international responder functions. It receives and transmits test tones, mixes them and evaluates the frequency. The TEM:LE incorporates the following functions for performing these tasks (see Fig. 3.11):

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Digital interface The digital interface comprises the signaling part and the speech channel part. The signaling part comprises: serial-parallel converter for addressing serial-parallel converter for transferring control commands from the signal highway, output (SIHO) address detection logic sequence control enable and reset logic command memory multiplexer for status information parallel-serial converter for transferring status information on the signal highway, input (SIHI) The speech channel part comprises: serial-parallel converter for addressing address detection logic sequence control channel selection transmit/switch-over logic receive/switch-over logic Digital level transmitter The digital level transmitter of the TEM:LE generates and transmits PCM tones. These PCM words for the preselected test frequency and the test level are transmitted in digital format via the SPHI line. The transmit frequency and transmit level value are determined by input via the control-signal storage unit by the GP. Digital level receiver The digital level receiver receives the coded PCM words from the SPHO line. The following types of level and frequency tests can be performed: broadband test broadband test with frequency weighting threshold test with frequency weighting threshold test without frequency weighting

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Digital interface

SMXC SMXC LDDA SLCS SSCS SIHO SIHI SMXC (GP) GS/SPMX

Digital level transmitter

Digital level receiver

Fig. 3.11

Block diagram of the TEM:LE module

3.5.2

Automatic test equipment for transmission measuring (ATE:TM)


Expanded test functions are required for semiautomatic and fully automatic trunk testing and testing using a test work station. These functions are implemented as a hardware component in the automatic test equipment for transmission measuring (ATE:TM, Fig. 3.12). The ATE:TM can provide for the following features: Level transmission as per A-law or -law single tones multiple tones transmitted as permanent signals series of single pulses with preset pulse length and preset inter-pulse time Level measuring as per A-law or -law pulse detection and determination of pulse length and pause length unevaluated level measuring evaluated level measuring by means of A, C, Q, 827-Hz, 1012-Hz or TASI lter selective level measuring Transmission, reception and evaluation of test pattern for measuring bit error ratio to CCITT Recommendation Since the module is designed with two signal processors, transmission and reception are possible simultaneously and independently of one another. The ATE:TM is a purely digital module Hardware functions Supervisor

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Supervision on the ATE:TM is performed by a microcontroller. Supervisory tasks include: basic setting after startup reception and evaluation of setting information from the SIHO transmission of results via the SIHI Receiver, transmitter Two signal processors are available in the ATE:TM for interpreting and generating speech and tone signals. PCM tone sequences from receivers and transmitters can be received via the SIHO or transmitted to the GS(SPHI) by means of the mutually independent frame synchronization pulses REC, TRSM and FLTR. TRSM and REC synchronization pulses can be synchronized to the device addresses 0, 2 and 4; FLTR can be synchronized to device address 2 only. When the module is in normal operating mode, this corresponds to time slots 0, 8 and 16. Multibus As a transmission path with a buffer for transmission data, the multibus is used for communication between processors. Address logic unit The address logic unit is responsible for connecting the signal highway to the supervisor and the speech highway to the signal processors on schedule. SPH multiplexer The SPH multiplexer is the data gate to the speech highway. Voltage supervisor The input voltage is supervised in the voltage supervisor. The watchdog is also accommodated in the voltage supervisor as a subfunction. Display module The display module comprises two light-emitting diode (LED) located on the faceplate that indicate the operating statuses of transmitters and receivers.

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Display SPHO GS/ SPMX SPHI LDDA SMXC SLCS (GP) SSCS SIHO SIHI CKA GND DCC VCC SPH Multiplexer TRSM REC FLTR

Address logic

Supervisor

Receiver

Transmitter R T

R T

GCG

Voltage supervisor Multibus

Fig. 3.12

Block diagram of the ATE:TM module

3.6

Modules for operationally controlled announcement equipment (OCE:SPC, OCE:MUP)


The system provides subscribers with the individual digital announcement system (INDAS). INDAS comprises the operationally controlled announcement equipment (OCANEQ), which is installed in the module frame of an LTG in place of a DIU, and the CP and GP software necessary for controlling the OCANEQ. The OCANEQ comprises a control module (OCE:SPC) and a memory module (OCE:MUP). Each control module has 31 announcement channels. A memory module currently has a storage capacity of 4 Mbytes, corresponding to a vocabulary of 524 seconds. In order to increase channel capacity, two OCANEQ control modules can be linked (as one device) in an LTG. The two control modules access the contents of the (max. 2 shared) memory module(s) independently of one another (same vocabulary). The storage capacity and, consequently, the announcement capacity can be increased by combining two memory modules. The OCANEQ control module's addressing capacity of max. 16,384 text fragments must be taken into account when combining two 8Mbyte memory modules. The stored vocabulary then covers approx. 34 minutes. A distinction is made between individual and standard announcements: Individual announcements contain at least one announcement component (INDAS parameter) that can be inuenced by the using service (INDAS user). Therefore, broadcast does not make sense for individual announcements. The mark of the standard announcement is that it contains no announcement components that can be inuenced by the using service. Standard announcements are

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selected by means of their standard announcement number and can be distributed by means of broadcast if they do not have to be created specically at the beginning of the announcement. Hardware functions A control module is required for each set of 31 announcement channels. A maximum of two control modules can be combined in one announcement device. There must also be one or two OCE:MUP memory modules, depending on the storage space required by the text fragments necessary for the project. The control modules access the stored text fragments independently of one another. In order to avoid changing the module frame wiring (DIU slots), the connection between control module(s) and memory module(s) is established using a ribbon cable at the front (plug-in connection on the faceplate).

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4 Safeguarding
The safeguarding system checks the hardware and loadable software for deviant reactions and initiates the necessary actions for fault elimination. The safeguarding system is composed of fault detection fault analysis actions for system restoration The fault detection program monitors the system for deviations from normal behavior. When faults occur, the fault detection feature sends a message to fault analysis. This analyzes the messages and decides what measures are to be taken. The measures for system restoration include fault messages, configuration and recovery. Safeguarding functions The safeguarding functions comprise: detection of faults in the LTG detection of faults on the connections within the node through cross-ofce check (COC) and bit error ratio counting (BERC) transmission of fault messages to the CP analysis of fault penetration initiation of actions in accordance with fault penetration (e.g. blocking individual channels or functional units of the LTG) exchanging routine check messages with the CP, so that the CP can also detect a disturbed LTG when the LTG is unable to transmit fault messages.

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5 LTG software
The group processor software controls the functional units of the LTG. It supervises the timing actions in the LTG, processes events from the LTG and the periphery of the LTG. To implement the operation, administration and maintenance functions, the LTGs communicate constantly with the CP (interprocessor communication). The CP is the hierarchically higher-level processor that issues commands to the GP. The GP in turn issues messages to the CP. A GP exchanges reports with another GP. Group processor (GP) software The GP software implements the following functions: interprocessor communication control of the functional units of the LTG, particularly switching of the internal LTG time stages administration of the timers metering of the charge pulses assuring availability administration of charge zone tables, trafc measurement, etc. administration of transient and semipermanent data The GP software is distributed in the following software functional units (Fig. 5.1): Call processing Safeguarding Administration Operation Utilities PCM carrier processing DIU30 Test and management

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DLU

LTG

SN

CP

SSNC

GP Software

OMDS

LTG call processing

LTG safeguarding

LTG administration

LTG operation

LTG utilities

LTG PCM carrier processing

LTG test and measurement

Fig. 5.1

Software structure of the LTG

5.1

Call processing
The software functional unit LTG call processing has general routines and call-processing user programs. General routines A general routine implements a function used by a number of different user programs for example, for data access. User programs User programs are the major programs in the call processing GP software. A procedure is assigned to each event in every call processing state (state/event concept). A user program is integrated into the GP software for each configurable line type. Actions to be performed for the current state/event constellation of the relevant access type are carried out directly or initiated in the user programs. The following actions are possible: transmission of line signals and dialing information barring and releasing of accesses transmission of internal messages to other user programs setting and resetting of administrative and permanent timers switching of GS/SPMX transmission of interprocessor messages implementation of cross-ofce checks (COC)

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maintenance and update of transient data areas registration of state changes in the device memory

5.2

Safeguarding
The software functional unit LTG safeguarding detects hardware and software faults and errors on the one hand due to the failures resulting from the faults/errors, and on the other hand, by means of routines, audits and self-supervision circuits even though no failure must necessarily occur. In both cases the safeguarding function prompts the GP or CP to take appropriate measures. If an error or fault has already resulting in a failure, the faulty equipment/unit is disabled or identified and a corresponding alarm is sent to the CP. Service routines are provided for sending alarm messages. An alarm message contains data providing information on the type of error. The CP uses tables to determine what actions to be taken. Routines detect hardware faults that have not yet affected normal operation. These routines run periodically and counteract faults before they take effect. Audits check the interworking and the consistency of programs and data. Self-supervision circuits detect faults in active programs by implementing plausibility checks. To clear faults, the faulty unit is configured to a different operating state.

5.3

Administration
The software functional unit LTG administration handles call-related events according to the state of the call. LTG administration includes parameter administration, traffic measurement and overload handling. Parameter administration The functions of the parameter administration are as follows: calling initialization routines loading zone/tariff tables for charging purposes loading digit translation tables to allow computation of the number of digits to be sent to the CP loading of network node data loading of access line data for conguring and canceling single access lines in an active LTG sending overload messages to the CP removing overload controlling trafc measurements calling error tables Traffic measurement The functions of traffic measurements are as follows: recording CP loads recording events in subscriber lines and incoming trunks in addition to events at recipients In the case of incoming trunks and at recipients, the user program initiates traffic measurement. This is so-called summation recording. A traffic data memory is always provided for a sum of objects (subscribers, incoming trunk, push button receivers, MFC receivers).

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Overload handling The functions of overload handling are as follows: timely detection of impeding LTG overload and consequent CP overload initiation of protective actions to counteract overload cessation of protective measures when overload abates maintaining overload statistics and reporting overload situations to the CP

5.4

Operation
All incoming events (e.g., commands from the CP, reports from the partner LTG, peripheral event due to going off-hook or digits, etc.) are received and transferred in the software functional unit "LTG operation" of the LTG to the appropriate programs. To do so, the data delivered with an event are stored in an event block and transferred in this form to the user program. The routine "Task Processing" is implemented in the master scheduler for distribution of a task block of this kind to the correct user. Depending on the type of task, the event is handled in different event processing routines. An identification flag stored in the task block identifies the type of task and consequently the event processing routine. The routine has the task of calling the right user program for the event using information from the event block and from different tables. All existing tasks (event blocks) are stored in the task queue and are processed in succession. After a block has been processed, the task processing is closed in order to allow higher priority tasks to run. The operating system (Fig. 5.2) is divided into the following levels: start level realtime level and processing level. Start level The start level contains programs that initiate the LTG start. There is no online connection to the CP at this time. The initial loading program is implemented in firmware and is stored in read-only memory of the GP in a PROM. It starts when the power supply for the LTG is activated. The initial loading program configures a defined state of the LTG and then calls the initialization program. This program starts the processing level main routine. Realtime level Interrupt programs run at the realtime level. They process urgent timing functions by interrupting the master scheduler and main routine. Processing level The processing level contains the following: master scheduler service routines and safeguarding programs. The master scheduler runs in an endless loop and calls main routines according to priority flags. Service routines compile task blocks, add them to queues and control LTG functional units.

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The GP safeguarding programs detect software and hardware errors/faults and initiate appropriate measures in the GP or CP. Power-on or expiry of supervisory units

Initial loading program Reset command from the CP Initialization program Start level

Realtime scanner

Receive interrupt

Send interrupt

Error interrupt

Realtime level

Master scheduler Service routines Safeguarding programs Processing level

Fig. 5.2

Level structure of the operating system

5.5

Utilities
The software functional unit "LTG utilities" provides programs for determining and correcting software errors during the installation phase of a network node.

5.6

PCM carrier processing DIU30


The software functional unit LTG PCM carrier processing DIU30 has the following functions: control of operational and safeguarding functions initialization of all DIU30 states after a recovery detection of errors in a DIU30 by routines and diagnosis Control of operational and safeguarding functions The control manager program controls the operational and safeguarding functions for the DIU30. It can be used for all DIU30s with different configuration (trunks or digital line unit (DLU)). The control manager has the following functions: administrative conguration of a DIU30

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error-related conguration of a DIU30 administrative conguration of an LTG overload control software recovery of an LTG new start of an LTG recovery handling creating or canceling a DIU30 conguration indication on the faceplate of the DIU30 module sending alarm messages to the partner network node control in response to PCM30 alarms

Initialization of all DIU30 states after a recovery The initialization of a DIU30 is divided into procedure-related and dynamic initialization. Procedure-related initialization: initialization of the tables transmission of a hardware reset to the DIU30 initialization of the control channel to the DIU30 setting a counter to supervise the initialization Dynamic initialization wait for the "DIU30 initialized" message from the DIU30 or for expiry of the supervisory counter transmission of a message to the DIU30 indicating that the GP is assuming control of the unit transmission of a message to correctly congure the interface from the DIU30 to the GP transmission of a message to determine the operating mode of the DIU30 transmission of a message for controlling the LED indication on the faceplate of the DIU30 module initiation of routines and diagnoses in the DIU30 for handling the statistics counters setting of a counter to monitor the loop test during the routine and diagnosis. Detecting errors in a DIU30 by routines and diagnosis The routine test and diagnosis have the task of detecting errors in a DIU30. The tests depend on the current implementation of the DIU30 (for trunks or for DLU and PA). Table logic adapts the DIU30 to the corresponding application. Parts of the tests can be jointly used for the different applications.

5.7

Test and management


The software functional unit LTG test and management is used to test subscriber lines and trunks. User programs are available in the different LTGs for this purpose. The following user programs belong to the LTG test and management function of the GP software: User programs for testing subscriber access lines The user programs for testing subscriber access lines control the following: the line workstation (LWS) the test unit (TU) in the DLU the conference equipment (CE)

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In addition, user programs are provided for the ringback service (RBS) and the subscriber line measurement system (SULIM). User programs for testing trunks The user programs for testing trunks control the following: the trunk workstation (TWS) the automatic test equipment for trunks (ATE:T) the automatic test equipment for transmission measurement (ATE:TM) the end-to-end test equipment, answer equipment (ETEAE) the conference equipment (CE) In addition, there are also user programs for system-independent test equipment such as trunk test equipment (TTE) and answer unit (AU) automatic transmission measuring and signaling test equipment for international telephone trunks (ATME2) The software-based answer equipment (e.g., test numbers, automatic subscriber) and other test equipment such as test telephones and the ringback service (RBS) are also implemented in the user programs.

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6 Technical Data
Line terminations 120 digital trunks*), incoming, outgoing or bothway on up to four 2048-kbit/s transmission links with 30 channels each four DLUs or PAs (optionally in combination) on up to four 2048-kbit/s transmission links with 30 channels each or four DLUs on up to four 1544-kbit/s transmission links with 24 channels each 120 digital trunks*), incoming, outgoing or bothway on up to five 1544-kbit/s transmission links with 24 channels each interface for 4096-kbit/s transmission links for connecting locally deployed DLUs AN via a maximum of four V5.1 interfaces *) Trunks can be connected to an LTGG in combination with DLUs, and PAs if the transmission rate is the same. Signaling systems for channel-associated signaling Line signaling systems such as E&M, loop, F6 signaling, 3 bit and 4 bit signaling and Register signaling systems such as MFC R1, MFC R2, MFC R2D, MFC R2N, MFC:Nat. The common-channel signaling system used is in accordance with CCITT No. 7 Interface to switching network Transmission 8.192 Mbit/s with 127 speech channels 1 message channel for GP - CP intercommunication Technology On all logic modules: Mechanical design

Operating voltage

TTL-ALS, TTL-FAST, TTL-ABT, ASIC and CMOS SIVAPAC for racks, module frames, modules and connectors Module pc board: 8 layers +5 V (in special cases also +12 V/5 V via add-on voltage converter)

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