Optical Applications with CST Microwave Studio

Dr. Frank Demming-Janssen

Outline
Whats so special on optical simulations?
optics for beginners materials

Solver overview for optical simulation Application examples

2n dO

na nd k
l n o i at

rd er an d

TF

F S /

u c l Ca

3r dOr de rn on

ss au G

lin e

ar ma ter

am Be

ial s

Gradien t Index

Fiber/O

Fresnel equations
ptics
m s a Pl on

n and k
are called the refractive index and extinction coefficient

) * n = n + i k = n (1 + i )

re = n k im = 2nk
2

optical user will ALWAYS use these parameters

* sometimes:
4

) n = n + i

Calculate Drude Parameter Macro

Optical WG Modes with CST MWS

n = 1.16 a = 500 nm

n = 1.45

Freq: 330 THz -> 909 nm wavelength

6

optical_wg_sweep.zip

www.cst.com

Theoretical Dispersion Plot

With:

b=

/ ko n2
n1 n2

V = ko a n1 n2
2

1 2 2

*G.P. Agrawal: Fiber Optics Communication Systems, Wiley Series in Microwave and Optical Engineering, pp 34

www.cst.com

Modes

HE11

HE12
8 www.cst.com

Modedispersion Mode 1

Error calculation: Because of the use of the normalized propagation const. b the error in this curve seems larger then it is! An error of less the 1% in the might show up as a error of more then 5% in b!
9 www.cst.com

Modedispersion Higher Order modes

10

www.cst.com

Plasmon

11

Materials

For metals the real part of eps is NOT negligible and is negative and dispersive!

12

CST MICROWAVE STUDIO Solver Overview Optical Applications

Large Problems Memory efficient algorithm Hardware Accelerator, Cluster Computing Perfect Boundary approximation eliminates staircase error at dielectric/dielectric and dielectric/PEC interface Broadband Solution Broadband Farfield Monitor periodic structures with Floquet port modes unit cells surface plasmons TET mesh accurate field solutions at dielectric/Drude metal interface periodic boundaries (unit cells) Dispersion diagrams

Transient

Frequency Domain

Eigenmode

13

Transient Solver - advantages Memory efficient algorithm

solves electrical large problems

14

Transient Solver - advantages Memory efficient algorithm Perfect Boundary Approximation

eliminates staircase error at dielectric/dielectric and dielectric/PEC interface

15

Transient Solver - advantages Memory efficient algorithm Perfect Boundary Approximation Calculates Broadband Solution

Coated Silica Sphere

16

Transient Solver - some weaknesses -

Local Field Error (Drude Material)

MWS

FDTD from publication

PBA works only perfect on normal dielectric materials. On Drude materials with a sign change of real par of at interface PBA has no effect only affect local field values
17

Frequency Domain Solver - advantages TET and HEX mesh

TET mesh resolves material interfaces: Accurate local field information for Drude Materials

HEX
18

TET

Frequency Domain Solver - advantages -

TET and HEX mesh

TET mesh resolves material interfaces: Accurate local field information for Drude Materials

HEX
19

TET

Fields along line across material interface

Example: Nanometric Optical Tweezers

metal tip
P

dielectric Sphere: 5 nm radius

20

Reference: Lukas Novotny, Randy X. Bian, and X. Sunney Xie, Physical Review Letters, Volume 79, No. 4, 28 July 1997

Acrobat-Dokument

Field enhancement
Incident field = 810 nm

P E

Polarization of the incident E-field aligned with tip axis: enhancement factor 75

Polarization of the incident E-field perpendicular to the tip axis: no enhancement E P

21

Trapping a particle underneath the tip

Incident field = 810 nm

Trapped dielectric particle

Trapped metallic particle

22

Frequency Domain Solver - advantages TET and HEX mesh Periodic and Unit cell calculation
Allows arbitrary angle of incidents for plane waves

23

Example: Frustrated Total Reflection

Transmission vs. Gap Width

Power Flow vs. Gap Width

24

Example: Surface Plasmon Generation

= 1.69

= -15.99 + 0.8i
P E

metal sheet 50 nm
= 2.56

Incident field phi > phi critical

25

Example: Surface Plasmon Generation

26

Example: Plasmon Scattering

Grating distance

P E

27

Example: Plasmon scattering by grading scattered field

P E

28

Example: Plasmon excitation by grading

E P

Surface Plasmon

Grating distance

29

Example: Plasmon excitation by grading - structure setup -

2 D Solution
setup only 1 mesh cell in height

Periodic Boundaries Ports at both ends

30

Example: Plasmon excitation by grading - structure setup -

record balance: Energy absorb by system

31

Example: Plasmon excitation by grading TD Simulation

grating 450 THz

550 THz
32

Frequency Domain Solver - advantages TET and HEX mesh Periodic and Unit cell calculation Arbitrary material dispersion

For FD Solver ignore warning concerning material fit

33

Example: Scattering on a coated sphere

Test vehicle: nano shell - silver coated silica

34

Results: Extinction Cross Section

Published results

MWS: different solvers

35

Thank you

36