Dnyanteerth Vishnupuri, Nanded 431 606

Faculty of Social Sciences

Syllabus of PHILOSOPHY
B.A. II nd Year

(With effective from June 2009)

Syllabus of B.A. II year Philosophy With Effect From June 2009

Paper III -

Inductive Logic and Research Methodology.

Paper IV -

History of Western Philosophy (or) Philosophy of Bhagwan Shri. Rajnish (Osho)

Note : Internal assessment and external assessment 20+80 = 100

B.A.II Year Optional - Philosophy

Paper III - Inductive Logic & Research Methodology

Chapter I : What is Logic ? 1) Various definition logic. 2) Nature and scope of logic 3) Utility of logic

Chapter II : Sources of Human Knowledge? 1) Direct Knowledge 2) Indirect Knowledge a) Inference kinds of inference similarities. Differences between induction and deduction. b) Testimony.

Chapter III : Grounds of introduction ( Formal Grounds) 1) Nature of grounds of induction. 2) Formal Grounds a) Causation b) Uniformity of Nature. 3) Principle of causation a) Scientific cause. b) Unscientific cause (Popular) 4) Fallacies of Causation a) Post hoc ergo propter hoc. b) Hysteron Proteron. 3

c) Plurality of Causes.

Chapter IV : Material Grounds of Induction : 1) Observation a) Definition , nature , characteristics ,conditions, advantages and disadvantages. b) Fallacies of observation non observation and mal observation. 2) Experiment : Definition , Nature , Kinds, advantages and disadvantages.

Chapter V : Hypothesis 1) What is Hypothesis? Types of Hypothesis . 2) Conditions of valid Hypothesis 3) Verification and proof of hypothesis.

Chapter VI : Classification and definition 1) Classification meaning , nature , kinds, use 2) Definition meaning , rules, kinds

Chapter VII : Mills experimental methods : 1) Mills concept of experimental method. 2) Methods of agreement and method of difference.

Chapter VIII : Science and scientific research method. 1) Science- Meaning , nature and kinds 2) Scientific method : meaning and stages

Chapter IX : Research and Research Methodology. 1) What is research ? 4

2) Importance of research in practical life and scientific knowledge 3) What is research methodology? Nature of research methodology.

Chapter X : Techniques of Research 1) Observation Nature and types, participant & non Participant observaion. 2) Survey : Nature and types 3) Interview : Nature , merits and demerits 4) Questionery : Nature , merits and demerits. Reference Books for reading : 1) Introduction to logic and Scientific method : M.R. Cochen and E. Nagel 2) Logic and scientific method : Belsare 3) Inductive Logic Balkrishna Pandit 4) Probability and inductive logic : Keyberg H.E. 5) rdZkkL= vkf.k oSKkfud i/nrh & gqY;kGdj Jh-xks-] dkGs Jh-ok-]dkoGs Jh-j-

izdkkd] iq.ks vukFk fon;kFkhZ x`g iq.ks6) lkekftd kkL=krhy laKk fl/nkrkapk dksk

rRRoKku

ys[kd%laiknd & MkW-ch-vkj-tkskh lg ys[kd & izk-lqjsk O;adVjko dqyd.khZ izdkkd & dkWUVhusUVy izdkku ]iq.ks7) rdZkkL= & MkW-larksk Bkdjs ] dqaHk izdkku vekjkorh 8) oSKkfud i/nrh % MkW-t-jk-nkHkksGs]

QMds izdkku ] dksYgkiqj9) rdZeatjh & izk-Ogh-Ogh- vkdksydj

izdkkd & fn fQykWlkWfQdy vlksfl,ku] vejkorh10) lqxe rdZ fopkj & izk-ek/koh dfo ] izk- bZ-vkj- eBokys

fon;k izdkku ] ukxiwj11) rdZkkL= vkf.k oSKkfud i/nrh & izk-Jh-g-fnf{kr 12) rdZkkL= & MkW-okRlk;u 5

izdkkd % dsnkjukFk jkeukFk] esjB13) rdZkkL= dh #ijs[kk & MkW-cfnzukFk flag] dq-vqtuh flag

izdkkd % vkkk izdkku ] okjk.klh

14)

ljy vkxeu rdZkkL= & vkksd dqekj oekZ izdkkd % eksrhyky cukjlhnkl ] ubZ fnYYkh

15) Text Book of Logic Wolf A London 1930 16) Logic : Deductive and Inductive Read C Published at London 1998 A.I. Edition Calcutta 1953 17) An Introduction to logic and Scientific Method Cohen M.R. and Nagel E London 1934

B.A.II Year Optional - Philosophy

Paper IV - History of Western Philosophy

1) Nature of Western Philosophy. i) Characteristics of western philosophy ii) Difference between Indian and western philosophy iii) A brief outline of Sophists philosophy

2) Socrates i) Philosophical method. 6

ii) Ethical View.

3) Plato i) Theory of knowledge. ii) Theory of ideas. iii) Theory of Good and its relation to God.

4) Aristotle i) Theory of matter and form. ii) Theory of Causation. iii) Concept of God.

5) Descartes i) Rationalism. ii) Method of Doubt. iii) Body Mind Relationship. iv) Argument for existence of God.

6) Spinoza i) Substance. ii) Modes and attributes. iii) Pantheism. iv) Determinism.

7) Lock i) Empiricism ii) Theory of knowledge iii) Refutation of Innate ideas 7

8) Hume i) Theory of knowledge ii) Theory of Causation iii) Skepticism

9) Kant i) Critical Philosophy ii) Apriori Synthetic Proposition iii) Things in themselves Books For Reading : 1) Thilly F.A. : History of Philosophy ( Central Book Depot, Allahabad.) Reference Book : 1) Stace W.T. : A critical History of Greek Philosophy , ( London , Macmillan) 2) Wright W.K. : A History of Modern Philosophy , ( New York , Macmillan) 3) Radhakrishnan S. and Others Edited, History of Philosophy , Eastern and western , Vol . II. ( Allan and Unwin ) 4) Titus Herold H. : Living Issues in Philosophy , ( Eurosia Publishing House, P. Ltd. ) , New Delhi 5) MkW-x-uk-tkskh & ikfpekR; rRRoKkukpk bfrgkl ] [kaM 1 o 2 ] (e-jk-fo- xzaFk

fufeZrh eaMG ] ukxiwj-)

6) izk- ih-Mh- pkS/kjh & ikpkR; rRroKkukpk bfrgkl]

(OR) B.A.II Year Paper IV - Optional - Philosophy

Philosophy of Bhagwan Shri Rajnish (Osho)

Chapter I i) Bhagwan Rajnish : Life and Personality ii) Salient Features of the Philosophy of Bhagwan Shri Rajnish iii) His view on Philosophy. iv) His opinion on comparison of Indian philosophy and Western Philosophy. Chapter II i) Life and contribution of Mahavir ii) Ahimsa (non-violence) iii) Aparigraha iv) Concept of Self-Realization v) Theory of Karma Chapter III i) Breath : as a link between body and mind. ii) Love and meditation iii) Concept of dream Chapter IV i) Mind and awareness/consciousness ii) Views on Samadhi iii) Five types of Mind iv) Samyak dhyan ( right knowledge) right knowledge and mind. Chapter V 9

i)Karmayoga ii)Dhyanyoga iii)Vishvarup darshanyoga. iv) Bhaktiyoga. v) Moksh Sanyasyoga. Chapter VI Views on Kabirs thought Chapter VII Views on Zen Chapter VIII Views on Philosophy of Buddha.

Boooks for Rading and Reference :1) ra= lq= (Hkkx 1) &vkskks& jscy ifOykhax gkml izk-fy-] iq.ks&9 2) egkfoj % ifjp; vkSj ok.kh & vkskks & eksrhyky cukjlhnkl] fnYyh 3) egkfoj ;k egkfoukk & vkskks &rkvks ifCykhax izk-fy-iq.ks 4) iratyh ;ksx lq= (Hkkx 1) & vkskks & jscy ifCykhax gkml izk-fy-iq.ks 5) esjk Lo.khZe Hkkjr & vkskks & rkvks ifCykhax izk-fy-iq.ks 6) liuk ;g lalkj & vkskks 7) Lokra=ksRrj nkkZfud izdj.k 1]2]3] & foofon;ky; izdkku ]lkxj 8) xhrk nkZu

& vkskks

9) u dkuks lquk u vka[kks ns[kk & vkskks 10) lquks HkkbZ lk/kks & vkskks 11) dgs dchj fnokuk & vkskks 12) dgs dchj eS iwjk ik;k & vkskks 13) fcu ckrh fcu rsy & vkskks 14) ns[k dchjk jks;k &

vkskks

15) vpk;Z jtuhk & leUo; & foysku & lfl/nh & ys- jkepanz izlkn 10

16) ;q/n vkSj kkarh Hkxor xhrk dk euksfoKku & vkskks & Q~;qtu cqDl] ubZ fnYYkh 17) leqUnj lek;k cqUn es & vkpk;Z jtuhk & thou tkx`rh dsanz eqacbZ18) Hkkjrh; rRroKkukpk c`gn bfrgkl [kaM 11] & ys[kd % MkW- x-uk-tkskh 19) ts-d`.keqr hZ ekuo Lokrs= & MkW jktskdqekj pkSjfl;k & foofon;ky; izdkku]

lkxj (e-iz-)
20) ;k=k & ujgj dq#andj 21) Who am I ? - Osho 22) Freedom from the Mind - Osho 23) Zen Take is easy - Osho 24) Zen and the art of living Osho

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