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study and thus more the values As per the Time Study carried out in the shop floor for this tube sheet, the results are shown below
(Values approximate)
are
30
35
As seen with help of the values given in the table above, the following conclusions can be drawn :
1. Set up time of the job reduces considerably 2. Travelling time of the job reduces 3. Machine is under functioning cycle most of the time 4. Increase in overall efficiency and productivity 5. Working time of the operator increases from before
of
Structural Steel
250
400
Strength
Carbon Steel
250
841
Titanium Steel
940
1040
531
too low
520
860
130
200
too low
Thus, we select carbon steel as the material because it is economical and has adequate Ultimate Strength Bending Stress Calculations Weight Calculation: The plate which is being used for attachment of the milling spindle in the Webster Bennett Machine is having the following dimensions 334 mm X 495 mm, thickness =85 mm According to this area, as per data for standard nominal size and weight per sheet of steel, weight of this sheet metal of steel is calculated as follows:
A sheet of 2200 mm X 1100mm, thickness= 4 mm, weight=76 kg Thus a sheet of 334 mm X 495 mm, thickness= 85 mm, weight = (As per estimations given in the reference book) Thus, 110.28 X 9.81= 1081.85 Newton
110. 28 kg 234 4
Thus, the weight of plate required for milling spindle (W) is 110.28 kg = 1081.85 N
Force Calculations: The plate used to attach the milling spindle to the machine has to sustain 2 forces: 1) Weight of the spindle, cuter, job 2) Cutting Force applied Since the weight of these parts is axial, the bending of the plate does not depend on the weight. It depends on the bending stresses of the parts. Thus, below is shown the calculation of bending stresses. According to these calculations, ultimate strengths will be found out and thus results will be stated
W A HA = 0 VA RB B
495 mm
Assuming that the weight of the spindle, tool and job is 50 kg = 50 X 9.81 = 490.5 N
Support Reactions:
... RB = 121.39 N
Fy = 0
+ve
yi = 42.5 mm = C.G
B___ 42.5
The maximum safe u.d.l which it can carry is: = 490.5 110.32 =
380.18 N
This is equivalent to the plate holding 380.18 N of weight other than the self u.d.l
Conclusion:
The aim of the project work undertaken in L&T-HED is a part of improving the practical knowledge of the student in the field of manufacture and design tooling in a scientific and technological way. This improves not only
practical skill but also the various managerial functions such as planning the project, scheduling designing, collection of data, with respect to the project works etc., This training has been a great learning experience for me. It has been a pleasure to be a part of technological superior organization like Larsen & Toubro Limited. This training period was one of the best times of my engineering curriculum. I had the opportunity to come along with some of the latest technologies used extensively in the manufacturing industry. It helped me assimilate the fundamentals that are required in dealing with people. It has also helped me to bridge gap between the theoretical and practical aspects of looking at a technical problem. I am sure that after this training and practical knowledge I will be able to visualize work situations better. This training definitely will enhance my rate of progress in future. This will help in building my personality in my professional career in a better way . Hence to summarize, this training has put me one step ahead towards being a good engineer in the field of Production and Manufacturing. The training was one of the most exciting, enriching challenging and knowledgeable part of my studies. The report bears the testimony to this.
References
Manufacturing Science by Ghosh and Malik Webster Bennett manual Hazira Choudary Book Material Science and Metallurgy by O.P.Khanna