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MC LC

LI NI U............................................................................................................. 1
CHNG I ................................................................................................................. 2
C S L THUYT .................................................................................................. 2
1.1. Tng quan v mng cm bin khng dy........................................................... 2
1.1.1. Khi nim................................................................................................... 2
1.1.2. Node cm bin ........................................................................................... 2
1.1.3. c im ca cu trc mng cm bin ........................................................ 2
1.1.4. u nhc im ca mng cm bin khng dy .......................................... 3
1.1.5. ng dng ca mng cm bin khng dy ................................................... 4
1.2. Khi qut v ZigBee/ IEEE 802.15.4................................................................. 4
1.2.1. Khi nim................................................................................................... 4
1.2.2. c im .................................................................................................... 4
1.3. Tng quan v Xbee ZB24 ................................................................................. 9
1.3.1. Thng s k thut ....................................................................................... 9
1.3.2. Truyn thng Xbee ................................................................................... 10
1.4. Tng quan v Arduino .................................................................................... 15
1.3. Kt lun chng: ............................................................................................. 18
CHNG II .............................................................................................................. 19
THIT K M HNH H THNG .......................................................................... 19
2.1. M hnh h thng ............................................................................................ 19
2.1.1. S ng cnh h thng .......................................................................... 19
2.1.2. S khi h thng.................................................................................. 20
2.2. Phn tch hot ng h thng gim st nhit , nhp tim v gi tin nhn SMS
qua mng GSM. ..................................................................................................... 33

2.2.1. Gim st nhp tim da trn lng SpO2 .................................................... 33


2.2.2. Hot ng ca h thng ............................................................................ 35
CHNG III............................................................................................................. 38
XY DNG PHN MM V KT QU ............................................................... 38
3.1. Xy dng phn mm ....................................................................................... 38
3.1.1. Lp trnh nhng vi nn tng Arduino ...................................................... 38
3.1.2. Lu thut ton chng trnh nhng ...................................................... 40
3.2. Kt qu t c ............................................................................................. 43
3.2.1. Hnh nh h thng thc t......................................................................... 43
3.2.2. Hnh nh hot ng ca h thng ............................................................. 44
KT LUN ............................................................................................................... 46
TI LIU THAM KHO.......................................................................................... 47

MC LC HNH NH
Hnh 1.1: Cu trc lin kt mng .................................................................................. 5
Hnh 1.2: Cu trc mng hnh sao................................................................................. 6
Hnh 1.3: Cu trc mng mesh ..................................................................................... 7
Hnh 1.4: Cu trc mng hnh cy ................................................................................ 8
Hnh 1.5. Hnh nh Xbee ZB24.................................................................................... 9
Hnh 1.6. Hot ng truyn thng RF ........................................................................ 11
Hnh 1.7. Khung truyn UART .................................................................................. 11
Hnh 1.8. Cu trc khung API ch 1...................................................................... 12
Hnh 1.9. Khung API ch 2 ................................................................................ 12
Hnh 1.10. Cu trc c th khung API. ...................................................................... 13
Hnh 1.11. API truyn 64 bt a ch .......................................................................... 13
Hnh 1.12. API truyn 16 bt a ch .......................................................................... 14
Hnh 1.13. Khung trng thi truyn. ........................................................................... 14
Hnh 1.14. Khung nhn 64 bt a ch......................................................................... 14
Hnh 1.15. Khung nhn 16 bt a ch......................................................................... 15
Hnh 1.16. My in 3D ................................................................................................ 16
Hnh 1.17. Robot ....................................................................................................... 17
Hnh 1.18. My bay khng ngi li.......................................................................... 17
Hnh 1.19. Lp tnh game tng tc .......................................................................... 17
Hnh 1.20. iu khin hiu ng nh sng................................................................... 18
Hnh 2.1. S ng cnh h thng gim st sc khe trong mng cm bin khng dy.
.................................................................................................................................. 19
Hnh 2.2. S khi h thng ................................................................................... 20
Hnh 2.3. Khi iu khin. ......................................................................................... 21

Hnh 2.4. Khi truyn pht......................................................................................... 22


Hnh 2.5. Kt ni sim ti modul SIM 900A. .............................................................. 24
Hnh 2.6. Modul SIM 900A. ...................................................................................... 24
Hnh 2.7. Cm bin nhit DS18B20. ..................................................................... 29
Hnh 2.8. S mch o nhp tim bng hng ngoi. .................................................. 31
Hnh 2.9. Pin Lithium cung cp ngun cho h thng. ................................................. 32
Hnh 2.10. Mch n p 5V cung cp ngun cho board mch Arduino. ....................... 32
Hnh 2.11. Mch n p 3,3V c s dng cung cp ngun cho Xbee ZB24. ............ 32
Hnh 2.12. Mch n p 4,1V dnh cho Modul SIM900. ............................................. 32
Hnh 2.13. S khi mch o nhp tim da trn SpO2. ........................................... 34
Hnh 2.14. S mch d nhp tim. ........................................................................... 34
Hnh 2.15. Khi ngi s dng ngoi phm vi ca mng cm bin khng dy. ........ 36
Hnh 2.16. Khi ngi s dng trong phm vi ca mng cm bin khng dy. ......... 36
Hnh 3.1. Lu thut ton chng trnh chnh. ........................................................ 40
Hnh 3.2. Chng trnh timer. .................................................................................... 41
Hnh 3.3. Chng trnh ngt ngoi. ............................................................................ 42
Hnh 3.4. Hnh nh thc t h thng........................................................................... 43
Hnh 3.5. H thng c gn vo tay bnh nhn. ....................................................... 44
Hnh 3.7. H thng gi tin nhn khi mi khi ng. .................................................. 45
Hnh 3.6. H thng chy c test trn my tnh........................................................ 45

LI CM N
Em xin chn thnh cm n:
Thy gio Phm Quc Thnh B mn Cng ngh in t - Khoa cng
ngh in t v Truyn thng i hc Cng ngh Thng tin v Truyn
thng Thi Nguyn.
Ch nhim d n Exploring future university development cooperation
in rural North Vietnam supported by existing partnerships: a harvest and
seed approach- m s ZEIN2011Z099.
Cng cc thy c gio trong Khoa Cng ngh in t v Truyn thng i hc
Cng ngh thng tin v Truyn thng to mi iu kin gip em trong sut thi
gian thc hin n.

Thi Nguyn, thng 5 nm 2013


Sinh vin thc hin n

Dng V Kin

LI NI U
Mng cm bin khng dy hin nay ang c p dng rng ri trong i sng
v nghin cu ti nhiu nc trn th gii. Mt u im ca mng cm bin khng dy
l tnh di ng cao, nh gn v s lng nt cm bin ln dn n vng ph sng ca
mng rng. WSN cung cp rt nhiu nhng ng dng hu ch nhiu lnh vc trong
cuc sng.
-

ng dng qun s an ninh v thin nhin.

ng dng trong gim st xe c v cc thng tin lin quan.

ng dng cho vic iu khin cc thit b trong nh.

ng dng cc ta nh t ng.

ng dng trong qu trnh qun l t ng trong cng nghip.

ng dng trong y sinh hc.

Mt ng dng ca mng cm bin khng dy hin ang c pht trin v trin


khai nhiu l p dng trong y t. Da vo nhng ng dng thc t nh trn cng vi
vic tham gian nghin cu pht trin h thng mng cm bin khng dy trong d n
VLIR, em thc hin n tt nghip Thit k nt mng cm bin khng dy ng
dng trong y t vi mc ch xy dng mt nt mng cm bin c kh nng thu thp
nhit , nhp tim ca bnh nhn v gi v my tnh nu bnh nhn ang trong bnh
vin (vng ph sng ca mng cm bin), gip bnh nhn c th c di chuyn quanh
khu vc bnh vin m khng cn nm mt ch, ngoi ra nu di chuyn ra ngoi khu vc
bnh vin, h thng s x l t ng gi tin nhn n s in thoi t trc nu tnh
hnh sc khe ca bnh nhn c vn .

CHNG I
C S L THUYT
1.1. Tng quan v mng cm bin khng dy
1.1.1. Khi nim
Mng cm bin khng dy (WSN) c th hiu n gin l mng lin kt cc
node vi nhau bng kt ni sng v tuyn (RF connection) trong cc node mng
thng l cc thit b n gin, nh gn, gi thnh thp v c s lng ln, c
phn b mt cch khng c h thng (non-topology) trn mt din tch rng (phm vi
hot ng rng), s dng ngun nng lng hn ch (pin), c thi gian hot ng lu
di( vi thng n vi nm) v c th hot ng trong mi trng khc nhit (cht c,
nhim, nhit ).
1.1.2. Node cm bin
Mt node cm bin c cu to bi 3 thnh phn c bn sau: vi iu khin,
sensor, b pht radio. Ngoi ra, cn c cc cng kt ni my tnh.
-

Vi iu khin: Bao gm CPU, b nh ROM, RAM, b phn chuyn i


tn hiu tng t thnh tn hiu s v ngc li.

Sensor: Chc nng cm nhn th gii bn ngoi, sau chuyn d liu


qua b phn chuyn i x l.

B pht radio: Bi v node cm bin l thnh phn quan trng nht trong
WSN, do vy vic thit k cc node cm bin sao cho c th tit kim
c ti a ngun nng lng l vn quan trng hng u.

1.1.3. c im ca cu trc mng cm bin


c im ca mng cm bin l bao gm mt s lng ln cc node cm bin,
cc node cm bin c gii hn v ging buc v ti nguyn c bit l nng lng rt
kht khe. Do , cu trc mng mi c c im rt khc vi cc mng truyn thng.
Sau y ta s phn tch mt s c im ni bt trong cc mng cm bin nh sau:
-

Kh nng chu li.

Kh nng m rng.

Rng buc phn cng.

Mi trng hot ng.

Phng tin truyn dn.

Cu hnh mng cm bin.

1.1.4. u nhc im ca mng cm bin khng dy


a. u im
Mng khng dy khng dng cp cho cc kt ni, thay vo , chng s
dng sng radio, cng tng t nh in thoi khng dy. u th ca mng khng dy
l kh nng di ng va s t do, ngi dng khng b hn ch v khng gian v v tr
kt ni. Nhng u im ca mng khng dy bao gm:
-

Kh nng di ng v s t do cho php kt ni t bt k u.

Khng b hn ch v khng gian v v tr kt ni.

D lp t v trin khai.

Khng cn mua cp.

Tit kim thi gian lp t cp.

D dng m rng.

b. Nhng thch thc tr ngi


WSNs thc s tr nn rng khp trong cc ng dng, mt s thch thc v
tr ngi cn phi vt qua.
Chc nng gii hn, bao gm c vn v kch thc.
Yu t ngun cung cp.
Gi thnh cc node.
Yu t mi trng.
c tnh knh truyn.
Giao thc qung l mng phc tp v s phn b ri cc node.
Tiu chun v quyn s hu.
Cc vn m rng

1.1.5. ng dng ca mng cm bin khng dy


WSN bao gm cc node cm bin nh gn, thch ng c mi trng khc
nghit. Nhng node cm bin ny, cm nhn mi trng xung quanh, sau gi
nhng thng tin thu c n trung tm x l theo ng dng. Cc node khng nhng
c th lin lc vi cc node xung quanh n, m cn c th x l theo ng dng. Cc
node khng nhng c th lin lc c vi cc node xug quanh n, m cn c th x l
d liu trc khi gi n cc node khc. WSN cung cp rt nhiu nhng ng dng
hu ch nhiu lnh vc trong cuc sng.
-

ng dng qun s an ninh v thin nhin.

ng dng trong gim st xe c v cc thng tin lin quan.

ng dng cho vic iu khin cc thit b trong nh.

ng dng cc ta nh t ng.

ng dng trong qu trnh qun l t ng trong cng nghip.

ng dng trong y sinh hc.

1.2. Khi qut v ZigBee/ IEEE 802.15.4


1.2.1. Khi nim
Ci tn ZigBee c xut pht t cch m cc con ong mt truyn nhng thng
tin quan trng vi cc thnh vin khc trong t ong. l kiu lin lc Zig-Zag
ca loi ong honeyBee. V nguyn l ZigBee c hnh thnh t vic ghp hai ch
ci u vi nhau. Vic cng ngh ny ra i chnh l s gii quyt cho vn cc thit
b tch ri c th lm vic cng nhau gii quyt mt vn no .
1.2.2. c im
c im ca cng ngh ZigBee l tc truyn tin thp, tiu hao t nng lng,
chi ph thp, v l giao thc mng khng dy hng ti cc ng dng iu khin t xa
v t ng ha.T chc IEEE 802.15.4 bt u lm vic vi chun tc thp c
mt thi gian ngn th tiu ban v ZigBee v t chc IEEE quyt nh st nhp v ly
tn ZigBee t cho cng ngh mi ny. Mc tiu ca cng ngh ZigBee l nhm ti
vic truyn tin vi mc tiu hao nng lng nh v cng sut thp cho nhng thit b
ch c thi gian sng t vi thng n vi nm m khng yu cu cao v tc truyn

tin nh Bluetooth. Mt iu ni bt l ZigBee c th dng c trong cc mng mt


li (mesh network) rng hn l s dng cng ngh Bluetooth. Cc thit b khng dy
s dng cng ngh ZigBee c th d dng truyn tin trong khong cch 10-75m ty
thuc v mi trng truyn v mc cng sut pht c yu cu vi mi ng dng,
Tc d liu l 250kbps di tn 2.4GHz (ton cu), 40kbps di tn 915MHz
(M+Nht) v 20kbps di tn 868MHz (Chu u).
a. Kin trc lin kt mng
Hin nay Zigbee v t chc chun IEEE a ra mt s cu trc lin kt mng
cho cng ngh Zigbee. Cc node mng trong mt mng Zigbee c th lin kt vi
nhau theo cu trc mng hnh sao (star) cu trc mng hnh li (Mesh) cu trc b
cm hnh cy. S a rng v cu trc mng ny cho php cng ngh Zigbee c ng
dng mt cch rng ri. Hnh 1 cho ta thy ba loi mng m ZigBee cung cp: tp sao,
tp mt li, tp cy.

Hnh 1.1: Cu trc lin kt mng

b. Cu trc lin kt mng hnh sao

Hnh 1.2: Cu trc mng hnh sao

i vi loi mng ny, mt kt ni c thnh lp bi cc thit b vi mt thit


b iu khin trung tm iu khin c gi l b iu phi mng PAN. Sau khi
FFD c kch hot ln u tin n c th to nn mt mng c lp v tr thnh mt
b iu phi mng PAN. Mi mng hnh sao u phi c mt ch s nhn dng c nhn
ca ring mnh c gi l PAN ID (PAN identifier), n cho php mng ny c th
hot ng mt cch c lp. Khi c FFD v RFD u c th kt ni ti b iu
phi mng PAN. Tt c mng nm trong tm ph sng u phi c mt PAN duy nht,
cc nt trong mng PAN phi kt ni vi (PAN coordinator) b iu phi mng PAN.

c. Cu trc lin kt mng mt li (mesh)

Hnh 1.3: Cu trc mng mesh

Kiu cu trc mng ny cng c mt b iu phi mng PAN (PAN coordinator).


Thc cht y l kt hp ca 2 kiu cu trc mng hnh sao v mng ngang hng, cu
trc mng ny th mt thit b A c th to kt ni vi bt k thit no khc min l
thit b nm trong phm vi ph sng ca thit b A. Cc ng dng ca cu trc ny
c th p dng trong o lng v iu khin, mng cm bin khng dy, theo di cnh
bo v kim k (cnh bo chy rng.).

d. Cu trc lin kt mng hnh cy

Hnh 1.4: Cu trc mng hnh cy

Cu trc ny l mt dng c bit ca cu trc mt li, trong a s thit b


l FFDv mt RFD c th kt ni vo mng hnh cy nh mt nt ri rc im cui
ca nhnh cy. Bt k mt FFD no cng c th hot ng nh l mt coordinator v
cung cp tn hiu ng b cho cc thit b v cc coordinator khc v th m cu trc
mng kiu ny c qui m ph sng v kh nng m rng cao.Trong loi cu hnh ny
mc d c th c nhiu coordinator nhng ch c duy nht mt b iu phi mng
PAN (PAN coordinator).
B iu phi mng PAN coordinator ny to ra nhm u tin cch t bu
ra ngi lnh o cho mng ca mnh, v gn cho ngi lnh o mt ch s nhn
dng c nhn c bit gi l l CID-0 bng cch t thnh lp CLH (cluster head)
bng CID-0 (cluster identifier), n chn mt PAN identifier ri v pht khung tin qung
b nhn dng ti cc thit b ln cn. Thit b no nhn c khung tin ny c th yu
cu kt ni vo mng vi CLH. Nu b iu phi mng PAN (PAN coordinator) ng
cho thit b kt ni th n s ghi tn thit b vo danh sch. C th thit b mi

kt ni ny li tr thnh CLH ca nhnh cy mi v bt u pht qung b nh k


cc thit b khc c th kt ni vo mng. T c th hnh thnh c cc CLH1,
CLH2 (nh hnh 1.4).
1.3. Tng quan v Xbee ZB24
1.3.1. Thng s k thut

Hnh 1.5. Hnh nh Xbee ZB24

C ly truyn thng trong nh ln ti 30m


C ly truyn ngoi tri ln ti 90m
Cng sut truyn i l 1mW(dBm)

Tc truyn d liu RF l 250.000 bps


Tc d liu giao tip nhn ni tip l 1200 bps-250 kps.
nhy thu l -92dBm(1% t l gi li)
Ngun cung cp 2.8-3.4V

Dng truyn 45mA 3.3V


S dng di tn 2.4 GHz
Mng h tr: Point to Point, Point to MultiPoint, peer to peer.

Di nhit hot ng -40-85 C.

M t cc chn
Tn

PIN

Hot

M t

ng

#
1

VCC

DOUT

Output

u ra UART

DIN

Input

u vo UART

Cung cp ngun

D08

output

u ra chn s 8

Reset

input

Khi to trng thi ca Xbee

PWM0/RSSI

output

Chn bm xung, ch s di tn
hiu Rx

PWM1

output

u ra bm xung 1

Khng dng

DTR.SLEEP_RQ,DI8

10

GND

11

AD4.DI04

C hai

u tng t4, hoc vo ra s 4

12

CTS.DIO7

C hai

C iu khin xa khi trn,vo

Not connect
input
-

iu khin sleep v u ra s8
Ni t

ra s7
13

ON/SLEEP

Output

Ch s trng thi module

14

VREF

input

in p tham chiu chn Analog

15

Associate / AD5 / DIO5 C hai

Ch s kt hp, tng t5 v vo
ra s 5

16

RTS/ AD6 / DIO6

C hai

C yu cu gi d liu, tng
t6 v vo ra s 6

17

AD3 / DIO3

C hai

tng t3 v vo ra s 3

18

AD2 / DIO2

C hai

tng t2 v vo ra s 2

19

AD1 / DIO1

C hai

tng t1 v vo ra s 1

20

AD0 / DIO0

C hai

tng t0 v vo ra s 0

1.3.2. Truyn thng Xbee


a. Truyn thng ni tip RF
Thit b Xbee c th truyn t thit b ny sang thit b khc trc tip nh hnh
di y:

10

Hnh 1.6. Hot ng truyn thng RF

Nh hnh trn cc Module Xbee giao tip vi vi iu khin bi cc chn DI truyn


data, DO nhn data, cc c bo truyn nhn CTS v RTS. D liu y cng l dng
truyn thng ni tip truyn thng.

Hnh 1.7. Khung truyn UART

Khung truyn bao gm 1 bit Start 8 bit data v mt 1 stop.


b. Truyn thng kiu API
Truyn thng API l giao din lp trnh ng dng c ng dng cho cc module
Xbee nng cao kh nng truyn thng, gim xc xut li. C th m rng khung data
ty . Khi hot ng ch API tt c d liu vo ra thng qua Xbee u c mt
khung xc nh nh quy nh. Truyn khung d liu chn DI(pin3) bao gm: Khung
truyn d liu RF v khung truyn lnh (AT Command). Khung d liu nhn chn s
2 DO bao gm: Khung d liu nhn RF v lnh tr v.
Ch API cho php Xbee hot ng 3 ch :
AP=0: y l ch mc nh ca Xbee( truyn thng ni tip bnh thng).
AP=1: Hot ng ch API
AP=2: Hot ng ch API( vi k t thot).
Bt k d liu nhn trc khi bt u k t phn cch c m thm b i. Nu
khung d liu khng nhn c hoc checksum b li th d liu m thm c b qua.

11

Hot ng API cht 1 (AP=1)


Khi ch API c cho php th khung d liu c xc nh nh sau:

Hnh 1.8. Cu trc khung API ch 1

Khung bao gm 1 byte bt u 0x7E, 2byte di ca khung d liu , cc byte


d liu v byte checksum.
Ch API ch 2 (AP=2)
Khi hot ng ch 2 vi k t thot th khung API c xc nh nh sau:

Hnh 1.9. Khung API ch 2

K t thot: Khi truyn v nhn khung d liu UART, gi tr d liu c th phi


c nh du nh sau: Chn byte 0x7D trc k t cn xc nh l thot v Xor n vi
gi tr 0x20 bo thot.
V d khung d liu cn nh du bao gm:
0x7E xc nh khung.
0x7D- k t thot.
0x11 XON
0x13 XOFF
V vy khung d liu trc lc c nh du c dng nh sau: 0x7E 0x00 0x02
0x23 0x11 0xCB
Sau khi nh du n s tr v nh sau: 0x7E 0x00 0x02 0x23 0x7D 0x31 0xCB
v 0x11 c nh du bng cc XOR vi 0x20.

12

Tnh ton Byte Checksum nh sau : ly 0xFF- tt c cc byte tr byte xc nh


khung v cc byte di.
c. Cc kiu API
Khung API c cu trc nh sau:

Hnh 1.10. Cu trc c th khung API.

Khung API trong phn khung d liu bao gm c byte xc nh API v d liu.
Truyn thng vi 64 bt a ch.
API identifier : 0x00
Mt khung RF s gi i ti module RF ti module nhn.

Hnh 1.11. API truyn 64 bt a ch

Trong phn khung d liu Byte6-13 cha a ch ca ch mun gi n, nu


mun truyn kiu qung b th t l 0x000000000000FFFF. Byte 14 l ty chn 0x01
v hiu ha ACK, 0x04 gi d liu ti tt c PANID, tt c thit b khc l 0.
Truyn thng vi 16 bt a ch
Gi tr xc nh khung l 0x01
Mt khung RF s gi i ti module RF ti module nhn.

13

Hnh 1.12. API truyn 16 bt a ch

Trng thi truyn


Gi tr xc nh ca khung API l 0x89
Khi truyn thnh cng module s gi trng thi nh khun di y.

Hnh 1.13. Khung trng thi truyn.

Gi nhn 64 bt a ch
Gi tr API l 0x80 khi nhn c d liu n s gi ra UART mt bn tin nh
sau:

Hnh 1.14. Khung nhn 64 bt a ch

Gi nhn 16 bt a ch
Gi tr l 0x81. Khi nhn c gi data n s gi ra UART mt bn tin nh sau:

14

Hnh 1.15. Khung nhn 16 bt a ch

1.4. Tng quan v Arduino


Mi trng Arduino c thit k n gin cho ngi mi bt u s dng.
Khng phi phn mm hoc cc thit b in t thc nghim. Vi Arduino bn c th
xy dng mt d n p ng c cc yu cu v iu khin nh sng, m thnh, chuyn
ng Arduino c s dng to ta rt nhiu th tuyt vi nh nhc c, robot, iu
khc nh sng, tr chi, ni tht tng tc thm ch l qun o thng minh c kh
nng tng tc vi c th.
Arduino c s dng rt nhiu trong cc chng trnh gio dc trn ton th
gii, c bit i vi cc nh thit k v ngh s nhng ngi mun to ra nhng ci mi
c m khng cn am hiu su v vn ca k thut ca nhng th m h sng to
ra. Bi v Arduino c thit k s dng cho nhng ngi khng am hiu v k thut,
phn mm Arduino c rt nhiu v d c cung cp bi nh pht trin nn rt d dng
tip cn v s dng.
Mc d d dng s dng nhng Arduino c phn cng c thit k rt tinh t
nn cc k s c th d dng nhng n vo trong cc ng dng nhng. Ngi s dng
v pht trin cc ng dng nhng bng vi iu khin cng b thu ht bi Arduino do kh
nng phn cng tt v v phn mm tin dng d dng cho vic gii quyt cc tng.
Arduino c bit n nhiu nht l phn cng ca n, nhng phi c phn mm
lp trnh phn cng. C phn cng v phn mm gi chung l Arduino. S kt
hp cho php bn to ra cc d n c ngha v kim sot th gii vt cht. Cc phn
mm l t do, m ngun m thng qua mt nn tng. Cc board bn c th mua vi gi
r hoc bn c th t thit k vi m ngun schematic m. Ngoi ra, c mt s hot
ng lin quan ti Arduino c gii p bi din n Arduino trn ton th gii v
Wikimedia gi chung l sn chi Arduino.

15

a. Phn mm Arduino:
Phn mm Arduino c gi l sketches, c to ra trn my tnh c tch hp
mi trng pht trin(IDE). IDE cho php bn vit, chnh sa code v chuyn i sao
cho phn cng c th hiu. IDE dung bin dch v np vo Arduino (qu trnh s l
ny gi l UPLOAD).
b. Phn cng Arduino:
Phn cng Arduino l cc board Arduino ni thc thi cc chng trnh lp trnh.
Cc board ny c th iu khin hoc p tr cc tn hiu in, v vy cc thnh phn
c ghp trc tip vo n tng tc vi th gii thc cm nhn hoc truyn thng.
V d cc cm bin bao gm cc thit b chuyn mch, cm bin siu m, gia tc. Cc
thit b truyn ng bao gm n, motor, loa v cc thit b hin th.
c. ng dng ca Arduino
Trong thc t Arduino c rt nhiu ng dng bi kh nng x l linh hot, phn
cng d dng tch hp vo h thng khc. Do c th ng dng trong hu ht cc h
thng iu khin t ng t n gin l cc thit b bo chy bo ga, hay phc tp hn
l x l my in 3D.

Hnh 1.16. My in 3D

Mt cuc cch mng khc cng ang m thm nh hnh nh vo Arduino, l


s pht trin my in 3D ngun m Reprap. My in 3D l cng c gip to ra cc vt th
thc trc tip t cc file CAD 3D. Cng ngh ny ha hn nhiu ng dng rt th v

16

trong c cch mng ha vic sn xut c nhn. My in 3D l s tng ha ca k thut


v cng ngh lm cho cuc sng tr nn p hn nh cc ng dng ca n.

Hnh 1.17. Robot

Trong hnh trn Robot c lp trnh bi Arduino vi chc nng quay camera d
ng v truyn thng v my tnh. Trn my tnh s qun l v iu chnh hng ca
Robot. ng dng ny cng rt hay, c th ng dng trong cng nghip, dn dng hoc
qun s lm robot do thm..

Hnh 1.18. My bay khng ngi li

UAV l mt ng dng c bit thchhp vi Arduino do chng c kh nng x


l nhiu loi cm bin nh Gyro, accelerometer, GPS; iu khin ng c servo v
c kh nng truyn tn hiu t xa.

Hnh 1.19. Lp tnh game tng tc

17

Vic c cm bin v tng tc vi PC l mt nhim v rt n gin i vi


Arduino. Do rt nhiu ng dng game tng tc c s dng Arduino. Trong hnh trn
game c tng tc vi Arduino ngi dng c th iu khin cn chi game , trn
mn hnh LCD cng hin th cc chc nng bm v my tnh l giao din tng tc
ngi dng.

Hnh 1.20. iu khin hiu ng nh sng.

Cc tc v iu khin n gin nh ng ngt n LED hay phc tp nh iu


khin nh sng theo nhc hoc tng tc vi nh sng laser u c th thc hin vi
Arduino.
1.3. Kt lun chng
Trong chng ny chng ta tm hiu tng quan v mng cm nhn khng dy,
cu trc v cc ng dng ca n cho thy s pht trin ca mng cm bin v tm
quan trng i vi cuc sng ca chng ta. Vi s pht trin nh v bo ca khoa hc
cng ngh th lnh vc mng cm bin s c nhiu ng dng mi.

18

CHNG II
THIT K M HNH H THNG
2.1. M hnh h thng
2.1.1. S ng cnh h thng

Hnh 2.1. S ng cnh h thng gim st sc khe trong mng cm bin khng dy.

H thng c a ra bao gm mt thit b gim st nhp tim v nhit c


gn vo c tay ca bnh nhn. Tht b ny c kt ni vi mng cm bin khng dy
qua chun truyn thng Zigbee bng Arduino kt hp Xbee ZB24, ngoi ra cn c
ghp ni vi mng GSM qua modul SIM 900A. Khi bnh nhn nm trong vng mng
cm bin khng dy, d liu v nhp tim v nhit s c a v my ch cc bc
s theo di. Nhng khi bnh nhn i ra khi vng ph sng ca mng cm bin khng
dy th khi bnh nhn gp vn v sc khe (Nhp tim thay i bt thng hoc nhit
thay i), thit b s bo v s in thoi ca ngi thn hoc bc s thng bo tnh
hnh sc khe ca bnh nhn thng qua SMS.

19

2.1.2. S khi h thng

Hnh 2.2. S khi h thng

H thng gm cc khi nh hnh trn c kt ni vi nhau vi cc chc nng


c th sau:
a. Khi iu khin
Khi iu khin l modul Arduino Mega2560 c nhim v nhn d liu cm bin
nhit trn c th, v s nhp tim mi pht ca ngi bnh phn tch v a v my
tnh hoc gi v in thoi.

20

Hnh 2.3. Khi iu khin.

Arduino Mega2560 l board mch iu khin da vi iu khin ATMega 2560.


N c 54 chn I/O s (trong c 15 chn c th c s dng l u ra PWM), 16
u vo tng t, 4 UART (cng ni tip), s dng dao ng thch anh 16MHz, c kt
ni USB v c u ra 3.3V ghp ni vi cc IC hoc h thng s dng in p thp.
Arduino Mega2560 c bootloader nn c th np chng trnh trc tip t phn
mm lp trnh Arduino ln board thng qua kt ni USB.
Cc thng s c bn ca board mch Arduino Mega2560:
Vi iu khin

ATmega2560

in p s dng

5V

in p vo (khuyn dng) 7-12V


in p vo chun

6-20V

Chn I/O s

54 (Gm 15 chn c th l u ra PWM)

Chn tng t

16

21

Dng ra ti cc chn I/O

40 mA

Dng ra chn 3.3V

50 mA

Flash Memory

256 KB (Trong 8KB s dng cho Bootloader)

SRAM

8 KB

EEPROM

4 KB

Tn s dao ng

16 MHz

Bng 2.1. Cc thng s c bn ca Arduino Mega2560

b. Khi thu pht v tuyn


Khi thu pht v tuyn l module Xbee ZB24 c nhim v truyn d liu t h
thng v my tnh trung tm.

Hnh 2.4. Khi truyn pht.

Cc thng s k thut ca Xbee ZB24:


-

C ly truyn thng trong nh ln ti 30m

C ly truyn ngoi tri ln ti 90m

Cng sut truyn i l 1mW(dBm)

Tc truyn d liu RF l 250.000 bps

Tc d liu giao tip nhn ni tip l 1200 bps-250 kps.

nhy thu l -92dBm(1% t l gi li)

Ngun cung cp 2.8-3.4V

22

Dng truyn 45mA 3.3V

S dng di tn 2.4 GHz

Mng h tr: Point to Point, Point to MultiPoint, peer to peer.


-

Di nhit hot ng -40-85 C.

Cc chn ca Xbee ZB24


Tn

PIN

M t

VCC

Cung cp ngun

DOUT

u ra UART

DIN

u vo UART

D08

u ra chn s 8

Reset

Khi to trng thi ca Xbee

PWM0/RSSI

Chn bm xung, ch s di tn hiu Rx

PWM1

u ra bm xung 1

Khng dng

Not connect

DTR.SLEEP_RQ,DI8 iu khin sleep v u ra s8

10

GND

Ni t

11

AD4.DI04

u tng t4, hoc vo ra s 4

12

CTS.DIO7

C iu khin xa khi trn,vo ra s7

13

ON/SLEEP

Ch s trng thi module

14

VREF

in p tham chiu chn Analog

15

Associate/AD5/DIO5

Ch s kt hp, tng t5 v vo ra s 5

16

RTS/AD6/DIO6

C yu cu gi d liu, tng t6 v vo ra
s 6

17

AD3 / DIO3

tng t3 v vo ra s 3

18

AD2 / DIO2

tng t2 v vo ra s 2

23

19

AD1 / DIO1

tng t1 v vo ra s 1

20

AD0 / DIO0

tng t0 v vo ra s 0
Bng 2.2. Cc chn ca Xbee ZB24.

c. Khi GSM
Khi GSM: l modul SIM 900A c tc dng kt ni vi mng GSM, thng qua
s iu khin ca Arduino Mega2560 s gi tin nhn thng bo tnh hnh sc khe ca
bnh nhn v s in thoi ng k.

Hnh 2.5. Kt ni sim ti modul SIM 900A.

Hnh 2.6. Modul SIM 900A.

Cc tnh nng chnh ca SIM 900A


Tnh nng
Ngun cung cp
Ngun tit kim

M t thc thi
S dng in p t 3.4. n 4.5V
S dng in hnh ch ng vi dng 1.5mA

24

Cc di tn hot
ng

GSM850, EGSM900, DCS1800, PCS1900 c th tm


thy cc di tn mt cch t ng. Cc di tn c th c
thit lp bi cu lnh AT.
Tng thch vi pha GSM 2/2+

Lp GMS
Cng sut truyn ti

MS nh
Lp 4(2W) GSM850 v EGSM 900
Lp 1(1W) DCS 1800 v PCS 1900
Kt ni GPRS
GPRS nhiu khe mc nh trong lp 10
GPRS nhiu khe ty chn lp 8
GPRS trm di ng lp B
Di nhit
Hot ng bnh thng -30 n 80 C
Hot ng hn ch -40 n 30 v 80 n 85 C
Nhit lu tr l -45 n 90 C
D liu GPRS
Truyn d liu xung ln nht l 85.6 kbps
CSD
Truyn d liu ln ln nht 42.8 kbps
M ha chng trnh CS-1, CS-2, CS-3 v CS-4
SIM900 h tr cc giao thc PAP (Giao thc xc nhn
mt m) thng c s dng trong cc kt ni PPP.
SIM900 c tch hp giao thc TCP/IP
Cung cp gi chuyn mch knh iu khin qung b
(PBCCH).
Cc tc truyn CSD: 2.4, 4.8, 9.6, 14.4 kbps, khng
trong sut
H tr dch v d liu b xung phi cu trc
SMS
MODULE, MO, CB, Text v ch PDU
Lu tr SMS: th SIM
FAX
Nhm 1 lp 3
Giao tip SIM
Cung cp th SIM: 1.8, 3V.
An-ten ngoi
B m An-ten
Tnh nng Audio
Cc ch m ha ting ni:
Mt na tc (ETS 06.20)
Tc y (ETS 06.11)
Nng cao tc y (ETS06.50/ 06.60/06.80)
a tc thch nghi (AMR)
Trit ting di
Trit nhiu
Cng ni tip v Cng ni tip:
cng g li
Giao tip modem 8 dy vi cc ng trng thi v
ng d liu, khng cn bng, khng ng b.
1.2 kbps n 11.52 kbps
Cng ni tip c th s dng c cho lnh AT v lung
d liu.
H tr RTS/CTS bt tay phn cng v phn mm iu
khin lung ON/OFF.
Kt hp kh nng theo giao thc hp knh GSM 07.10

25

H tr cc tc baud t ng t 1200 bps n 115200


bps.
Cng g li (debug)
Giao tip 2 dy trng DBG_TXD v DBG_RXD
C th s dng g li hoc cp nht Fireware.
Qun l danh b
Cung cp cc kiu danh b: SM, FD, LD, RC, ON, MC.
B cng c p dng Cung cp SAT lp 3, GSM 11.14 release 99
cho SIM
Chc nng nh thi Lp trnh thng qua lnh AT.
c im vt l
Kch c: 24mmx24mmx3mm.
Trng lng 3.4g
Cp nht Firmware
Cp nht Firmware bi cng g li
Bng 2.3. Cc tnh nng chnh ca SIM 900A

Cc ch hot ng ca SIM 900A


Ch
GSM/GPRS
SLEEP

Chc nng
Ch ng GSM/GPRS: Module s t ng tr v ch
ng, trong iu kin ch ng c kch hot v khng
c khng kh v ngt phn cng (nh ngt GPIO v d liu
trn cng ni tip). Trong cc iu kin ny dng in cung
cp s l thp nht. Trong ch ng, module vn c th nhn
gi d liu v SMS.
GSM IDLE
Phn mm c hiu ha. Module c ng k ti mng GSM
v cc module sn sng kt ni.
GSM TALK
Kt ni gia hai thu bao trong tin trnh. Trong trng hp ny
cng sut tiu th c lp trn mng thit lp nh DTX on/off
FR/EFR/HR, nhy chui, an-ten.
GPRS STANDBY Module sn sng cho module truyn d liu GPRS, d khng
c d liu trn dng gi v nhn. Trong trng hp ny, cng
sut tiu th trn mng c thit lp v cu hnh GPRS.
GPRS DATA
C d liu truyn GPRS (PPP hoc TCP v UDP) trong tin
trnh. Trong iu kin ny, cng sut tiu th lien quan ti thit
lp mng. Tc d liu ln, xung v cu hnh GPRS.
Ch cng sut Bnh thng cng sut xung c gi bi lnh AT l
thp
AT+CPOWD=1 hoc s dng PWRKEY. n v qun l
cng sut thc hin bt v tt module. Phn mm c kch hot
khi c kt ni ti ngun pin v cng ni tip
Ch chc nng Lnh AT AT+CFUN c s ng thit lp cho module
nh nht
cung cp ngun thp nht. Trong ch ny phn RF v SIM
card s khng truy nhp c. Cng ni tip vn truy nhp
c.
Bng 2.4. Cc ch hot ng ca SIM 900A

Cc tp lnh cho SIM 900A

26

Cc thut ng.
<CR> : Carriage return (0x0D).
<LF> : Line Feed (0x0A).
Mobile Terminal: Thit b u cui mng (trng hp ny l module SIM900).
TE: Terminal Equipmen: Thit b u cui (my tinh, h vi iu khin).
Tp lnh thit lp v ci t tin nhn:
AT+CMGD
AT+CMGF
AT+CMGL
AT+CMGR
AT+CMGS
AT+CMGW
AT+CMSS
AT+CMGC
AT+CNMI
AT+CPMS
AT+CRES
AT+CSAS
AT+CSCA
AT+CSMP
AT+CSMS

Xa tin nhn sms.


nh dng vn bn tin nhn.
Danh sch tin nhn lu.
Lnh c tin nhn.
Lnh gi tin nhn.
Lu tin nhn vo b nh.
Gi tin nhn lu.
Gi sms lnh.
MODULE gi thng bo khi c tin nhn mi.
Cc tin nhn ring bit c lu.
Ci t li tin nhn.
Lu cc ci t cho tin nhn.
a ch dch vu tin nhn.
Ci t nh dng ch ca tin nhn.
La chn tin nhn dch v.
Bng 2.5. Lnh thit lp v ci t cho tin nhn SMS

Cc lnh c bit ca SIM 900A:


AT+CPOWD
AT+CMIC
AT +UART
AT+CALARM
AT+CADC
AT+ECHO
AT+CSMINS
AT+CMODULEE
AT+CMGDA

Tt ngun cung cp cho module.


Thay i ln ca microphone.
Cu hnh cho truyn thng ni tip.
Ci t hn gi.
c ADC.
Ci t ting vng cho cuc gi.
Cho bit sim gn vo hay cha.
c nhit hin ti ca module.
Xa tt c cc tin nhn.

Bng 2.7. Cc lnh c bit dnh cho SIM900.

d. Khi cm bin
Khi cm bin bao gm cm bin nhit DS18B20 v cm bin nhp tim.

27

Cm bin nhit DS18B20


c im:
Cc c im k thut ca cm bin DS18B20 c th k ra mt cch tm tt nh
sau:
S dng giao din mt dy nn ch cn c mt chn ra truyn thng.
C th o nhit trong khong -55 -> +125 oC.Vi khong nhit l -10C
to +85C th chnh xc 0.5C.C chc nng cnh bo nhit vc qua gi tr cho
trc.
in p s dng : 3 - 5.5 V, c th cu hnh m ha nhiu t 9 - 12 bit, s
bit cng ln th chnh xc cao hn. Thi gian chuyn i nhit ti a l 750ms cho
m ha 12 bit
Dng tiu th ti ch ngh cc nh.
Mi cm bin c mt m nh danh duy nht 64 bit cha trong b nh ROM
trn chip (on chip), gi tr nh phn c khc bng tia laze.
Nu cu hnh cho DS18B20 theo 9,10,11,12 bit th ta c chnh xc tng
ng l: 0.5C , 0.25C ,0.125C, 0.0625C.Theo mc nh ca nh sn xut nu chng
ta khng cu hnh ch chuyn i th n s t cu hnh l 12 bit.
Khi bt u chuyn i nhit th chn DQ s c ko xung mc thp v khi chuyn
i xong th mc cao. Nh vy ta s cn c vo hin tng ny xc nh khi no
chuyn i xong nhit .
Nh vy ta c th thy DS18B20 c chnh xc rt cao, c th p dng o
thn nhit c th.

28

Hnh 2.7. Cm bin nhit DS18B20.

Cc tp lnh ca DS18B20
READ ROM (33h)
Cho php c ra 8 byte m khc bng laser trn ROM, bao gm: 8 bit m nh
tn linh kin (10h), 48 bit s xut xng, 8 bit kim tra CRC. Lnh ny ch dng khi
trn bus c 1 cm bin DS1820, nu khng s xy ra xung t trn bus do tt c cc thit
b t cng p ng.
MATCH ROM (55h)
Lnh ny c gi i cng vi 64 bit ROM tip theo, cho php b iu khin bus
chn ra ch mt cm bin DS1820 c th khi trn bus c nhiu cm bin DS1820 cng
ni vo. Ch c DS1820 no c 64 bit trn ROM trung khp vi chui 64 bit va c
gi ti mi p ng li cc lnh v b nh tip theo. Cn cc cm bin DS1820 c 64
bit ROM khng trng khp s tip tc ch mt xung reset. Lnh ny c s dng c
trong trng hp c mt cm bin mt dy, c trong trng hp c nhiu cm bin mt
dy.

29

SKIP ROM (CCh)


Lnh ny cho php thit b iu khin truy nhp thng n cc lnh b nh ca
DS1820 m khng cn gi chui m 64 bit ROM. Nh vy s tit kim c thi gian
ch i nhng ch mang hiu qu khi trn b ch c mt cm bin.
SEARCH ROM (F0h)
Lnh ny cho php b iu khin bus c th d tm c s lng thnh vin t
ang c u vo bus v cc gi tr c th trong 64 bit ROM ca chng bng mt chu
trnh d tm.
ALARM SEARCH (ECh)
Tin trnh ca lnh ny ging ht nh lnh Search ROM, nhng cm bin DS1820
ch p ng lnh ny khi xut hin iu kin cnh bo trong php o nhit cui cng.
iu kin cnh bo y c nh ngha l gi tr nhit o c ln hn gi tr TH
v nh hn gi tr TL l hai gi tr nhit cao nht v nhit thp nht c t
trn thanh ghi trong b nh ca cm bin.
Sau khi thit b ch (thng l mt vi iu khin) s dng cc lnh ROM nh
a ch cho cc cm bin mt dy ang c u vo bus, thit b ch s a ra cc lnh
chc nng DS1820. Bng cc lnh chc nng thit b ch c th c ra v ghi vo b
nh nhp (scratchpath) ca cm bin DS1820 khi to qu trnh chuyn i gi tr nhit
o c v xc nh ch cung cp in p ngun. Cc lnh chc nng c th c
m t ngn gn nh sau:
WRITE SCRATCHPAD (4Eh)
Lnh ny cho php ghi 2 byte d liu vo b nh nhp ca DS1820. Byte u
tin c ghi vo thanh ghi TH (byte 2 ca b nh nhp) cn byte th hai c ghi vo
thanh ghi TL (byte 3 ca b nh nhp). D liu truyn theo trnh t u tin l bit c
ngha nht v k tip l nhng bit c ngha gim dn. C hai byte ny phi c ghi
trc khi thit b ch xut ra mt xung reset hoc khi c d liu khc xut hin.
READ SCRATCHPAD (BEh)

30

Lnh ny cho php thit b ch c ni dung b nh nhp. Qu trnh c bt u


t bit c ngha nhy ca byte 0 v tip tc cho n byte rh 9 (byte 8 CRC). Thit b
ch c th xut ra mt xung reset lm dng qu trnh c bt k lc no nu nh ch
c mt phn ca d liu trn b nh nhp cn c c.
COPYSCRATCHPAD (48h)
Lnh ny copy ni dung ca hai thanh ghi TH v TL (byte 2 v byte 3) vo b
nh EEPROM. Nu cm bin c s dng trong ch d cp ngun l bt u vic o.
CONVERT T (44h)
Lnh ny khi ng mt qu trnh o v chuyn i gi tr nhit thnh s (nh
phn). Sau khi chuyn i gi tr kt qu o nhit c lu tr trn thanh ghi nhit
2 byte trong b nh nhp Thi gian chuyn i khng qu 200 ms, trong thi gian
ang chuyn i nu thc hin lnh c th cc gi tr c ra u bng 0.
READ POWER SUPPLY (B4h)
Mt lnh c tip sau lnh ny s cho bit DS1820 ang s dng ch cp
ngun nh th no, gi tr c c bng 0 nu cp ngun bng chnh ng dn d liu
v bng 1 nu cp ngun qua mt ng dn ring.
Cm bin nhp tim
Cm bin nhp tim c xy dng trn mch cm bin SPO2 bng hng ngoi.

Hnh 2.8. S mch o nhp tim bng hng ngoi.

e. Khi ngun
Khi ngun bao gm 2 pin Lithium 3,7V c ghp ni tip thnh ngun nui
cho ton b h thng

31

Hnh 2.9. Pin Lithium cung cp ngun cho h thng.

Ngoi ra trn board Arduino, khi ngun cn IC h p NCP1117-5V n p 5V


cho board mch Arduino, ng thi c IC h p LP2985-33 h p 3,3V c s dng
cung cp ngun cho Xbee ZB24. Khi ngun cn mch h p 4,1V s dng cung cp
ngun cho modul SIM900 s dng IC LM317.

Hnh 2.10. Mch n p 5V cung cp ngun cho board mch Arduino.

Hnh 2.11. Mch n p 3,3V c s dng cung cp ngun cho Xbee ZB24.

Hnh 2.12. Mch n p 4,1V dnh cho Modul SIM900.

32

2.2. Phn tch hot ng h thng gim st nhit , nhp tim v gi tin nhn SMS
qua mng GSM.
2.2.1. Gim st nhp tim da trn lng SpO2
a. SpO2 v s pht trin ca phng php o mch da trn SpO2
Khi chng ta th oxy s vo phi. Mu m thnh phn quan trng nht ca mu
l Hemoglobine (Hb) s vn chuyn oxy t phi n cc ni cn thit trong c th
m bo s sng. S vn chuyn xy ra khi Hb kt hp vi oxy thnh HbO2.
T l

gi l bo ha oxy trong mu, ni cch khc l t l phn trm

hemoglobine ca mu kt hp vi Oxy. bo ha oxy trong mu nu c o trn


thc t c gi l SaO2, cn nu c o da trn mch p c gi l SpO2.
n nm 1935, vi s pht minh ra thit b th s u tin da vo 2 bc sng
chnh l v xanh dng t dy tai dng o SpO2, Matthes c nhc n nh
ngi u tin tm ra phng php kho st oxy trong mu. Thit b ny vp phi 2
nhc im:
1. S dn truyn nh sng qua di tai b nh hng bi cc yu khc ngoi Hb
nh sc t da.
2. N khng phn bit c HbO2 no l ca ng mch, HbO2 no l ca tnh
mch.
n nm 1949, Wood pht trin thm k thut trn bng cch a vo 1
thit b c kh nng cm bin vi mch p. Nhng sau , k thut ny b nh tr
li v k do kinh ph. Mi n khi c tp on Nihon Kohden ti tr, nm 1972,
Aoyagi chnh thc cho ra i my o oxy da vo mch p (Pulse oxymetri).
S ra i ca my o Oxy da vo mch p vo nhng nm 1970 loi b
nhng nhc im ca my o oxy trc y. im c bit ca my o Oxy da vo
mch p l b phn tip nhn nh sng ch nhn cc sng nh sng c cng dao
ng. u d ca n s t quanh ngn tay. iu ny cho php my o oxy da vo
mch p ch pht hin ra cc Hb ca ng mch v n lm gim hoc loi b nhng sai

33

st to nn bi s hp thu nh sng ca nhng cu trc khng c mch p nh: m lin


kt v tnh mch.
n nm 1987, my o oxy da vo mch p c s dng rng ri cc
phng gy m M. Vi nm sau, SpO2 tr nn ph bin khp th gii.
b. Mch o xung nhp tim qua SpO2 trn u ngn tay

Hnh 2.13. S khi mch o nhp tim da trn SpO2.

Trong s khi ca mch o nhp tim, IR LED c s dng chiu sng vo


ngn tay ca ngi s dng bng nh sng hng ngoi. Khi cng nh sng hng
ngoi phn x li Photo Transistor s thay i theo huyt p trong cc u ngn tay. Mi
nhp tim, mu s y ra cc mao mch ngn tay lm thay i cng phn x hng
ngoi, khin in p u ra pha trn Photo Transistor thay i.

Hnh 2.14. S mch d nhp tim.

in p thay i pha trn Photo Transistor (ti im A) s c a qua mt


mch lc thng cao lc thnh phn mt chiu vo mch vi tn s ct cao:
=

1
2

0,6(

34

Sau khi c lc thng cao (B), tn hiu (theo nhp tim) s c khuch i ln
vi h s khuch i ti a

=1+

34 ln (C). Sau tn hiu c khuch

i s c lc thng thp (D) vi mc ch loi b tp nhiu tn s cao (do nh sng,


rung) vi tn s ct thp:
=

1
2

15(

Tn hiu cui cng c a vo so snh vi in p chun qua mch so snh


chuyn i t dng in p tng t sang dng in p s a v x l trong khi
iu khin. Tn hiu cui cng ti u ra (im E) l tn hiu mc 0 v 1, tng ng vi
khi c nhp tim p th u ra ra mc 1.
2.2.2. Hot ng ca h thng
H thng c gn trn c th ngi s dng vi cm bin nhp tim c gn
vo u ngn tay, cm bin nhit v mch h tr cm bin nhp tim c gn quanh
c tay.
Khi ngi s dng ang nm ngoi phm vi ca mng cm bin khng dy,
xung nhp tim c a v to ngt trn Arduino Mega2560, mi khi c ngt, Arduino
s m thi gian gia hai ln xung nhp a v tnh ra s nhp tim mi pht, ngoi ra
Arduino s c gi tr nhit c th ngi s dng, nu s nhp tim tnh c hay nhit
c th c du hiu bt thng th h thng s pht tn hiu cnh bo thng qua LED
v ci ng thi gi tin nhn n s in thoi ca ngi thn hoc bc s thng bo
tnh hnh sc khe ca ngi s dng.

35

Hnh 2.15. Khi ngi s dng ngoi phm vi ca mng cm bin khng dy.

Ngoi ra khi b m timer tng ln qu cao (Khong thi gian gia hai nhp tim
qu lu) th ng thi h thng cng lp tc thng bo v gi tin nhn cnh bo qua tin
nhn n s in thoi c ng k.

Hnh 2.16. Khi ngi s dng trong phm vi ca mng cm bin khng dy.

36

Khi ngi s dng ang nm trong phm vi ca mng cm bin khng dy th


mi khi c xung nhp tim a v Arduino, h thng s lp tc gi d liu nhit v
lng SpO2 o c (Do mch cm bin nhp tim a v mc tn hiu s 1 v 0 nn
lng SpO2 khi mc 1 c coi bng gi tr 100% v mc 0 l 0%) qua Xbee Zb24
v my tnh trung tm. T cc d liu ny, my tnh trung tm s phn tch v nh gi
tnh trng sc khe ca bnh nhn mt cch lin tc v chnh xc nht.

37

CHNG III
XY DNG PHN MM V KT QU
3.1. Xy dng phn mm
3.1.1. Lp trnh nhng vi nn tng Arduino
Mi trng Arduino c thit k n gin cho ngi mi bt u s dng.
Khng phi phn mm hoc cc thit b in t thc nghim. Vi Arduino bn c th
xy dng mt d n p ng c cc yu cu v iu khin nh sng, m thnh, chuyn
ng Arduino c s dng to ta rt nhiu th tuyt vi nh nhc c, robot, iu
khc nh sng, tr chi, ni tht tng tc thm ch l qun o thng minh c kh
nng tng tc vi c th.
Arduino c s dng rt nhiu trong cc chng trnh gio dc trn ton th
gii, c bit i vi cc nh thit k v ngh s nhng ngi mun to ra nhng ci mi
c m khng cn am hiu su v vn ca k thut ca nhng th m h sng to
ra. Bi v Arduino c thit k s dng cho nhng ngi khng am hiu v k thut,
phn mm Arduino c rt nhiu v d c cung cp bi nh pht trin nn rt d dng
tip cn v s dng.
Mc d d dng s dng nhng Arduino c phn cng c thit k rt tinh t
nn cc k s c th d dng nhng n vo trong cc ng dng nhng. Ngi s dng
v pht trin cc ng dng nhng bng vi iu khin cng b thu ht bi Arduino do kh
nng phn cng tt v v phn mm tin dng d dng cho vic gii quyt cc tng.
Arduino c bit n nhiu nht l phn cng ca n, nhng phi c phn mm
lp trnh phn cng. C phn cng v phn mm gi chung l Arduino. S kt
hp cho php bn to ra cc d n c ngha v kim sot th gii vt cht. Cc phn
mm l t do, m ngun m thng qua mt nn tng. Cc board bn c th mua vi gi
r hoc bn c th t thit k vi m ngun schematic m. Ngoi ra, c mt s hot
ng lin quan ti Arduino c gii p bi din n Arduino trn ton th gii v
Wikimedia gi chung l sn chi Arduino.
Phn cng Arduino: l cc board Arduino ni thc thi cc chng trnh lp
trnh. Cc board ny c th iu khin hoc p tr cc tn hiu in, v vy cc thnh

38

phn c ghp trc tip vo n tng tc vi th gii thc cm nhn hoc truyn
thng. V d cc cm bin bao gm cc thit b chuyn mch, cm bin siu m, gia tc.
Cc thit b truyn ng bao gm n, motor, loa v cc thit b hin th.
Phn mm Arduino: c gi l sketches, c to ra trn my tnh c tch hp
mi trng pht trin (IDE). IDE cho php bn vit, chnh sa code v chuyn i sao
cho phn cng c th hiu. IDE dung bin dch v np vo Arduino (qu trnh s l
ny gi l UPLOAD).
Cng nh cc ngn ng lp trnh khc, ngn ng trong Arduino s dng ngn
ng C. Cu trc mt chng trnh Arduino bao gm 2 phn chnh:
void setup()
{
Thc hin vic thit lp ban u cho cc ng dng.
}
void loop()
{
Vng lp thc hin chng trnh.
}
Hm setup() c s dng khi to gi tr cc bin, ch chn, bt u s
dng cc th vinHm setup ch thc hin mt ln khi cp ngun hoc reset Arduino.
Hm loop() c hiu nh l chng trnh chnh, thc hin cc chc nng c
lp trnh v c tnh lp li lin tc.

39

3.1.2. Lu thut ton chng trnh nhng


a. Chng trnh chnh

Begin

Khi to cc
chn I/O, tc
baud, thit lp
timer, khai bo
ngt EXT0

Chy timer 20ms

Ch ngt ngoi
EXT0 mc cao
Hnh 3.1. Lu thut ton chng trnh chnh.

Trong chng trnh chnh, ban u s khi to cc chn I/O, tc baud giao
tip vi Modul SIM900 v Xbee ZB24, thit lp timer trn 20ms s dng m thi
gian gia 2 nhp tim, t tnh ra s nhp tim mi pht. Khai bo ngt EXT0 l ngt
ngoi. Sau chng trnh khi chy timer v lun chy trong vng lp ch ngt ngoi.

40

b. Chng trnh timer


Begin

Chy timer 20ms

sai

Timer trn?

ng
Tng bin m
nhp tim ln 1
(beat++)

End
Hnh 3.2. Chng trnh timer.

Timer s trn sau 20ms, sau mi ln timer trn, bin m thi gian gia hai nhp
tim s c cng thm 1. Cn c vo bin m ny, h thng s tnh ton c s nhp
tim ca ngi s dng trn mi pht.

41

c. Chng trnh ngt ngoi


Begin

c nhit t cm
bin DS18B20

Ly 3000 chia cho s


bin m nhp tim
m trong timer
(60000/(20*beat))

Thit t li bin m
nhp tim li bng 0
beat=0

Nhp tim hay thn


nhit gp vn ?

ng

Gi tin nhn
n s in
thoi t sn
thng bo

Sai
End
Hnh 3.3. Chng trnh ngt ngoi.

Khi c mc cao ti chn EXT0 (Chn D2) ca Arduino Mega2560, tng ng


vi vic c 1 xung nhp tim c a v t cm bin, chng trnh s nhy vo ngt v
thc hin c nhit t DS18B20, sau chng trnh s ly bin m nhp tim ang
m trong timer (beat) v cn c vo bin tnh ra s nhp tim bng cng thc:

60000
20 (
)

42

Sau khi tnh c nhp tim trn mi pht ca ngi s dng, bin m (beat)
c thit lp li bng 0 m li vi xung nhp tim tip theo.
Cn c vo nhit v nhp tim nhn v tnh ton c, h thng s gi tin
nhn v s in thoi t sn cnh bo v tnh hnh sc khe nu nhp tim ln hn
130 nhp (nhp tim tng) hay nh hn 60 nhp (nhp tim gim) hay thn nhit tng cao
qu 38oC hoc thp qu 36oC.
3.2. Kt qu t c
3.2.1. Hnh nh h thng thc t
Kt qu t c l 1 mch cng bao gm cc thnh phn:

Hnh 3.4. Hnh nh thc t h thng.

Khi iu khin l board mch Arduino Mega2560 c ghp ni cng khi thu
pht Xbee ZB24.
Khi GSM c ghp ni ngoi, l modul SIM900, khe cm sim v cc thnh
phn ph tr i km.

43

Khi cm bin bao gm cm bin nhp tim c thit k chp vo ngn tay
ngi s dng. Mch cm bin v cm bin nhit s c gn vo c tay.
Ngun s dng cung cp cho ton h thng l 2 pin Lithium 3,7V c ghp ni
tip. Ngun cung cp cho Xbee ZB24 l 3,3V, c h p trong board Arduino
Mega2560 qua IC LP2985-33, v ngun cung cp cho modul SIM900 l 4V c h p
qua IC LM317.
3.2.2. Hnh nh hot ng ca h thng
Trong thc t khi cm bin s c gn vo tay bnh nhn, ng thi phn cn
li s c ng hp v eo bn hng.

a)

b)
Hnh 3.5. H thng c gn vo tay bnh nhn.

a) Mt cm bin c chp vo ngn tay v mch cm bin c t trn c tay.


b) Cm bin nhit c t di c tay.
Ban u mi khi ng, h thng s thu thp d liu thn nhit v nhp tim ca
ngi s dng v gi v s in thoi mt bn tin vi c php
H thng bt u hot ng:
Nhit : <Thn nhit> oC
Nhp tim: <Nhp tim> bmp

44

Hnh 3.7. H thng gi tin nhn khi mi khi ng.

Ngoi ra d liu nhp tim v thn nhit ngi bnh c th c gi qua mng
cm bin khng dy v my tnh v hin th mt cch trc quan.

Hnh 3.6. H thng chy c test trn my tnh

45

KT LUN
Mng cm bin khng dy hin nay ang c p dng rng ri trong i sng
v nghin cu ti nhiu nc trn th gii.Mt u im ca mng cm bin khng dy
l tnh di ng cao, nh gn v s lng nt cm bin ln dn n vng ph sng ca
mng rng. Mt ng dng ca mng cm bin khng dy hin ang c trin khai l
p dng trong y t. Vi n tt nghip Thit k nt mng cm bin khng dy ng
dng trong y t, ti hon thnh xy dng mt nt cm bin nhp tim v nhit c
th - mt trong 5 du hiu chnh nhn bit s sng ca bnh nhn. Do mc ch l thit
k phc v n tt nghip nn h thng vn cn m, kch thc ln, cha tht s mang
tnh di ng. Ngoi ra sn phm lm hon ton th cng nn chnh xc vn cha cao,
cn nhiu v hot ng i khi khng n nh. Trong tng lai h thng s c pht
trin hon ton thnh mt nt cm bin eo vo c tay ngi bnh vi kch thc nh
gn v mang tnh n nh cao.
Hng pht trin ca h thng l xy dng mt h thng c th cm bin nhiu
thng s c th khc, c ta GPS ca bnh nhn v kt ni vi mng intenet thng
qua 3G. Khi cc bc s ti bnh vin c th theo di c bnh nhn mt cch lin
tc thng qua server c bn hin th v tr cc bnh nhn, cc thng s c th bnh
nhn c cp nht lin tc.

46

TI LIU THAM KHO


[1] Miichael Margolis Arduino Cookbook
[2] Jeff Bachiochi Base Pulse Oximeter Circuit Cellar The magazine for
computer application.
[3] Google - https://www.google.com.vn/

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