Professional Documents
Culture Documents
LI NI U............................................................................................................. 1
CHNG I ................................................................................................................. 2
C S L THUYT .................................................................................................. 2
1.1. Tng quan v mng cm bin khng dy........................................................... 2
1.1.1. Khi nim................................................................................................... 2
1.1.2. Node cm bin ........................................................................................... 2
1.1.3. c im ca cu trc mng cm bin ........................................................ 2
1.1.4. u nhc im ca mng cm bin khng dy .......................................... 3
1.1.5. ng dng ca mng cm bin khng dy ................................................... 4
1.2. Khi qut v ZigBee/ IEEE 802.15.4................................................................. 4
1.2.1. Khi nim................................................................................................... 4
1.2.2. c im .................................................................................................... 4
1.3. Tng quan v Xbee ZB24 ................................................................................. 9
1.3.1. Thng s k thut ....................................................................................... 9
1.3.2. Truyn thng Xbee ................................................................................... 10
1.4. Tng quan v Arduino .................................................................................... 15
1.3. Kt lun chng: ............................................................................................. 18
CHNG II .............................................................................................................. 19
THIT K M HNH H THNG .......................................................................... 19
2.1. M hnh h thng ............................................................................................ 19
2.1.1. S ng cnh h thng .......................................................................... 19
2.1.2. S khi h thng.................................................................................. 20
2.2. Phn tch hot ng h thng gim st nhit , nhp tim v gi tin nhn SMS
qua mng GSM. ..................................................................................................... 33
MC LC HNH NH
Hnh 1.1: Cu trc lin kt mng .................................................................................. 5
Hnh 1.2: Cu trc mng hnh sao................................................................................. 6
Hnh 1.3: Cu trc mng mesh ..................................................................................... 7
Hnh 1.4: Cu trc mng hnh cy ................................................................................ 8
Hnh 1.5. Hnh nh Xbee ZB24.................................................................................... 9
Hnh 1.6. Hot ng truyn thng RF ........................................................................ 11
Hnh 1.7. Khung truyn UART .................................................................................. 11
Hnh 1.8. Cu trc khung API ch 1...................................................................... 12
Hnh 1.9. Khung API ch 2 ................................................................................ 12
Hnh 1.10. Cu trc c th khung API. ...................................................................... 13
Hnh 1.11. API truyn 64 bt a ch .......................................................................... 13
Hnh 1.12. API truyn 16 bt a ch .......................................................................... 14
Hnh 1.13. Khung trng thi truyn. ........................................................................... 14
Hnh 1.14. Khung nhn 64 bt a ch......................................................................... 14
Hnh 1.15. Khung nhn 16 bt a ch......................................................................... 15
Hnh 1.16. My in 3D ................................................................................................ 16
Hnh 1.17. Robot ....................................................................................................... 17
Hnh 1.18. My bay khng ngi li.......................................................................... 17
Hnh 1.19. Lp tnh game tng tc .......................................................................... 17
Hnh 1.20. iu khin hiu ng nh sng................................................................... 18
Hnh 2.1. S ng cnh h thng gim st sc khe trong mng cm bin khng dy.
.................................................................................................................................. 19
Hnh 2.2. S khi h thng ................................................................................... 20
Hnh 2.3. Khi iu khin. ......................................................................................... 21
LI CM N
Em xin chn thnh cm n:
Thy gio Phm Quc Thnh B mn Cng ngh in t - Khoa cng
ngh in t v Truyn thng i hc Cng ngh Thng tin v Truyn
thng Thi Nguyn.
Ch nhim d n Exploring future university development cooperation
in rural North Vietnam supported by existing partnerships: a harvest and
seed approach- m s ZEIN2011Z099.
Cng cc thy c gio trong Khoa Cng ngh in t v Truyn thng i hc
Cng ngh thng tin v Truyn thng to mi iu kin gip em trong sut thi
gian thc hin n.
Dng V Kin
LI NI U
Mng cm bin khng dy hin nay ang c p dng rng ri trong i sng
v nghin cu ti nhiu nc trn th gii. Mt u im ca mng cm bin khng dy
l tnh di ng cao, nh gn v s lng nt cm bin ln dn n vng ph sng ca
mng rng. WSN cung cp rt nhiu nhng ng dng hu ch nhiu lnh vc trong
cuc sng.
-
ng dng cc ta nh t ng.
CHNG I
C S L THUYT
1.1. Tng quan v mng cm bin khng dy
1.1.1. Khi nim
Mng cm bin khng dy (WSN) c th hiu n gin l mng lin kt cc
node vi nhau bng kt ni sng v tuyn (RF connection) trong cc node mng
thng l cc thit b n gin, nh gn, gi thnh thp v c s lng ln, c
phn b mt cch khng c h thng (non-topology) trn mt din tch rng (phm vi
hot ng rng), s dng ngun nng lng hn ch (pin), c thi gian hot ng lu
di( vi thng n vi nm) v c th hot ng trong mi trng khc nhit (cht c,
nhim, nhit ).
1.1.2. Node cm bin
Mt node cm bin c cu to bi 3 thnh phn c bn sau: vi iu khin,
sensor, b pht radio. Ngoi ra, cn c cc cng kt ni my tnh.
-
B pht radio: Bi v node cm bin l thnh phn quan trng nht trong
WSN, do vy vic thit k cc node cm bin sao cho c th tit kim
c ti a ngun nng lng l vn quan trng hng u.
Kh nng m rng.
D lp t v trin khai.
D dng m rng.
ng dng cc ta nh t ng.
M t cc chn
Tn
PIN
Hot
M t
ng
#
1
VCC
DOUT
Output
u ra UART
DIN
Input
u vo UART
Cung cp ngun
D08
output
u ra chn s 8
Reset
input
PWM0/RSSI
output
Chn bm xung, ch s di tn
hiu Rx
PWM1
output
u ra bm xung 1
Khng dng
DTR.SLEEP_RQ,DI8
10
GND
11
AD4.DI04
C hai
12
CTS.DIO7
C hai
Not connect
input
-
iu khin sleep v u ra s8
Ni t
ra s7
13
ON/SLEEP
Output
14
VREF
input
15
Ch s kt hp, tng t5 v vo
ra s 5
16
C hai
C yu cu gi d liu, tng
t6 v vo ra s 6
17
AD3 / DIO3
C hai
tng t3 v vo ra s 3
18
AD2 / DIO2
C hai
tng t2 v vo ra s 2
19
AD1 / DIO1
C hai
tng t1 v vo ra s 1
20
AD0 / DIO0
C hai
tng t0 v vo ra s 0
10
11
12
Khung API trong phn khung d liu bao gm c byte xc nh API v d liu.
Truyn thng vi 64 bt a ch.
API identifier : 0x00
Mt khung RF s gi i ti module RF ti module nhn.
13
Gi nhn 64 bt a ch
Gi tr API l 0x80 khi nhn c d liu n s gi ra UART mt bn tin nh
sau:
Gi nhn 16 bt a ch
Gi tr l 0x81. Khi nhn c gi data n s gi ra UART mt bn tin nh sau:
14
15
a. Phn mm Arduino:
Phn mm Arduino c gi l sketches, c to ra trn my tnh c tch hp
mi trng pht trin(IDE). IDE cho php bn vit, chnh sa code v chuyn i sao
cho phn cng c th hiu. IDE dung bin dch v np vo Arduino (qu trnh s l
ny gi l UPLOAD).
b. Phn cng Arduino:
Phn cng Arduino l cc board Arduino ni thc thi cc chng trnh lp trnh.
Cc board ny c th iu khin hoc p tr cc tn hiu in, v vy cc thnh phn
c ghp trc tip vo n tng tc vi th gii thc cm nhn hoc truyn thng.
V d cc cm bin bao gm cc thit b chuyn mch, cm bin siu m, gia tc. Cc
thit b truyn ng bao gm n, motor, loa v cc thit b hin th.
c. ng dng ca Arduino
Trong thc t Arduino c rt nhiu ng dng bi kh nng x l linh hot, phn
cng d dng tch hp vo h thng khc. Do c th ng dng trong hu ht cc h
thng iu khin t ng t n gin l cc thit b bo chy bo ga, hay phc tp hn
l x l my in 3D.
Hnh 1.16. My in 3D
16
Trong hnh trn Robot c lp trnh bi Arduino vi chc nng quay camera d
ng v truyn thng v my tnh. Trn my tnh s qun l v iu chnh hng ca
Robot. ng dng ny cng rt hay, c th ng dng trong cng nghip, dn dng hoc
qun s lm robot do thm..
17
18
CHNG II
THIT K M HNH H THNG
2.1. M hnh h thng
2.1.1. S ng cnh h thng
Hnh 2.1. S ng cnh h thng gim st sc khe trong mng cm bin khng dy.
19
20
ATmega2560
in p s dng
5V
6-20V
Chn I/O s
Chn tng t
16
21
40 mA
50 mA
Flash Memory
SRAM
8 KB
EEPROM
4 KB
Tn s dao ng
16 MHz
22
PIN
M t
VCC
Cung cp ngun
DOUT
u ra UART
DIN
u vo UART
D08
u ra chn s 8
Reset
PWM0/RSSI
PWM1
u ra bm xung 1
Khng dng
Not connect
10
GND
Ni t
11
AD4.DI04
12
CTS.DIO7
13
ON/SLEEP
14
VREF
15
Associate/AD5/DIO5
Ch s kt hp, tng t5 v vo ra s 5
16
RTS/AD6/DIO6
C yu cu gi d liu, tng t6 v vo ra
s 6
17
AD3 / DIO3
tng t3 v vo ra s 3
18
AD2 / DIO2
tng t2 v vo ra s 2
23
19
AD1 / DIO1
tng t1 v vo ra s 1
20
AD0 / DIO0
tng t0 v vo ra s 0
Bng 2.2. Cc chn ca Xbee ZB24.
c. Khi GSM
Khi GSM: l modul SIM 900A c tc dng kt ni vi mng GSM, thng qua
s iu khin ca Arduino Mega2560 s gi tin nhn thng bo tnh hnh sc khe ca
bnh nhn v s in thoi ng k.
M t thc thi
S dng in p t 3.4. n 4.5V
S dng in hnh ch ng vi dng 1.5mA
24
Cc di tn hot
ng
Lp GMS
Cng sut truyn ti
MS nh
Lp 4(2W) GSM850 v EGSM 900
Lp 1(1W) DCS 1800 v PCS 1900
Kt ni GPRS
GPRS nhiu khe mc nh trong lp 10
GPRS nhiu khe ty chn lp 8
GPRS trm di ng lp B
Di nhit
Hot ng bnh thng -30 n 80 C
Hot ng hn ch -40 n 30 v 80 n 85 C
Nhit lu tr l -45 n 90 C
D liu GPRS
Truyn d liu xung ln nht l 85.6 kbps
CSD
Truyn d liu ln ln nht 42.8 kbps
M ha chng trnh CS-1, CS-2, CS-3 v CS-4
SIM900 h tr cc giao thc PAP (Giao thc xc nhn
mt m) thng c s dng trong cc kt ni PPP.
SIM900 c tch hp giao thc TCP/IP
Cung cp gi chuyn mch knh iu khin qung b
(PBCCH).
Cc tc truyn CSD: 2.4, 4.8, 9.6, 14.4 kbps, khng
trong sut
H tr dch v d liu b xung phi cu trc
SMS
MODULE, MO, CB, Text v ch PDU
Lu tr SMS: th SIM
FAX
Nhm 1 lp 3
Giao tip SIM
Cung cp th SIM: 1.8, 3V.
An-ten ngoi
B m An-ten
Tnh nng Audio
Cc ch m ha ting ni:
Mt na tc (ETS 06.20)
Tc y (ETS 06.11)
Nng cao tc y (ETS06.50/ 06.60/06.80)
a tc thch nghi (AMR)
Trit ting di
Trit nhiu
Cng ni tip v Cng ni tip:
cng g li
Giao tip modem 8 dy vi cc ng trng thi v
ng d liu, khng cn bng, khng ng b.
1.2 kbps n 11.52 kbps
Cng ni tip c th s dng c cho lnh AT v lung
d liu.
H tr RTS/CTS bt tay phn cng v phn mm iu
khin lung ON/OFF.
Kt hp kh nng theo giao thc hp knh GSM 07.10
25
Chc nng
Ch ng GSM/GPRS: Module s t ng tr v ch
ng, trong iu kin ch ng c kch hot v khng
c khng kh v ngt phn cng (nh ngt GPIO v d liu
trn cng ni tip). Trong cc iu kin ny dng in cung
cp s l thp nht. Trong ch ng, module vn c th nhn
gi d liu v SMS.
GSM IDLE
Phn mm c hiu ha. Module c ng k ti mng GSM
v cc module sn sng kt ni.
GSM TALK
Kt ni gia hai thu bao trong tin trnh. Trong trng hp ny
cng sut tiu th c lp trn mng thit lp nh DTX on/off
FR/EFR/HR, nhy chui, an-ten.
GPRS STANDBY Module sn sng cho module truyn d liu GPRS, d khng
c d liu trn dng gi v nhn. Trong trng hp ny, cng
sut tiu th trn mng c thit lp v cu hnh GPRS.
GPRS DATA
C d liu truyn GPRS (PPP hoc TCP v UDP) trong tin
trnh. Trong iu kin ny, cng sut tiu th lien quan ti thit
lp mng. Tc d liu ln, xung v cu hnh GPRS.
Ch cng sut Bnh thng cng sut xung c gi bi lnh AT l
thp
AT+CPOWD=1 hoc s dng PWRKEY. n v qun l
cng sut thc hin bt v tt module. Phn mm c kch hot
khi c kt ni ti ngun pin v cng ni tip
Ch chc nng Lnh AT AT+CFUN c s ng thit lp cho module
nh nht
cung cp ngun thp nht. Trong ch ny phn RF v SIM
card s khng truy nhp c. Cng ni tip vn truy nhp
c.
Bng 2.4. Cc ch hot ng ca SIM 900A
26
Cc thut ng.
<CR> : Carriage return (0x0D).
<LF> : Line Feed (0x0A).
Mobile Terminal: Thit b u cui mng (trng hp ny l module SIM900).
TE: Terminal Equipmen: Thit b u cui (my tinh, h vi iu khin).
Tp lnh thit lp v ci t tin nhn:
AT+CMGD
AT+CMGF
AT+CMGL
AT+CMGR
AT+CMGS
AT+CMGW
AT+CMSS
AT+CMGC
AT+CNMI
AT+CPMS
AT+CRES
AT+CSAS
AT+CSCA
AT+CSMP
AT+CSMS
d. Khi cm bin
Khi cm bin bao gm cm bin nhit DS18B20 v cm bin nhp tim.
27
28
Cc tp lnh ca DS18B20
READ ROM (33h)
Cho php c ra 8 byte m khc bng laser trn ROM, bao gm: 8 bit m nh
tn linh kin (10h), 48 bit s xut xng, 8 bit kim tra CRC. Lnh ny ch dng khi
trn bus c 1 cm bin DS1820, nu khng s xy ra xung t trn bus do tt c cc thit
b t cng p ng.
MATCH ROM (55h)
Lnh ny c gi i cng vi 64 bit ROM tip theo, cho php b iu khin bus
chn ra ch mt cm bin DS1820 c th khi trn bus c nhiu cm bin DS1820 cng
ni vo. Ch c DS1820 no c 64 bit trn ROM trung khp vi chui 64 bit va c
gi ti mi p ng li cc lnh v b nh tip theo. Cn cc cm bin DS1820 c 64
bit ROM khng trng khp s tip tc ch mt xung reset. Lnh ny c s dng c
trong trng hp c mt cm bin mt dy, c trong trng hp c nhiu cm bin mt
dy.
29
30
e. Khi ngun
Khi ngun bao gm 2 pin Lithium 3,7V c ghp ni tip thnh ngun nui
cho ton b h thng
31
Hnh 2.11. Mch n p 3,3V c s dng cung cp ngun cho Xbee ZB24.
32
2.2. Phn tch hot ng h thng gim st nhit , nhp tim v gi tin nhn SMS
qua mng GSM.
2.2.1. Gim st nhp tim da trn lng SpO2
a. SpO2 v s pht trin ca phng php o mch da trn SpO2
Khi chng ta th oxy s vo phi. Mu m thnh phn quan trng nht ca mu
l Hemoglobine (Hb) s vn chuyn oxy t phi n cc ni cn thit trong c th
m bo s sng. S vn chuyn xy ra khi Hb kt hp vi oxy thnh HbO2.
T l
33
1
2
0,6(
34
Sau khi c lc thng cao (B), tn hiu (theo nhp tim) s c khuch i ln
vi h s khuch i ti a
=1+
1
2
15(
35
Hnh 2.15. Khi ngi s dng ngoi phm vi ca mng cm bin khng dy.
Ngoi ra khi b m timer tng ln qu cao (Khong thi gian gia hai nhp tim
qu lu) th ng thi h thng cng lp tc thng bo v gi tin nhn cnh bo qua tin
nhn n s in thoi c ng k.
Hnh 2.16. Khi ngi s dng trong phm vi ca mng cm bin khng dy.
36
37
CHNG III
XY DNG PHN MM V KT QU
3.1. Xy dng phn mm
3.1.1. Lp trnh nhng vi nn tng Arduino
Mi trng Arduino c thit k n gin cho ngi mi bt u s dng.
Khng phi phn mm hoc cc thit b in t thc nghim. Vi Arduino bn c th
xy dng mt d n p ng c cc yu cu v iu khin nh sng, m thnh, chuyn
ng Arduino c s dng to ta rt nhiu th tuyt vi nh nhc c, robot, iu
khc nh sng, tr chi, ni tht tng tc thm ch l qun o thng minh c kh
nng tng tc vi c th.
Arduino c s dng rt nhiu trong cc chng trnh gio dc trn ton th
gii, c bit i vi cc nh thit k v ngh s nhng ngi mun to ra nhng ci mi
c m khng cn am hiu su v vn ca k thut ca nhng th m h sng to
ra. Bi v Arduino c thit k s dng cho nhng ngi khng am hiu v k thut,
phn mm Arduino c rt nhiu v d c cung cp bi nh pht trin nn rt d dng
tip cn v s dng.
Mc d d dng s dng nhng Arduino c phn cng c thit k rt tinh t
nn cc k s c th d dng nhng n vo trong cc ng dng nhng. Ngi s dng
v pht trin cc ng dng nhng bng vi iu khin cng b thu ht bi Arduino do kh
nng phn cng tt v v phn mm tin dng d dng cho vic gii quyt cc tng.
Arduino c bit n nhiu nht l phn cng ca n, nhng phi c phn mm
lp trnh phn cng. C phn cng v phn mm gi chung l Arduino. S kt
hp cho php bn to ra cc d n c ngha v kim sot th gii vt cht. Cc phn
mm l t do, m ngun m thng qua mt nn tng. Cc board bn c th mua vi gi
r hoc bn c th t thit k vi m ngun schematic m. Ngoi ra, c mt s hot
ng lin quan ti Arduino c gii p bi din n Arduino trn ton th gii v
Wikimedia gi chung l sn chi Arduino.
Phn cng Arduino: l cc board Arduino ni thc thi cc chng trnh lp
trnh. Cc board ny c th iu khin hoc p tr cc tn hiu in, v vy cc thnh
38
phn c ghp trc tip vo n tng tc vi th gii thc cm nhn hoc truyn
thng. V d cc cm bin bao gm cc thit b chuyn mch, cm bin siu m, gia tc.
Cc thit b truyn ng bao gm n, motor, loa v cc thit b hin th.
Phn mm Arduino: c gi l sketches, c to ra trn my tnh c tch hp
mi trng pht trin (IDE). IDE cho php bn vit, chnh sa code v chuyn i sao
cho phn cng c th hiu. IDE dung bin dch v np vo Arduino (qu trnh s l
ny gi l UPLOAD).
Cng nh cc ngn ng lp trnh khc, ngn ng trong Arduino s dng ngn
ng C. Cu trc mt chng trnh Arduino bao gm 2 phn chnh:
void setup()
{
Thc hin vic thit lp ban u cho cc ng dng.
}
void loop()
{
Vng lp thc hin chng trnh.
}
Hm setup() c s dng khi to gi tr cc bin, ch chn, bt u s
dng cc th vinHm setup ch thc hin mt ln khi cp ngun hoc reset Arduino.
Hm loop() c hiu nh l chng trnh chnh, thc hin cc chc nng c
lp trnh v c tnh lp li lin tc.
39
Begin
Khi to cc
chn I/O, tc
baud, thit lp
timer, khai bo
ngt EXT0
Ch ngt ngoi
EXT0 mc cao
Hnh 3.1. Lu thut ton chng trnh chnh.
Trong chng trnh chnh, ban u s khi to cc chn I/O, tc baud giao
tip vi Modul SIM900 v Xbee ZB24, thit lp timer trn 20ms s dng m thi
gian gia 2 nhp tim, t tnh ra s nhp tim mi pht. Khai bo ngt EXT0 l ngt
ngoi. Sau chng trnh khi chy timer v lun chy trong vng lp ch ngt ngoi.
40
sai
Timer trn?
ng
Tng bin m
nhp tim ln 1
(beat++)
End
Hnh 3.2. Chng trnh timer.
Timer s trn sau 20ms, sau mi ln timer trn, bin m thi gian gia hai nhp
tim s c cng thm 1. Cn c vo bin m ny, h thng s tnh ton c s nhp
tim ca ngi s dng trn mi pht.
41
c nhit t cm
bin DS18B20
Thit t li bin m
nhp tim li bng 0
beat=0
ng
Gi tin nhn
n s in
thoi t sn
thng bo
Sai
End
Hnh 3.3. Chng trnh ngt ngoi.
60000
20 (
)
42
Sau khi tnh c nhp tim trn mi pht ca ngi s dng, bin m (beat)
c thit lp li bng 0 m li vi xung nhp tim tip theo.
Cn c vo nhit v nhp tim nhn v tnh ton c, h thng s gi tin
nhn v s in thoi t sn cnh bo v tnh hnh sc khe nu nhp tim ln hn
130 nhp (nhp tim tng) hay nh hn 60 nhp (nhp tim gim) hay thn nhit tng cao
qu 38oC hoc thp qu 36oC.
3.2. Kt qu t c
3.2.1. Hnh nh h thng thc t
Kt qu t c l 1 mch cng bao gm cc thnh phn:
Khi iu khin l board mch Arduino Mega2560 c ghp ni cng khi thu
pht Xbee ZB24.
Khi GSM c ghp ni ngoi, l modul SIM900, khe cm sim v cc thnh
phn ph tr i km.
43
Khi cm bin bao gm cm bin nhp tim c thit k chp vo ngn tay
ngi s dng. Mch cm bin v cm bin nhit s c gn vo c tay.
Ngun s dng cung cp cho ton h thng l 2 pin Lithium 3,7V c ghp ni
tip. Ngun cung cp cho Xbee ZB24 l 3,3V, c h p trong board Arduino
Mega2560 qua IC LP2985-33, v ngun cung cp cho modul SIM900 l 4V c h p
qua IC LM317.
3.2.2. Hnh nh hot ng ca h thng
Trong thc t khi cm bin s c gn vo tay bnh nhn, ng thi phn cn
li s c ng hp v eo bn hng.
a)
b)
Hnh 3.5. H thng c gn vo tay bnh nhn.
44
Ngoi ra d liu nhp tim v thn nhit ngi bnh c th c gi qua mng
cm bin khng dy v my tnh v hin th mt cch trc quan.
45
KT LUN
Mng cm bin khng dy hin nay ang c p dng rng ri trong i sng
v nghin cu ti nhiu nc trn th gii.Mt u im ca mng cm bin khng dy
l tnh di ng cao, nh gn v s lng nt cm bin ln dn n vng ph sng ca
mng rng. Mt ng dng ca mng cm bin khng dy hin ang c trin khai l
p dng trong y t. Vi n tt nghip Thit k nt mng cm bin khng dy ng
dng trong y t, ti hon thnh xy dng mt nt cm bin nhp tim v nhit c
th - mt trong 5 du hiu chnh nhn bit s sng ca bnh nhn. Do mc ch l thit
k phc v n tt nghip nn h thng vn cn m, kch thc ln, cha tht s mang
tnh di ng. Ngoi ra sn phm lm hon ton th cng nn chnh xc vn cha cao,
cn nhiu v hot ng i khi khng n nh. Trong tng lai h thng s c pht
trin hon ton thnh mt nt cm bin eo vo c tay ngi bnh vi kch thc nh
gn v mang tnh n nh cao.
Hng pht trin ca h thng l xy dng mt h thng c th cm bin nhiu
thng s c th khc, c ta GPS ca bnh nhn v kt ni vi mng intenet thng
qua 3G. Khi cc bc s ti bnh vin c th theo di c bnh nhn mt cch lin
tc thng qua server c bn hin th v tr cc bnh nhn, cc thng s c th bnh
nhn c cp nht lin tc.
46
47