NIRMA UNIVERSITY M. Tech.

Electronics and Communication Engineering (Communication) SYLLABUS SEMESTER - I 3EC2111 Digital Communication Techniques LTPC 3 1 - 4

Baseband demodulation and detection, detection of binary signals in Gaussian noise, Bandpass modulation and demodulation: coherent and non-coherent detection, error performance of M-ary systems. Modulation and Coding Trade-Offs, Error Probability Plane- Nyquist Minimum BandwidthShannon Hartley Capacity theorem- Bandwidth Efficiency Plane-Modulation and Coding Trade Offs- Design and Evaluation of Digital Communication Systems- Bandwidth Efficient Modulation, Modulation and Coding for Band limited channels- Trellis-Coded Modulation. Communication link analysis, link budget analysis, noise figure, noise temperature. Synchronization, Receiver Synchronizer, Network Synchronization Encryption and Decryption, Models, Goals and Cipher systems- The Secrecy of a Cipher SystemPractical Security- Stream Encryption- Public Key Cryptosystems- Pretty Good Privacy, Tutorial: A minimum of eight assignments based on the topics of the syllabus and the recent trends in the area will be assigned to the students. Books: 1. Digital communications by Bernard Sklar 2. Digital Communication by J. G. Proakis., MH. 3. Digital Communication by B. P. Lathi. 4. Digital Communication by S. Haykins. 3EC2113 Antenna System Design LTPC 3 1 - 4

Review of Antennas - Properties of Antennas- Directivity, Gain, Effective Area, Path Loss, Antenna Radiation Arrays Linear Array of N Elements, Phased Arrays, Planar Array Aperture Distributions and Array Synthesis - Dipoles, Slots, and Loops Dipoles Located over Ground Plane, Monopole, Folded Dipole, Discone Antenna, Baluns, Small Loop Waveguide - Fed Slots, Waveguide Slot Arrays Microstrip Antennas and arrays - Microstrip Antenna Patterns, Quarterwave Patch Antenna, Circular Microstrip Patch, Compact Patches, Microstrip Dipole Horn Antennas - Rectangular Horn (Pyramidal), Circular Aperture Horn, Circular (Conical) Corrugated Horn Reflector Antennas - Paraboloidal Reflector Geometry, Dual Reflector Antennas, Spherical Reflector, Shaped Reflectors Lens Antennas - Single Refracting Surface Lenses, Zoned Lenses, Dual Surface Lenses Active antennas, Smart antennas, adaptive array, Phased array antennas. Traveling Wave Antennas - General Traveling Waves, Long Wire Antennas, Yagi-Uda Antennas, Helical Wire Antenna, Short Backfire Antenna, Tapered Slot Antennas, Leaky Wave Structures Frequency Independent Antennas - Spiral Antennas, Log Periodic Antennas

Phased Arrays - Fixed Phase Shifters or Phasers, Non-uniform and Random Element Existence Arrays, Feed Networks Adaptive Antenna & Digital beam forming, smart antenna for wireless communication Tutorial: A minimum of eight assignments based on the topics of the syllabus and the recent trends in the area will be assigned to the students. Books: 1. Modern Antenna Design 2nd Ed.,Thomas A. Milligan, Wiley 2. Antenna Thory and Design by C.A. Ballanis, 3 Ed, John Wiley 3. Antenna Handbook Vol I to IV by Lo and Hill 3EC2115 Statistical Signal Processing LTPC 3 1 - 4

Random Variables and stochastic processes: The concept of a random variable, probability distributions and density functions, functions of one random variable, statistical averages of random variables, characteristic functions, two random variables, order statistics, one function of two random variables, joint moments, covariance, stationary processes, wide sense stationary processes, non stationary processes and ergodic processes, Markov chains. Detection Theory: Hypothesis testing, Decision criteria, multiple hypothesis testing, detection of known signals in white noise, detection of signals with unknown parameters. Estimation Theory: Estimation of parameters, Bayes estimate, estimation of non-random parameters, properties of estimators, Linear Mean Square Estimation, Estimation of stationary Processes: The Wiener filter, Estimation of non stationary processes: The Kalman filter. Tutorial: A minimum of eight assignments based on the topics of the syllabus and the recent trends in the area will be assigned to the students. Books: 1. Probability, random variables and stochastic processes by A. Papoulis, TMH 2. Introduction to statistical signal processing with applications by M. D. Srinath, P. K. Rajsekaran, R. Viswanathan, PHI 3EC2106 Communication Simulation Laboratory LTPC - - 2 1

The laboratory work consists of exercise based on simulation of modulation techniques, Multiplexing techniques, and analog to digital conversion. Simulation using Matlab DSP and Communication Toolbox, Labview. SEMESTER II 3EC2211 RF Circuit Design LTPC 31 - 4

Introduction to RF Design: Importance, RF Behavior of passive components, Chip Components Transmission Line Analysis: Transmission line theory, examples, equivalent circuit, theoretical foundation, general trans line equation, Microstrip, terminated lossless line, special termination, sourced and loaded line The Smith Chart, Matching Networks, and Biasing Networks: Introduction of the Smith chart, plotting impedance, admittance, SWR, reflection coefficient etc on the Smith chart, Impedance

matching using discrete components, Microstrip line matching networks, amplifiers classes of operation and biasing Single and multiport networks: Scattering parameters Active RF Components and Modeling: RF Diodes, RF BJTs, FETs, High Electron Mobility Transistors; and their models RF Filter Design: Basic filter configurations, special filter e.g. Butterworth, Chebychev etc., filter implementation, coupled filter RF Transistor Amplifier Design: Characteristics, power relation, stability, constant gain, noise figure, VSWR, Special amplifiers like broadband, high-power, multi-stage and LNA Oscillators and Mixers: Principle of oscillation, High Frequency oscillators, Characteristics of Mixer RF Receiver and Transmitter System Parameters: Noise figure, sensitivity, selectivity, spurious performance, dynamic range, 1dB Compression, IP3, transmitted power, frequency stability, phase noise, ACPR, unwanted emissions, antenna considerations RF Integrated Circuit Design: Need to move from the lumped to integrated approach, trends and trade offs Tutorial: A minimum of eight assignments based on the topics of the syllabus will be assigned to the students. Books: 1. RF circuit design, theory & applications Reinhold Ludwig, Pavel Bretchko Pearson education LPE Year 2001 2. Microwave Engineering By David M Pozar 3. Samuel Y. Liao Microwave amplifier design- PHI 4. RF & Microwave Design Essentials - Matthew M. Radmanesh 3EC2212 Wireless Communications LTPC

3- - 3 Cellular communications: Cellular concepts, multi-user communications, Case studies of cellular systems. Wireless channel: multi-path fading and path loss in wireless channels, Physical modelling for wireless channels, input/output model of wireless channel, statistical channel models, frequency flat and selective channels, time varying and time invariant channels. Point to point communication: detection, various diversity techniques like time, frequency and antenna diversities, capacity of wireless channels, spatial multiplexing, multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems, space time coding, multi carrier systems, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM); Ultra wide-band Communication; Integration of Cellular and Satelite Communication. Books: 1. Fundamentals of Wireless Communication by D. Tse and P. Viswanathan, Cambridge Press 2. Wireless Communication by A. Goldsmith, (Cambridge press). 3. Principles and applications of GSM by V. K. Garg, (PH). 4. Wireless Communication by T. Rappaport. (Pearsoned Education) 3EC2213 Optical Communication and Networks LTPC 3- - 3

Introduction to Optical Networks: Telecommunication network architecture; Optical networks evolution; Optical layer, All optical networks, transmission basics.

Propagation of signals in fibers: Light propagation in optical fibers, Dispersion and attenuation, non linear effects, Solitons. System Components: Couplers, Isolators & Circulators, Multiplexers & Filters, optical amplifiers, Transmitters, Detectors and Receivers, Optical switches, Wavelength Converters. Client Layers of Optical layers: SONET/SDH, ATM, IP, Storage area networks. WDM Optical networks: WDM Network architectures, RWA problem, Wavelength continuous and convertible networks, Multifiber networks, Wavelength rerouting, Virtual topology design and reconfiguration, Traffic grooming, Optical multicasting, Survivable networks, Network control and management, Optical access networks. WDM Network Design: WDM network elements optical line terminals, optical line terminals, Optical Crossconnects, Cost trade offs, LTD and RWA problem RWA Algorithms: Routing Approaches, Wavelength selection approaches. Network Survivability: Failures and recoveries, Restoration schemes, Protection in SONET/SDH networks, Optical layer protection Schemes. Next generation Optical internet Networks: Optical Circuit switching, Optical burst Switching, Optical packet switching, MPLS in WDM Networks Optical Access Networks: Network architecture overview, Enhanced HFC, Pasive Optical networks. Books: 1. Optical Networks: A Practical perspective by R.Ramaswami and K.Sivarajan Elsevier 2. WDM Optical Networks by C Siva Ram Murthy and M.Gurusamy, PHI Pub 3. Lightwave Communication Systems:A Practical Perspective by R Papannareddy Penram International Publishing. 3EC2207 Communication System Design Lab LTPC - - 21

The laboratory work consists of exercise/ assignments based on design of Digital Communication System circuits using FPGA/DSP processors. Communication IP-core for FPGA/case study for selected topics, System level design using tools like Matlab, Accel DSP, NI-Labview. SEMESTER III 3EC2102 Adaptive Signal Processing LTPC 3 1 -4

Introduction to Adaptive Systems: Review of Stochastic process/ Random process models, Adaptive Systems, Linear Combiner, Basic Principles of Adaptive Filtering, Wiener Filters, Linear Prediction, Theory of Adaptation with stationary signals, The Least Squares problem , Methods of searching the performance surface: Gradient Search method, Adaptive Algorithms and Methods: LMS algorithm, Recursive algorithms, Lattice structures, Kalman filtering, Case study/Application of ASP. Tutorial: A minimum of eight assignments based on the topics of the syllabus and case studies will be assigned to the students. Books: 1. S. Haykin, Adaptive filter theory, 4th Edition, Pearson Education Asia, 2002. 2. Widrow and S.D. Stearns, Adaptive signal processing, Pearson Education Asia, 2002 3. Treichlor JohnR., Johnson RichardC Jr., Larimode Michel G., Theory and Design of Adaptive Filters, Prentice Hall India 2004

LTPC 3 - - 3 Introduction to Wireless Networks: Evolution, Challenges, and Overview; Different generations of Cellular Systems. Case study of GSM Multiple access techniques: Multiple access in a radio cell, Random access, conflict free multiple access technologies, spectral efficiency of FDMA, TDMA and DS-CDMA Systems. Mobility management in Wireless Networks: Call admission control, handoff management, location management, traffic calculation. Wireless/Wireline internetworking: Mobile IP, Mobile IPv6, Wireless application protocol, Mobile Ad hoc networks, Virtual private network, point to point tunneling protocol, Internet protocol security. Wireless Network Standards. Ad Hoc Routing Protocols: Issues in Designing a Routing Protocol for Ad Hoc Wireless Networks, TableDriven Routing Protocols, SourceInitiated OnDemand Approaches. Transport Layer: Issues and design goals of a Transport Layer Protocol for Ad hoc Wireless Networks - TCP over Ad hoc Wireless Networks Transport Layer Protocols for Ad hoc Wireless Networks: I-TCP, Freeze TCP, ATCP. Qos and Energy Management in Ad hoc Wireless Networks: Challenges in Providing QoS MAC, Network Layer Solutions; Need for Energy Management, Battery, Transmission Power, System Power Management Schemes Books: 1. Jon W. Mark, Weihua Zhuang, Wireless Communications and Networking, PHI, 2006 2. C. Siva Ram Murthy and B. S. Manoj, Ad Hoc Wireless Networks Architectures and Protocols, Prentice Hall, PTR, 2004. 3. C. K. Toh, Ad Hoc Mobile Wireless Networks Protocols and Systems, Prentice Hall, 2001. LTPC - - 2 1 The laboratory work, assignments, design problems/case studies using Matlab and DSP processors as follows: Number representation formats and arithmetic operations, Basic DSP operations: Filtering, Adaptive Filters and its application s to Communication Systems algorithms and its implementation, FFT, Random Number and other function generation algorithms, coding theory examples, Laboratory Project. 3SP1101 Communication Skills for Engineers LTPC 2 2 - 3EC2107 DSP Algorithms Lab

3EC2114

Wireless Networks

Meaning and Importance of Communication Skills. Process, Types of communication Barriers to effective communication. Kinesics (Non-verbal communication Proxemics, chronemics). Difference between Verbal and Non-verbal communication. Psychological and Cultural influence on communication. Introduction to Technical Writing. Characteristics of Technical Writing. SOTC (Society of Technical Communicators) on good Technical communication. Technical writing Technical discussion, Technical instructions (Users manual) Memorandum, Minutes of meetings, Correspondence techniques inviting experts, inviting quotation, complaint letters and letters of regret and adjustment. 1. Summarizing technical material. 2. Writing research papers.

Tutorial: A minimum of ten assignments based on the topics of the syllabus will be assigned to the students.

Books: 1. Basic Communication Skills for Technology Andrea J Rutherford (Person) 2. Technical Writing Process and Product Shron J. Gerson (Person) 3. Technical Communication Principles and Practices Meenakshi Raman (Oxford) 4. Business Correspondence and Report Writing R.C. Sharma, Krishna Mohan (Tata McGraw) SEMESTER IV Syllabus of Courses for Elective I and Elective II 3EC 22E4 Elective I 3EC2214 Data Compression and Standards LTPC 3 - - 3

Mathematical preliminaries of Data compression: Basics of information theory, Rate distortion theory. Models (Probability, Markov, Physical), Vector Spaces & Transforms (including wavelet) Coding: Huffman coding, adaptive Huffman coding, Golomb codes, Rice codes, arithmetic coding Dictionary techniques:LZ77,LZ78, Lempel-Ziv-Welch Coding, Predictive coding and standards Scalar and Vector quantization , Speech coding and differential ending algorithms and standards Transform coding: KLT,DCT, Discrete Walsh Hadamard Transform, Sub band coding Speech Compression standards, Image Compression Standards, Wavelet based compression Image Compression: JPEG, JPEG2000, Audio Compression: Video Compression: MPEG-1, 4,7,21. Compression algorithms for packet video and standards (H.261,H.264, H.323) Books: 1 Sayood, K, Data Compression, Morgan Kauffman, 2006 2 Saloman, Handbook of Data Compression 3 Drew & Li, Fundamentals of Multimedia, PHI, 2006 4 Halsall, Multimedia Communications, Pearson Edu Asia, 2004 5 Parekh Ranjan, Principles of Multimedia, TMH, 2006 3EC2224 Embedded System Design LTPC 3 - - 3

Introduction: Characteristics of embedded systems, applications, common design metrics, and design challenges. Processors: Superscalar and VLIW architectures, application specific instruction set processors (ASIPs), Digital signal processors (DSPs), Architecture of the ARM processor-Instruction set, programming model, Exception handling and processing, MMU, Instruction and Data Cache., Memory controller, AMBA Bus. I/O Management and Buses: ISA, EISA, PCI, PCI Express, PC104, Serial, Parallel ports, SPI, I2C, CAN, USB, Firewire.

Operating systems: Real-Time system concepts, Kernel structure, Task management, RTOS scheduling models, preemptive and cooperative inter task communication, Inter task communication & synchronization, Memory management, Process management, System call, Process scheduling, Memory management, Memory management strategy for system, Semaphores, Case study: RTX51 Tiny. Device Drivers: Introduction to Device Drivers, Purpose of a Device Driver, Types of Device Drivers, Calling a Device Driver, Device Driver Configuration, Place of a Device Driver in Digital UNIX, Device Controller, Example of Reading a Character. Embedded System Design: System design techniques, design methodologies, requirement analysis, specifications, system analysis and architecture design, quality assurance, design examples, Unified Modeling Language. Books: 1. Embedded System Design by Peter Marwedel, Springer, 2006 2. ARM System Developers Guide - Andrew Sloss, Dominic Symes, Chris Wright, Elsevier, 2006 3. Real Time Systems Theory and Practice by Rajib Mall, Pearson Education 2007 4. Computers as Components by Wayne Wolf, Morgan Kaufmann, 2001 3EC2234 Information and Coding Theory LTPC 3 - - 3

Information Theory: Entropy, relative entropy and mutual Information, channel capacity, Gaussian channel, network information theory. Coding Theory: Basics of Linear Algebra, linear codes, Hamming weight, Hamming bound, Block codes, Maximum Likelihood (ML) detection, syndrome decoding, Reed-Solomon codes, cyclic codes,Reed-Solomon code, convolutional codes, viterbi decoding, state diagrams, Trellis diagram, catastrophic encoders, soft decision decoding, Product codes, Maximum A Posteriori (MAP) detection, Turbo codes, EXIT chart, Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) codes Books: 1. Elements of Information Theory By Thomas M. Cover and Joy. A. Thomas, John Wiley 2. Error Control Coding By Shu Lin.

3EC2244

Satellite Communication

LTPC 3 - - 3

Introduction to satellite systems & application: Histrory, evolution of satellites, evolution of launch vehicles. Satellite orbits: Orbital parameters, basic principles of orbiting satellites, Different satellite orbits & their significance. Satellite launch & in-orbit operations: Launch sequence, acquiring desired orbit, stabilization , eclipse, earths azimuth & elevation angles, earth coverage & ground tracks. Satellite Sub systems: Mechanical subsystem, propulsion subsystem, thermal control subsystem, power supply sub system, Attitude & orbit control, Telemetry, tracking & command subsystem, Antenna subsystem, Payload. Communication Techniques: Type of the signals, Modulation techniques, multiplexing techniques, Multiple Access techniques- FDMA, SCPC, MCPC, TDMA, CDMA, SDMA. Satellite Link Design: Transmission equation, link design parameters, frequency considerations, propagation considerations, noise considerations, interferences, G/T ratio, Link budget.

Communication Satellites: Frequency bands, type of transponder, Comparison of satellite network with terrestrial network, satellite telephony, satellite television, satellite radio, satellite data broadcasting, VSAT. Navigation satellites: Doppler based, Trilateration based, Global Positioning System, GPSGLONASS. Other Satellite Systems: Remote sensing satellites, Weather satellites, scientific satellites, Military satellites Books: 1. 2. 3. 3EC2254 Introduction to Satellite Communication by Bruce R. Elbert, 2nd Ed., Artech house Publisher. Satellite Technology: Principles and Applications by Anik K. Maini , Wiely Publisher Satelite Communications by Dennis Roddy, 4th ed, 2006, MGH Telecom Networks and Traffic Engineering LTPC 3 - - 3

Introduction to Telecommunications Concepts: Dedicated, Switched, and Virtual Circuits, TwoWire versus Four-Wire Circuits, Loading Coils, Amplifiers, and Repeaters, Conversion Process: Modems and Codecs, Multiplexers, Switches and Switching, Signaling and Control. Public Switched Telephone Network: Network Characteristics, Numbering Plan Administration, Functional Domains, Regulatory domain, Rates and Tariffs, Carrier Domains and Network Topology, Signaling and Control, Network Services, Switched Transport Services, Virtual Private Network Services, Value-Added Services, Number portability, Equal Access, VoIP. Broadband Network Infrastructure: Access Technologies - Generic Digital Subscriber Line, Wireless Local Loop, Passive Optical Network, Access Broadband over Power Line, SONET/SDH. Broadband Network Services: Frame Relay, Switched Multimegabit Data Service, Asynchronous Transfer Mode, Metropolitan Ethernet, Broadband ISDN, Advanced Intelligent Networks. Tele-traffic Engineering: Modeling of telecommunication systems, ITU recommendations on traffic engineering, traffic and grade of service, Time Interval Distributions, Arrival Processes, Poisson process. Loss systems: Poisson distribution, General procedure for state transition diagrams, Evaluation of Erlang's B-formula, Loss systems with full accessibility, Binomial Distribution, Engset distribution, Overflow theory, Multi-Dimensional Loss Systems. Delay Systems: Erlang's delay system M/M/n, Traffic characteristics of delay systems, Waiting time distribution for M/M/n, FCFS, Applied Queuing Theory, Priority queuing systems: M/G/1, Queuing systems with constant holding times, Single server queuing system: GI/G/1. Books: 1 Telecommunications and Data Communications Handbook by Ray Horak, Wiley Interscience. 2 Broadband Telecommunications Handbook by Regis j. "bud" bates, McGraw Hill 3 Teletraffic Engineering and Network Planning by Villy b. Lversen 3EC2264 Speech and Image Processing LTPC 3 - - 3

Speech Processing: Production and Classification of Speech sounds: Introduction, Anatomy and physiology of speech production, categorization of speech sounds, Prodoy, speech perception, analysis and synthesis of Pole Zero speech models, STFT analysis and synthesis, wiener Filter based speech enhancement techniques, selected methods of speech enhancement. Speech Analysis and Synthesis. Speaker Recognition: Spectral features for speaker recognition, speaker recognition algorithms, non spectral features in speaker recognition.

Digital Image Processing: Image Fundamentals, Image Enhancement; Multiresolution Transform based Image Processing: Singular Value Decomposition, Discrete Wavelet Transform, Contourlet Transform, Statistical description of Images, PCA Transform; Image Segmentation: Detection of Discontinuities, Point Detection, Line Detection, Edge Detection, Edge Linking and Boundary Detection, Thresholding, Region-Based Segmentation.; Color Image Processing, Morphological Image Processing: Object Recognition: Object Representation, boundary descriptors, regional descriptors, regional descriptors, Parametric and Nonparametric Object Recognition Techniques, Pattern recognition Techniques and special topics on object recognition. Books: 1 Digital Image Processing by R. C. Gonzalez, R. E. Woods, Addison-Wesley. 2 Image Processing-The fundamentals, by Maria Petrou, Costas Petrou, Wiley, 2nd ed, 2010 3 Fundamentals of digital Image Processing by K. Jain, Prentice-Hall. 4 Discrete time speech signal Processing principles & practice by Thomos F. Quatieri, Pearson Education 3EC2274 Wireless Sensor Networks and Protocols LTPC 3 - - 3

Introduction: Evolution, Challenges, and Overview of wireless networks, Applications of Sensor Networks, Challenges and Hurdles in Sensor network design, Radio-frequency identification (RFID) Single-node architecture: Hardware components, Energy consumption of sensor nodes, Operating systems and execution environments, Physical layer and transceiver design considerations in WSNs Network architecture: Sensor network scenarios - single hop and multi hop, network, multiple sink/sources, Optimization goals and figures of merit - QoS, energy efficiency, scalability, robustness, Design principles for WSNs, Service interfaces of WSNs, Gateway concepts Time synchronization, Localization and positioning: Time synchronization problem, Protocols based on sender/receiver synchronization, Protocols based on receiver/receiver synchronization, Properties of localization and positioning procedures, Localization approaches- Proximity, Trilateration and triangulation, Single-hop and Multi hop localization Topology control: Aspects of topology-control algorithms, Controlling topology in flat networks and Hierarchical networks, Hierarchical networks by clustering, Hierarchical topologies and power control Link-layer protocols: Error control, Framing, Link management Medium Access Control: Fundamentals of MAC Protocols, Types of MAC protocols - ScheduleBased and Random Access- Based Protocols, Case Study- Sensor-MAC Routing: Problems in routing, Gossiping and agent-based unicast forwarding, Energy-efficient unicast, broadcast and multicast techniques, Geographic routing, Mobility support Transport layer and quality of service: Coverage and deployment, Reliable data transport, Single packet delivery, Block delivery, Congestion control and rate control, Case study CODA, ESRT; QoS and Energy Management. Books: 1 Protocols and architectures for wireless sensor networks, Holger Karl, Andreas Willig, John Wiley & Sons 2 Wireless sensor networks, Technology, protocols, and applications by Kazem Sohraby, Daniel Minoli, Taieb Znati, John Wiley Publications 3 Wireless Sensor Networks By C. S. Raghavendra, Krishna M. Sivalingam, Taieb Znati, Kluwer Academic Publishers 4 Networking Wireless Sensors by Bhaskar Krishnamachari, Cambridge University Press

3EC2284

RF IC Design

LTPC 3 - - 3

Background: History of radio and introduction to RF circuit design; Lumped, passive RLC networks; RF properties of IC components; Modeling Amplifiers at GHz frequencies: Tuned, narrowband RF amplifiers; Broadband RF amplifiers; Gainbandwidth enhancement techniques Front-end circuits: Noise (fundamental and exogenous); Low-noise amplifier (LNA) design; Mixers Background for understanding oscillators: Brief review of classical control; Describing function analysis; Phase noise in oscillators Oscillator circuit examples: Relaxation oscillators (Bose and ring); Tuned oscillators (Colpitts, Pierce, Clapp, cross-coupled) Synthesizers: Phase-locked loops (PLLs) Frequency synthesizers (integer-N, fractional-N).; Power amplifiers; Transceiver design examples. Books: 1 The Design of CMOS RF Integrated Circuits, Thomas Lee, 22n Ed., Cambridge, 2004 2 RF Microelectronics by Bezad Razavi, 1998, Prentice Hall 3EC2294 Analytical and Computational Electromagnetic LTPC 3 - - 3

Basics of Scientific Computing: Numerical error and convergence, Interpolation and extrapolation, Numerical integration and differentiation, Direct and iterative matrix equation solvers. Review of Electromagnetic Theory: Maxwell's equations, Boundary conditions, Radiation condition, Huygens Principle Finite Difference Methods: Finite difference frequency domain, Finite difference time domain (FDTD), absorbing boundary conditions, perfectly matched layers Moment Methods: Surface and volume equivalence principles, wire, surface, and volume integral equations, frequency- and time-domain formulations, Scattering and radiation problems. Applications (Computations using MATLAB Programming): Waveguides, fin lines, Planer lines, Planar Antennas, EMI/EMC problems, Simulation of Components. Books: 1. Numerical Techniques in Electromagnetics with MATLAB, 3rd Edition, Matthew N.O. Sadiku, CRC Press 2001 2. Time-Harmonic Electromagnetic Fields, 2nd Rev. Ed., Roger F. Harrington, Wiley-IEEE Press, 2001. 3. Computational Methods for Electromagnetics, Andrew F. Peterson et al., Wiley-IEEE Press, 1997. 4. Computational Electrodynamics: The Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method, 3rd ed., A. Taflove and S. Hagness, Boston, MA, Artech House, 2005. 3EC22104 VLSI Signal Processing LTPC 3 - - 3

Introduction to DSP systems - Iteration Bound - Pipelined and parallel processing., Retiming folding-Unfolding - Algorithmic strength reduction in filters and transforms, Systolic architecture design - fast convolution - Pipelined and parallel recursive and adaptive filters, Scaling and round off noise - Digital lattice filter structures - Bit level arithmetic architecture Redundant arithmetic, Numerical strength reduction - Synchronous, wave and asynchronous pipe lines - low power design, Programmable digital signal processors. Books: 1 Keshab K Parhi, " VLSI Signal Processing Systems, Design and Implementation" Wiley India, 2003 2 Uwe, Meyer- Bease, Digital Signal Processing with FPGA" Springer India, 2003 3EC22114 Radar & Navigational Systems LTPC 3 - - 3

Introduction: Introduction- basic radar equation, range delay, velocity delay, Doppler effect, accuracy, resolution and ambiguity, Tradeoffs and penalties in waveform design, significance of matched filter in radar signal analysis- complex representation of band-pass signal, matched filter response to Doppler shifted signal. Basic Radar Signals: Basic radar signals- constant frequency pulse, linear frequency modulated pulse, Costas frequency modulated pulse, nonlinear frequency modulation, phase coded pulsebarker code, chirp-like phase code, asymptotically perfect codes, Huffman code, bandwidth considerations in phase-coded signals, multi carrier phase coded signal in radar signals. Pulse Repetition Interval: Diverse pulse repetition interval (PRI) pulse trains- introduction to moving target indication (MTI) radar, blind speed, MTI radar performance analysis, optimal MTI weights, diversifying the PRI. Synthetic Aperture Radar: Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) - SAR principle, k-space understanding of SAR, different compensation techniques, sparse SAR, nonlinear SAR, apodization. Detection and Recognition: Detection and recognition using radar- detection and recognition using 1-D range profile, detection and recognition using SAR image, space time adaptive processing (STAP)- understanding STAP, uses of STAP, civilian uses of radar- space based SAR, segmentation of SAR images from satellite. Radio Navigation: General Principles, Organizational Framework for Air Navigation, Definitions: Automatic Direction findings (ADF), VHF Omni range (VOR) Distance measuring Equipments, Tactical Air Navigation (TACAN); Global Positioning System (GPS); Inertial Navigation: Accelerometers, Gyroscopes, Ring Laser Gyros, Fiber Optics Gyros; Navigation Equations: Geometry for Earth, Coordinate Frames, Dead Reckoning Computations, Radio Computations, most probable Position, Course computations, Position Errors. Books: 1. 2. 3. 4. Elements of Electronic Navigation, by N.S. Nagaraja, 2nd ed, Tata McGrawHill Introduction to Radar Systems by M.I Skolnik, Tata McGrawHill, 2001 Ed Radar Signals by N. Levanon, and E. Mozeson, Wiley, Interscience, 2004. Radar Principles by P. Z. Peebles, John Wiley, 2004. Networks and Protocols Lab LTPC - - 2 1

3EC2206

Simulation of Computer Network Systems using simulation software like NS-2, OPNET ETHREAL etc Performance evaluation of LAN, WLAN, Simulation analysis of QoS in IEEE 802.11 standard, Simulation and comparison of TCP/IP, Wireless LAN Protocols, Simulation & Modeling of Topology of Computer Networks.

3EC2208

Seminar

LTPC - - 2 2

Each student is required to select advance topic relevant to subject studies from IEEE and equivalent journals/proceedings, prepare and present a report. 3SP1203 Research Methodology LTPC 2 1 - -

Introduction: Objective of research, motivation in research, types of research, interdisciplinary research, scientific methods of research, criteria of good research, characteristics of a good researcher. Defining Research Problem: Art of literature review, user of ICT in effective literature review, formulation of problem, formulation of hypothesis, developing research plan, meaning of research design, types of research design, basic principles of experimental design, selection of relevant variables, validity of experiments. Data Collection and Utilization: Types of data, methods & techniques of data collection, sampling, characteristic of a good sample design, methods used in sampling, sampling errors, tests of hypothesis. Quantitative Methods: Data presentation, statistical analysis and interpretation of data, types of analysis, simple regression analysis, correlation, coefficient of determination (r2), z-test, t-test, ANOVA, Chi-square test, multi-variate analysis of data, multiple regression. Computer Application: Role of computer in research, data organization, software selection and its applications, solving problems by using scientific software & tools, sample programmes for analysis of data. Thesis Writing and Presentation: Significance of writing thesis, different types of research writing; conference paper, journal paper, patents, thesis etc., different steps in writing thesis, layout of thesis, guidelines for writing good thesis, precautions in writing thesis, presentations skills, defending the thesis. Books: 1. Research Methodology: Methods & Techniques by C R Kothari, 2e, Wishwa Publication, New Delhi 2. Research Methodology by D K Bhattacharyya, 1 e, Excel Books, New Delhi, 2003 3. How to Research by Loraine Blaxter, Christina Hughes and Molcolm Tight, Viva Books Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi 4. Writing Your Thesis by Paul Oliver, Vistaar Pulication, New Delhi, 2006 5. The Research Students Guide to Success by Pat Cryer, Viva Books Pvt Ltd., New Delhi SEMESTER V 3EC2301 Major Project: Part - I LTPC - - - 14

Each student is required to carry out elaborated project work. The project may be either design/analysis /implementation work or a simulation of a problem/system. At the end of the semester student will be required to submit a detailed report of literature survey, design problem formulation, analysis, functional simulation/results, work plan and work done before examiners. SEMESTER VI 3EC2401 Major Project: Part II LTPC - - - 13 Each student will continue to work such as analysis/checking/testing/simulating system, refine design to meet specifications, in the project undertaken during semester III and at the end of the semester he/she will submit a thesis as a partial fulfillment of the M. Tech. Degree and defend his/her work before examiners. 3EC2402 Comprehensive Viva / Voce LTPC - - - 2

At the end of the fourth semester a comprehensive viva will be conducted to access the overall performance of each student.