ELECTIVE SUBJECTS TO ALL BRANCHES OF M. TECH.

(MECHANICAL ENGINEERING)
EL-?01:
Unit-1: Introduction to FEM: basics concept, historical back ground, application of FEM, general description, comparison of FEM with other methods, variation approach, Galerkin Methods. Unit-2: Coordinates, basic element shapes, Interpolation function, Virtual energy principle, Rayleightritz method, Properties of stiffness matrix, treatment of boundary conditions, Weak formulation, solution of system equations, shape functions and characteristics, Basic equations of elasticity, Strain displacement relations. Unit-3: Stiffness matrix, load vector, temperature effect, Quadratic shape function. Analysis of trussPlane Truss and space Truss elements. Analysis of beams Unit-4: Isoparametric element-quadrilateral element, Shape functions-Numerical Integration-sub parmetric and superparametric elements, 3-D problems-Tetrahedron element-jacobian matrixStiffness matrix. Unit-5: Dynamic considerations, Dynamic equations-consistent mass matrix-Eigen Values, Eigen Vector, natural frequencies-mode shapes-modal analysis. Application of FEM to Heat conduction problems. Text Books: 1. Introduction to finite element engineering-Tirupati K. Chandrupatla and Ashok D. Belagundu. 2. Concepts and applications of finite element analysis-Robert Cook 3. The finite element methods in Engineering-SS Rao-Pergamon,New York 4. An introduction to finite Element Methods-J.N. Reddy-Mc Graw Hill 5. The Finite element method in engineering science-O.C. Zienkowitz, Mc Graw Hill 6. Finite Element Procedures in Engineering analysis-KJ Bathe

FINITE ELEMENT METHOD

L T P 3 1 0

EL-?02: COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS

UNIT I

L T P
3 1 0

Introduction: Finite difference method, finite volume method, governing equations and boundary conditions. Derivation of finite difference equations. Solution methods: Solution methods of elliptical equations finite difference formulations, interactive solution methods, direct method with Gaussian elimination. Parabolic equations explicit schemes and Von Neumann stability analysis, implicit schemes, alternating direction implicit schemes, approximate factorization, fractional step methods, direct method with Tridiagonal matrix algorithm. UNIT II Hyperbolic equations: explicit schemes and Von Neumann stability analysis, implicit schemes, multi step methods, nonlinear problems, second order one-dimensional wave equations. Burgers equations: Explicit and implicit schemes, Runge-Kutta method. Formulations of incompressible viscous flows: Formulations of incompressible viscous flows by finite difference methods, pressure correction methods, vortex methods. UNIT III Treatment of compressible flows: potential equation, Eluer equations, Navier-stokes system of equations, flow-field-dependent variation methods, boundary conditions, example problems. Finite volume method: Finite volume method via finite difference method, formulations for two and three-dimensional problems.

UNIT IV Standard variational methods: Linear fluid flow problems, steady state problems, Transient problems.

TEXT BOOK: 1. Computational fluid dynamics, T. J.Chung, Cambridge University press,2002. REFERENCE: 1. Text book of fluid dynamics, Frank Chorlton, CBS Publishers & distributors, 1985

EL-?03:

MACHINE TOOL DESIGN

L T P 3 1 0

Machine Tool Drive: working and auxiliary motion in machine, Machine tool drives, Hydraulic transmission, Mechanical transmission, General requirements of machine tool design, Layout of machine tools. Regulation of Speed and Feed Rates: Aim of speed feed regulation, stepped regulation of speed, design of speed box, Design of feed box, Special cases of gear box design, Set stopped regulation of speed and feed rates. Design of Machine Tool Structure: Fundamentals of machine tool structures and their requirements, Design criteria of machine tool structure, Static and dynamic stiffness, Design of beds and columns, Design of housing models, Techniques in design of machine tool structure. Design of Guide-ways and power Screws: Function and type of guide-ways, design of slideways, Protecting devices for slide-ways, Design of power screws. Design of Spindles and Spindle Supports: Materials for spindles, Design of spindles, Antifriction bearings, Sliding bearings. Dynamics of Machines Tools: General procedure of assessing dynamic stability of EES, Cutting processing, Closed loop system, Dynamic characteristics of cutting process, Stability analysis. Books: 1. Machine Tool Design N.K. Mehta Tata McGraw Hill 2. Machine Tool design Handbook - CMTI Banglore

EL-?04:

INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION
L T P 3 1 0

Introduction: Automation in Production System, Principles and Strategies of Automation, Basic Elements of an Automated System, Advanced Automation Functions, Levels of Automations. Material handling and Identification Technologies: Overview of Material Handling Systems, Principles and Design Consideration, Industrial Trucks, Automated Guided Vehicles, Conveyor Systems, Storage Systems Performance, Automated Storage Systems Carousel Storage Systems. Automatic Data Capture: Overview of Automatic Identification Methods, Barcode Technologies, and other ADC Technologies Automated Manufacturing Systems: Components, Classification and Overview of Manufacturing Systems, GT and Cellular Manufacturing Part Families, Parts Classification and Coding, Production Flow Analysis, Cellular Manufacturing, Application Consideration in GT, FMS FMS Components, FMS Application and Benefits FMS Planning and Implementation issues. Inspection Technologies for Automation: Inspection Metrology, Contact vs. Non contact inspection Technologies, Coordinate Measuring Machines Technologies, Machine Vision, Optical Inspection Techniques and Non-contact Non-optical Inspection Technologies. Control Technologies in Automation: Industrial Control Systems, Process Industries Verses Discrete-Manufacturing Industries, Continuous Verses Discrete Control, Computer Process Control and its Forms. Computer Based Industrial Control: Introduction & Automatic Process Control, Building Blocks of Automation Systems: LAN, Analog & Digital I/O Modules, SCADA Systems & RTU. Distributed Control System: Functional Requirements, Configurations & some popular Distributed Control Systems, Display Systems in Process Control Environment, Modeling and Simulation for Plant Automation: Introduction, need for system Modeling, Building Mathematical Model of a Plant, Modern Tools & Future Perspective, Industrial Control Applications: Cement, Thermal, Water Treatment & Steel Plants. Text Books:

1. Automation, Production Systems and Computer Integrated Manufacturing, M.P.Groover, Pearson Education. 2. Computer Based Industrial Control, Krishna Kant, EEE-PHI Reference Books:

1. An Introduction to Automated Process Planning Systems, T. C. Chang & R. A. Wysk 2. Anatomy of Automation, Amber G.H & P. S. Amber, Prentice Hall. 3. Principles of CIM by Vajpayee, PHI. 4. Performance Modeling of Automated Manufacturing Systems, Viswandham

EL-?05:

ADVANCED THERMODYNAMICS
L T P 3 1 0

Laws of Thermodynamics: Equation of the first law of the thermodynamics, application of the first law to Flow & Non Flow system, reversible & irreversible processes with ideal and real gases. Statement of second law. Generalized Carnot cycle, Entropy & Exergy. Free energy and tied energy. Thermodynamics potential functions. Availability. Losses of maximum useful work. Nerst's heat theorem. Differential Equations of Thermodynamics: Formulae of partial derivatives for internal energy. Differential equations for heat, enthalpy, entropy, free energy and isobaric potential. Equations of heat capacities. Application of general differential equations of thermodynamics. Thermal coefficients. Changes in States of Gases at their Transferences: Throttling process. Joule Thomson effect. Temperature of braking. Mixtures of ideal & real gases. Mixing of flowing gases, mixing of gases at constant volume Equilibrium of Thermodynamic System: Real substances & their properties. Triple point. Critical point. Temperature-Entropy, Enthalpy-Entropy charts. Equations of states for real gases Vanderwaal's equation of state. Clayperon equations. Gibbs phase rule. Law of corresponding states. Fundamentals of Chemical Thermodynamics: First law of thermodynamics in thermo chemistry. Heat effects of reaction. Hess's law. Kirchhoff's law. Chemical equilibrium. Bond energy Books: 1. Engineering Thermodynamics - Wan Wylen 2. Engineering Thermodynamics - G. Rogers & Y. Mayhow 3. Engineering Thermodynamics - Obert 4. Engineering Thermodynamics - Estop 5. Engineering Handbook 2nd Edition - Richard C. Dorf 6. Handbook of Applied Thermodynamics - David Palmer, CRC Press

EL-?06:

MECHATRONICS SYSTEM DESIGN

L T P 3 1 0

Introduction: Definition and Introduction to Mechatronic Systems, Measurement Systems, Control Systems, Microprocessors Based Controllers and Applications. Study of Actuation Systems: Pneumatic and Hydraulic Systems, Mechanical Actuation System, Electrical Actuation Systems. Modeling for mechatronics system design : Introduction, System, Mechanical System, Electrical System, Fluid system, Thermal System, Engineering system, Translational mechanical system with spring, damper and mass, Rotational mechanical system with spring, damper and mass , Modeling of electric motor, Chamber filled with fluid, Pneumatic actuator. MEMS and Microsystems: Introduction Overview of MEMS and Microsystems. Working Principles of Microsystems Micro sensors, Micro actuation , MEMS With Micro actuators. Materials for MEMS and Microsystems: Substrate and wafers, Active substrate material, Silicon, Silicon compound, Silicon Pezoresisters, Gallium Arsenide, Quartz, Piezoelectric crystals, Polymers. Micro System Fabrication Process: Photolithography, Ion Implantation, Diffusion, Oxidation, CVD, PVD, Epitaxy, Etching. Overview of Micro Manufacturing: Bulk Micro Manufacturing, Surface, Micromachining, The LIGA Process. Fault Finding : FaultDetection Techniques, Watch Dog Timer, Parity and Error Coding Checks, Common Hardware Faults, Microprocessor Systems, Emulation and Simulation, PLC Systems. Text Books: 1. Mechatronics - W. Bolton, Pearson Edition 2. MEMS and Microsystems design and manufacture. HSU, TMH Reference Books: 1. Mechatronics System Design - Shetty and Kolk, Thomson. 2. Mechatronics - Mahalik, TMH. 3. Mechatronics - HMT, TMH. 4. Understanding Electro-Mechanical Engineering: An Introduction to Mechatronics - Kamm, PHI.

EL-?07:

MODERN MANUFACTURING PROCESSES

L T P 3 1 0

Metal cutting: Need for rational approach to the problem of cutting metals-Observation in metal cutting, Energy considerations in machining, Modern theories in mechanics of cutting, Review of Merchant and Lee Shaffer theories, critical comparison, Measurement of cutting forcesClassification of cutting force dynamometers, Lathe tool dynamometer, Drill, Milling and grinding dynamometer, Heat distribution in machining-Effects of various parameters on temperature, Method of temperature measurement in machining, Hot machining, Cutting fluids. Tool Materials, Tool Life and Tool Wear & Wear Mechanisms: Essential requirements of tool materials, Developments in tool materials, ISO specifications for inserts and tool holders, Tool life, Conventional and accelerated tool life tests, Concepts of machinability and mach inability index, Economics of machining, Reasons for failure of cutting tools, Forms of wear, Chatter in machining, Chatters types, Mechanism of chatter based on force vs Speed graph, Mechanism of grinding, Various parameters affecting grinding process, Machinability data systems. Sheet Metal Forming & Special Forming Processes: Review of conventional processes, HERF techniques, Super plastic forming techniques, Principles and Process parameters, Advantages, applications and limitations of HERF techniques, Orbital forging, Isothermal forging, Hot and cold iso-static pressing, High speed extrusion, Rubber pad forming, Water hammer forming, Fine blanking. Unconventional and special Welding Processes and Automation: Friction welding, Explosive welding, Diffusion bonding, High frequency induction welding, Ultrasonic welding, Electron beam welding, Laser beam welding, Automation in welding, Welding robots, Overview of automation of welding in aerospace, Nuclear, Surface transport vehicles and under water welding. Special Casting Processes & Recent Advances in Casting: Shell moulding, precision investment casting, CO2 moulding, Centrifugal casting, Die and continuous casting, Low pressure die casting, Squeeze casting, Full mould casting process, Layout of mechanized foundry, sand reclamation, Material handling in foundry, Pollution control in foundry, recent trends in casting, Computer aided design of casting.

Books: 1. Metal Cutting Principles M.C. Shaw Oxford Clarendon Press 2. Metal Cutting Theory and Practice Bhattacharya New Central Book Agency 3. Fundamentals of Metal Cutting and Machine Tools B.L. Juneja and G.S. Sekhon New Age International 4. Principles of Metal Cutting G. Kuppuswamy Universities Press 5. Fundamentals of Machining and Machine Tools D.G. Boothroy and W.A. Knight Marcel Dekker, NY 6. Fundamentals of Metal Casting H. Loper and Rosenthal Tata McGraw Hill 7. Metal forming-Fundamentals and Applications T Altan, Soo-Ik-Oh and H.L. Gegel American Society of Metals, Metal Park, 1983

EL-?08: STATISTICAL QUALITY CONTROL TECHNIQUES AND QUALITY ASSURANCE

L T P 3 1 0

Quality assurance & Total Quality control, Basic statistical concepts, Control of accuracy and precision, Shewhart control charts for process control, X bar, Range, p, np, c, and u charts, CUSUM chart, Subgroup selection, Process capability, Process diagnosis using runs, cause effect and Pareto diagrams, Acceptance sampling plans, IS 25OO, MIL-STD-105E, Continuous sampling plans, Sequential sampling, Effect of inspection, Errors on QA, ISO 9000 / QS 9000, FEMA reliability, Review of design of experiments, Quality Engineering System, Parameters and tolerance design, Process optimization and robust product design, using orthogonal arrays, Taguchi loss function, Manufacturing tolerance design, Software applications and case studies,

Books: 1. Quality Assurance And The Law Reeves Richard Butterwort 2. Quality Assurance For Biopharmaceuticals Huxsoll Jean F Wiley-International 3. Quality Control and Applications B.L. Hansen & P.M. Ghare Prentice Hall of India 4. Software Engineering and Quality Assurance K Chandrashekar Shet BPB Publications 5. Design Of Experiments for Process Improvement and Quality Assurance R F Brewer Narosa Publishing House

EL-?09:

ADVANCED MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS

L T P 3 1 0

Introduction: Characterization of engineering vibration problems, Review of single degree freedom systems with free, damped and forced vibrations Two-degree of Freedom Systems: Principal modes of vibration, Spring coupled and mass coupled systems, Forced vibration of an undamped close coupled and far coupled systems, Undamped vibration absorbers, Forced damped vibrations, Vibration isolation.\ Multi-degree Freedom systems: Eigen-value problem, Close coupled and far coupled systems, Orthogonality of mode shapes, Modal analysis for free, damped and forced vibration systems, Approximate methods for fundamental frequencyRayleighs, Dunkerely, Stodola and Holzer method, Method of matrix iteration, Finite element method for close coupled and far coupled systems. Continuous systems: Forced vibration of systems governed by wave equation, Free and forced vibrations of beams/ bars Transient Vibrations: Response to an impulsive, step and pulse input, Shock spectrum Non-linear Vibrations: Non-linear systems, Undamped and forced vibration with non-linear spring forces, Self-excited vibrations. Books: 1. Theory and practice of Mechanical Vibrations J.S. Rao and K. Gupta New Age International 2. Mechanical Vibrations G.K. Groover Nem Chand & Brothers 3. Mechanical Vibration Practice V. Ramamurti Narosa Publications 4. Mechanical Vibrations V.P. Singh Dhanpat Rai & sons 5. Textbook of Mechanical Vibrations R.V. Dukkipati & J. Srinivas Prentice Hall of India

EL-?10:

FLEXIBLE MANUFACTURING SYSTEM

L T P 3 1 0

Introduction: FMS definition and classification of manufacturing systems, Automated production cycle, Need of flexibility, Concept of flexibility, Types of flexibilities and its measurement. FMS Equipment: Why FMS, Factors responsible for the growth of FMS, FMS types and applications, Economic justification for FMS, Functional requirements for FMS equipments, FMS processing and QA equipment, e.g., turning and machining centers, Co-ordinate measuring machines, Cleaning and deburring machines, FMS system support equipment, Automated material handling and storage equipment, cutting tool and tool management, Work holding considerations, Fixture considerations in FMS environment. Group Technology: GT concepts, Advantages of GT, Part family formation-coding and classification systems; Partmachine group analysis, Methods for cell formation, Use of different algorithms, mathematical programming and graph theoretic model approach for part grouping, Cellular Vs FMS production FMS related problem and Solution Methodology: FMS design problems: Part assignment, Machine selection, Storage system selection, Selection of pallets and fixtures, Selection of computer hardware and software, designing for layout integration of machine storage, Material handling System and computer system, Communication networks. FMS planning problems: Strategic planning, Part type selection, Machine grouping, production ratio and resource allocation, Machine loading problems. Operational & Control problems: Part scheduling, Machines robots & AGVS, Process monitoring & control.FMS Implementation: Objectives, acceptance testing, Performance goals and expectation maintenance concerns. Books: 1. Automation, Production System & Computer Integrated Manufacturing Groover Englewood 2. Design and Operation of SMS Rankey IFS 3. Flexible Manufacturing System Wernecks Spring-Verlag 4. FMS in Practice Bonctto Northox Ford 5. Flexible Manufacturing Cells and systems W.W. Luggen Prentice Hall India 6. Performance Modelling of Automated Manufacturing Systems Vishwanathan & Narahari Prentice Hall India

EL-?11:

TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT

L T P 3 1 0

Introduction and Components of TQM: Concept and Philosophy of TQM, Value and Quality assurance, Total Quality Control, Quality policy, Team-work and participation, Quality cost measurement, Quality Circle, Customer/Supplier integration, Education and training. Tools and Techniques of TQM: Statistical method in quality control, Process control chart, Acceptance sampling plan, Statistical Productivity control (SPC). Reliability: Failure analysis, System reliability and redundomy. TQM implementation: Steps in promoting and implementing TQM in manufacturing industries, Industrial Case studies. ISO 9000 Quality Systems: Concepts, designation Standards, Quality system documentation, Quality manual, Quality procedures and work inspection. Books: 1. Total Quality Control F. Ammandev Tata McGraw Hill 2. Total Quality Management Besterfield, et. al. Prentice Hall of India 3. Total Quality Management: Text and Cases B. Janakiraman & RK Gopal Prentice Hall of India 4. What is Total Quality Control? K. Ishikawa Prentice hall 5. Total Quality Management: The Route to Improving Performance J.S. Oakland Butterworth Heineman Oxford 6. Out of Crisis W.E Dming Centre of Advance Engineering Study, Cambridge

EL-?12:

ADVANCED COMPUTER CONCEPTS FOR AUTOMATION

L T P 3 1 0

Introduction: Computer Automation, Elements of Automation, and Types of Automation, Importance of Computers in Automation, Computer Networks and Topology Types. Computer Graphics, VDU Basics, Components, Display Adapters, Video Display Modes. Object Oriented Programming Introduction: Necessity of Object Oriented Programming, Procedural Language and Object Oriented Approach, Characteristics of Object Oriented Languages. OOPs Concepts: Objects, Classes, Inheritance, Overloading, Virtual Functions, and Polymorphism OOPs features for Automation: Templates and Exceptions, C ++ Input and output concepts, OOPS for Automation. Introduction to JAVA, Features of JAVA, OOPS through JAVA. Database Management System Introduction: Comparison of File System, Database Management System, Characteristic Features of Database Management Systems. Database Design: Relational Databases, Logical Database Design, Data Base Models, DBMS Languages and Interfaces. Data Base Security and Authorization. Data Ware House. Operating Systems and Protocols: Basic Concepts of Batch Systems, Multi Programming, Time-Sharing, Distributed and Real Time Systems. Operating System Structures: Operating System Components and Services & brief discussion about protocols-FTP, TCP/IP & HTTP. Text Books: 1. C++ Programming - Bjarne Stroustrup, Addison Wesley. 2. Fundamentals of DBMS - Ramez Elmasri and Navathe, Addison Wesley. 3. Operating System Concepts - Silberschatz, Galvin, Gagne, Sixth edition, John Wiley. Reference Books: 1. Computer Graphics, C version - Donald Hearn, M.Pauline Baker, Second Edition, Low Price Edition, Pearson Education. 2. Object Oriented Programming with C++ - E. Balaguruswamy, TMH. 3. Object Oriented Programming with C++ - Robert Lafore, PHI 4. Operating Systems-A concept based approach,D M Dhamdhere, TMH 5. Internet Working with TCP/IP - Douglas, PHI 6. Database Systems-Design, Implementation & Management - Rob & Coronel, Thomson, 5th Edition 7. Introduction to DBMS - Date C.J, Addison Wesley

EL-?13:

MATHEMATICAL APPROACH TO ROBOTIC MANIPULATIONS

LT P 3 1 0

Introduction: Brief History, Multi-fingered Hands and Dexterous Manipulation. Rigid Body Motion: Rigid Body Transformations, Rotational Motion in R3, Rigid Motion in R3, and Velocity of a Rigid Body, Wrenches and Reciprocal Screws. Manipulator Kinematics: Introduction, Forward Kinematics, Inverse Kinematics, the Manipulator Jacobian, Redundant and Parallel Manipulators. Robot Dynamics and Control: Introduction, Lagranges Equations, and Dynamics of OpenChain Manipulators, Lyapunov Stability Theory, Position Control and Trajectory Tracking, Control of Constrained Manipulators. Multifingured Hand Kinematics: Introduction to Grasping, Force-Closure, Grasp Planning, Grasp Constraints and Rolling Contact Kinematics. Hand Dynamics and Control: Lagranges Equations with Constraints, Robot Hand Dynamics, Redundant and Nonmanipulable Robot Systems, Kinematics and Statics of Tendon Actuation, Control of Robot Hands. Nonholonomic Behavior in Robotic Systems: Introduction, Controllabity and Frobenius Theorem, Examples of Nonholonomic Systems, Structure of Nonholonomic Systems. Nonholonomic Motion Planning: Introduction, Steering Model Control Systems using Sinusoids, General Methods for Steering, Dynamic Finger Repositioning. Future Prospects Robots in Hazardous Environments, Medical Applications for Multifingered Hands, Robots on a Small Scale: Microrobotics. Text Books: 1. Mathematical Introduction to Robotic Manipulations - Richard M. Murray, Zexiang Li, S. Shankar Sastry, A, CRC Press.Inc. 1994. 2. Dynamics and Control of Robot Manipulators - M. W. Spong and M. Vidyasagar., John Wiley 1989. Reference Books: 1. Robot Analysis and Control - H. Asada and J.J.Slotine, Springer-Verlag, 1998 2. Analysis of Mechanism and Robot Manipulators - J. Duffy, , Edward Arnold Ltd., London, 1980 3. Mechanism Design: Analysis and Synthesis - A.G. Erdman and G.N. Sandor, Prentice-Hall, 1984 4. Fundamentals for Control of Robotic Manipulators - A.J. Koivo, Wiley, 1989 5. Advanced Robotics: Redundancy and Optimization - Y. Nakamura, Addison-Wesley, 1991 6. Robot Manipulators: Mathematics, Programming and Control -R.P Paul, MIT, Press, 1981 7. Nonlinear Systems Analysis - M. Vidyasagar, Prentice-Hall, Second edition, 1993 8. Foundations of Robotics: Analysis and Control - T. Yoshikawa, MIT Press, 1990 9. Robotics, control vision and intelligence - Fu, Lee and Gonzalez, McGraw-Hill International

EL-?14:

METAL CASTING
LTP 310

Introduction: Features of Casting problems, Survey and Scope of Foundry Industry, Solidification of pure metals, Nucleation and growth in alloys, Solidification of actual casting, Progressive and directional solidification, Centreline feeding resistance, Rate of solidification, Chvorinovs rule, Electrical analog of solidification problems. Gating and Risering Systems: Gating systems and their characteristics, Effects of gates on aspiration, Turbulence and dross trap, recent trends, Riser design, Risering curves, NRL method of riser design, Feeding distance, Risering of complex casting, Risering of alloys other than steel, Riser design by geometrical programming. Moulding and Core Making: Review and critical comparison of various established processes, recent developments e.g. low pressure and ferrous die casting, High pressure moulding, Full mould process, Flaskless moulding, Hot and cold box moulding, Ceramic shell moulding, Vprocess, Continuous casting, Squeeze and pressed casting, Nishiyama process, Shaw process, Anitoch process, etc. Melting and Fluidity: Selection and control of melting furnaces; molting, refining and pouring; Coupla design, Measurement of fluidity, Effect of various parameters on fluidity, Methods of elimination and control of gases in casting. Internal Stress, Defects and Surface Finish: Residual stresses, Hot tears and cracks in casting; Stress relief, defects and their causes and remedies; Parameters affecting surface finish and related defects e.g., Rough casting, bum-on sand bum-in metal penetration, Facing and washes; Mold wall movement; transport zones, Expansion scabbing etc. Casting of Sand, Design Considerations: Recent developments, e.g., Mulling index; Mouldability index, Compactability; deformability etc.

Books: 1. Bronze Sculpture Casting And Patination: Mud Fire Metal Steve Hurst Schiffer Publishing 2. Fine Art Metal Casting Richard Rome 3. Casting Technology and Cast Alloys Chakraborty Prentice Hall of India 4. Meta Casting: Principles and Practice TV Rammana Rao New Age International

EL-?15:

RAPID PROTOTYPING AND TOOLING

LTP 310

Introduction: Historical developments, Fundamentals of RP Systems and its Classification, Rapid prototyping process chains, 3D modeling and mesh generation, Data conversion and transmission. RP Systems: Liquid polymer based rapid prototyping systems, Teijin Seikis solid form and other similar commercial RP systems, Solid input materials based rapid prototyping systems, laminated object manufacturing (LOM) and fused deposition modelling systems etc., Power based rapid prototyping systems, selective Laser sintering, Soligen Direns shell production casting (DSPC), Fraunhofers multiphase jet solidification (MJS) and MITs 3D printing (3DP) etc. RP Database: Rapid prototyping data formats, STL format, STL file problems, STL file repair, Network based operations, Digital inspection, Data warehousing and learning from process data. RP Applications: Development of dies for moulding, RP applications in developing prototypes of products, application in medical fields, Development of bone replacements and tissues, etc., RP materials and their biological acceptability. Books: 1. Rapid Prototyping Of Digital Systems: A Tutorial Approach Hamblen James O Kluwer Aca 2. Rapid Prototyping: Principles And Applications Kai Chua Chee World Scie 3. Rapid System Prototyping With Fpgas: Accelerating The Design Process R C Cofer Newnes 4. Rapid Prototyping of Digital Systems James O Hamblen Springer

EL-?16:

ADVANCED WELDING TECHNOLOGY

LTP 310

Welding Metallurgy: Welding as compared with other fabrication processes, Classification of welding processes; Heat affected zone and its characteristics; Effects of alloying elements on weldability, Weldability of steels, stainless steel, cast iron, and aluminum and titanium alloys, Weld testing standards, Hydrogen embrittlement, Lammellar tearing, residual stresses and its measurement, heat transfer and solidification, Analysis of stresses in welded structures, Pre and post welding heat treatments, Metallurgical aspects of joining, Conditions of soldering, Brazing and welding of materials. Weld Design & Quality Control: Principles of sound weld design, Welding joint design, Welding defects; Testing of weldament, Material joining characteristics, Welding positions, Allowable strength of welds under steady loads, Weld throat thickness; Weld quality, Discontinuities in welds, their causes and remedies and quality conflicts. Modern Trends in Welding: Friction welding, Explosive welding, Diffusion bonding, High frequency induction welding, Ultrasonic welding, Electron beam welding, Plasma arc welding, Laser welding. Mechanisation in Welding: Mechanisation of flat/circular joints, Thin/thick sheets (resistance/arc weld), Mechanisation of I beams (arc weld), Longitudinal circumferential SA welding (roller blocks, column booms, flux supports), Circular/spherical welding joints (rotating tables positioners), Manufacture of welding longitudinal welded pipes by induction, TIG, Plasma and SA welding of spiral welded pipes. Robotics in Welding: Robot design and applications in welding, Programming of welding robots, tolerances for assemblies for robot welding, New generation of welding robots, Self alignment by current arc variation, Robots for car body welding, Microelectronic welding and soldering, Efficiency of robotics in welding. Books: 1. Advanced Welding Processes Nikodaco & Shansky MIR Publications 2. Welding Technology and Design VM Radhakrishnan New Age International 3. Source Book of Innovative welding Processes M.M. Schwariz Americal Society of Metals (Ohio) 4. Advanced Welding Systems, Vol. I, II, III J. Cornu Jaico Publishers 5. Manufacturing Technology (Foundry, Forming and Welding)P.N. Rao Tata McGraw Hill

EL-?17:

NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING
LTP 310

Unit-1: Introduction Scope and advantages of NDT. Comparison of NDT with DT. Some common NDT methods used since ages, Terminology. Flaws and Defects, Visual inspection, Equipment used for visual inspection. Ringing test chalk test (oil whitening test). Attractive uses of above tests in detecting surface cracks, bond strength & surface defects.

Unit-2: Common NDT methods Die penetrate test (liquid penetrate inspection), Principle, scope. Equipment & techniques, Tests stations, Advantages, types of penetrant and developers. Illustrative examples Heavy castings of large size, frame of jet engine, porosity testing of nickel alloys, leak testing. Zyglo test

Magnetic particle Inspection Scope , principle, Ferro Magnetic and Non-ferro magnetic materials, equipment & testing. Advantages, limitations Interpretation of results. DC & AC magnetization, Skin Effect, use of dye & wet powders for magna glow testing, different methods to generate magnetic fields, Applications. Unit-3: Radiographic methods X-ray radiography principle, equipment & methodology. Applicability, types of radiations, limitations. Interpretation of Radiographs, limitations of -ray radiography principle, equipment. Attenuation of electro magnetic radiations, source of radioactive materials & technique. Photo electric effect, Rayleighs scattering (coherent scattering), Comptons scattering (Incoherent scattering). Pair production, Beam geometry, Scattering factor. Advantages of -ray radiography over X-ray radiography Precautions against radiation hazards. Case Study X-ray of human body. Unit-4: Ultrasonic testing methods Introduction, Principle of operation, Piezoelectricity. Ultrasonic probes, CRO techniques, advantages, Limitation & typical applications. Applications in inspection of castings, forgings, Extruded steel parts, bars, pipes, rails and dimensions measurements. Case Study Ultrasonography of human body. Unit-5: Eddy Current Inspection Principle, Methods, Advantages, Scope and limitations. Types of Probes. Case Studies. Suggested References: (1) ASM Handbook Vol. 11, 8th Edition Non-destructive Testing & Evaluation (2) Research Techniques in NDT Vol.3, R.S. Shah, Academic (3) Industrial Quality Control, Webstar (4) Bray, Don E. and Stanley, Roderic K., Nondestructive Evaluation: A Tool in Design, Manufacturing, and Service. Revised Edition 1997, CRC Press New York.

EL-?18:

PRODUCTION & OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT

LTP 310

Managing the Supply Chain: Supply chain management, Purchasing, JIT purchasing, Global sourcing, Electronic information flow, Forecasting, Qualitative techniques, Time series analysis, Selection of forecasting method, Focus forecasting, Aggregate planning techniques, Inventory systems for independent demand, Fixed order quantity and fixed time period models, Inventory systems for independent time period models, Inventory systems for dependent demand, MRP type systems, Embedding JIT into MRP, Lot sizing in MRP, Advanced MRP Systems. Operations Scheduling: Scheduling & control functions, Priority rules and techniques, Single machine scheduling problems, Scheduling in jobs on m machines, Personal scheduling, Simulation methodology, Two assembly simulation. Design of Facilities & Jobs: Strategic capacity planning concepts, determining capacity requirements, Planning service capacity, JIT production systems, JIT implementation requirements, Facility location, Plant location methods, Facility, Process and Product layout, GT layout, Retail service layout, Computer aided layout techniques. Job design and work measurement, Considerations in job design, Work measurements and standards, Financial incentive plans, Learning curves and its applications. Product Design & Process Selection: Product design process, Designing for the customer QFD, Value analysis, designing products for manufacturer & assembly. Process selection, product process matrix, Choosing from alternative processes & equipment, Virtual factory, Waiting line management & models, Quality management, Quality specifications & costs, Tolls and procedures for continuous improvement, Shingo system of fail-safe design, Review of SQC models. Books: 1. Operations management Buffa John Wiley 2. Operations management Starr Prentice Hall 3. Production and Operations management Adam & Ebert Prentice Hall India

EL-?19:

RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS

LTP 310

Introduction: Energy and Development; Energy demand and availability; Energy crisis; Conventional and Nonconventional energy; Renewable and Non-renewable energy resources; Environmental impacts of conventional energy usage; Basic concepts of heat and fluid flow useful for energy systems. Solar Energy Systems: Solar radiations data; Solar energy collection, Storage and utilization; Solar water heating; air heating; Power generation; Refrigeration and Air-conditioning; Solar Energy system Economics. Micro and Small Hydro Energy Systems: Resource assessment of micro and small hydro power; Micro, mini and small hydro power systems; Economics; Pump and turbine; Special engines for low heads; Velocity head turbines; Hydrams; Water mill; Tidal power. Bio mass Energy Systems: Availability of bio mass-agro, forest, animal, municipal and other residues; Bio mass conversion technologies; Cooking fuels; Biogas; producer gas; Power alcohol from biomass; Power generation; Internal engine modifications and performance; system economics. Wind Energy Systems: Wind data; Horizontal and vertical axis wind mills; Wind farms; Economics of wind energy. Integrated Energy Systems: Concept of integration of conventional and non-conventional energy resources and systems; Integrated energy system design and economics. Books: 1. Energy Efficient Buildings in India Mili Majumdar Tata Energy Research Institute 2. Understanding Renewable Energy Systems Volker Quaschning 3. Renewable Energy Systems Simmoes Marcelo Godoy CRC Press 4. Renewable Energy Resources John Twidell Taylor and Francis 5. Renewable Energy Sources and Their Environmental Impact Abbasi & Abbasi Prentice Hall of India

EL-?20:

APPLIED OPERATION RESEARCH

LTP 310

Introduction: Definition and scope of OR, Techniques and tools, model formulation, general methods for solution, Classification of Optimization problems, Optimization techniques. Linear Optimization Models: Complex and revised Simplex algorithms, Degeneracy and duality, Post optimum and Sensitivity analysis, Assignment, transportation and transshipment models, Traveling salesman problem, Integer and parametric programming. Game Problems: Minimax criterion and optimal strategy, two persons zero sum game, Games by Simplex dominance rules. Waiting Line Problems: Classification of queuing problems, M/M/1 & M/M/1/N queuing systems, Steady state analysis of M/M/m queues, Discrete and continuous time Markov models, Chapman-Kolmogorov equation, Birth & death processes in manufacturing, Open and Closed queuing networks . Inventory Management: ABC analysis, deterministic and Probabilistic models. Dynamic Programming: Characteristics of dynamic programming problems, Bellmans principle of optimality, Problems with finite number of stages. Stochastic Programming: Basic concepts of Probability theory, Stochastic linear programming. Books: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Fundamentals of Operations Research, Ackoff & Sasieni, Wiley eastern Nonlinear and Dynamic Programming, Hadley Addison, Wesley Principles of OR with Applications to Managerial Decisions, Wagner, Prentice Hall Operations Research, Taha McMillan Operations Research, R Panneerselvam Prentice Hall of India Operations Research A P Verma S.K. Kataria & Sons Introduction to Operations Research, Hillier and Lieberman, Prentice Hall

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OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUES L T P
3 1 0

UNIT I General Characteristics of mechanical elements, adequate and optimum design, principles of optimization, formulation of objective function, design constraints -Classification of optimization problems and applications. Single variable and multivariable optimization, Techniques of unconstrained minimization Golden Section, gradient search methods -Interpolation methods. UNIT II Optimization with equality and inequality constraints - Direct methods - Indirect methods using penalty functions, Lagrange multipliers; Geometric programming , Linear programming using simplex approach. UNIT III Introduction to Genetic Algorithms , Simulated Annealing , Neural networks and fuzzy logic techniques. Multi objective optimization. UNIT IV Design application - Structural applications - Design of simple truss members. Design of simple axial, transverse loaded members for minimum cost and /or weight, - Design of shafts and torsionally loaded members for minimum weight. Operations and planning applications, Analysis and Data Reduction applications, Classical Mechanics applications.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. A.Ravindran, K.M.Ragsdell & G.V.Reklaitis Engineering Optimization Methods and Applications, 2nd edition, Wiley publications 2. Singeresu S. Rao, "Engineering Optimization - Theory and Practice" New Age Intl. Ltd., Publishers, 2000. REFERENCES: 1. Johnson Ray, C., "Optimum design of mechanical elements, Wiley, John & Sons, 1981.. 2. Kalyanamoy Deb, "Optimization for Engineering design algorithms and Examples", Prentice Hall of India, 1995.

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RELIABILTY ENGINEERING
L T P 3 1 0

UNIT I Reliability concepts : Reliability function - failure rate - Mean time between failures (MTBF) - Mean time to failure (MTTF) - a priori and a posteriori concept - mortality curve - useful life availability maintainability UNIT II Reliability data analysis : Time to failure distributions - Exponential, normal, Gamma, Weibull, ranking of data probability plotting techniques - Hazard plotting. UNIT III Reliability prediction models: Series and parallel systems - RBD approach - Standby systems m/n configuration - Application of Baye's theorem - cut and tie set method - Markov analysis FTA - Limitations. UNIT IV Reliability testing and monitoring: Life testing, requirements, methods, test planning, data reporting system, data reduction and analysis, reliability test standards, Reliability growth monitoring-Non parametric methods Reliability and life cycle costs -Reliability allocation - Replacement model. Risk assessment Definition and measurement of risk - risk analysis techniques - risk reduction resources industrial safety and risk assessment. TEXT BOOKS: 1. L.S. Srinath Reliability Engineering, Fourth Edition, East-West Press 2. E. Balagurusamy Reliability Engineering,Tata McGraw-Hill REFERENCES: 1. Modarres, " Reliability and Risk analysis ", Mara Dekker Inc., 1993. 2. Smith C.O." Introduction to Reliability in Design ", McGraw Hill, London, 1976

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DESIGN FOR MANUFACTURING

L T P 3 1 0

UNIT- I Introduction: General design principles for manufacturability - strength and mechanical factors, mechanisms selection, evaluation method, Process capability - Feature tolerances - Geometric tolerances - Assembly limits Datum features - Tolerance stacks UNIT- II Factors Influencing Form Design: Working principle, Material, Manufacture, Design Possible solutions - Materials choice - Influence of materials on from design - from design of welded members, forgings and castings. UNIT III Component Design-Machining Consideration: Design features to facilitate machining drills milling cutters - keyways - Doweling procedures, counter sunk screws - Reduction of machined area simplification by separation - simplification by amalgamation - Design for machinability. Component Design - Casting Considerations: Redesign of castings based on parting line considerations - Minimizing core requirements, machined holes, redesign of cast members to obviate cores. UNIT -IV Design for Manufacture and Case Studies: Identification of uneconomical design, Design for economy , Design for clampability - Design for accessibility - Modifying the design , Design for assembly , Group technology - Computer Applications for DFMA, Product Configuration and design Management, environmental costs, energy and ecological costs TEXT BOOK: Harry Peck, "Design for Manufacture", Pittman Publication, 1983. REFERENCES: 1. Robert Matousek, "Engineering Design - A systematic approach", Blackie & sons Ltd. 2. James G. Bralla, "Hand Book of Product Design for Manufacturing", McGraw Hill Co. 3. Swift K.G., "Knowledge based design for manufacture, Kogan Page Ltd., 1987.

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ADVANCED MECHANICS OF SOLIDS

L T P 3 1 0

Unit I Shear center: Bending axis and shear center-shear center for axi-symmetric and unsymmetrical sections Unit II Unsymmetrical bending: Bending stresses in Beams subjected to Nonsymmetrical bending; Deflection of straight beams due to nonsymmetrical bending. Unit III Curved beam theory: Winkler Bach formula for circumferential stress Limitations Correction factors Radial stress in curved beams closed ring subjected to concentrated and uniform loads stresses in chain links. Unit IV Torsion : Linear elastic solution; Prandtl elastic membrane (Soap-Film) Analogy; Narrow rectangular cross Section ;Hollow thin wall torsion members ,Multiply connected Cross Section. Unit V Contact stresses: Introduction; problem of determining contact stresses; Assumptions on which a solution for contact stresses is based; Expressions for principal stresses; Method of computing Contact stresses; Deflection of bodies in point contact; Stresses for two bodies in contact over narrow rectangular area (Line contact), Loads normal to area; Stresses for two bodies in line contact, Normal and Tangent to contact area. Unit VI Two Dimensional Elasticity Problems: Plane stress & Plain strain-Problems in Rectangular Coordinates, bending of cantilever loaded at the end, bending of a beam by uniform load. Two Dimensional Elasticity Problems: in polar co-ordinators, general equations in polar coordinates, stress distribution symmetrical about an axis, pure bending of curved bars, displacements for symmetrical stress distributions, rotating discs.

Textbook: 1. Advanced Mechanics of materials by Boresi & Sidebottom-Wiely International. 2. Theory of elasticity by Timoschenko S.P. and Goodier J.N. McGraw-Hill Publishers 3rd

Edition References: 1. Advanced strength of materials by Den Hortog J.P. 2. Theory of plates Timoshenko. 3. Strength of materials & Theory of structures (Vol I & II) by B.C Punmia 4. Strength of materials by Sadhu singh 5. Strength of materials by SS Pathak, Dhanpath Rai Pub.

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ROBOTICS
L T P 3 1 0

UNIT-I Fundamentals of Robots: Introduction to Robotics, major component so a robot, robotic like devices, classification of robots Classification by coordinate system and by control method, Basic components of robot system, functions and specifications of robot, fixed versus flexible automation, overview of robot application. Robot end Effectors: Introduction, end effectors, interfacing, types of end effectors, grippers and tools, considerations in the selection and design of remote centered devices. UNIT-II Actuators: Types, Characteristics of actuating system: weight, Power-to-weight ratio, Operating pressure, Stiffness vs. compliance, Use of reduction gears, Comparison of hydraulic, Electric, pneumatic, actuators, Hydraulic actuators, Proportional feedback control, Electric Motors: DC motors, Reversible AC motors, Brushless DC motors, Stepper motors- structure and principle of operation, Stepper motor speed-torque characteristics. Sensors: Sensor characteristics, Position sensors- potentiometers, Encoders, LVDT, Resolvers, Velocity sensor- encoders, tachometers, Force and Pressure sensors - piezoelectric, force sensing resistor, Torque sensors, Touch and tactile sensor, Proximity sensors-magnetic, Optical, Ultrasonic, Inductive, Capacitive, Eddy-current proximity sensors. UNIT-III Robot Kinematics: Robots as mechanism, Matrix representation- representation of point, vector in space, representation of frame at origin and in reference frame. Homogeneous transformation Matrices, Representation of transformations pure translation, pure rotation, combined transformations. Forward solution Denavit Hartenberg procedure. Problems on simple 2R and 3R manipulator, Puma manipulator, SCARA manipulator, Inverse or backward solution techniques, problems involved of 2R, 3R manipulator. UNIT-IV Velocity and Statics of Manipulators: Differential relationships, Jacobian, Differential motions of a frame ( translation and rotation), Linear and angular velocities of links in serial 2R manipulators Jacobian of serial manipulator, Singularities. Dynamics of Manipulators: Equation of motion of 2R manipulators using Lagrangian, NewtonEuler formulation. Introduction to trajectory planning, basics of trajectory planning. TEXT BOOKS: 1. Robotic Engineering- an integrated approach - Richard D.Klafter, PHI 2. Introduction to Robotics by Saha TMH 3. Introduction to Robotics Analysis - Niku, S. B., Systems, Applications, Pearson Education. REFERENCE BOOKS: 1. Robotics and Control R K Mittal and I J Nagrath 2. Introduction to Robotics: Mechanica and Control - 2nd Edition - Craig, J.J. 3. Fundamentals of Robotics, Analysis and Control - Schilling R. J., PHI, 2006. .

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TRIBOLOGY
L T P 3 1 0

Study of various parameters: Viscosity, flow of fluids, viscosity and its variation -absolute and kinematic viscosity, temperature variation, viscosity index determination of viscosity, different viscometers, Recycling of used oil & oil Conservation. Disposal of scrap oil & oil emulsions. Friction: Introduction, Laws of friction, kinds of friction, causes of friction, friction measurement, theory of friction. Hydrostatic lubrication: Hydrostatic step bearing, application to pivoted pad thrust bearing and other applications, hydrostatic lifts, hydrostatic squeeze films and its application to journal bearing. Hydrodynamic theory of lubrication: Various theories of lubrication, Petroffs equation, Reynolds equation in two dimensions. Effects of side leakage - Reynolds equation in three dimensions, Friction in sliding bearing, hydro dynamic theory applied to journal bearing, minimum oil film thickness, oil whip and whirl antifriction bearing. Friction and power losses in journal bearings: Calibration of friction loss friction in concentric bearings, bearing modulus, Summerfield number, heat balance, practical consideration of journal bearing design considerations. Air lubricated bearing: Advantages and disadvantages application to Hydrodynamic journal bearings, hydrodynamic thrust bearings. Hydrostatic thrust bearings. Hydrostatic bearing analysis including compressibility effect. Study of current concepts of boundary friction and dry friction. Types of bearing oil pads: Hydrostatic bearing wick oiled bearings, oil rings, pressure feed bearing, partial bearings externally pressurized bearings. Bearing materials: General requirements of bearing materials, types of bearing materials. TEXT BOOKS: 1.Fundamentals of Tribology. by- Basu, Sen Gupta and Ahuja, PHI 2.Tribology in Industry by- Srivastava, Sushil Kumar, S. Chand &Co. REFERENCE BOOKS 1. Theory and Practice of Lubrication for Engineers by- Fuller, D. D., John Wiley and Sons. 2. Principles of Tribology by- Halling J., McMillan Press Ltd. 3. Machine Design by- Abdul Mubeen, Khanna Publishers 4. Tribology by Majumdar, B.C.

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GEAR ENGINEERING
L T P 3 1 0

UNIT I Introduction: Principles of gear tooth action, Generation of Cycloid and Involute gears, Involutometry, gear manufacturing processes and inspection, gear tooth failure modes, stresses, selection of right kind of gears. Spur Gears: Tooth loads, Principles of Geometry, Design considerations and methodology, Complete design of spur gear teeth considering Lewis beam strength, Buckinghams dynamic load and wear load, Design of gear shaft and bearings. UNIT II Helical Gears:Tooth loads, Principles of Geometry, Design considerations and methodology, Complete design of helical gear teeth considering Lewis beam strength, Buckinghams dynamic load and wear load, Design of gear shaft and bearings. Bevel Gears: Tooth loads, Principles of Geometry, Design considerations and methodology, Complete design of bevel gear teeth considering Lewis beam strength, Buckinghams dynamic load and wear load, Design of gear shaft and bearings. UNIT III Worm Gears: Tooth loads, Principles of Geometry, Design considerations and methodology, Complete design of worm gear teeth considering Lewis beam strength, Buckinghams dynamic load and wear load, Heat dissipation considerations. Design of gear shaft and bearings. Gear failures :Analysis of gear tooth failures, Nomenclature of gear tooth wear and failure, tooth breakage, pitting, scoring, wear, overloading, gear-casing problems, lubrication failures UNIT IV Gear trains: Simple, compound and epicyclic gear trains, Ray diagrams, Design of a gear box of an automobile, Design of gear trains from the propeller shafts of airplanes for auxiliary systems. Optimal Gear design: Optimization of gear design parameters, Weight minimization, Constraints in gear train design-space, interference, strength, dynamic considerations, rigidity etc. Compact design of gear trains, multi objective optimization of gear trains. Application of Traditional and non-traditional optimization techniques

TEXT BOOKS: 1. Maleev and Hartman, Machine Design, C.B.S. Publishers, India. 2. Henry E.Merrit,Gear engineering ,Wheeler publishing,Allahabad,1992. 3. Practical Gear design by Darle W. Dudley, McGraw-Hill book company REFERENCES: 1. Earle Buckingham, Analytical mechanics of gears, Dover publications, New York, 1949. 2. G.M.Maitha, Hand book of gear design, TaTa Mc.Graw Hill publishing company Ltd.,New Delhi,1994

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COMPOSITE MATERIALS
L T P 3 1 0

Introductions to Composites; History and categorization of composite into particle- and- fiber- reinforced systems, Fibers, Matrix, Reinforcement/matrix interface, polymer matrix composites, Aramid Aluminium Laminates, Metal Matrix Composites, Ceramic Matrix Composites, Carbon-Carbon Composites, Cement

Matrix Composites, Comparison of mechanical properties with other engineering materials , Applications of fiber reinforced structural composites. Nature of fiber reinforcement (glass, carbon, Kevlar and whiskers), Fabrics, Fillers, Matrix materials ( thermosets, thermoplastics and metal alloys ) and Fiber/Matrix Adhesion. Structure :Structures and processing for laminated structures, Press Molding Processes, Filament Winding, Automated Manufacture of Engineered Composite Profiles and Processing thermoplastic matrix composites. Micro mechanics of fiber and particle reinforced composites. Prediction of elastic components. Strength of Composites parallel and perpendicular to fibers, Krenchel Coefficients. Load transfer in composites, interfacial shear, critical fiber lengths, critical aspect ratio. Inter- laminar shear strength. Fracture and Damage Mechanics :Fracture and Damage Mechanics in Laminated Composites; Damage classification and failure mechanisms, Free edge delamination, stiffness loss in laminae due to damage. Toughness of composites, Cook- Gordon effect, fracture energy of cross-laminated composites. Fatigue and creep of composites, S-N Curves, residual strength. Environment Effects :Environmental Effects and Non Destructive Testing ( NDT ) of composites, High Strength, High temperature composite materials. Design Methodology and Practices in Composite Materials Design

Text Books: 1. Composite Materials handbook, Mein Schwartz Mc Graw Hill Book Company, 1984. 2. Mechanics of composite materials, Autar K. Kaw CRC Press New York.

Reference Books: 1. Mechanics of Composite Materials, Rober M. Joness Mc-Graw Hill Kogakusha Ltd. 2. Stress analysis of fiber Reinforced Composite Materials, Michael W, Hyer MGH International. 3. Composite Material Science and Engineering, Krishan K. Chawla Springer. 4. Modern Composite Materials, L.J. Broutman and R.M.Krock, Addison- Wesley. 5. Composite Materials- Science & Engineering, K. K. Chawla, Springer- Verlag, New York. 6. Mechanisms and Mechanics of Composite Fracture, R. B. Bhagat, S.G. Fishman,R.J.
Arsenault, ASM Intrenationals,1993.

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AUTOMOTIVE DESIGN
L T P 3 1 0

Introduction : Design requirement of Automobile, Engine as a system and its subsystems, Lubrication system, Fuel injection systems, Cooling System Modern Materials : Structure, Properties and Manufacturing technology of automotive materials, Material selection
Chassis Design & Analysis: Load case, Structural analysis by simple structural surfaces method, Computational methods. Suspension System and Components: Factors effecting design, Mobility of suspension mechanisms, Kinematic analysis, Roll center analysis, Force analysis, Vehicle ride analysis, Controllable suspensions Transmissions system : Manual gearbox, Automatic transmission, Continuously variable transmission. Braking Systems: Fundamentals of braking, Brake proportioning and adhesion utilization, Materials design Ergonomics and occupant comfort : Eight fundamental Fallacies, Ergonomics in the automotive industry, Strategies for improving occupant accommodation and comfort.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. An Introduction to Modern Vehicle Design, Julian Happian-Smith, Butterworth 2. Advanced Vehicle Technology, Heisler, ISBN 3. Automobile Design: Twelve Great Designers and Their Work, R. and Harding, SAE 4. Road Vehicle Aerodynamic Design, Barnard, R. H., Longman 5. Manufacturing Processes for Engineering Materials, Kalpakjikan, S. Addison-Wesley 6. Automotive Ergonomics, Peacock, B. and Karwowski, Taylor & Francis 7. Automotive Sensory Systems, Nwagboso, C.O., Chapman and Hall,

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DESIGN OF MECHANISMS & MANIPULATORS

L T P 3 1 0

UNIT - I Mobility analysis Degree of freedom (DOF), mixed mobility, total, partial and fractional DOF. Closed and open chain systems, structural analysis and synthesis of mechanisms. UNIT - II Alternative design solutions, coding, evaluation and selection of optimum mechanism, type synthesis, number synthesis and design of mechanisms. UNIT - III Indexes of merit, graphical, algebraic and optimization techniques, matrix methods of design and analysis, design of function, path and motion generators, structural and mechanical error UNIT - IV Manipulators Classification, actuation and transmission systems, coordinate transformation DH notations, inverse and forward kinematics, manipulator dynamics from Lagrangian and Newtonian point of view.

REFERENCES: 1. George N Sandor and Arthur G Erdman, Mechanism Design, VOL 1, PHI, 1988 2. George N Sandor and Arthur G Erdman, Mechanism Design, VOL 2, PHI, 1988 3. Mechanisms & Mechines (Analysis & Syntheis)by Arthur Erdman 4 . Klafter R.D., Cmielewski T.A. and Negin M ., "Robot Engineering An Intergrated approach", Prentice Hall of India,New Delhi,1994 5. Deb S.R. , "Robotics Technology and Flexible Automation", Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co., Ltd.,1994

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PRESSURE VESSEL DESIGN L T P

3 1 0

UNIT I Introduction: Materials-shapes of Vessels-stresses in cylindrical, spherical and arbitrary, shaped shells. Cylindrical Vessels subjected to internal pressure, wind load, bending and torsion of pressure vessels-conical and tetrahedral vessels. Theory of thick cylinders: Shrink fit stresses in built up cylinders-auto fatigue of thick cylinders. Thermal stresses in Pressure Vessels. UNIT II Theory of rectangular plates: Pure bending-different edge conditions. Theory circular plates: Simple supported and clamped ends subjected to concentrated and uniformly distributed loads-stresses from local loads. Design of dome bends, shell connections, flat heads and cone openings. Discontinuity stresses in pressure vessels: Introduction, beam on an elastic foundation, infinitely long beam, semi infinite beam, cylindrical vessel under axially symmetrical loading, extent and significance of load deformations on pressure vessels, discontinuity stresses in vessels, stresses in a bimetallic joints, deformation and stresses in flanges. UNIT III Pressure vessel materials and their environment: Introduction, ductile material tensile tests, structure and strength of steel, Leuders lines, determination of stress patterns from plastic flow observations, behaviour of steel beyond the yield point, effect of cold work or strain hardening on the physical properties of pressure vessel steels, fracture types in tension, toughness of materials, effect of neutron irradiation of steels, fatigue of metals, fatigue crack growth, fatigue life prediction, cumulative fatigue damage, stress theory of failure of vessels subject to steady state and fatigue conditions.

UNIT IV Stress concentrations: Influence of surface effects on fatigue, effect of the environment and other factors on fatigue life, thermal stress fatigue, creep and rupture of metals at elevated temperatures, hydrogen embrittlement of pressure vessel steels, brittle fracture, effect of

environment on fracture toughness, fracture toughness relationships, criteria for design with defects, significance of fracture mechanics evaluations, effect of warm prestressing on the ambient temperature toughness of pressure vessel steels. Design features: Localized stresses and their significance, stress concentration at a variable thickness transition section in a cylindrical vessel, stress concentration about a circular hole in a plate subjected to tension, elliptical openings, stress concentration, stress concentration factors for superposition, dynamic and thermal transient conditions, theory of reinforced openings, nozzle reinforcement, placement and shape, fatigue and stress concentration.

TEXT BOOKS: 1. Theory and design of modern Pressure Vessels by John F.Harvey, Van nostrand reihold company, New York. 2. Pressure Vessel Design and Analysis by Bickell, M.B.Ruizcs. REFERENCES: 1. Process Equipment design- Beowll & Yound Ett. 2. Indian standard code for unfired Pressure vessels IS:2825. 3. Pressure Vessel Design Hand Book, Henry H.Bednar, P.E., C.B.S.Publishers, New Delhi. 4. Theory of plates and shells- Timoshenko & Noinosky.

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FRACTURE MECHANICS

L T P 3 1 0 Introduction and overview, Concepts of fracture mechanics and strength of materials, Elements of solid mechanics, Elasticity and plasticity, Incremental plasticity and deformation theory. Elastic crack-tip fields, Basic concepts of linear elastic fracture mechanics, Griffths theory, stress intensity factor, Energy release rate, Plastic zone and fracture toughness, path invariant integrals and numerical approach. Plastic crack-tip fields, Mode-I fields and fracture criterion, Engineering approach to plastic fracture, J-integral approaches and numerical concepts, Tearing modulus, Time dependent fracture, non-linear aspects of fatigue crack growth, Theoretical models, Fatigue cracks in welds, standard tests and testing procedures. Brittle fracture of welded structures, Notch toughness, weld cracks and joint restrains, Weld defects and service behaviour, Application of fracture mechanics concepts and limitations, Weld cracking tests and elimination of joint restraints, Residual stress and its interaction in fracture behaviour, Numerical approaches for estimation of fracture parameters. Books: 1. Fracture Mechanics: Fundamentals and Applications Anderson, T. L CRC Press 2. Mechanical Behavior of Materials: Engineering Methods for Deformation, Fracture, and Fatigue Dowling, Norman E Dowling Prentice Hall 3. Advanced Fracture Mechanics Kanninen, Melvin F Popelar, Carl H Oxford University Press 4. Analytical Fracture Mechanics Unger, David J Dover Publications

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COMPUTER AIDED MANUFACTURING

L T P 3 1 0

Unit 1 Introduction to CNC Machine Tools: Development of CNC Technology-Principles and classification of CNC machines, Advantages & economic benefits, Types of control, CNC controllers, Characteristics, Interpolators, Applications, DNC concept. Tooling for CNC Machines: Cutting tool materials, Carbide inserts classification; Qualified, semi-qualified and preset tooling, Cooling fed tooling system, Quick change tooling system, Tooling system for machining centre and turning center, tool holders, Tool assemblies, Tool magazines, ATC mechanisms, Tool management. Unit 2 CNC Part Programming: Co-ordinate System, Fundamentals of APT programming, Manual part programming-structure of part programme, G & M Codes, developing simple part programmes, Parametric programming, CAM packages for CNC machines, Unigraphics, Pro Engineer, CATIA, ESPIRIT, MasterCAM etc., and use of standard controllers- FANUC, Heidenhain and Sinumeric control system. Unit 3 Robotics and Material Handling Systems: Introduction to robotic technology, and applications, Robot anatomy, material handling function, Types of material handling equipment, Conveyer systems, Automated guided vehicle systems, Automated storage/retrieval systems, Work-in-process storage, Interfacing handling and storage with manufacturing. Unit 4 Group Technology and Flexible Manufacturing System: group Technology-part families, Parts classification and coding, Production flow analysis, Machine Cell Design, Benefits of Group Technology, Flexible manufacturing systems- Introduction, FMS workstations, Computer control system, Planning for FMS, Applications and benefits. Unit 5 Computer Integrated Manufacturing: Introduction, Evaluation of CIM, CIM hardware and software, Requirements of computer to be used in CIM system, Database requirements, Concurrent engineering-Principles, design and development environment, advance modeling techniques.

Books: 1. Automation, Production systems and Computer Integrated Manufacturing M.P. Groover Prentice Hall of India 2. Computer Aided Manufacturing T.C. Chang, Richard A. Wysk, Pearson 3. CAD/CAM/CIMp Radhkrishnan, S. Subramanyan, New age International publications, 4. Computer Integrated Manufacturing Paul Ranky Prentice Hall of India 5. CAD/CAM Theory and practice , Ibrahim Zeid, McGraw Hill 6. Computer Numerical Control Machines P. Radahkrishnan New Central Book Agency 7. CNC Machines M.S. Sehrawat and J.S. Narang Dhanpat Rai and Co. 8. CNC Programming Handbook Smid Peter Industrial Press Inc.

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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN ENGINEERING

L T P 3 1 0

UNIT-I Artificial Intelligence : Introduction, definition, underlying assumption, Important of Al, Al & related fields State space representation, defining a problem, production systems and its characteristic, search and control strategies Introduction, preliminary concepts, examples of Search , problems. Uniformed or preliminary Concept: Examples of search problems, Uniformed or Blind Search, Informed Search, Or Graphs, Heuristic Search techniques- Generate and Test, Hill climbing, Best first search, Problem reduction, Constraint satisfaction, Means- Ends Analysis. UNIT II Knowledge Representation Issues: Representations and Mapping, Approaches, Types of knowledge procedural Vs Declarative, Logic programming, Forward Vs Backward reasoning, Matching, Non monotonic reasoning and it logic. Use of Predicate Logic: Representing simple facts, Instance and is a relationships, Syntax and Semantics for Propositional logic, FOPL, and properties of Wffs, conversion to casual form, Resolution, Natural deduction .Unit-III Statistical and Probabilistic Reasoning: Symbolic reasoning under uncertainly, Probability and Bayes theorem, Certainty factors and Rule based systems, Bayesian Networks, Dempster- Shafer Theory, Fuzzy Logic Expert Systems: Introduction, Structure and uses, Representing and using domain knowledge, Expert System Shells. Pattern recognition, introduction, Recognition and classification process, learning classification patterns, recognizing and understanding speech. Unit-IV Introduction to Knowledge Acquisition: Types of learning, General learning model, and performance measures. Typical Expert Systems: MYCIN, Variants of MYCIN, PROSPECTOR DENDRAL, PRUFF etc. Introduction to Machine Learning: Perceptons, Checker Playing examples, Learning, Automata, Genetic Algorithms, Intelligent Editors.

TEXT BOOKS 1. Elaine Rich & Kevin Knight, Artificial Intelligence , M/H 1983 2. Wendry B.Ranch, Artificial Intelligence in Business, Science & Industry Vol -II 3. Waterman, D.A., Addison, A Guide to Expert System Wesley inc. 1986. 4. Hayes, Roth, Waterman, Building expert system D.A (ed), AW 1983. 5. S.M. and Kulliknowske, Designing Expert System, Weis, London Champion Hull 1984.4. Neural Networks and Fuzzy systems Baert Kosko 5. Introduction to artificial Intelligence and Expert System Peterson Prentice Hall of India 6. Introduction to AI Robotics RR Murphy Prentice Hall of India 7. Introduction to genetic Algorithm M. Vidyasagar Springer

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NEURAL NETWORK AND FUZZY SYSTEMS

L T P 3 1 0

Introduction to neural network and fuzzy systems; Artificial neural networks and their biological roots; ANN as numerical data/signal processing device, Taxonomy of neural networks, Feed forward and recurrent neural networks; Supervised and unsupervised learning; Various training methods; Importance of back propagation methods; Adoptive resonance theory. Fundamentals of fuzzy logic systems; Operations on fuzzy sets, Complements, intersections and unions etc., Fuzzy arithmetic, Crisp vs fuzzy relations; Fuzzy equivalence; Compatibility and ordering relations; Fuzzy morphisms; Fuzzy relation equations and approximate solutions; Fuzzy logic and multi valued logic; Fuzzy propositions; Fuzzy quantifiers; Linguistic hedges; Fuzzy system controllers- an operative and examples; Fuzzy dynamic systems such as pattern recognition systems; Fuzzy databases and information retrieval systems. Neuro-fuzzy systems; Computational intelligence paradigm and its applications. Books: 1. Neural Network Learning: Theoretical Foundations Anthony Martin M Cambridge University 2. Neural Network Perception for Mobile Robot Guidance Ean A Pomerleau 3. Neural Networks and Fuzzy Systems Shigeo Abe 4. Fuzzy Systems Engineering: Theory and Practice Nadia Nedjah Springer Verlog

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UNIT I

CONCURRENT ENGINEERING

L T P 3 1 0

Introduction: Concurrent design of products and systems - Product design - Fabrication and assembly system design - designing production systems for robustness and structure. UNIT II Strategic approach and technical aspects of product design: Steps in the strategic approach to product design - Comparison to other product design methods Assembly sequence generation Choosing a good assembly sequence - Tolerances and their relation to assembly - Design for material handling and part mating - Creation and evaluation of testing strategies. UNITIII Basic issues in manufacturing system design: System design procedure - Design factors Intangibles - Assembly resource alternatives - Task assignment - Tools and tool changing Part feeding alternatives - Material handling alternatives - Floor layout and system architecture alternatives. Assembly workstation design: Strategic issues - Technical issues analysis. UNIT IV Design of automated fabrication systems: Objectives of modern fabrication system design System design methodology - Preliminary system feasibility study - Perform detailed work content analysis - Define alternative fabrication configurations - Configuration design and layout - Human resource considerations - Evaluate technical performance of solution. Case studies: Automobile air conditioning module - Robot assembly of automobile rear axles. REFERENCES:1. Concurrent Design of Product and Processes by James L. Nevins and Daniel E. Whitney, McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, 1989. 2. Anderson MM and Hein, L. Berlin, "Integrated Product Development", Springer Verlog, 1987 3. Cleetus, J, "Design for Concurrent Engineering", Concurrent Engg. Research Centre, Morgantown, WV, 1992 4. Andrew Kusaik, "Concurrent Engineering: Automation Tools and Technology", John Wiley and Sons Inc., 1992 5. Prasad, "Concurrent Engineering Fundamentals: Integrated Product Development", Prentice Hall, 1996 6. Sammy G Sinha, "Successful Implementation of Concurrent Product and Process", John Wiley and Sons Inc., 1999

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INDUSTRIAL DESIGN & ERGONOMICS

L T P 3 1 0

Introduction to Ergonomics and Industrial Design: An approach to industrial designelements of design, Structure for industrial design in engineering; Application in modern manufacturing systems; General approach to the man-machine relationship, Work station design, Working position. Control and Displays: Shapes and sizes of various controls and displays- Multiple displays and control situations; design of major controls in automobiles, machine tools etc.; Design of furniture; Redesign of instruments. Ergonomics and Production: Ergonomics and product design, ergonomics in automated systems; Expert systems for ergonomic design; Anthropometrics data and its applications in ergonomic design; Limitations of anthropometric data, Use of computerized database; Case study. Visual Effects of Line and Colour: The mechanics of seeing; Psychology of seeing; General influence of line and form; Colour and light; Colour and objects; Colour and the eye; Colour consistency; Colour terms; Reaction to colour and colour continuation; Colour on engineering equipments. Aesthetic Concepts: Concept of unity; Concept of order with variety; Concept of purpose style and environment; Aesthetic expressions; Style, Components of style; House style; Observation style in capital goods; Case study. Industrial Design in Practice: General design; Specifying Design equipments; Rating the importance of industrial design; Industrial design in design process. Books: 1. Industrial design for Engineers W.H. Mayall London Hiffee Books Ltd. 2. Introduction to Ergonomics R.C. Bridger McGraw Hill 3. Human Factor Engineering Sanders & McComlick

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DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS
L T P 3 1 0

Introduction to the role of experimental design and experimental design principles; basic statistical concepts; sampling and sampling distribution simple comparative experiments. Single factor experiments, randomized blocks, Latin square designs and extensions, introduction to R language. Testing of hypotheses Analysis of variance (ANOVA) one-way classification ANOVA; analysis of fixed effects model; General factorial design; analysis of 2k and 3k factorial design, applications. Factorial design of experiments; two-factor factorial design-fixed effects and random effects model; applications. Confounding and blocking in factorial designs, Regression models including multiple regression models and its application . Response surface methodology, parameter optimization, robust parameter design and its application to control of processes with high variability. Random and mixed effects models, nested and split plot and strip plot designs and its application to semiconductor manufacturing problem. Regression analysis- Simple and multiple linear regression and hypothesis testing; Response surface methodology-the method of steepness ascent : response surface designs for first-order and second-order Books 1. Design and analysis of experiments by D.C. Montgomery, 2nd edition John Wiley and sons. 2. Design of Experiments for Engineers and Science by Jiju Antony, ButterworthHeinemann

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COMPUTER AIDED PROCESS PLANNING AND CONTROL

L T P 3 1 0

Introduction to Process Planning: Principles and scope, Manual process planning, Experienced based process planning, Decision table and decision trees, process capability analysis, Tolerance analysis, Variant process planning, Generative approach, Forward and Backward planning. Computer Aided Process Planning: Logical design of process planning systems, Implementation considerations, Computer based process monitoring and control, Computer and process interfacing, Totally integrated process planning systems, Process planning for rotational and prismatic parts, Machining of curves and surfaces, Five axis machining, Process planning of freedom surfaces, Development of NC codes, Computer aided design of fixtures, Inspection policies and inspection planning, Expert systems and their use in developing process planning systems. Process Control: Process control concepts; On, Off, Proportional, Integral derivatives; control action and their selection; Pneumatic and electronic controllers, discrete process control using programmable logic controllers (PLCs); Logic control ladders and logic diagrams; Time line diagrams; use of counters and timers etc. Microcontrollers, microprocessors and digital signal processors, Role of instrumentation buses, DMA and timing interrupts etc., Real time operating systems, scheduling and priority, embedded systems and their requirement. Books: 1. Computer Control of Processes M Chidanbaram Narosa Publishing House 2. Computer Aided Process Control SK Singh Prentice Hall of India 3. Computer Processing of Remotely Sensed Images:An Introduction Mather Paul M John Wiley

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FINITE ELEMENT METHOD USING MATLAB

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INTRODUCTION TO MATLAB Finite Element Method, Matrix manipulations, matrix Functions, Data Analysis Functions, Tools for Polynomials, Making Complex Numbers, Nonlinear Algebraic Equations, Solving Differential Equations, Loop and Logical Statements, Writing Function Subroutines, File manipulation , Basic Input-Outupt functions, Ploting tools APPROXIMATION TECHNIQUES Methods of Weighted Residual, Weak Formulation, Piecewise Continuous Trial Function, Galerkins Finite Element Formulation, Variational method, Rayleigh-Ritz Method, RayleighRitz Finite Element method FINITE ELEMENT PROGRAMMING Overall Program Structure, Input Data, Assembly of Element Matrices and Vectors, Application of Constraints, Example programs DIRECT APPROACH WITH SPRING SYSTEM Linear-Spring, Axial Member, Torsional member, Other Systems LAPLACES AND POISSONS EQUATIONS Governing Equation, Linear Triangular Element, Biliner Rectangualr Element, Boundary Integral, Transient Analysis, Time Integration Technique, Axisymmetric Analysis, ThreeDimensional Analysis, MATLAB Application to 2-D Steady State Analysis, MATLAB Application to Axisymmetric Analysis, MATLAB Application to Transient Analysis, MATLAB Application to 3-D Steady State Analysis ISOPARAMETRIC ELEMENTS One-Dimensional Elements, Quadrilateral Elements, Triangular Elements, Gauss Quadrature, MATLAB Application to Gauss Quadrature, MATLAB Application to Laplaces Equation TRUSS STRUCTURES One-Dimensional Truss, Plane Truss, Space Truss, MATLAB Application to Static Analysis, MATLAB Application to Eigenvalue Analysis, MATLAB Application to Transient Analysis BEAM AND FRAME STURCTURES

Euler-Bernoulli Beam, Timoshenko Beam, beam Elements With Only Displacement Degrees of Freedom, Mixed Beam Element, Hybrid beam Element, Composite Beams, Two-Dimensional Frame Element, Three-Dimensional Frame Element, MATLAB Application to Static Analysis, MATLAB Application to Eigenvalue Analysis, MATLAB Application to Transient Analysis, MATLAB Application to Modal Analysis of Undamped System, MATLAB Application to Modal Analysis of Damped System, MATLAB Application to Frequency Response Analysis ELASTICITY PROBLEM Plane Stress and Plane Strain, Force Vector, Energy Method, Three-Dimensional Solid, Axis symmetric Solid, Dynamic Analysis, Thermal Stress, MATLAB Application to 2-D Stress Analysis, MATLAB Application to Axis symmetric Analysis, PLATE AND SHELL STRUCTURES Classical Plate Theory, Classical Plate Bending Element, Shear Deformable Plate Element, Plate Element With Displacement Degree of Freedom, Mixed Plate Element, Hybrid Plate Element, Shell Made of In-plane and Bending Elements, Shell Degenerated from 3-D Solid, MATLAB Application to Plates, MATLAB Application to Shells CONTROL OF FLEXIBLE STRUCTURES Stability Theory, Stability of Multiple Degrees of Freedom Systems, Analysis of a Second Order System, State Space Form Description, Transfer Function Analysis, Control Law Design for State Space Systems, Linear Quadratic Regulator, Modal Control for Second Order Systems, Dynamic Observer, Compensator Design, Output Feedback Design by Using Collocated Senso/Actuator Text book 1. The Finite Elements Method Using MatLab, Y. W. Hwon, CRC Press 2. MatLab guide to Finite Elements , Peter I. Kattan Springer Reference Books 1. Introduction to finite element engineering-Tirupati K. Chandrupatla and Ashok D. Belagundu. 2. Concepts and applications of finite element analysis-Robert Cook 3. The finite element methods in Engineering-SS Rao-Pergamon,New York

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AIR CONDITIONING
L T P 3 1 0

Psychrometric Principles Psychrometric chart, Comfort, thermal interchanges with environment, physiological body regulatory processes against heat or cold, high and low temperature hazards, extreme environmental conditions, heat stress index, ASHRAE comfort standards. Simultaneous Heat and Mass Transfer Direct contact transfer equipment, simple air washer and indirect evaporative cooling, Contact mixture principle, enthalpy potential, basic equation for direct contact transfer equipment, graphical and analytical methods for heat and mass transfer analysis of air-washers with heated and chilled water sprays, cooling towers. Extended Surface Heat Transfer Apparatus Cooling and Dehumidifying coils, Design of finned surfaces, Adsorption cooling systems. Ventilation Necessity, ventilation standards, natural and mechanical ventilation, forces for natural ventilation, general ventilation rules, advantages of mechanical ventilation, various methods, ejector systems, determining ventilation requirement, use of decay equation. Air Cleaning Physical and chemical vitiation of air, permissible concentration of air contaminants, mechanical and electronic air cleaners, dry and wet filters, air sterilization, odor control. Steam Heating Systems Elements of steam, water and warm-air heating systems, Radiators and convectors. Design of an year-round air conditioning system. Books 1. ASHRAE Handbook, ASHRAE (Fundamentals) 2. Refrigeration and Air-conditioning, W F Stoecker and J W Jones, Mc Graw Hill 3. Air-conditioning Engg, Jones, Arnold 4. Refrigeration & Air conditioning, C. P. Arora Tata-McGraw Hill

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REFRIGERATION AND AIR-CONDITIONING TECHNOLOGIES

L T P 3 1 0

Introduction. Environmental impact of refrigerants. Analysis of VCR cycles multistage, multi evaporator, cascade systems, supercritical and other advanced cycles. Properties and selection of pure and mixed refrigerants. Properties of binary mixtures. Analysis of vapor absorption cyclesAqua ammonia and LiBr water cycles. Air cycle refrigeration, vortex tube, steam jet ejector refrigeration, thermoelectric refrigeration, cryogenics, desiccant coolingsolid and liquid systems, hybrid systems, heat pumps and heat transformers. Exergy analysis of refrigeration systems, alternative refrigerants, Texts: 1. W F Stoecker and J W Jones, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning, 2nd ed, McGrawHill International Editions, 1982. 2. J L Threkeld, Thermal Environmental Engineering, 2nd ed, Prentice Hall Inc, 1970. 3. C P Arora, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning, Tata McGraw-Hill, 1996