C ch qu trnh oxy ha ca rau qu :

Trong rau qu c nhng hp cht polyphenol l nhng cht m phn t c cha vng benzen , trong c cha nhiu nhm OH ( hydroxyl) , hp cht polyphenol nu ngoi khng kh rt d b oxy ha to thnh nhng hp cht gy sm mu v to v ng cho rau qu . V d :

. .

Trong khoai ty l pirocatechol v dn xut to t tyroxyl b oxy ha

thnh dopaquionon gy sm mu khoai ty . S bin i mu sc ca nm rm trong qu trnh bo qun .

+ Qu trnh oxy ha ca polyphenol :

C ch chng oxy ha ca axit ascorbic v axit citric :

* Axit Ascorbic

Axit ascorbic l mt hp cht hu c t nhin vi nhng c tnh chng oxy ha. N l mt cht rn mu trng nhng khng trong sch mu c th xut hin mu vng. N ha tan trong nc cung cp cho cc gii php c tnh axit nh. Vitamin C kt tinh khng mu hoc hi vng, rt d tan trong nc (300g/lt). Dung dch nc 5% c pH=3. C khi dng dng mui natri d tan trong nc hn (900g/lt). - Cng thc :

- Tng qut :
Tn theo IUPAC: 2-oxo-L-threo-hexono-1,4- lactone-2,3-enediol Tn thng thng: axit ascorbic, vitamin C Cng thc phn t: C6H8O6 Khi lng phn t: 176,13 g/mol C dng: bt mu trng n vng nht (khan) S CAS: [50-81-7] Nhit nng chy: 1930C (phn hy) pKa : pKa1 = 4,17 pKa2 = 11,56 Kh nng ha tan trong nc: Cao - C ch tc dng : Acid ascorbic b oxy ha cho acid dehydroascorbic; y l phn ng oxy ha kh thun nghch, qua vitamin C tc dng nh mt ng yu t (cofactor), tham gia vo nhiu phn ng ha sinh trong c th, nh: Hydroxyl ha. Amid ha. Lm d dng s chuyn ha prolin, lysin sang hydroxyprolin v hydroxylysin (trong tng hp collagen). Gip chuyn acid folic thnh acid folinic trong tng hp carnitin. Tham gia xc tc oxy ha thuc qua microsom (cytochrom P450) gan; gip dopamin

hydroxyl ho thnh nor-adrenalin. Gip d hp thu st do kh Fe3+ thnh Fe2+ d dy, ri d hp thu rut. m, vitamin C gip tng hp collagen, proteoglycan v cc thnh phn hu c khc rng, xng, ni m mao mch. Trong thin nhin, vitamin C c mt cng vitamin P (vitamin C2). Vitamin P li c tnh chng oxy ha, nn bo v c vitamin C; hn na vitamin P cn hip ng vi vitamin C lm bn vng thnh mch, tng to collagen, c ch hyaluronidase v cng vitamin C, vitamin E, -caroten v selen, tham gia thanh thi gc t do c hi trong c th.

* Axit Citric
Acid citric l mt acid hu c yu. N l mt cht bo qun t nhin v cng c s dng b sung v chua cho thc phm hay cc loi nc ngt. Trong ha sinh hc, n l tc nhn trung gian quan trng trong chu trnh acid citric v v th xut hin trong trao i cht ca gn nh mi sinh vt. N cng c coi l tc nhn lm sch tt v mt mi trng v ng vai tr ca cht chng xi ha .

- Tnh cht :

 nhit phng, acid citric l cht bt kt tinh mu trng. N c th tn ti di dng khan (khng cha nc) hay di dng ngm mt phn t nc (monohydrat). Dng khan kt tinh t nc nng, trong khi dng monohydrat hnh thnh khi acid citric kt tinh t nc lnh. Dng monohydrat c th chuyn ha thnh dng khan khi nung nng ti trn 74 C. Axt citric cng ha tan trong etanol khan tuyt i (76 phn acid citric trn mi 100 phn etanol) 15 C. V cu trc ha hc, acid citric chia s cc tnh cht ca cc acid cacboxylic khc. Khi b nung nng trn 175 C, n b phn hy gii phng dioxid cacbon v nc. Acid citric dng trong thc phm phi dng kt tinh khan hoc ngm mt phn t nc, khng mu, khng mi. Loi khan phi cha khng t hn 99, 5% acid citric, 1g acid citric tan trong 0, 5ml nc hoc trong 2ml ethanol.