Assignment Date: 07/09/13 Submitted by: Yalung, Jhia Marie B. Submitted to: Arch.

Erika Vixeen Dia

Types of Roman Columns

- Doric - Simplest Style of Columns - Oldest and simplest of the classical styles. - characterized by heavy fluted columns with plain, saucer-shaped capitals and base - The capital of the Doric column consists of a cushion-like convex molding known as an "echinus" and a square slab called an "abacus." -The first level of the arches at the Colosseum are framed by half columns of the Doric order -The Doric style Roman Columns were considered to be able to hold more weight

- Ionic - more graceful, though not so imposing as the Doric style - The capital is more ornamented than the Doric - The shaft is fluted and more slender - Characterized by the capital which is formed with two opposed volutes (spiral scrolls) - The second level of the arches at the Colosseum are framed by half columns of the Ionic order.

- Corinthian

- Most Decorated Style of Columns - The most ornate of the three main orders of classical Greek architecture - Exhibits a greater refinement and elegance than the other two styles of columns - Characterized by slender fluted columns - The capital have an almost bell-shaped capital decorated with acanthus leaves - Often surmounted by a more ornamented entablature - The third level of the arches at the Colosseum are framed by half columns of the Corinthian order or style -Tuscan

- also known as Roman Doric is also a simple design - the base and capital both being series of cylindrical disks of alternating diameter - The shaft is almost never fluted - The proportions vary, but are generally similar to Doric columns. - Height to width ratio is about 7:1.

-Composite order - Composite of the Ionic and Corinthian capitals The acanthus of the Corinthian column already has a scroll-like element, so the distinction is sometimes subtle - Similar to the Corinthian in proportion and employment, often in the upper tiers of colonnades. - Height to width ratio is about 11:1 or 12:1.

-Solomonic

- Sometimes called "barley sugar" - Begins on a base and ends in a capital, which may be of any order - The shaft twists in a tight spiral, producing a dramatic, serpentine effect of movement - Very often used, especially on a small scale, as they are easy to produce in wood by turning on a lathe (hence also the style's popularity for spindles on furniture and stairs).

Citation
http://www.tribunesandtriumphs.org/roman-architecture/roman-columns.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Column