Newtons 1st Law:

An object at rest tends to stay at rest, and an object in motion tends to stay in uniform motion, with a constant speed in the same direction unless acted upon by an external unbalanced force.
This law was derived from Galileo's Principle of Inertia which states: "A body moving on a level surface will continue in the same direction at constant speed unless disturbed."

Newtons 2nd Law:

'An applied force is directly proportional to the rate of change of momentum'.
In other terms:

F P t
Newtons 3rd Law:
All forces occur in pairs, and these two forces are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction.
OR

If body A exerts a force F on body B then body B exerts an equal and opposite force F on body A.
In other terms:

"For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction."

EXAMPLE:

When you sit in your chair, your body exerts a downward force on the chair and the chair exerts an upward force on your body. There

are two forces resulting from this interaction - a force on the chair and a force on your body. These two forces are called action and reaction forces and are the subject of Newton's third law of motion.

Aristotles Ideas and his laws of motion Aristotle's Laws of Motion

Aristotle's Laws of Motion were based on his belief that rest was the natural state of a body. That is, something moves only if acted upon by a force. Aristotle also thought a heavy body should fall faster than a light one. He did not subject these ideas to *experiment. Not until Galileo Galilee did anyone bother to check whether bodies of different weight actually did fall at different speeds.

Aristotles Laws State:

A body, not acted on by any force, remains at absolute rest. Nothing moves unless you push it. [it is moved by a mover] The most Natural state is Rest. Force is proportional to the velocity. F=mv Heavy objects fall faster than light objects. There is no such thing as a vacuum. We will eventually see that physical experiment shows that all of these statements are actually FALSE.
If I have seen farther than other men, it is because I have stood on the shoulders of giants." -Isaac Newton When Newton made that famous statement, he was referring to such giants as Tycho Brahe, Johannes Kepler, and, most specifically, Galileo Galilee.

It was Galileos concept of inertia which lead Newton to discover his first law. In opposition to Aristotles laws Galileo boldly stated and proved that these laws were false. He reasoned that moving objects eventually stopped moving due to a force called friction. He also proved that heavy and light objects fall at the same speed.