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'1

-.
"

.',

DESlr.N OF 1\T ..'\CIIJi\EIl\,1 F01]:'\1).I\ T 10:'\8

------,S P.CTJO:\'
-_._
... _---

PIIGE:

1. O

lnll'otluction

2, O

!)Cf:;iif.:lI

nequi I'Clil('!nts

3. O DClails of J)csign

4. O net;igl1 fr)' 11080n,,"11(:<1

5. CI

L:esign 1'01' rmp:lct

6, O

lnfol"ll1.'"ioil Pl'el'0quisile lo Pes gn

:.

"

'"

7. O

"

-'

...

e 01":1 me :11fll"y

8. O : !'"Onl'.'ln(~J:tlll-C

D. O

\\'eighl

10

'\lomen~s (f

.t\ppontli~:

A:

lneJ"tin

11

:--Tagnifieation Filctor

A-1

Amlllitmle oi VibroLon
StiffllCSS Const:-lllt of
Appendi:, TI:
1\ ppendj:-;

!"lm

ISO:'ol

~~-,--

o
,

j'

e:

son

.1\- 3

?dachinary D'csc'dptions
Exal111'lc PI'oblc:m 111

C-1

Examplc P'O'l!cm i/2

c- '(

D,~Tr-:

2 /5-73

11Y

APPRO\"ED

/..'). 1:r.

P.OI

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--

(hbri91 Rojas

P.02

-- ....-- -........-----_._--------,..,..........._ ........

DES1(;!\: 01" :\I/\C 1I!~1-:nY !'Ol':'>iI),\Tl():lfl ~ El'I(;l:-\EEHlI'(; GUJI)E

1. o.

.........

m.:rn01lt 'CTIO:-:
1.1

.'\11 rnnchincry rounr!aUolI!l shollld be cksigncd 10 provicle the strcngth,

rnass Hml 1"J.!ir.lity 1l(ccSfl:;lr.v to suppo!'t the statie loads imposed by
the rnachhe. This is ac(.!omptishccl by appJying the S3.me principIes
of d('~ln ("\s fOl' building founc1a!ions. TIowc>\'cr, maehinerj' fOl.lOdalions
sho\lhl nlso be: cnpal1Ic o fln;1portng" ull dyn;1mic alld vil)l'a(ory loadlO
which t1lt' m~cJlH' m::y ilnpo~c. Thc offoci of lhc;e dyn:lmic lOllds on
lhe;! fOllliclniol1 is Ilc' ,;ub.ie'cl ()f lbis dC':;;ill guidc.

1. 2

.'\11 mnehil1e1j,S '.:hicl. h~\Vl' modng pi\l'ts

through which material

mO\"(;5, lrW1S11( :;;0111(' dyn::mie load to llle!r foundalioli. The type,
sizc tind t!el:;il (A tlH' m:u'h;ncs lIsd in mincr:t! proccl<sing plants
va!')' over nn c'>:C'('(:dingly \\'hic )'ange. FOl' the- purposC! of this desig:1
guido, the m .. ~:hncr\ wil bE; classified 1nto tlll'ee g'OUPS,

1. 2.1

01'

.<:irO\!!?...:'\.- '\,la(:hil:(,I"." which, b('cause of Hs dcsign. hus a l'c1atin'l)' con!;(anl \lllbalnnc('(] force and acte within a narrow
frt;qu1'IlCY l".ngc.
.
./
,l-.,.~t~,~", .
E}::>.mpl(.'s: gyl';;;.tClry (conQ) cl'lishcr. ,jaw crllsh/-:r, l"eciprocatlng"
compl'c'" 30l". pump 01' (:Il<tinc: Hud vibraUn" SCl'cel1.
c\-<.....,"A"1)(.)1e. .. S I c",O;f'~"":.:rt.-E';:; , +,;-~~. \>J" 1\ (> r

1. 2. 2 . (n'''!!, R - l\1acldlll'I'.\" which is d1'signcd to be bulanced, but

becltu>:lc of \'."Cu' 01' mnl(.')'i:; b\1ild up, nnd cine to the l1igh
fr(:!qllcmcy al wJl:h it opel'at<:g (bove 800 !'pm), may si.ill
induce dynnmic rorees lo it's foundatioli.

E}:nmplcl<: fall. centrifugal bJowt!r, and ccmtrifugal pump.

.

Ve

U"f""'1..1I:"DO ~ ~

KIi!.A. 'J.

Jncl\ldc'd in thi:<; ;;I"(")\~"("l nl'(' mr!chinc-s or ducts which carry large

volumcs nf high \"('10eH)" 1uids Ol:' gases,
ExamplN'! f\lrll:lC'C Ouo, cycJonc and scrubbcr .

1. 2. 3

(;1Ot~1!..f -

MnchiI1C'r.' wbich has incidental hrge impact force.

Exampl1'1":: impnct prushE'r, ball, rod and autogeliOtlS, rotar)'

kiln amI ehyer.
f'\O(...1 JO ;.

1. 3

For descl'iplion o

SCllTIC'

mnchinos, see Appcmdix B .

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P.0:3

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,

.2. O

/llllhr0c M thn tthove gl'oups hnve e,nrlnin clcsign l"cqtti!'elnenlS

in C()JlI1llC.IIl :lnd lllci>o l"uquir'cmcl1ls lI'i11 ba considered first,
2. 1

Re i nfol'dnn"

-"',..

.....
~

..,;""

2.1,1 No 'lIne'hinel'y fO\llld:;llioll of npprcci:1ble si?c 511,111 be

cO:lsl1'ucfeu ni IIweinfol'Ced conc)"olu, As n rllle of
. '-!Ill1m!J, ;\11 fae'.,.)~ 01 tllC fl.J.l1lrl~tiol1 block shaU be'
~,.
l'l:inl"OI'cc:d \':111 J1 01" 1/3 br:ri'l:l.t 12 incl1cs on cr.tC'r
~,~

,:"

~.lI"

v",:'>

......

'1'>- ,,\. ,)
.,t-." ,ji ,J
,,JJ"

-.

J..

~. oo'"
' \
.'

2.1,2

>

'

,.

e;ne 1 W;1~'. The PUI"pose of his l'C,jI1\Ol"Clng 15 lo contro

c;"ackill"
',':11ich duc lo l"ibnltin" Joads could pro~rOS$ to
,';'\
n dangc I'OU s pOl!1t.. Sir.eo e l'i)d:,; :u'e os p",ci R lly lil<l ble
to OCCIlI" nt lits, llpcnin,_(s,nnd n::cntrar.l COI"nUI'S;
aclditioJ1:.11 l'dnfol'cin;; ShOllld be n'ol'ideo at t11r~se
Jocatlons.
.:;:1

Whero lhe foullll:\tion iR ;ul);c:dcd to t(;n9ion, shc:"Il"

01' bcnding AS whcl"C lhe \11~\~:hillc ji': SUPflCll"l<:U on $1abs,
cO]\lnln!'1, \':rUs, pic'l's O!' combin:"ldoll l)1c;rco[, the
anH)',,lnl ,.nd lClt::llio:1 of tll" l'cquircd l'Cinl'ol'cing sted 01\11
be, d;.:t"J'III.l1"'O by ClClIlaUOl1.

2. 2 Soil Prc:,;,urc
2.2,1

U$un.lly the nl1('l\':a1Jlc soil })l'eS$urc fOl" <lny given sito

is, o.nd should be, dctcl'mincd by n soil cngil1coI', The
nllol'loblo :!-oil pl'essm'c is ih~~n stated in :; ",ob 50i1
Repol't". The 11l1o'.\':lb10 ;iI'en by such a ropol't ufiunl1y
applics to building fUl!mbtiollfi 0111:- (1. e., to sl::\tlc lo:;dsl.
1"01' very largo ;,ntl/ 01' hi~hly stres.soo macllil1e fO'Jndotions.
R ddinitc I'CQommCIl<!:1.\ion ;\S lo a.llo\','ublo soil PrCSSunl
should !J(: :;ollght fl'om lhe soil I.:nginccr.

2, 2, 2 If no spl::rlfic I'N'0mm(!l1d:l.tions are nade by thc son

anginuel' fOl' 11l~C'hinc l'y fDUl1d:;[ions, use the following
nlle">\'::\blc suil pl'SStll'CS:

Fo!' fOlllld:1lioll<l lIf (: 1"0111' 11 m:\chincry; use ono haH th~

vnlllCs :\llowcd rOl" buildinCi fO\\lHlnliol1s.

.-"
)

'"

For foun:l:1tiolii; or C; \'l\UP l\ &. e, use one qu:;'ter 01' lhe

V::ll\lCS nlJo\\'t'o fOl' building fOllnclnt-ions,

-2-

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2. O J)J';~I(lLC;I'r!;l'\ HI':RJJJJl!f11t:l'nS I~Enl'd)

2,'2. 3

.,

Ir t,o sol l'UPOl't is ovailn!jle, as ;:: gene ral guidu, the

following Iist gives allowoble machine foundntion soil
pn~::;;lUl'(:S fol' :;omc common son <.:oI1dilions:

1\ oc k
.;"dl;
h:, ,,(.) c:luy

J) l'y

Fil'ln clay

....

_-

Allowable Soil l're;surc (PSF)

....

--~-~-~---------_

.'.

son c:by
"\\:''''''el cby
Gl',JVd

'

,~

!r....,
sl'Ind

CO~I'S'

Fine d"y ~:11H.l

\VOl :oand
Snnd '" clay mixturo
1I11UVl:ll soil

',,~."
.',

2,

l ~i ""," \

.o 1'0\1)2 }\

!l.' ;;

G rou p 13 (\~r iH,r';

8000 :>'."'i I
4000 \ ,",.(
2500
t "l..
2000 0,"1-5
1000 14"
4000 "q,(
4000 \,"'~
3000' ~/16
1500
1500 tO,n
1000 ll,~.q

4000
2000
b ,'\0
1200
'\ ~"\
o( ~'\
1000
500
0, 't:.\
6,~\'
2000
"\ ' .1'" 2000
'\"'~ 1500
800
a, ).)~
800
C' \ :l~
500
0, l4

\,0,.(

\ 1

o.:n

The fO\1I1(1::ttio;1 slI(\ulCl be projlortiol1ud !'lO that it hns sl,!fficic:nl

ntl.:;s to ",l::blizc tlle nlllchim:. ThC;l n',nm,acturor o[ thC! mnchine
orlen I'CC'Omn1l'llds ['( minil11\ltl1 t'e(!ujl"(~d \'.'eight of footing. 1f
no lluch l'N!ommen:'liltioI1 lo; moda, pl"opo'tion lhe \\'eight of
foundntioll 10 h(~ 2.5 to 3. O trne's the wcight o the rrtt'ving pa.t'ts
o the rnachine.
'

2,4 Tha fOllllU: lion "hOllld be sizecl aga.inst overturning clu(; to

saismic, wiml, impact nnd l11:1chiI1CI')' rOI'CeS. Thc !'sfety
factClr, nlHo cnll",d SI:lbiliLy 'Hto, goinst overturl1ing she)\\ld
not I.Jc I(:::)s tban 2.

_----_

3. O ..DET.I\ TLS ()'

.....

n1~SlC:
i':
............ - .....-

_-~_

3.1 Sincc l;lomc vibl':\tion o m<lchincrv foundaton is inc\'ituble for

rn\jvl' c(]nipmI!111,it is dc-sil':;'I\le t~ sol:1tl.l lhe foundalion (rom
o:hul' "tl'u('\UI'es no! n'!\\ec! to lbe lI11.1d1ino.

-'",
"

,
,

3,2 Mucl1in(' foundnton5 lihnll he isobtcd rram naor sl:l.bs and

lmildill'(!"Ollli1Q"; hy n m;pOlll1iol1 joint 011 aroul1d, (',",cept
ligll! m:H'hincs, sucll :1$ small pumps 01' f:lns wl1ich may be set
dirN'lI~' 0:1 n~'ol'''nb.

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3, O J)!;TlIJI.S O"" J,,;SljN ((,ClII1.

... )
--~-~----_._-~-~._----:--

3.3 As l11uch :U; it'n.rl!c::tl. !JU pln.tful'l11 or builtling columns sho\lld

1".::sl on lile mn.chincry'J"u\H1d:1lion 01' on fo~ndalions extcnding
over a mnc:hilicl'y rmd,

3.4 PipiJ

01'

c(lJlfluit sllould

1I0t

10 l1lac:hil"j\"Y fo'Ulld:\Lion.
ailO of lhe follCl\"'n;:: ST.<;

3.01.1

be omb()tlded in oc rigidly atl,tchcd

sudt n C"onlwcti(n is un:woid;blc.
~llo'.I1d be lakon:

Ir

Pl"oduc n no~:il,lo nttnC"lllncnt 01' CO\lpHng ni ihe

point oI Qntl'nncc' inlo 1110 fO\1mlation.

"

,
;-

-.

3.4.2 Place; a pipe in

1\ ti ("))1.

::l

Irenc:h

al'

sJecyo wilhin lhe

fOUll-

3.4.:3 irl'ap the: pipo wilh nn I.'!xpnllsioll malel'inl befo re

ernllcdment.
.~

'~
. ",'.

_ .. " 1,
..

.1",,-

_ 4.1 11 machin01":- 'oum!:1.t.ol1 ',':hkh is ;c:le'cl ujlon by a poriodic

di:::iul'bing rDl'Ce, SIH:1 ~\:,:: lholl! "uund:1t:inn!'l \'.'llic:b supp:)!"t
machines ill roup 11 " B, mnJ' ';.J.p:~ro:J.ch o. condition o rO$on:'lir.~.
T!1is t:onditio!1 O('(,\l1"S II'hell lhe 11:;1.t.t\!': fl'cquellcy ( W i~ )
of the machine mml:ltio:l
opp:-oo.Ghos lb" frcquency of
lbe dslul"H:1H rOIT\~ (w ); in OUII'l' \'.'ords whl;:l1 ~"' ;:tPPl'oachc;$
ullily. This cCJIldi(iOll iJ1ducC.!s !:tl'gtt ::nnplitudc o vibl':1.lion
lo Illc loulluaUon am1 ,:liould be ,,"\nielad.

4.2 !,lllnacbjn","y fouJHhtions uf GrlN!) A shQulrl be chl:c]er,! fol'

resonnce lile! :\n1plitude of "i!J!'ntiop, A11 foulldations o
G l'Ollp B !;lhoultl be cllce;!:etl fOl' j'Col1:i\l1CC.
4.3 A rnn.'lllinc foumhliQn lnny be eOllsiclcI'cd :\s :l singlo lTInss
vibrnUlIg ::yS\ClTl a;o(rd \I]lfm by ;; c1ist\\l'bing force D!1d the force
of do.mpinq. The fo!'"mu1::t (al' Ih" l11nximun1 :;mplitutle o vibl'atiOI1
l'or tllis r;omlition hl;

,
.J

';':ST

rl J( -~
r~ ( ~c ..!!L..):' ]
""'/l'
1-

' ..

__..

lo

WIl

(;-202,00

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P.OG

(hbri91 Rojas

wharc ~{~1 i3 lhu sl:ltic clil"pJ:H::ell"lClJt of tile foundntion ir octad

up:>n by lhe di::;lul'b;n~ f'JIT, onu lhe value in lhe ul"ackl'!t
is the ";\111.!:;lliiic;1tion Fnrtol''', whieh cno be obloined fl'om
(he ChOl'l "'Jo'.... n 01\ 'Pagc /\-1 o[ l\ppcndi:: A.
fO:lI1d~lioll l~)U'y vihl'ntc in llny one of [our possihlc mocles,
(;1('111:.,]1:, \hcn~ ;I('C ,;i:>:, sine!.; 'll'! villralion in S~'r\s 4,4.2
l\lId '1. 4. ~; C;,('!l!i:I\"O l\'."O po,:<;il)]c di I'cc,lons) clepe;l1tlil1g upon

4. 4 1\

lhu dil'uC()D "nd lOG:"ItiDl1 oC lile distul'bing ron:",s, EilCh

of IhuBO modc:,;, the iormuJ.::.t [Ol"' thc natural f,,,quenay,
aml l11a~:imun ~',l"I1plil\ldC! oC clisplaccm"l1t is givc.:n ns fol1o\\'$:

4, 4, 1 Ve )'1 c:n 1 ;\-10:10

_ _ ~n~~ _ _ _ _ _

...J,

"~

"".

.. ,...

.~ ~....
........ ..........

,-

...... .

"
W

"" 'lv-'\.i

,t",

",;.'

"'Ji'. "

-~ .

i'

....

'("-''''I,.&
,.lo'on
,I~,'.;U. 11 ,......
.J.. ! I

'--1, \-,-,

Pactor)

\,,1

If'

'. .-

'~'C=-;:Z;P-

..,.

J11 -

.~
.......
-J,

-::

J"1 1"\,'.

J -t. ~ --factor)

'1.4.:l PilrJ11l\Ll\lQi.!.;:

J
I

(Tre>uhlcsolnC

ir d/L> 0.25)

4.4.4 Y~:J~
'0 rr;-;--,lJ =__~ -)( / t,J. ~A"
n
iI IJ I:..I

T
e .. -l:-'J-'1 o. ~ .r.)
,"(

"

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P.07

(hbri91 Rojas

4. O p_F_.S15_;:"_' !J2IJ..J.lI;~j...;\!,",,(=-;I:..;':...:(:.;.:c:.:o ni. )

d.5 The horiz.ont1"!l ami the pitching modes usunlly oceur nt the;!
. !;nn1e time. 'f'!IC n"(III'..,1 frl'<ucncy of tlds combillC'c.l d!Jration
will be betwt'on lhob' f'QC/llt'nejos nncl vory closo to the lowest
frcq\l{'nC)" o eitht'l' "l)l' cClnsjd~'r(d nlonc. A COw:cI"\'ntive
uppro:J.cl1 ls to cor.llJinl'"' the ;tatic diOlp!;c('lllcnt eh1(, to (he
clis(ut'1,jlg ro!';:,c,

..1[ _ kh
A

nnd l1lu1!ipJy b,~' Ihc J\i;1rnific:1tiol1 Factor for the JO\n'I' Irt'qucmcy,
horizonl,il CI)' pilchinf,(,

.'.

<1.6

'fhe foltmlnlioll l'lh(')ul(l be pl'opol'tiol1C'd to n\'oid the conc1ition

ni rC!!;(')n;\l1C(' whC'1l Illv rl'('(lU,~!lcy 'n!1o ( ~:l' ) nppl'onchcs unity.
1'ho labIo bdow iK te.> be:: U;;t'c! UB n g',licJc jo limit n!!'lcn:.nce:,

W1H'n
._--

(,,)

!]O

RF:'l

LimH

---.--._-

< 50

< f..) <

".1 >

I O~)O
1000

J:::
...
Wr"I

;:;'"pj~

e,J

r,p M

'vil
_4L

p"p i-1

t..Jn

<

O, !jO

<

0,07

>

or >-

!.3~

I , !) O

4.7 After fi]I'g th" hl;\~:im1ll11 tll"ll;lJituCl(' of vibr:1tiQn, it sho\!lc1 he

.comp:1l'('l1 In till' :111owahl t: "mpli1.\ldes fOj" particulal' frcquency
curves on P:lgC' A<? elf .:\pwndx A.
4. O Thc machnC' :lnd fOllnd.\lion vibl":ltc :1t thC' fl'('gU"11C~' nf the
cxciting f01'('C ( "'.l ), nr.l l11eo nabn'al r<;tl1c;nc.:y of the l:iyl:item ( WI1 l.
In tlw cnoe or 11][' pi1r:lJing ;mtl y:w.'ing mocll'A, the ungu!r.r
clispbet:I11(>1l1 El 111l1Ht he ,"I'lllltijlJ icd by lhe di,.l::tnce froIn thc center
o )'olntioll (e. o. of al'C'::t of hano) to lhc point in qlle;tion on
lhe frnml1nUQIl el' m;wlli:1C to find lile m,,:dl11ul1l :lmplil\lc1c of
vib':ltion. .1mlg'ellWJ1! mllsl Iw e:-'Cl'ci:><'d in :1r'ri\'in~ ;;l D.1l :lllowablc
l1l:lxil\1u1l1 illl1plitlldr; .I"I,,')ldin;:: upon ;uC'h f~lcl<)r!l n" mncllfnC'l'y
cfft'ct 011 ,;t1)'l'nunding il.IHI :Ht:.1cheoc.l mil.chincrj', <lne! dfccl oa tlscr's

use.

confidence.

-6 -

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P,08

5. O nJ,~SrGN FOH ll\lP/\CT

.,

5.1

A machinc'y foundaiion \\'hkh i5 ilctcd UpO:l by incidental

11ll'gC force!'>, I sm:h a$ those fO\ll1dalions which support machinery
in G rO\lp C,1I1U !:t he cJc~igl1cLl to 'csist impacto

5. 2 lrnpacl lO:1ds r. )'~ disting,lishcd fl'om dynamic londa in that

cJyn:\1nic l,):\(H (\rigin:1tc fl'om unl:,l~lllrcd elc111cnls of cquipment
anrJ [ll'e lu,m:tlly pt'I'i(Jdjr:1il~' :1pplied; \\'hilc lhc imp:\cl load$
gencrall:- l'c':.:\ll\ [)'I):11 the U/1(:\ c'ness of si?c, 1'1I1e ;111<.1 c]:;u'aclcr
of IO;lds, lml':lcl ]o:,J sltml1J !e cO:1sidClJ'cd to bc ppled
sl~<lic::lll~-.

5.3 Thc m:l.nuf;lc\u:'cl' ol' l11" machinc mp)' recOl11mend ma;dmum

impuet h)('tds il11po:'.ecl by lile mnchinc, Ir no $uc:h rccommclldntion is oL>t~1.i/J(.'d, cJ..,,;ign lhe l'o'1mlntiun fol' the followin: impact
fOI'ces:

.. . .
~.

"';,.

....

..

5,3.1 Apply

opel'nlng II'cight oi'

5,3.2

~l hol'i:wnl~11oo.d

'.

...J

lh,~

elllml to 10% o[ (he vertical

llH1.cl1in" ... t its contor of gravity,

]11(:['e:':;(' \11(' vC!I'licnl opel'nti:1g wcight by .i9'f., for ,,1)

fClllUtl::ti:>l1 P:-Il',s, Tbi!; nd1i\in;llo:,cl neec.l not be
eon5iduI'NI 1'.'1"1811 c:11l.'cld!1g ,tI,e nllol'.';lbli'! son pl'cssule.

5. ::l, 3 Tbcst, )"t1P,\cl forces 5hall bc I'csislcd \\'ilh no increlse

in alJIJ\':nhlc SII'CS5CS,
6:0 INFOn:-'JATTON PI:I:r:cQlJJSn: TO D!~S!l--;!\'

------~-----------

G,l

Infol'mation IwNlt.Hl f'(lm \hc equipment munufuetul'(!r for

fO\lndntiol1 dc"ign is as follo\',:s:
6.1,1

Tbe opcl'nting speod of lhe machina ( c" ).

G, 1. 2 The ch:\ ractar, nH'lgnitude, ;m! roinl of :ppliel'ltion

of dyl1:lIl1ic )/)~ds (F 01' '1'),
6, l. 3 Tho m;l!.:nitud(~. point (>f o:\pplic::.tion ,mI c.li'cction of
all m:,,,in1\lln imp:1C't rOl'CCS.

..

ot stntic onda impo1Jcd by the mnchincry

foul1untion slll'fnce

6, 1. 4 Thc di,'l l'ibulion

over

lll,~

)
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r
-

6. 1. 5 D'l1\\'ings of the c(Jlpm~nt giving thc sil;e (llld ~h:1r)

of lho h,.sc, ,lhe Im::::1.lion o openings Ilnd poekcll>
rC(j~ti!"cJ in thl.! fO\llldntion amI lhe 10ca\lon;; antJ
inform:J.'.ion OJl :11'1<.:1101' bohs.

,,

6.1,6 Tlle

:;j~~<~,

Im::;\!i(Jn

.
'

\\'ci,~i'l.

(,r

mn~,s

(JI<'.! (;l~n(C!r

lTIomcnt of incrli::l and

of mnss of lhe mnchine~

6. l. 7 ;\linil11\ll~i l"c('ommel1dcd foundation dimcnsiona or

mns, ':;tio Lo suU::;;y dyno.mic rc!!uiremc>nlS,

'"

.;/

P.09

(hbri91 Rojas

6.2 Jt i:; rClcognizcu (hal Lllc i/lfol'm:ltion !i::;ICld hove is /Jot

g<:'ncrnlly fUl'ni::;hctl comrlcte;l~, by ~t\lip;1N:1t manllf:1::turcrs.
N'e ...cllltcless, sincc lI111.<;c il"n1s of infol'r.atiol1 Iw\'c a
prim::\ry d('Nml':llc!.l on (he c.:hnl'actel'istics of lhe p:lrtic\llar
piill~C c,r CC]Up!11r.!11t in\"("JlI'd, C!\'cl'y d"fOT'( sho\1Jd be mad to
ob\nn the m;mJf:1ctUI'';:I''S rec:ommcnd"tiol1 anrJ illrOl'mation
of (hese itl!!l1S in tilo C::1'>0 01 m"jOI' r.qupmcnt,

6.3

\'nlucll of k (Sifi"llCSS ni" soil) must he ClstirMHcd. For \\"ali~

of Ul.!ttCl' inro-mrttion k\" r:l~'~' h.: tak(,)ll ns ",qua! lO lbe suhgl'o.de
modulu$ (sce Ptq:;c .1\-:;: of l\ppcndb: .1\ fOr typic:;l nllues).
Jt I'.'ill bc notcd, b o\'.'o\"e 1', lh:: c1yn::tmic k rn:;y he diffcl'ent
from slntic J, t"lml Ihat k is inf1ucnced by sj;:e of 1'-'H~, depth
of fooling, fl'CC]lH!n<:y of vibl':lliol1, unii \':ejght or sol, ctc,
Ir al 1111 possiblc 1, $hould lIe cstimalCold by :l soil li'ngineer,
FrcC]ucntly, lhc son <Jngil1Cer (:an proddc 1.ho moc1\1Jus of
compl'c$sion of soil (E). This cun be r.onvertccl into kv
by lhe following formuln,

kv

-1;:'O- ( ., +

~o ,- ,r::2':2. )

~~

./.A

'; 1'\
A

6.4 Jf no more uulhori\rtlive infol'mntion is 'lVuilnblc. the stiffness

COI1l"t:lI1l fOl' lllo horizontnl, pitcl!ing nnd ynwil1g 1),0:10 shall bo
'
as,o;:umcd ns fo11o\'.'$:

kh

kp

ky

l. O ~:
' 2, 5

l(

I~v

kv

1. 5 :oc kv
~Il~

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_ -_._

7. O C01\
.. :\ 11; !':T/1I1
........... - -y7.1

The f01"l11\11a ::iVC/1 n Seeto:"! 4.3 "m! 4.4 are basen upon
tho Dssumpti(l/l tho.l Ihe m:\Chincry support cOI1Hist oC a
dgid founc\ntioll sUPPOt'\t)O by 1.111 elstic soil. Ir lbe
foundnlioll is 1101. cr.sc:ntiall:v l'i;id (for c:>:0I1"lp1c it moy
c;ol1:;isl oC bcanu;, cr)l\lrnns :1J1d pie!'s). Tha!!:e fOl'mulae nust
be rno:lificrJ. licf(!1' 10 Ih~sign Guide (;- 207. OO.

7,2

FOI' tho Ij~ll'V)SC uf Il1is d(;sign .;(uidc, Ihe dynnmic oeto/1

oC 1110 soil Ls no! I~:!;on "lo ,1(;(,0\1111, Le., lile soil 15
considerad tu be a 11"1;1.5,;105:; sprin;.

''f

7.3 COllshlcnltiol1 shot,ld he givol1 to tllo"o f1\CtCll'l; which might

tC:1d lo )'csll'ain lIle found;lliun. Sdc Pl'o:;~;\1l'cs oC $oil o:"!
n deep" fOUlld;).tioll," " ':ilah p~\!l'eC1
,1P:lllst
foumbticn, etc.,

1)
\\'ould :'111 1l'll1cl lo 1'r:~luc(j disp),(;el11cnt alid incrc:\$e natural
fl'equcncv .

...

7.4 Ecfc:l'oncr:: "Dyl1nmies of B:zcs nnd FO'Jndton" by D. D.

I3~ J'k:1ll.

7. [,

FOI'

o:,;mplc pn;,blcms, 8ve

-0-

,;pr~li:lb:

C.

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26-ABR-2007

18:31

(hbri91 Rojas

("

kv - vcdic;1.1 mode

kh

hv

- !1ot'i7.onUtl moda

kp

pilching- mocla

ky

"

"ow j Dei<> 1110de

P.ll

#/ n. 3

k - SUffncss con~to.l1t for Suppoding soil

..

DE

..

Ce

'2.5 h;

C'f

l.; ~V

Cr

0.\

(u

: :. e ..
-

I.:le ..

W - \Vei&;l! t. of machinc :tnd founclation

IIV - Weight mOmCl~' of inertil'l of 11'o.chinc 8nd

fOUfH);:jtioll c.hlJUI a:d!> O[ n,1L;ion th'Qugh the
ccnlroid oC tl:.' base arcr,
A - .tiro;). o SUPPo'ling base!

ft. 4

E - MocnlU$ of compr'cssion of soil

#/ ft. 2

1A~ vI amenl o': inc rtla o ,'co of $Upp::n'tillg base

ft. 4

J 1\- Pol:l r !"olOmcnt o ineltia of o. 'ea of supporling

ft. 4

n.

b~l$(!

17'.- Disturbing force

T - DisturLing cO\lplc, i. e. Fcl

6- Ma:dmtlm

o.mplituuc of vilJl'ation

D. -

,
,

n.

Stntic clcflcclicn (ctcl1cct!OI1 uuc to \\'cight

s,r of 1110.chinc fine! founuution)

ft.

9 - J\laximam o.mplilttdc C1f \"j1l)':\lon in t'olo.tion

radians

W - Fl'oqucncy of disturbing force

rpm

(J1I"

Nutu'nl

e-

Darnping of soil (commonly takcn as 0,25)

r'cquolH~y

o vib-nling systel1l

rpm

rtlseC.

G AccclcI':ltion o gr:lvity

.10-

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)1

.....
....(

,
-

_------

o, O W)':IGlIT
l\ln:\lEN'I'S
......... -_...
......- .., - ............ -, ........(W
- ....

TNl~HTr1\

'fhe \\'Oight ."om~nt of ilH;rUa of solid blocks D.bout an axlcrnal

axis ilr<:l cnkul:tlt;lcl
9. 1

-_ ...

n(!c:(nn:(\\~:"
"""- ..

bv.

lhe follll\dng. formu)a,:

r hlocl:
_---"_
. .....
..-..-

I",o

.,,

""

1VI

a..'i + e: 1 ~ d:

\
-'.

-11 -

___
ct _

~,.~.,.

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

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P,1:3

f\
_\rpf:j'IDIX'
..,........---............... ,.... .

l===r-~t
I

..

1--

3=

I 'o',.~'

I-r-- / ' ( - ,
"'~-

;:;;:

t,
O
-.

<:t

u.

;:;;:

.,

<.l:

0.5

2:

;::j

'0.5

1.5

1.0

...

)
fREOur:rJCY RATIO '"

A 1

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26-ABR-2007

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P .14

APPD,![) I X A

ALW,'/{'.!3LE A1.\PLI TUDE OF VERTI CAL V18RA TI O:~

-...,
....

""
)

500

1.00 O

2. 000

5.000

10.000

FRF.QUENCY (CYCLES1,1\t :UTE)

A2

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(hbri91 Rojas

APPENDIX A

....
f

PROPERTIES OF COMPACTED MATERIAL

r-.----,------.---------------.----~r_----T---__;

Rflllj.[(' 01

...

e"jilf"

Umil.'q'of
,<:/I{,...',d.'

(II/(
II'('I-,.:M

II/Q(i/lf,/:;

p. c.j,

kit"/rll,,ff.

J:'!$ .. 135

500 850

J!'YII rh. :~Inl'd .. ~,u:'

Gil'

U'dl Jj1T1tlt'd

cp

}lOQ"'.\' J.'"r~dtd .loffll/ll'I,'!h'. J..''uI'd ~~(1It.'1 ",i\'llore,

115 .. 125

:.JO .. 'SO

G,lf

Sill,l' .,(J/'C'/s. "lXJI'/y 1[1'rldrd R,.lI('I-$ilIlrl~S'ill.

I~O

- i,4

SOO - ;oSo

C.:

e/n .w') !t.'"P,.,.,o;. /lrJ<ld,\' ; rm/l'JI I!Jtll'r'l-~t",:cJ. ("111 ,1' .

JlJ 130

250" tOO

Sil'

\:"C'll eJ,"u/,d rtf:f.m

110 J30

J:'O .. COO

SP

pf)j)I"I>' J:r':/'!I'd d. cm

loa - tO

jM - ($'.,Jo

$.1/

S~II-, t.tJ,ldlo. I'rjtuly ~:)d11(J "\fll/J"silt 1l~"\'I:/'J'''.

1 10 .. 125

2Ul)

Sm;d"sllt da,\' miJ.'IIH'I' qJh .'I.I~,:t;I:,' plo!:.-!/(" Jil/('!i.

JiO J30

.........

SC

Cl~;.\"C) $OJIIJ!i. IlDOl"I,\" ;nult'r!

105 ... 12!

150. SilO

AJL

bU)I(:drrif! lillls

SM$C

ML .. CL

tlr;.

$il T,\'t'c

SYiI,/ol

...

11:(;.\III;ljlll

."/~"IfI,,,

ell'IIIt

(/lid

MUI.!:l,

Ilt f1u'('.

1.,,'(.1/"1'11>' sa,ul:.'.

MWf~. fofu.J-gl'tf/'rl /IIj~(I"'Ct.

"t::,' ..

I .. tw,l"

mi\IIIJ'.~.

(kI,\i'~' t.ill$,

j ltol'grl1m" $111 21"~

("1/1)',

9~ ~

110

lOO .. J20

..........

9,1 J!lO

8S 300

OL

()r~QlliC' stlh /f!J1 :.W.rli.r.\'1i, IOI!" ,,!asfrcit,\'.

IJO .. OO

SS JSO

Mil

III1:u::Pllic ('/a)',..}" !oil/~. j'IDS/ir: ,o;i1Is.

70 95

65 .. tiO

CII

1,loI',.:ar;i("

7~

- JOS

SS ..

011

Ol''(wlr (10.\$ (nul Sm) cltl.\f;..

G.i

lOO

Z~O

40 .. JjO

453.1 "2. ~
,

"?lo. c C'

""'-

""l.

~/~"l;.

0.0(("

"\.

A-3

el V,'

JSO" 350

Jt1fWflUlr cNt,\" (;J" 'm.' lo mcdillm jl!h$.tu""iI}"

u,f M'II rftU.tiC'lIY,

:J,

SOl)

el.

(lQ,\":f.

\ ,lo

\.

C-292.00

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}\Pl>l~NDrX

P ,16

(hbri91 Rojas

11/\Cll IL~ l::RY DESCRI l?'l'J:ON

1. CJ:ushing lIead
2. Crushing Ch amber

3. Cli.lshin; Bo,,l
4 Ilain Shaft

5. Ecc(!)ntric

6 . Orive Gear
7 Drive Pulley
, ..
,_o
~

,.
-

.~Vt"

',cOl'.

o:

/'~j

---117:;-.

Foundation

d,'"''

-=-)

-,
,

G'iR.'\'l'ORY CRus;n::R: USED TO CH'JSH

'rhe main shaft,

om:

carl:~'ing

the crllshing head, i5 gyrated al: the botto:n

The crushinq head, as it gy~
;:ates insids the cl"ushillg bO\,'1, n<lrro';.'$ \:;'1" crushing Ci1i1mber on Oli!
sida while wid~ning it on the othcr side, Thu5, ore on narrowing
side 1s crushad whi1e or! on "ideoning sido i5 dropped dOl'lnward by the
OJ:"ce o gravi ty.
This process continuOs until ore 15 reduced sufficiently in size to poss thru gap at thc bottam af the crushing
chambor.
O;;C.:1use 01: tlle accontric 9yration of crushing head, a centrifugal force is creatod which imparts vibrations to the foundatian.

by meon5 of eccentric und clrive gQ~r.

'"
'",

1
'~

.......

s rZE :
NEIOIIl' :
OVBR-;,LL lIEIGilT:
GYM'rrONS/;HL~
CAl?ACITY:
CENTRIFUGAL FORCE:

4'-0 to 9'-0" (Diameter af crushing head)

30 to GOO l'ons
9'-0" ta 2G'-0"
100 to 225
150 to 5000 TPH
Up to 53 Kips

)
C~202

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(hbri91 Rojas

P ,17

l. crushing Head

2. crushing Chamber
3. crush:lng Bowl
4. Eccentric
5. Drive Gear

6. Drive Shaft

Top of
lf9undat,ion

,.:;;;.=:t.
,,

"

.
. .... \

..

"

'

CONE CRUSHERS:

,!

USEO TO CRUSH ORE

Con e crushers oparate in a manner basical1y similar to that of

a gyratory crusher. They differ from gyratory crushers in two
aspects: (1) Crushing head f1ares much,more rapid1Y, the depth
o crushing head i5 on1y about one-third ita diameter at base.
(2) The throw of the crushing head is considerably bigger in
cone crusher than in gyratory crusher. Thus, gyratory cru5hers
crush by pinching preasura while cone crushers crushea by impact bloW5, Cone crushers are generally usad as primary or,
secondary crushers and have sma1ler capacity than gyratory crushera.
GENERAL INFORMATION
SIZE:
WEIGHT:
OVER-ALL HEIGHT:
GYRATIONS/MIN:
CAPACITY: '
CE:~TRIFUGl\.L FORCE:

2'-0" to 7'-0" (Diameter of Crushing Head)

5 te 100 Tona
4 ' -O Oto 11' -O "

212 to357
15 to 1000 TPH

Up to 2S Kips ,

tr
2-2

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P .18

(hbri91 Rojas

.r'

l. Filwel .Ja\\'
(Plate)

-'

,
/ '

~~[-'~

...1

a\

.1.

'J9

,:.,> .... ,i\..

." .'....

1 ,- -, :'

.4-:l

__

-J

(~"

'7!i>

:., r

.~

--

t;lI

'<J'

5. Shart

r:;:'=r
~.
. ,

......

... . ... . ". , "

"

.I=..=i~~.

)
... '"
~- ... -

' .... ~

"""" .. "l "':"':"":'1

';'::'~:'-='-

,;;ro. "1
i
..

"

: ' ',' '!I

_1'-.. . . . . . . . . . .
:~

_1- . i - -

JAW CHTJ5FFR: Uf'ED TO

r,
"l"

_.-

-~'''::''::'':-'1',"" -~
Top of_f.0J!l!.c!ation

l """',
1 ""

4. Fcccl1tric

'\ '.... /
1,.",."/

3. Crllshing Chamber

6. Flywheel

j'

I ,
,

-;:.-~'.:.=;-"----

.f:. \. \.'-'./)J J. ". l'

""-

' .

(Pl ato)

~J-j~FJL",~/r::j.I ~~-:/.>!\.L'-:-It7,.' . : .,
; ~), /
'
I[

2. Movablc Jaw

c:m'SH

01\T:'

A jaw crusher consists Ol a fxp.d plaic 01' .in\'.' ano a mo.'nble plat<, which
is !'le on an an:le COll\'c"ging dowm':al'l with a fheo pla1e. 1'llc pace
bctwc<,n tilo t\\'o jH\\'$ ,r:onstitutcs the Cl'\Isher chambcr. Tbe mo\'able platE!
is E:'c(~('ntricnlly cOl1n~ct('d to a shuft ano nywhecl ~':hich in ttH'n ll.re con~
ncctC'd lo n sourc~' Qf powcr. J\s the f1~'wh"cl and sbaft rotate, the movai.lle
1'1::\l.c i:o c:'1.\lscd to nppI"oll.ch nnd re-ccdc from f;,:c.cl plateo Whcn the movablp.
pInte appl'ouchC's, the- ore in lh!;! cl'ushing C'hamber is crush('d and \\'11on it
rC'(~('ikB, thE' 01'(' d'ops dOWll\\'Ulel. Tlds pI'OCC1SS cOlltinues until lhe al'e .
i$ 'oducc>t! sllfficit'nlly in Si7.(.' lo pClSS thru mnimum gap bNwecn twa jaws.
GE:-\Ff:A L J:--IrOp.:\1ATJO:-\

3")(12",to 48"x60"

SIZE
.~

"

WEJGJ!T
P. PiI.\
OVlm-J\I"JJ PF.WTl1'
OVEn -ALr" PLl\:-\ J)Jl\1E:-\SION:

(Dil'tnnc belw(!Cl1 juws x Widlh of jaws)

1 ton to 75 tons

22;, lo ,125
3'6" to 14'~O"
3'-G" x 4'-3" to 9 1 -6/1 x 15'-0"

B - 3

C-2C12.00

26-ABR-2007

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---------------_..

P P. C> [-,L.E. M

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_-----~-

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CR(jS\~~R FO U 1...1 DA,TI O!,i ~\-IO\'iJ:-.J It-.l -:I'-'UR.2..

fo Ro 1 \4 '2.. I:..IJI P Lt TU DS. O ; \ \-.1!) 1) r.:..:::. D \J \ '5 ~,:::,A.. i lO \~\

CI\;;'C\/.. \.\1!.

tI 1.
AI.J!.>

r- R. E.Q.E W c.'i

R/", \ O

ASS.Ul.1\ P'\O!-..\S :
(') l 1'3. 'St;;UI..I'\";q:>

\...\t.: T\.J,~ i!CU,.lD,t..,\Of-.!.

S. \~ O V.J t,', ! S /. j;.~. C:1 U l'... '\ t:... \._ '{ ~ 1:_ \ N :-:0 r:U.::.-() r- O
S T!}.\ I e A, i'J D \)"::.J ;'.lV'1 \ C. LO:"'.>;. t:.? PU ~~ D.

(?

T'l,':

o:.) 'C\~;'-:" \l'J;~I""\.\T cr: -::OCR"".!;..1":S ,CP,OE.'=. /,!.11") M\S.C(?~~

(..L A. ).\ IC_ ~.) S. S \:.~ L. ..\ 1"r... c.: :~, ~;'~D o :~ t:> ,!).)) D: \~\ G \' c>
IHti.. V./2.1G.\-\\ Cr:, 'i'r\':.. Fou f..\:l::":::'."\\C)-...l \~.,. lCil-Jo:.:c-T
AS It..lS,\G1J\;ICI.... :..qL'{ S\-.'\:::..LL.

-..
,

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'"

"

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l \

()
u
_
L""I',

S:, \-\

1
...

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CF 11-..\ t=...R\' \,::.,

f IG (Y2..~

11-.1

<~

...ti

'.\.

1+'\"":"

-,.....,Ut:"
,,-t";le.. .. . . .
~:_
".0:..',"' ':"'- r.: . . -,;J J ,. .... '::....

"-

t:... 9.... r \t....r\ A.."'7 !.~ P

~ IS

F r~(') ':./.

=-

H\E. VJUC;..( OFCR\)SI-l:;:::'\:;:s , 1 1-\ E.

\ :-' P.tJ t> T\-\E. eRl):s\-'.:::"'Q ~P'E.DS

t)~ !~...\.1_A I.J.C.:::"D

4, R. E...

G \ "E-I.J

FoRe.. ::'

1::."\

1\.\. E. h\ /",." 1.. 1 F ,~, c. TU R. s.. R

R So. f' O ::;:'. T

\/!'.. U..'>E,

0\= 1HE.

f-oR

11-..1 D \

T\-\S

eA

\" G..!'-;,

S.0?fOR'TII--l(;;

R s.';: t::.. R ,'<.1 t-..I ~

TO

R'"

P /~ G.; i:..
0.10

1-\ /'l..'T

tv\oDULUS

'SOIL

TI',

01="

(d) A: LL e RL>SI\ F?.

Fa RC.;: S. AQ, S. A. s.. s. U:v\ ~o - Cl
f ....C ll.J UW \ 501...\ To PRO'DU::'S TI--\~ t,/'o::;.\
S S \,1 E.. r;::~. c:; t...l :.>\ "T 1O :.J. S

\JZ
,I

r.:~

o \<,1 ~J .

'\ \-\ S. '5 C> i L.

-j

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t:::,:
E..

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la

p,., c.. o

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R,,~

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