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ALL
AND

MUSCLES
ELASTICITY

AND

ALL WHEN OP BODY,

ORGANS PROPERLY HEALTH, AND A

INCREASE

IN

SIZE, THIS

STRENGTH
IS
THE

HXEHCISED.
STRENGTH,

PRINCIPAL

SECRET

ELASTICITY

OF

LONG

IJPB

OLD
ITS

AGE
AND
STORY
OF

CAUSE
THE AND

PREVENTION
AN OLD BODY

FACE

MADE

YOUNG

By
"the

SANFORD
man who OF
GREW

^ENNETT
YOUNG
AT

SEVENTY**
IN

AUTHOR

"exercising

BED"

Tompkins
--^

County
Ithaca,
N.

Library
Y.

I
;I

PtTBLISHED

BY

The

Physical
NEW

Culture
YORK
CITY,

Publishing
U.
S. A.

Co.

Wlk

COFTBIGHTED,
SANFORD

1912.

BT

BENNETT

The

Physical New

Culture York

Publishing
City,

Company
A.

U.

S.

dedicate

this

book

to

my

daughter,

my

first

pupil

in

the

greatest

of

all

sciences:

the

science

of

HEALTH

Contents
PAGE

From

1841

to 1912

17

Why

I Have

Written

This Book

'.
". . .

"8

Clinical Reports
5th, 1895;

of Dr. Carl

Renz,

San

Francisco, Cal., February


15th, 1912
42 49 60

April 1st, 1906;

February

Old Age

"

Its Cause

and Prevention

The Will in Exercising

Exercising in Bed
Thirty Exercises

75

(Illustrated)
Consumption

82 89

Things to Be Remembered

Sunlight and Fresh Air


The Fasting

vs.

106 122

Cure
Digestion

The

Secret of Good

137 146

Dyspepsia How

I Strengthened

My

Eyes

150 154

The Liver
Deep Breathing Exercise for the Development

of the Lungs

163

Internal Cleanliness

168 170 174

External Cleanliness
Rheumatism
Varicose Veins in the Legs; The Cause and

Cure
Old Age

178 183

Concerning The

Various

Methods

Proposed

to Defer

Subconscious How
I Think

Mind;

Its Influence

Upon
,

the Body;

Why

and
209 218

Christian Science Cures Life

The

Duration

of Human

The Hair

229

PAGE

ThetBeduction

of

an

Obese Abdomen
of
an

237

Exercises for the Reduction

Obese

Abdomen and Neck

241
243

The

Rejuvenation of
Muscles

the Face, Throat of the Chin

Developing The The

the Muscles

and

Jaws

253 2i35

of the Cheeks Mask. Designed for Softening the Skin

Metal

Face

and

Improving
203

the Complexion
:

Exercise for Developing for the Muscles

the Cheeks
*

272 274

of the Chin
Muscles

Rapid
The The

Development

of the Supporting

of the Cheeks

277
281 285 293

Lines of Age

Muscles

of the Throat Muscles

Exercising the Throat


Ninon

de L'Enclos, "The the Muscles

Woman

Who

Never

Grew

Old" Muscles

298 305

Developing
The

of the Neck

and Abdominal
,

Skin
Which Cover the Shoulder

307

Exercising the Muscles

Blades

313 315 317

Exercise for the Development The Neck


Neck Exercises

of the Throat

Muscles

320

Developing

the Sides of the Neck Exercise for Two Exercise, With Device Hands Massage of the Upper Arm

322 325 328 331 335

Dumb-bell Dumb-bell

Stretching Board

for Broadening the Shoulders

the Shoulders

Exercise for Broadening

Exercise for Developing


Development Development

the Shoulder-Blade

Muscles

337 339

of the Legs, With

Lifting Device
Exercises
....

of the Calves of the Legs by Resistance the Loins the Lower Abdominal Loins

344 346

Exercise for Strengthening Exercise for Strengthening Exercise for Strengthening

Muscles-

349 353 355

the Sides and Body


V'

Tensing Exercise for the Whole

PAGE

Resistance Exercise for the Back


Resistance Exercise for the Back

and Loins and Loins

"

Number
Number

1 2

358 359

"

Exercises for the Back

and Shoulder
"

Muscles

361
1 363 365 367

Resistance Exercise for the Forearm


Resistance Exercise for the Arms
" "

Number
2

Number
3

Resistance for the Arms

Number Back

Exercise for Developing


Exercise for the Hips
Percussion Exercise

Muscles

of Arms

369 371

and Loins for Strengthening the Digestion


1 2

the

Abdominal

Muscles,
373 376 379 381 383 387

and Improving Bar Exercise


"

Number

Bar Exercise"

Nimber

The Lifting Board To


a

"Good

Sport"

In Conclusion As to Questions That

May

Arise

392

ni

Illustrations
PACING

PAGE

SANFORD Sanford

BENNETT"

At
at

72 72

and

at

50

.*.

Froniispieoe
27 34 38

Bennett"

PrqAle

Full-length Portrait, Showing Development Development Full Length;


of Shoulders and

General Development
Back
,

of Shoulders and Biceps Side View, Showing


"

39
48

General Development

Chest Development

Front

View
of the Back

51
74

Result of Exercising the Muscles A Young,

Successful Disciple of This System


Plate
"

of Physical

Culture

81 87 88

Anatomical Anatomical

Muscles

of the Human

Body ; Back
Arm Lying

View

Plate

"

Muscles of the Upper


"

Illustrations of
The Liver
The The The Liver
"

30 Exercises

All Practiced While

in BoJ

91-105 156 15S 160 162

First Exercise

"

Second

Exercise

Liver"

Third Exercise
Breathing
"

Result of Deep
of Digestion

Organs

Anatomical

Plate

167 173

Uric Acid Crystals Anatomical Anatomical


Plate Plate
"

Valves of the Veins


^Varicose Veins
"

176

"

177
228 242

Cross Section of Skin


The Flabby Anatomical Anatomical Face Mask
"

Showing

Hair-shaft, Etc

Cheeks Plate
Plate
"

of Old Age Muscles Muscles


How

Surrounding
of the Throat

the Eyes

251 252

"

Relaxed

Showing

Attached ix

to the Face

262

FACING

PAGE

Face Mask Rapid

with Electric Battery


of the Supporting Muscles of the

263

Development

Cheeks

"

July The

5th and
Face

October
of Youth

26th, 1909

S76-277
279 280 286

Smooth

The Lines of Age


The Thi-oat of Youth of Age

The Throat
Anatomical

287

Plate
"

Muscles

of the Throat,

Head

Thrown

Back.

292 294 296 300

Developing
The

Muscles

of the Throat

Result of Throat

and Neck

Exercises

Ninon

de L'Enclos, at Age

of 70 and
at Age

Exercising the Back Development of Neck

of the Neck Muscles

Abdominal
67

Muscles

304
306 312

Exercising Shoulder Blade Muscles Developing Anatomical the Throat Muscles

314

Plate

"

Back,

Neck

and Arms by Tension

316
....

Exercising the Back

Muscles

of the Neck of the Neck

Exercise
'.

319 321

Exercising the Side Muscles Dumb-bell Dumb-bell The Exercise" No. 1

324

Exercise With

Massage

of the Upper

Arm

"

No.

327 330 334 336

Shoulder

Stretching Board

Broadening

the Shoulders Muscles


Muscles,

Exercising Shoulder Developing Developing Developing Developing

the Climbing the Chmbing the Loin the Lower

With

Lifting De^dce Exercise

338 343 345

Muscles,

by Resistance

Muscles

Abdominal

Muscles

348 352 354

Exercising Muscles Developing

of the Sides
Body by Tension
"

the Whole

Exercising the Back


Exercising the Back Developing

and Loins and Loins

First Exercise

367
360 362

"

Second

Exercise

the Fore- Arms

by Resistance
X

FACING

PAGE

Developing
Arm

Arms

by Resistance

364 366

Twisting

Exercise

Exercising Back
Hip

Muscles

of the Arms

368 370

and Loin Exercise


the Abdominal No.
1

Strengthening
Bar Exercise
"

Muscles

by Percussion

372 375 378 380

Bar Exercise" The My

No. 2

Lifting Board
Hill Chums"

"Out

for

Quail Shoot"
Bennett

385 386 391

"Buena

Vista," Home We

of Sanford

I Move

Adjourn

From

1841 to 1912

presented in this book are based upon my successful personal experien in the art of physical tion rejuvenain advanced is the years, and this success result bf long and persistent investigation of the causes of physical old age and the practice for its prevention. These of Nature's methods investigations, combined with twenty-five years body, have taught upon my own of experiments how to postpone me that unpleasant condition. I am not theorizing or writing the experiences one of some else, but verify the truth of my by my own statements dition youthful physical conIf my was case at seventy -two. simply one years, of physical preservation in advanced other instances would be cited equally unusual, but rnine is not a case of physical preservation. It is one of physical acquisition or of acquiring the elasticity, strength istic and health character-

ALL

statements

"at three score and ten," an age of youth hitherto been has improvement such when supposed to be impqssible. Many At fifty I was physically an old man. had reyears sulted of a too active business career I break-down. was in a general then
17

OLD

AGE

"

ITS

CAUSE

face wrinkled, partially bald, cheeks sunken, drawn haggard, muscles and atrophied, and dyspepsia filially rethirty years of chronic sulted in catarrh with acid of the stomach, its agonies. I rheumatism periodically adding peration was an the desold man and Ipoked it. It was to underwhich induced me take of my case I have these experiments. many made mistakes which it has required time to rectify, but the desire to live has impelled me to struggle But the road on and finally I have succeeded. has not been easy, as lacking to that success own guides, I had to pioneer my experienced to be long and a over way road that proved difficult. Another that great obstacle was, the customs of my short-lived family could be readily abandoned. If any of us were not "took for it," promptly something sick we bought we at a drug store. which something In my many sicknesses as a child I have had an
most with apparently anxious alleged medicinal remedies ^anything my relatives could think of, or an allopathic family physician advised. It is a depressing list to look back upon. It from "Adams Calomel Pills" to "Zeeranges Fever World Ague handlers Renowned and But I think I have sampled Cure." them all. Naturally, I grew up with a firm belief that in medicines lay the only curative process, and I regarded drug stores as life-saving stations,

intimate

acquaintance

"

18

AND

PREVENTION

in that belief until I had reached I remained broke down. The enuthe age of fifty, and meration at that age is a of my physical woes truthful statement of the conditions then existing. in my And I now year seventy-second present the healthy conditions of an athlete in training and the appearance of a man of little half of my Under more than these years. is too obvious to be success conditions my The fact is unacceptable it as overlooked. be to the vast numbers may of the medical profession, and also to the industries connected it continu ^Isucceeded only after I had diswith Health be cannot all medicines. found in drug store prescriptions, nor life can be materially prolonged by any medical preparations. The solution of the problem lies only in Nature's principal methods of inducing health ing sunlight, pure air, pure water, nourishfood, cleanliness and exercise. Given these factors and an important most observance of know laws hygiene, as we the general what of health and a long life are possible, and usually But without these conditions, very probable. they are not obtainable and the long category of medicinal remedies with which the world has been afflictedwill not replace such conditions. I have is possible to What accomplished almost any one who is not organically so wrong But to be hopeless. to the average as man or woman that of whose condition is simply
" " " "

19

OLD

AGE

"

ITS

CAUSE

"old deterioration, termed general physical Follow this message age," I extend of hope: I have my will be yours. example and success "three been an over now at old man, and man score a young again, and and ten" I am man look it. Really, I am now a younger in the best period oi my physically than I was thirty-five. In some at say early manhood, have I seem to the respects, accomplished to a considerable fabled miracle of Faust as I have transformed an extent old body into a one, young and this without the aid of Faust's from his exfriend, or any tremely supplies obtained popular medical departments. been compelled As I have to said, I have find the right path alone, for although I read the matter extensively upon of which I write, found a satisfactory guide book to the I never based upon that is, one the goal I sought; author's authenticated personal experiences. A is clearly shown by Lewis part of the way Cor^iaro, a Venetian lived to who nobleman hundred the age of one years, dying at Padua The April 26th, 1566. is, title of that book "Sure Certain Methods A and of Attaining Life." But Long you and Healthy will find dietetic rules more the same clearly explained in almost any health book, especially in Horace The point of interest is that Fletcher's works. Cornaro, the author, Lewis the tvuth proved by his own exof his statements personal
20

AND

PREVENTION

that is justwhat I have done, periences. And I shall tell you how in this book. My as ments stateby which I succeeded of the methods will therefore be of interest. I have found many cases well-authenticated have lived nearly to the limit of persons who life, that is, one hundred years; of human
several

have reached that period, but no who instance being human authenticated of any (say after the age of years who, in advanced fifty or considsixty),had regained to any erable degree the physical conditions and appearanc Counterfeits, yes, but like of youth. all counterfeits, detection finally resulted. "A is as old as his arteries" is a well-worn man

be added, that woman truism, to which may is sometimes her aras seeiningly as young tifice her But that appear. miake would condition is unsatisfactory and easily detected by other women, as a who, rule, are usually come bein that direction. But experts you when I practice, you by the methods young
muster will pass investigation. At

the most searching under least, that has been my experienc

with the various clinical examinations I could body by the most of my able surgeon by other find. More superficial examinations interested scientists have also been frequently result. My made, but always with the same is, that while all who me see trouble now half than that I look but little more agree

OLD
my age,

AGE
they
express

"

ITS
doubt

CAUSE
that I
am

in my

year. seventy-second There is httle difficulty in proving that I Pa., January born in Philadelphia, 4th, was Therefore, I reached my 1841. seventy-second birthday upon the fourth day of January, 1912. kind of dubious Furthermore, I have war a record, which is not difficult to verify, not a I must brilliant one, very admit, but I don't I occupied for a time the regret it. In 1861 general clerk for position of bookkeeper and

the

attached sutler or storekeeper regimental delphia. "Baxter Zouaves" to the of Philaregiment We were stationed at Harper's Ferry, in the That Virginia. regiment participated disastrous battle of Ball's Bluff, fought across The date of that the river at that point. I 1861. October bloody 21st, was action life by staying with the saved my probably fore, the safe side of the river. Therestores upon I took no part in the fight and am glad I did not. We men," were all "three months' and when a lot of us
at

term end of our of service were permitted to go home, I promptly cidenta Inavailed myself of the chance, and went. I would have reniark that I would if I could. is why, That sooner gone very Decoration probably, I have missed the glory upon Day, of being one ored of the nation's honTo the best of my dead. recollection I was a battle-scarred veteran only to the extent of

the

23

AND
my

PREVENTION

baggy red pants and silver-buttoned jacket. That is my It has nothing to war record. do with my system of physical rejuvenation, I was but verifies my man then a young age. tion of twenty-one and I occupied a responsible posiwhich could not have been filledby a boy. The truth of my statement regarding my age
the next admitted, explanation of my by outphysical rejuvenation, siders, always advanced is that I must be abnormally endowed This is also a miswith the vital principle. take. My father died of consumption at the dyspeptic man, age of forty-two, a nervous, "taking something always ailing, and always for it." But through it all,he was an energetic, his goal, financial successful business man; health, a success; secondary consideration; forty-two. The same type the result, death at in all large cities. see you everywhere of man disabilities father's physical I inherited my and also, to a great extent, his characteristics. into With such hereditary tendencies I came a 4th, 1841, this life January sickly little
no ever one child, whom live through to to childhood, and expected impossibility. an maturity whom seemed reaching But "there is a Divinity that shapes our ends, rough hew them as we will," and now I realize that my at seventy-two, mission in be to' show others Nature's simple this lifemust
nervous

being

shred

of

methods of health, and how


.23

by their observance

OLD
our

AGE
here may

"

ITS

CAUSE

be prolonged and lost physical an be regained, this, at age may youth has heretofore been when such improvement supposed to be impossible. These were the unfavorable conditions of hood boyfeeble childhood, and throughout my my was the haunting spectre of consumption
stay
ever

present.

I engaged in father's example of my mercantile pursuits, and the conduct business life was similar to his, similar to that in this country. of all high-pressure business men Then out with at fifty,worried and worn dustry, inthe financial cares of a great mercantile suffering from lack of exercise, hurried Ufe, I col"no-time-to-spare" a meals lapsed. and The brink of the precipice had been A me rest gave month's enforced reached. the discouraging sitample time to think over uation. Then I woke up to the realization that I was almost a subjectfor Osier's chloroform I decided to turn over leaf. a new treatment. I did is set forth in this book. What This summary life will dispose of the of my able favoror suggestion of favorable environment We are physical antecedents. not a longlived family, either upon my father's or mother's side. They have all long ago solved the great, mystery ^father,mother, sister,brother, uncles Following
my
"

and aunts Under

all gone. these conditions


iA

my

start

in

life

AND
cannot

PREVENTION
There That
to the

be said to l^ve been favorable. is stillanother to be answered. (jtuesl"jj is: Might not m% return

conditions of youth atavism, that a'^ase long had some one ancestors of my T"^(i^en been instance of the I an phenomena at sixty I fotimld tainly present? When "^atI was certhat qt3festt"m growing younger, also presented itself to me. I therefore investig

uim'^edented bte of
''"3^i^

famn^ the antecedents and of my its branches for nearly two hundted years. The result of that search evidenced the fact that I from a long-lived race, descended nor am not are there any instances of its individuals who have lived to an unusual age. it is therefore As a summary of the matter
evident,
that
my

thorc^^ly

physical reunprecedented juven is due to not any at seventy-two favorable environments hereditary advantage, or physical peculiarity. Narrowing the investigation, it becomes evident due to was that such rejuvenation either some article of food, or medicinal of life, method As to the latter, my views have preparation. been so frequently and decidedly expressed as to at once eliminate that hypothesis. Regarding any of diet being a means of rational system dietary health, decidedly yes, but that any system alone or any article of food could have I have accomplished produced the results which is impossible.
26

OLD

AGE

"

ITS

CAUSE

The term of our stay upon this earth is surely influenced by the food taken to sustain life. I eat individual. But I am an omnivorous I like and perhaps as eat too much, whatever Furthermore, I I have a small-boy appetite. have some bad habits and as I am the upon a witness stand I will confess that I smoke little and usually drink beer or claret at my I never take either only then. meals, but brandy, as the percentage or whiskey hol of alcocontained, in either is too great and both have a speedy me. and very bad effect upon And when I find anything disagrees with me, or any particular way of life is hurtful, I don't or at least, with caution, and to go that way, limited extent. The light claret and a very to agree small amount of beer I drink seems and while the one mild post-prandial I is, diem I think, a bad and per cigar smoke inadvisable habit, I do not, as yet, find any evil effect from it. If I did, then that habit be discontinued. would at once After this confession of my various shortcomings,
with
me

small opinion of alleged infallible, medicinal remedies and an evident inattention to a strict dietary regime, the question will Then is by the naturally arise: what method I have transformed ah which old, worn-out into an body elastic, healthy and to all appearance That is the a one.? young subject

of subsequent

chapters.
26

SANFORD

BENNETT smooth throat

AT

72

Note

the

lines

27

Why

I Have
book
is
a

Written

This

Book

own personal record of my Physical Rein the art of juvena experience of the with a clear account by which, at the age of seventy-two, methods I have thrown off the conditions of age, and have And become, man again. physically, a young the use this has been without accomplished What of any nature. of medicinal preparations is, most has been possible in my case probably, The in justas possible yours. methods by which I have made this isuccess have the advantage of being without cost, and as the directions for the exercises I practice are so clearly described and illustrated, you will need no other instructor There than are no this book. technical or

THIS

to puzzle you, therefore you will scientificnames that which follows: readily comprehend The muscular contractions and alternate relaxati body, of every muscle of the which are are the basis of this system, all performed while lying in bed. "Exercising Hence, in the title Bed," given to my former publications upon the The I describe will, if permethods sistentl

subject.
improved

practiced, result in and methodically circulation, healthy glandular activity,


28

OLD and

AGE

"

ITS

CAUSE

life. My own your materially prolong "three case of physical rejuvenationat over has attracted a great deal of score and ten" attention, and has been very extensively commented by the press, the articles genupon erally the caption of "The appearing under Man Grew Young At Seventy." Who "write ups" and Attracted by these numerous
the simplicity of my of physical ture, methods culfollowed my others have example and has reached the now that "Exercising in Bed"

people are practicing sixth edition, a great many are these exercises and enthusiastic converts to man's" this "lazy system of obtaining As a consehealth, and getting young quence, again. I have been the recipient of a great mass valuable suggestions. of letters, and many My ability for stealing, and then adapting, to my own the good ideas of other purposes, people,

own personal exwith my perienc combined in has resulted the really valuable book I now the title of which is, Old present, Prevention. I believe Age Its Cause and it to be the best compilation the art of upon Physical Rejuvenation, through Nature's methods, Indeed it must which has yet appeared.
"

be,

of of a century after nearly a quarter constant ing practicing, reading and experimentin this direction, I have adapted (stolen, if you the best, logical and proven valuable,
as

will)

suggestions

of the most

able writers upon

this

OLD

AGE

"

ITS
to

CAUSE

these valuable suggestions own my successful experience in getting young again, I feel confident that after reading I declare that it you will agree with me when It is impossible for "this is a valuable book." to give due credit to all of the authorities me ideas I have appropriated, whose after I had demonstrated own their value by my personal if any of these writers should in experience, and across this book run something that is familiar, something for v/hich they feel they should have of the Chicago Pork credit, I will quote the case traits. Packer, who bought a gallery of Ancestral Por"I don't know Ancestors they whose were," said he, "but by Gosh, they're mine now, 'em have some and I'm going to let needed improvements. Regarding the antiquated my criticisms upon allopathic methods and dangerous of treating disease, the "dose 'em long as they as will it" type, I have nothing stand .to retract. From babyhood to the age of fifty, I suffered from those methods was a and never well man until I ceased the habit of "taking something for it" when I was Now, the least indisposed. I am I think of that prowhen mad all over longed, distressing experience. Nature does that way not cure and a long, healthy life is not possible by the practice of such antiquated Those have had the same exwho methods. perienc You find me. will my will agree with
' '

and by adding subject,

30

AND
views
upon

PREVENTION

this matter again and again expressed book, is throughout a this which plea for Nature's methods therefore a protest of cure, "remedies," against the alleged medicinal which so nearly ended my existence. I repeat, that a long and healthy life is not possible by healthy man a was such methods and I never until I realized that fact. Many not wholly agree of my readers may to the danger of the medicine habit, as with me but anyhow that you will find my views upon fully ventilated later on. The "dose matter
practitioners of the allopathic school of the medical profession, also the drug interests, will is a fool, don't undoubtedly say, "the man know he is talking about, and both he what his health To are nonsense." system and I will answer Mrs. Mulligan those objectors as did to the widow Casey, "You are all that that I'm you say I am, and a good deal more
'em"

"

thinkin'." The drug prescription and patent medicine business is at present a powerful industry, and if I were personally giving advice either written or verbally for a fee, I would hesitate before "treading upon the coat tails" of such a powerful "practice," But I do not organization. neither have I pupils, classes nor anything to to keep up my sell,and I propose test written proful against the stupid, antiquated and harmmethods of drug dosing, allopathic practices.
a

OLD
as

AGE
as

"

ITS

CAUSE

It is all wrong, there is -a ill-health, and that is the better way to cure I show you in this book. way in regaining at seventy-two, My the success health and characteristic elasticity of body, healthful youth has been so of the condition of that it is absolutely convincing. remarkable I live. The annals of medicine cannot case any show in which, by the use alone, such of medicines been obtained, and I will add, results have they never at an age past the will, and now, life, I Biblical limitation of human erroneous be to show mission here must realize that my has led to my success. others the pafh which I have written That is one why of the reasons is another There this book. and less noble incentive, the same natural desire which prompts pitals, the donation of libraries, endowment of hosthe installation of stained glass windows in churches, or the insertion of slabs in public buildings, all bearing the donors' names and in many cases, as many of his or her alleged The or real virtues as the space. will permit. instinct which Mr. J. Fitzsame prompts U. S. A., to clarence Kilgubbin, of Oshkosh, the apex upon scratch his illustrious name of or the coat-tails of the Sphinx. the pyramids Still, I will plead some extenuating circumstances. In a way, I was compelled to write and pubUsh my experiences in to rejuvenation.I came forty years Francisco in the San ago, and
32

"long

FRONT

VIEW

SHOWING AT

GENERAL

DEVELOPMENT

SEVENTY-TWO

34

OLD
hurry Then

AGE

"

ITS

CAUSE

old. of business life I became and worry after the age of fifty I reversed the young again. of life and grew ordinary course This infraction of what, from experience, we know as the usual rule of life,attracted a good Finally I agreed to write deal of attention. Chronicle, a series of for the San Francisco the articles upon subject; describing the by which I had accomplished unmy precede methods Here is what started
an the trouble and made me author: San Francisco Chronicle, Sunday,

rejuvenation.

November

25th, 1906. "To the financial, manufacturing tile and mercanis more interests of this pity, no man widely For many known than Sanford Bennett. years Treasurer of the San Francisco Board of he was Secretary Trade, and for over twenty years was Camgan and Hayden and Treasurer of Dunham At fifty years of age, Mr. Bennett Company. Today, was an and looked the part. old man at the age of sixty-six, he looks to be thirtyfive or forty, and feels it," As for ten thereafter, I regularly months
,

Sunday. Chronicle with a series of excellently illustrated articles describing the by which I had accomplished remy methods juven "written was up" extensively and States and England, the the United all over amount of free advertising and correspondence I was be readily imagined. unresulting can furnished the
35

OLD

AGE

"

ITS

CAUSE

the letters which poured in upon able to answer from all parts of the country. To solve the me difficulty I finally assembled the published into book form, adopting the matter newspaper issuing an in Bed," title, "Exercising quaint
copies, as in that way edition of two thousand That edition I hoped to answer all questions. but after discovering was speedily exhausted, some mistakes and omissions in that firstbook, it, using nearly the same I re-wrote title, but
new matter. with the addition of much Physical by The This last book, published York, Publishing Culture Company, of New prove had a very large sale. It is not possible to imthe system upon of exercises described in

the muscular contractions and relaxations there described, bring into muscle activity every of the body, therefore, you will find that system of exercise included and fully described and illustrated, in this last
as

"Exercising

in Bed,"

literary effort of mine. Since I commenced esting this interwriting upon matter, ago, I have, through six years unremitting study, investigations, and personal experiments, added much valuable information Therefore, I believe in Old to the matter. Prevention, Age Its Cause and you will find if considered carefully data and advice which and followed as I direct, will be of great value The to you. greatest of all sciences is the
"

science

of

health, which
39

includes

the

most

AND

PREVENTION

effective means of prolonging life by Nature's methods. A large number of letters have been received from ladies, and frequently from the sterner
venaasking my advice as to methods of rieju The information desired ting the face and throat. that will be found in the chapters upon subject, the exercises I have devised and practiced, therefore, being illustrated and clearly described. You will find them, very effective

sex,

all of the exercises to the number of thirty, in the chapter "Exercising you will find illustrated in Bed." These exercises have been placed in the order 1 have found most for convenient

and

devices I no longer use, I as have discovered they are not essary absolutely necfor physical development, but as many them, and as they appeared people insist upon in my first publications upon the they subject, included in this book. The directions and are illustrations for these muscular contractions and

practice. Mechanical

stood; relaxations are simple and easily understruct intherefore, you should not need an if you will carefully read and remember directions. As to the proof of my cess sucmy in advanced in the art of years,

I refer you to the portrait which on appears iii of this book. This photograph was page ary taken upon my seventy -second birthday, Januit with the picture Compare 4th, 1912.
37

rejuvenation

Development

of the

Shoulders

and

Muscles

of the

Back

38

Development

of

Shoulders

and

Biceps

at

Age

72

OLD
facing

AGE

"

ITS

CAUSE

it, which was taken at the age of fifty You the possiyears. bilities appreciate will then 'system of the of physical culture rejuven described in these pages. I repeat that I have nothing to sell and must instruction, but feel decline giving personal I have done you absolutely certain that what do. I practice what I preach and have made can a great success of it and so will you if you will The directions. out my carry chapter upon the power of the will in exercise is of the most You will vital importance; read it carefully. in this or any find there the key note of success other system The

of exercise. or pearanc preservation of the aprejuvenation of youth, as far as the face, throat and I have referred, neck are concerned, to which seem may superfluous to those who consider the matter point of view. solely from a hygienic But the instructions will probably be of interest for in the exercises and methods to all women, described lies the secret of the remarkable physical preservation of Ninon de L'Enclos, the French beauty, "The Woman Who wonderful Never Grew Old." To a wage earner, or woman, they either man it is an unas themselves, may also commend fortuna fact that the appearance facial of is detriment lessens a age your value as an and Therefore, look young. It may reemployee. quire do to but it some so, time and exertion
40

AND
will pay
you.

PREVENTION

To all men I present and women a system which if followed carefully will surely health and improve your prolong your life. It also has this merit: Nature's methods of cure financial expenditure but they are require no effective, as I have demonstrated. wonderfully The hope that others will 'follow my example is "Why I Have success the same and have Written This Book."

41

Clinical Report
By Dr.

Carl

Renz San

966

Sutter

Street,

Francisco

Sanford Bennett, the author of this book, has been the aminat of frequent professional exsubject during the past eleven years, or, as by my office records, first examination shown February by me 5th, 1895. made When these periodical examinations, commencing he requested that I should keep a careful
Mr.

record of any changes in his physical condition which I might detect, explaining that he had devised a system of muscular contractions and alternate relaxations, which he practiced as he lay in bed, and which he believed would eliminate dead and clogging cellular or the worn-out he could tissue, hoping that in this way nate rejuvehis body, which that at period exhibited the conditions usual after the fiftieth year has His general appearance been passed. was that whose of a man vocation had necessitated an indoor life. The outlines of his first record are:

Height, 5 feet 6 inches. Weight, 136 pounds. Abdomen, with decided embonpoint.
42
'

OLD

AGE

"

ITS

CAUSE

Skin, sallow. Varicose Vein

on

inside

of right

leg

(uses an
Neck,

elastic 14 inches.

stocking).

Skin, around throat, hangingloose. Legs, well developed. Arm Muscles, flabby atrophied and from lack of exercise. deeply lined. Forehead, Hair, thin, dark, streaked with gray on
crown;

Chest

quite bald. Expansion, 3 inches;

symptoms

of arteriosclerosis slightly developed. Hearing and eyesight, good.

Size of Liver, normal. dimensions; Heart, normal


lesion.

no

valvular

Pulse, about 76; not quite regular. Lungs, normal. is Dyspepsia; Complains of Chronic biliousness; distressed after meals;
palpitations. Temperament, very heart
nervous.

Urine, without sugar or albumen ; of high specific gravity; at times containing


uric acid, at others, phosphates. General physical conditions, poor. voted Appearance, that of a man who had demuch attention to his business,
to the

neglect

of his health. Dr.


43

C. Renz.

Clinical
Or After
a

Examination
Lapse
of Eleven Examination.

April
Years

1, 1906
from First

At this date I find a great change in the condition hair, organs, and of the muscles, skin, general health of the subject, who really seems to be rejuvenated. The hair, now ant. gray, has become quite luxuriNo indications of former baldness. The neck, increased to 15 inches, smooth and in appearance, the neck of a very muscular;
young
man.

Throat, full. Skin at this point no longer loose and hanging, but firm. Chin and cheeks, round. Face, smooth; color, excellent. Appearance of face is the that of a healthy, well preserved man of forty or less. The lines which formerly existed have disappeared. The development of the arms, chest, back, shoulders, and abdominal muscles creditable for
athlete of thirty. Heart, sound; no palpitation of pulse. Chest expansion, 5j inches.
an or

irregularity

44

OLD Waist, digestion There integrity has now

AGE
28 inches.

"

ITS

CAUSE
the abdomen;

No

fat around

good. is a remarkable preservation of tissue and functional activity; the subject entered his 66th year, and has all of man. the elasticity and appearance of a young Under these favorable physical conditions it would be pure speculation to hazard an opinion future span to the probable as of life. The proveme examinations record of my shows a steady imof the subjectat an age when such is very improvement this condition unusual; to be due seeming solely to the systematic of muscular contractions and alternate method relaxations which he daily practices. The success has obtained which Mr. Bennett to be a practical verification of the would seem truth of his theory, "that the secret of health, longevity, and elasticity of the body lies solely in the elimination of dead and worn out cellular tissue, which if allowed to remain in the system impede the functions and shorten life; would by which this dead and that the only method be eliminated is by muscular can cellular matter Dr. C, Renz, activity."
,

46

Third
Dr. Carl
Renz, City

Clinical
of Paris

Report
1912,

of
Francisco,

Building, San
ISth,

Cal., February

find any change in the Bennett, Sanford physical condition of Mr. last report of the materially differing from my Aside from a very April 1st, 1906. case made slight degree of arteriosclerosis I do not find any of the senile changes, naturally to be expected at the age of 72, that being the present face is remarkably age of the subject. The The smooth and free from wrinkles. sagging At this date I do not
of the

17 throat, evident chin and He has the apyears ago, are no longer present. pearanc of an unusually well preserved man of his an movements age, and middle evidence The structure elastic body. entire muscular is remarkably He has a normal well developed. digestion. No to be paid to attention seems any particular system of diet, and I regret to little regard to my say that he pays advice Dr. C. Renz. or overeat. not to smoke

cheeks,

I admit the truth of the statement of Dr. Renz as to my bad habits, but as I confidently expect to be 100 years I am that "the good die young," old, and as itis well known afraid to shorten my lifeby being too good. That is the I can only excuse offer for those bad habits, except that I have a ravenous small-boy appetite and thoroughly appreciate But Dr. a good Renz is after-dinner cigar. right, I burning last am box now up my and of cigars, ONE AT A TIME. Sanbobd Bennett.
46

SIDE

VIEW

SHOWING

GENERAL SEVENTY-TWO

DEVELOPMENT

AT

i8

Old

Age

"

Its Cause
we

and

Prevention

know as old age is a disease, like many other diseases it is and For as we advance in years progressive. increases; this being due to the primal cause deposits in the arterial and venous sedimentary If the formation structures. of these deposits is not checked, other parts of the system will later directly sufifer, and a general physical deterioration indirectly result. Under these

WHAT

conditions, the elasticity of youth gives place to the inelasticity of old age. body The a young only difference between to be the elasticity of the seems and an old one former and the inelasticity of the latter. Various other causes of age will be cited by scientistswho but it is undeniable may criticizethis statement, in years, these ever creasi inthat as we advance deposits result in arteriosclerosis; that posits, is, a clogging up of the arteries by chalky dethe final result being general physical iar deterioration. Under these conditions, the familindications of age inevitably appear and we
or of the person so afflicted as an old man If it is possible to eliminate those woman. will clogging deposits, the body sedimentary

speak

49

OLD
"
" "

A(SE

"

ITS
to
a

CAUSE
'

regain

young"wagain. positive from my own life or that if in middle personal j^Q^rience deposits fifst appear, of chalky when by I have regained my physithe cal mefi^q^s which three score at over and ten, are those symptoms will disappear and by deterioration caused them will j^^ioal Jje greatly retarded. finally defy old age, neither can We cannot be transformed into a very a very old body body; but age can certainly be deferred, young by which I have succeeded and the simple means in accomplishing^ this are clearly described in These deposits in the this book. sedimentary to some are extent system similar to the calcareous incrustations which after prolonged use in the tubes of a boiler, especially if the appear If water with lime. used is heavily charged become this is the case, they soon clogged up and unless cleaned are useless, but when cleaned they again resume their of the clogging matter former efficiency. This familiar example will to illustrate the condition serve takes which body. place in the tubes or arteries of the human It is then termed arteriosclerosis. It is a disease of a^e which can not be cured by any posits those demedicinal preparation, neither can be removed from the body by any system of diet. Theoretically and as a laboratory experimen it would seem be prethat they can

^: its and ela^city I am

great

extent

come be-

in^^ions

^u^, prai^c^d,

dO

Showing

Chest

Development

at

72

51

OLD

AGE

"

ITS

CAUSE

foods that are by living only upon vented with lime, but in actual life slightly charged this is so diflBcultas to be practically impossible. To make this clogging process clearer I will terest inEvans' Dr. De Lacy at length from quote Life." While to Prolong work, "How
I do not wholly views upon
agree

tist's scienwith the eminent that certain dietetic methods he means as a artesuggests of preventing rioscler his description of earthy deposits body is a clear, scientific explain the human nation of their character, also of their eflfects the human structure. upon "The feature of old He says: most marked posits age is that fibrinous, gelatinous and earthy dehave taken place, the lattferbeing composed of lime with small chiefly of phosphate and quantities of sulphate of lime, magnesia
traces

of other earths." From a standard work by M. Gubler,

anatomic examination memthickening and induration of the muscular brane is due to the accumulation of a whitey, fatty substance, but yellow, granulous and

dearterial genera "By I also quote: it is found that the


upon

the greater essentially of mineral composition, is represented by the carbonate part of which These deposits natuand earthy phosphates. rally in fife, the process of and with years, result increase jiist will as.the calcareous incrustations form in the boiler tubes, and are justas detri52

AND

PREVENTION

As a consethe human mechanism. quence of these deposits the arteries become, in old age, thickened and lessened in caliber. Thus the supply of blood to the brain becomes less a,nd less,its functions are impaired, and the vigorous brain of middle life gradually gives place to the loss of memory, confusion of ideas, inability to follow a long current of thought, impression and gencarelessness of momentary eral imbecility characteristic of old age." This is a concise summary of of the cause deterioration usual in very mental advanced It also applies to the entire niuscular years. Think and organic structure. of the arteries and capillaries as an intricate network of tubes. Through these tubes the blood containing the body is material required for building yoUr In that to all parts of the body. conveyed posits, deprocess there must naturally be sedimentary the tubes become clogged or and when lessened in caliber, the blood supply to the various organs is insufficient. As a consequence, they deteriorate just as a plant would wither if not properly watered And and nourished. As technically described, it that is old age. is arteriosclerosis, "a filling up and hardening it is possible of the arteries." If by any means posits to eliminate from the system those clogging demation, their further forand also to prevent become then the body will again mental
to

elastic and

the

conditions
S3

of physical youth

OLD
return.

AGE That in my

"

ITS

CAUSE

strated demonthis is possible I have own sible person, and it is justas posby if you to you will adopt the means young again. which I have succeeded in becoming indication is At least in my no of actions there is there any deterioration, nor suggestion physical In fact, the of the gait of an old man. commented actions is always activity of all of my
by the various scientific gentlemen become have interested in my physical who in this direction, condition, and being experts their criticism is significant and to me, valuable.
on or at the age say years, of advanced is usually the gait of an old man seventy-two, longer shuffling and as he walks, the feet are no He does not rise lifted free from the ground. his toes and the soles of his feet are kept upon cumbernearly flat; therefore, he drags them somely and his gait merits the term of shuffling. in the is evidently lessened power There a and a lessened control action of the muscles Gait of Age," but it This is "The over them. crease is there any dedoes not apply in my case, nor in my elasticity. In proof of which in the presence of several scientific and other I ran interested persons, race, at the Stadium track in this city, San Francisco, California, one shortly after my seventy-first birthday, and fifty-five seconds mile in seven minutes (7.55), pulling up at the finish without any dis54

In

AND
tress, and

PREVENTION
by the time I had leisurely divested

myself of my exercising clothes and running shoes, say in'about ten minutes, my pulse was beating as steadily as it was I started. when but This is ridiculously slow time for a runner,
my

only that of a steady jog-trot; action was thirty years my junior, stillany business man, will find the distance in the given time rather more of an effort, and not so easy to recover in his college days. Furtherfrom, than it was more, it would certainly have been impossible for me to accomplish the feat thirty years ago. I do not effort after advise such continued age, but was hibitio willing to give the exmiddle demonstrate to to these gentlemen bodily elasticity and endurance were that my that which might be expected of a man of half heart As the pulsation of my years. of my and the latest returned so quickly to normal is that able surgeon of a very clinical report is in a sound, healthy condition, organ every I believe I am physically in the condition of a face is free from As my healthy young man. age is my wrinkles, the only indication of my hair, and from some that I experiments gray have been making, to which I will refer in the, be possible I think it may succeeding chapters, it to its original color, or at least to restore
to
some

extent.

Upon
artery

from the largest arterial system, to the smallest capillary, man's physical
the
.15

OLD

AGE

"

ITS

CAUSE

It is evident depends. the that condition be kept free from must all arterial system done, for if this is not the clogging matter, are not properly muscles supplied and organs for fore, repairs and therewith blood or material in that condition, will surely deteriorate know as age. and show indications of what we Such a body cannot be healthy or elastic as it would practically be an old body, and the man be aged in such a condition would or woman in number his or her years were even though I am those of youth. of the opinion that the drink has much to do we character of the water deposits, and is a factor in with the sedimentary producing hardening of the arteries. This seems more than probable, as in countries where the is strongly charged water with hme sclerosis arteriois usually prevalent. from Again investigations in this quoting direction made by Dr. De Lacy Evans, he says of The Cretins of the Alps, Pyrenees, or other "Lime these cases or countries where abound: lime is found in excess in the water magnesian distinct causes, and while cretinism has two important is the lime cause the first and most lime taken into the system, or that magnesian is, in water used for drinking purposes." The age of Cretins is short, few of them reach thirty years, and although they die early, they
soon

present
state

the appearance of age, this miserable being due to a great exof existence
56

AND
tent
to premature

PREVENTION

ossification, the hardening of the arteries. One of the remedies proposed by the scientist is the exclusive use of distilled This niethod is in common for the use water. prevention of calcareous incrustations in boiler beings the difficulty of tubes, but with human carrying it into general practice with the great is evident. As a laboratory mass of humanity, to be practiced only by that exceedor ingly method to, to or can afford small minority wha be partially it might it is convenient, whom to be as generally successful, but it would seem difficultto practice as the adoption of a diet of foods carrying the least proportion of lime, which is a plausible theory but not universally

practicable. To become of generally in vogue, any method posits dedeferring age by preventing sedimentary in the system, to any extent or eliminating them ifthey have accrued, must be effective, inexpensive and within the reach of all. in this After many years of experimentation direction, I can that the state confidently I of physical methods rejuvenation which practice fillthose requirements, and as already in stated, you will find them clearly described this book. The process of cleansing the arteries,whether or the most the largest tube in the system be accompHshed microscopic capillary, can only means, that is, by the through mechanical
S7

OLD

AGE

"

ITS

CAUSE

alternate contraction or relaxation of the muscles of the body, that being Nature's method of be accompli cleansing it of such debris. It cannot

by any all medical other means, however highly or preparations, recommended, dietary systems If the arterial to the contrary. be kept clear of these deposits, its can system in the elastic condition charwalls will remain acteristi heart the the of youth, will pump' diiEciilty, while blood through them without the muscles and organs therefore, being properly nourished, will retain their vigor, and the body
the appearance at of youth, even We finally defy old an cannot age. advanced be materially deferred. can age, but its approach That this can be accomplished is demonstrated in my own person, for I have been an old man now am at seventy-two at fifty and young
may

present

again.

dietetic methods of deferring old age as suggested by the various scientists whom I quote in this and the succeeding chapter, there is another and a very important reason be as efficacious as cannot* why such systems

Regarding

composed limey or chalky matter, wholly of extraneous has described, for in the such as Dr. Evans tissues or dead cells process of life, worn-out result. This debris, or ashes, is the result of that process, and a great proportion of it remains
58

these gentlemen claim. These clogging deposits

are

not

AND

PREVENTION

in the system, clogging up its various organs impeding Therefore, if their functions. and this debris is not eUminated, old age cannot be satisfactorily deferred, nor life be matecan rially

And neither food systems nor prolonged. can medicinal preparations rectify the conditions. The lies in Nature^s remedy method, There is no activity. muscular other effectual by debris be removed. means can which such Diet as you will, stuff yourself with health foods, saturate your system with the most for advertised widely preparations medicine the attainment of health, strength, activity and longevity, you will not succeed by one or all of It has been means. never such accomplished lymph, by any or serum, yet elixir medicine brought before the world, and when the human is carefully studied it does not seem structure that it ever will be. I repeat my assertion that is the process eliminative only successful is muscular Nature's which activity; method, that is, mechanically forcing such clogging matter by the alternate contracout of the system tion and relaxation of every muscle of the body. That is the secret of physical rejuvenation. In the almost unceasing activity of childhood
see the manifestation of and early youth, we dead Nature's matter of removing method from our bodies. The restless action of a caged instance of the same is but another animal has vainly endeavored In all ages, man method.

59

OLD
to restore

AGE
to the

"

ITS

CAUSE

body by medicinal aged human means, the elasticityand vitality characteristic of This was the disappointeddream of the youth. hearted now the faint, halfearly alchemist, it is even hope of Science; but as years roll on, bearing with them the precedent of countless millions of failures, and not one authenticated dim, the more success, that hope is becoming doubt increasing. Still we upon struggle on the same misleading, beaten track, but before the end of this century I predict that the simple but effectual methods for the prevention of age and prolongation of life which I practice will very largely take the place of medicinal methods in the treatment of aged persons, and that physical culture methods generally will be considered in the science of the first importance
of gerocomy. To know how to keep physically young, you grow you should know old. The human why is composed anatomy of millions of minute microscopical bodies which science terms cells. These into being through the air cells come breathe, the liquid you drink, and the food you then by the marvelous eat, and you process digestion of and assimilation are converted into into being, these come cellular tissue. Having minute cells live their brief lifeand then die just die, and having as become you and I must dead matter be eliminated from the sysmust tem. If not, they clog up the body and impede
60

AND

PREVENTION
it these circumstances being the muscles not

its functions. Under rapidly deteriorates,


properly

nourished, shrink anH the signs of age If this clogging waste be can matter appear. eliminated, then the conditions of youth will This can be accomplished by never return. Nature means. alone provides the medicinal It lies, as I have method. stated, in the alternate In contraction and relaxation of the muscles. that way you force out from the body any waste deposited into the have matter may which venous system, and glandular and it is then carried off by the ordinary bodily excretions. Any muscle or set of muscles so exercised will increase in size, strength and elasticity,and will This being finally be practically rejuvenated. true of one muscle, it is true of' all and as all in sympathy are parts of the body with each efited. other, any adjacentgland or organ will be benTherefore, if all parts of the structure
are so

results. exercised a general rejuvenation is simply the using of a systematic My method series of contractions and alternate relaxations of every large muscle or sets of muscles of the body. These exercises I practice while lying in clothes. the bedbed, comfortably under ensconced By this means and the other simple I describe, I have accompHshed my methods scribed These movements might be de-

rejuvenation.
as a

kind

as

that is what

process, of muscle-pumping health alone exercise really is,if


61

OLD
is your

AGE

"

ITS

CAUSE

appliances arc This system is especially adapted not necessary. for those in advanced or years of sedentary beneficial is life; and advisabl modes of and equally for either sex. The exercises that commence 91 are illustrated by thirty at page from life. You taken photographs will find them easily learned and remarkably effective. This is a certain means of throwing off dead matter which, as I have repeatedly stated, is the In my case of old age. matism, rheuprincipal cause dyspepsia ailments and other minor have departed long ago, and at seventy-two longer any there is no evidence of physical deterioration. in considering the causes But of old age important there is also another and a very factor to be taken into consideration and that is the condition of the glandular function. In rectio old age there is usually inactivity in this didefective assimilation being therefore
years. marked characteristic of advanced With that condition there is a loss in flesh and while it exists, it is impossible to build up the body. The lies in general muscular remedy This, if practiced with activity. all of the muscles of the body, will mechanically stimulate all glandular action, and whether that function is of the nature of secretion or excretion, greater proved activity will follow and the result will be ima

for mechanical object,

assimilation, and
62

as

that function is the

AND

PREVENTION

basis of life, it is evident that health will be This is all very simple and therefore improved. logical when it is explained, but the fact that the secret of healthy glandular action lay in
process mechanical of adjacent muscular for a long time, a diflScult crux activity was, Naturally, you think that I could find to me. in any health the upon explanation work or methods physiology, but you are mistaken. At least, no especial significance seems to have been attached fact. to this vitally important Reliable books clearly describing proven methods deferring of old age are very scarce, and I have been, compelled to usually solve the myself, for I have been prospecting problems little to health and longevity, seemingly a route

the

considered
that, books

travelled to any I also regret one. after carefully reading the best I came dealing with the

and never by any extent

erable considto say

known
to

of experiences My confidence in the efficacy of the of their dwn. I advise are own the results of my methods personal^ successful experience with them.

kind of were a that their authors scientific,literary cuttlefish, who by discharging a amoimt of cloud of ink and an unnecessary and added scientificterms, obscured the subject but little information to it. The trouble principally being that -with the exception of Lewis Cornaro, to whose book I will later refer, they the wrote of others but never
conclusion

subject,

the

OLD

AGE

"

ITS

CAUSE

badly puzzled of the problems that once me was, that I found that very thin/ people flesh by these exercises, while often gained those suffering from a surplus of adipose tissue lost that unwelcome superfluity. In the former is found in the stimcase, the explanation ulation described; of the glandular action as crease intherefore, improved assimilation brings an healthful conditions, of flesh, and more
muscular activity while with the stout persons fat. off the unwholesome superfluous worked There to be a certain physical standseems ard is birth ours or at outline, which and by heritage, and the nearer we. that outline, approach Health is healthier be. we the will really between the condition of equilibrium, tion assimilaif reached the. result and elimination, and is perfect health. Nature's plan is, that we should all reach few of so that condition; why and maintain fault. If assimilation and do so js our own us in perfect equilibrium and the elimination are is as healthfully active as the body, mind have the condition which then you reached intended and will warrant Nature the expectation Uving full limit to the of your of the fixed for your is one term stay here, which But to accomplish hundred this, your years. also be considered and attitude must mental this is a very important matter, for undoubtedly a mental activity and a hopeful, cheerful dis64

One

AND
position life,and
are

PREVENTION
great

factors in the prolongation of justas certainly the contrary attitude will shorten it. If your general- impressidn is "that the world is liable to fall off and break in two," that that "fate has it in for you," "never "born to hard luck," that you were you had a chance and never will have one," and that "you live long anyway," then, of will not course, you will lose courage and without the

to effort, you on you will not will to spur succeed either in your business or in prolonging life. That pessimistic state of mind reyour tards bad has digestion a your and effect upon your liver. Such despondent people are usually feeling that unhealthy and therefore unhappy, "there is nothing to live for" they usually age The than more optimistic people. rapidly

remedy for the

achieved years, is too long to recite, but the secret of their in every case was, that they kept busy. success There is an old German proverb, "If you rest be It is true, and if you would rust." you healthy and prolong your Ufe, don't get into a or physically. rusty condition, either mentally If you do, then, Kke any other piece of ma65

lies in both physical and mental activity, law applies to the mental organizasame tion body, so that if you to the rest of your as exercise mentally you must would keep young list of old men, brains. The thinkers, your have orators, who and writers, statesmen in advanced their greatest successes

OLD

AGE

"

ITS

CAUSE

chinery, your term of usefulness being past, you will be relegated to the junk pile and your stay here will be shortened. There is a close sympathy between the mind and the body and if either deteriorates the other will speedily share Therefore, keep in its deterioration. active mentally as well as physically, and the easiest your most effective method of keeping and body therefore healthy, will be active and found fully described in the book. But as to exercising your brains, that is a matter largely upon depends tastes, your which habits, and natural abilities. environments in human interest Have an affairs. If you in your leisure hours take an a woman, are interest in church matters, charities, settlement in short, any work, club affairs, wholesome busy keep to amusement you your and occupy Society should also engage attenyour tion mind. if your tastes run that way ronments enviand But Shakespeare as says, permit. "Society is no not comfort to one sociable." If so, then become a member of some religious do not While I to church. organization and go belong to any sect, and have a religion of my own, yet I have a bigh respect for churches and church people, for I have realized after many as a years' experience choir singer in various the best people, churches, that there I found and such people will be of value to you and make life more pleasant.
66

AND
But

PREVENTION

don't joinany church where the "Terrors of the Lord," and the awful fate which befall don't agree those who with such ideas are preached. If you do your dyspepsia will be worse I speak from experiand you won't be happy. ence, Presbyterians as my people were of the brought up on the ultra-puritan type and I was "Shorter Catechism," "Infant Damnation," and "Fires the of Hell." This spiritual Sunday diet, in combination pie and fried with cold mince doughnuts, laid the foundation of the digestive for many disorders which troubled me years If you have any tendencies afterwards. Moral: don't dyspepsia to or suicidal melancholy, jointhat kind of a church. But hunt up something

progressive, some church and you cheerful people, people will meet where by the have their church popular who made gation. possible to such a congresocial amusements And if the leader of that congregation, is a believer priest or Rabbi, clergyman, whether in sunshine, fresh air and out-of-doors pleasure, that is the church to belong to, for there you will find the kind of society which positio a cheerful diswill assist you in maintaining be an aid to health and one of the factors in deferring old age.

modern

67

The

Will in Exercising

the body is very effect of the will upon in these exercises. Each set of marked being exercised by itself, there muscles is a concentration of thought, or determination it would seem of will force, to that point and that the speedy and very remarkable muscular development often resulting from the practice is due as much to of this muscle-tensing system the muscles the will force concentrated upon On first placed in action as by the exercises. thought this statement not find favor with may

THE

you consider reader^ but when some which are undoubtedly of the phenomena caused by the action of the will this theory is growth of the rapid muscular of the cause not illogical. from a number I quote at random of medical

the

average

authorities : "By force of will the beating become may slower or quicker cease under the stress of emotions, fear." or "A very great fright may even
or

of the
or

heart
even

may
as

such
cause

anger

death

syncope."

"Concentrated

attention,
68

that

is, attention

OLD

AGE

"

ITS

CAUSE

body, on any of our portion concentrated produces manifest changes there; thus, redness be induced in the face or or paleness may swellings on different parts of the body." "Certain monks known to have induced are the red marks of flagellation or the signs of Christ's sufferings upon their bodies, and it is an established fact that by fixing the attention any part of the body positive pains may upon be produced/'
aflFectsthe salivary glands." "Fear disturbs the functions of the heart and anxiety the digestive organs." It is evident, therefore, in view of the phenomena has to instanced, that the will much lives and our do with the determination of our impressing our acter charconformation, physical features, our of thought upon and modes in these muscleand in exercise, and especially tensing exercises, it is a very important factor The development. in muscular will also has law in common a system, with the muscular in strength that is, it grows exercised. vwhen If things were always as hard to do as when never gress, protried for the first time we would becomes conbut the way tinue easier as we our efforts and exercise the will, so that those who practice these exercises will find the the difficulties them desire to execute grow, disappear and finallythat which first encountered distasteful becomes an attractive habit, was
69

"Rage

OLD

AGE

"

ITS

CAUSE

Mentality has much health to do with our mination lives. A fixed deterand the duration of our life just as certo live will prolong tainly feeling as are the that we growing old lessens our hastens If the end. courage and lose faith in our If we strength it leaves us. beheve that age is beginning to weigh heavily we habits and us wfe take to sedentary upon little by littlewe lapse into sluggish lives, our blood is vitiated by idleness, our feebly renewed lowered tissues and vitality invite diseases know lose We we as the signs of age. which courage and faith in ourselves and then truly become old. It is a worn but truthful adage that "every is as old as he thinks himself to be." If one you think yourself aging, surely you will hasten that condition marks of physical decay and
appear
to yourself, or admit other person, that you are growing old, and if you resolutely deny the approach of indications of age you will retard their appearance. Remember think this: When you young are a people think you good and act young, deal younger than you are and finally you will have When to believe it yourself. come you will have the courage reached that stage you of your convictions and the battle is half won. ment You will have pride in your physical improve-

Moral:

which Don't

your

years

may

not

warrant. to any

and,

fearing physical
70

deterioration, you

AND
will try
come

PREVENTION
keep trying and
success

to

will surely

to

you.

An example the of the power of the will over body is found in faith cure, or Christian Science, beyond as all question great numbers of well diseases have authenticated cures of dangerous been effected, amply demonstrating its efficiency, but these cures due to a settled conviction are

ology, of the efficacy of the method and not to thebeing demonstration a simply of the over the body power of the mind and a verification that the thought of the statement of to tends the actual any given bodily change that thought suggests. production of the change faith Hence or the success of mental
cure.

It is a well-demonstrated fact that a disease it, so it can be induced by brooding over can in many be cured by believing that it cases does not exist, that being the basis of Christian to be well and Science. A fixed determination ever formula, howimplicit faith in a remedy or illogical from fantastic and a scientific sired, bringing the results deabout standpoint, it canthough not why all scientific reasons be so should be to the contrary. The world in all ages has been full of records instances of healing through of innumerable Science gives no philothe power sophical of th^ mind. dumps but simply the explanation the ash heap of superstition and records upon
71

OLD
yet

AGE

"

ITS

CAUSE

of years the "King's touch" for scrofula and cured was a sovereign remedy it in innumerable instances. And at this day thousands cures of well-authenticated ous of seridiseases and of instances of the removal of physical deformities which have baffled surgery

for hundreds

"

and the medical profession remain to the credit healing. of the various of mental methods Why? Because the will is the directing power of body, and when the mechanism you of your have are you obtained control of "hat power close in touch with the great principle of life no man the mystery yet has solved, and whose limit science cannot determine. But there must be a method, a system of will control, or concentrati sired. of thought, to effect the object de-

be In Christian Science that method can found in "Science and Health," by Mrs. Eddy. is simply a colThis book for the most part lectio lacking both of religious quotations, and logic, but the effect of the scientific reasons faithful reading and contemplation ous of the varihave instanced to a cures seems marvelous tendency to place the mind in a receptive condition favorable to suggestion. The disjointed the iteration and reiteration religious sentences, is no disease," "Have of the ideas, "There faith," "You are are not sick," "You well," "You finally are carry conviction, cured," will and if the reader is of the faith and has the
78

AND

PREVENTION

its teachings demand, the confidence which chances are that he will actually be cured. And can so of these exercises. If you understand that with every muscular contraction and its alternate relaxation you are expelling the wornis the real cause out and dead tissue which of to go on, physical age, you will be encouraged do so and you find your physical and as you confidence in condition and health improving, I describe, will yourself, faith in the system in your to you come efforts will and success
the muscles attention upon develop, to are the count you endeavoring the position movements and try to remember in the illustration of the exercise as shown are you practicing. surely be yours. To concentrate

73

Result

of Exercising

the

Muscles

of the

Back

at

72

74

Exercising

in Bed

read and carefully considered in this the matter elsewhere presented book, you will realize that the secret of my health, elasticity of body and unprecedented to the condition at return of physical youth age are my advanced principally due to the persistent practice of the series of muscular contractions and alternate relaxations, which in I describe under the title of "Exercising And as I do not differ from other human Bed." beings in my what has been physical structure, is justas possible in yours. case possible in my Bear this always in mind" all muscles and all in grow organs size, strength and elasticity if properly exercised, and they all surely lose those properties if this is neglected. In short, the secret of getting young, of my methods keeping young and possessing the bodily elasticity lies in of youth, systematic principally Strict attenactivity. tion and persistent muscular be to must, paid cleanliness, both of course, internal and external; also the food eaten must be properly prepared for digestion by chewing it thoroughly before it is swallowed. But if exercise

IF

you

have

is

a Jioi

part

of your
76

system

of health,

OLD
success

AGE
is doubtful.

"

ITS
I have

CAUSE
heretofore

given reasons grow why we old and why the general muscular activity will eliminate deposits, which are principally the sedimentary cause of old age, and why the form of exercise I practice is of such marked benefit to both the But glandular structure and circulating system. if you do not clearly understand I would me, in detail the
suggest

again,

as

that you read I believe I can

those
no

in your prospecwhich would tive experiments. That is in the art of getting physically young again. If you neglect to exercise, and in that due way expel the clogging ashes of the system, body to the process of Ufe, your will surely rusty, just like any other stiffen and become Then be cannot you piece of machinery. healthy. Your usefulness will be impaired and you will show marks of age. Systematic, persistent and general muscular activity will expel that rust or clogging debris, to "hmber up." and then you will commence And if the various simple health rnethods I advise faithfully practiced, you are may again become No, not alto"just as good as new." gether. I must admit that it is not possible to body" by this or any other a very young make health system but the out of a very old one, improvement be so considerable as will soon to be a source of great satisfaction to you.
"

add assist you

over chapters further mation infor-

76

AND
Also you

PREVENTION

longer than if will stay here very much in a rusty, clogged-up state. was your machine For that is the condition of old age. You will probably admit the truth of what I say, unless hopelessly a believer in attempting to are you health by drug methods. secure But you be under the impression that may to obtain the benefit of exercise you join must
or a gymnasium variety of violent perform hours, and possibly, with at unpleasant motions inconvenient surroundings. Also you will think a you physical culture instructor. will need Ordinarily, yes, but in this system you 'willneed no teacher, other than the instructions here a

presented. The thirty exercises described and illustrated in this chapter are while lying all performed in bed, and as set of exercises is very each simple, you will have no difficulty in learning is brought into Each them. set of muscles activity by itself,and as all of the movements are executed slowly, the bed-clothes need not be disarranged, while if your are movements deliberate, neither will the pulse be unduly

in gymnasium work, over-exertion greatly accelerates the pulse and a consequent strain upon the heart often results. This is very injurious, as enlargement heart is a serious matter. of the The running path, bars, punching bag and the
as

accelerated. This last is very

important,

77

OLD

AGE

"

ITS

CAUSE

various other appliances of a well-appointed be too highly recommended, cannot gymnasium form health, as to they an excellent road also a good method of obtaining strength and But it is very possible to elasticity of body. Therefore be careful. It overdo the matter. is not possible to successfully prepare the body for an athletic event demanding great exertion the use without of such adjuncts and regular but to getting into as a training, preliminary any regular condition athlete will find these
muscle-tensing exercises, performed while lying in bed, will very lessen the time materially usually required to get into first-class condition. To do this, instead of the few movements

allotted to the exercises described as necessary increase them, and you to health, simply can work up every muscle of your body and reduce fat. But the first time you try the movements sharp and fast you will get so tired that you or will not feel like boxing, doing road work nature next day. anything else of a strenuous It is the same thing as gymnasium work

sedentary is health. And people, whose only aim such people should confine themselves to the few I advise for each set of muscles. movements Don't try to learn and practice them all at Go once. slow and learn each set by itself before you take up the next.
those
78

the appliances, without for those in advanced

but
years

write
or

simply

AND There

PREVENTION

advantage of my system as practice. In the compared with gymnasium "gym" is very likely to develop one one set of equally and neglect others that are muscles important. The body, therefore, gets out of balance like any badly-balanced other and is not capable of the efficiency machinery, has intended that it should have. But Nature in the system describing, all of exercise I am of the muscles are brought into activity, and a development results. In my generally even I am a fact that case evenly developed all over, has always been specially commented by upon have examined me. those surgeons who An to exercise as a health method objection is the way on one's time. that it encroaches Under the usual hurried conditions of modern life this is often true, although your health is business. But important far more than your of exercise, this need not be an with this system I practice the exIn my own case ercises objection. I am at a time absolutely idle, when 5:30 a.m. that is, I habitually wake at about I do not rise, but leisurely commence the movements, one after the other, and during the next I practice them all. half hour, or more, By that time I have systematically brought into action every muscle of my body. A healthy feeling and ready for glow and a wide-awake business have resulted. The windows are wide the air is pure; the bed warm open; and com79

is stillanother

OLD

AGE

"

ITS

CAUSE

in fortable, and the sun is probably streaming with its Hfe-giving rays. I have been exercising but slowly for over half an hour. continuously heart is beating steadily. Then I get up, My shave, take a quick tepid bath all over, and being perfectly healthy, I realize the joy of living to the full! If you have the blues, if your liver is torpid in your dark-brown have taste a you and for it," that is, don't "take something mouth
medicines. Try my plan and you will not regret it. instructions, the If you faithfully follow my ten to one that the result will be chances are health, elasticity of body and a prolongation are the greatest and truest of your life. These don't take any
offer you and when of riches that the world can have them them you yoti wouldn't exchange for the assets of the Bank with of England in for good a colony of bilhonaires thrown

80

Young

but System

Very
of

Successful

Disciple
Culture

of

This

Physical

81

Thirty

Exercises

exercises bring into action every They body. are of the human muscle all practiced while lying in bed, and under cover of the bed-clothes. The number advisable for each of movements each of exercise is designated in figures upon illustrations. If are the not clear, refer to any the numbered you upon pages, which will scripti find larger illustrations and more explicit deof the exercises. Do not try to learn before Learn too one once. at many each in position The taking up the next. changes I but seem necessary, may not

THESE

of slight change into bring action an entirely position will often new set of muscles ; sometimes of muscles which fore, be do not seem to a part of that action. Theredesire general muscular if you activity, do not is key-note the of this system, which in positions, and do omit these slight changes ing Nothtoo quickly. the movements not execute is gained by rapid action, as this surely results in acceleration of the pulse, which is not the object is to stimulate advisable; circulation healthy but not glandular activity, and
even a

have

found

absolutely

that

very

8i

OLD
to overdo

AGE

"

ITS

CAUSE

it. A steady, deliberate rate of action beneficial, and then no will be found far more evil results will follow, as, under those conditions, no the heart. stress is placed upon Do not flounce around in bed as you practice the movements; you will only disarrange the is not bed-clothes. That if necessary, and are the movements performed with deliberation it will not happen. My has been experience
this or any other people commence system of physical culture by going too fast. become As soon sore, a they consequence, Don't discouraged, fall into and give it up.
that
most

Learn this system that error. justas you would i. e.,. one learn typewriting or the piano; can a thing at a time, and when execute you without getting of these movements number you will be surprised to find how confused, in it all is and how rapidly you improve easy health. At the risk of being charged with egotism, I will say that it is not advisable for you to in this directio try to devise any new movements because I have been experimenting on upbody for over of my all of the muscles
new exercises of whatever have devised, think you this nature may you did, and long before you I have tried them for their omission there is some good reason from the list presented. This is a strong statement,

twenty

years,

and

but after

over

twenty
83

years'

study of the

OLD
"pulls"

AGE

"

ITS

CAUSE

body, of the various muscles of my I think you will find that the ground has been thoroughly covered, and only those movements have been are of absolute retained which system necessity in this "lazy man's ercise. of exI will modify that statement, at least to three of the exercises described, in which as poses mechanical appliances are used. For the purof health alone I do not believe those i. e., for general are necessary; apphances muscular activity they are included in the list. Not because I now use them, but beokuse many
necessary, people think they are and still use them with excellent results. It is true that the mechanical appliances
are necessary gymnasium for any athletic feats, but is simply to show as the object of this book sedentary people, or old people like myself, the I to physical way rejuvenation, advise you to follow my directions, and not waste your time

well-appointed to prepare the body

of

in trying

devise new muscular in your You case. not necessary you require in the list presented. as asked if I approve of running Certainly, but after you are past
to

movements

will find ail I am often an exercise. boyhood or

better not a manhood, steady exceed jog trot. I always run at that gait two-thirds of day; a that is, one-third in the mile every
early morning evening.

and This

one-third keeps my
84

the afternoon wind in excellent

in

or

con-

AND

PREVENTION

dition, and I think helps my singing voice. It to maintain my certainly helps me speed, as I can, if need be, run hundred one yards in fifteen seconds, and this without very marked distress. But I wouldn't do it again unless some like a policeman, reason, was the urgent very incentive. And if I were the physical instructor in any college I would of a lot of youngsters dash," and discourage the "one-hundred-yard especially the persistent fast work preparatory too much to it. In that work stress is placed the heart, and I have found more upon cripples in distance in the fast class than the slower
runners.

the two-hundred-and-twenty-yard sprinters up on their toes, every muscle of their bodies at extreme tension, hearts throbbing or-die if they would burst, eyes fixed, and the doas look of the fast runner at the finish,I can that is, unless such an only say, "Don't"; of the college suicide athlete is a member halo club, and anxious to obtain a becoming epitaph early in life. If and a complimentary so, keep at it; it is then only a question of time. As to walking as an exercise, certainly, and you cannot very always well hurt yourself, but that there are no vital organs in the remember legs. They are gear of the only the running to Better the endeavor machine. -develop upper part of the body, as there the muscular encases the vital machinery within, structure
85

Regarding

OLD
and

AGE

"

ITS

CAUSE

is strengththat muscular structure when ened by exercise, those internal organs share in Therefore health. I can the improvement. give better advice than to learn and perno you sistent practice the exercises described, then you will be healthy. You can't help it; i. e., if the general you will follow my advice and I will add I practice. an excellent methods the calves of the legs exercise for developing is very can which easily be practiced, and lie upon your you side, drop effective. As ward, the heel as low as possible and then kick downIt is 15 times to commence say with. included in the illustrated list of the 30 not be clearly exercises, as the action could not Repeat both in the photograph. upon shown sides of the body.

Back

View

of the Muscles

of the Human

Body

Showing

Muscles

of the

Upper

Arm

"

Side

View

88

Things
y4 LL

to Be

Remembered
in bed
soon as

r\
ypu

of these exercises are performed under cover of the bed-clothes. Commence the exercises as
awake. the movements;

are

this concentrates is then more your attention and growth rapid. frequently During take deep these exercises breaths. both top and botKeep tom. open your windows Breathe through the nose not the mouth. Take a tepid plunge bath every morning after in and out quick. exercising; Learn and practice each exercise before taking
"

Count

up

new

one.

Copious water drinking, and especially a glass before breakfast, is a fifteen minutes about for constipation. remedy is retarded and digestive organs Digestion impaired if you hurry at your meals. Eat slowly and masticate your food thoroughly. Attend to the calls of Nature promptly. internal cleanliness, page The chapter upon it 168, is important; study it and learn why save your life. may
"

80

OLD

AGE

"

ITS
as

CAUSE

as much possible. are threatened you with appendic wash out the lower bowel, the colon it is more (seepage 168), and starve effective than an operation and cheaper.
"

Keep in the If you think

sunlight

'

See Page

350.

Nos. 1 and 2. 5 Movements

The Lower Abdominal Alternately

Muscles.

See Page 350.

Nos.

1 and

Abdominal

2. Alternately 5 Movements. Muscles

The

Lower

01

See Page

346.

No. 3.

Loin

Muscles.

5 Movements

Alternately

See Page 373.

No. 4.

Percussion

Abdominal

Muscles.

Movements

92

See

Page

335.

No. 5.

Shoulder

Shrugging

Exercise.

5 Movements

See Page 313. No. 6. Shoulder

Blade Muscles.

5 Movements

on

Each

Side

See Page 305. No.

7. Muscles

of the Neck

and

Abdomen.

10 Movements

See Page 320.

No.

8. Resistance

Exercise

for Back

of Neck.

5 Movements

94

See Page 295.

No. 9.

Muscles

of the Throat.

JO Movements

See

Page 325.

No. 10.

Striking Exercise Either With


Dumb-bells

or

Withop',

95

See Page 329.

No.

11.

Developing
with

the Arms

by Dumb-bell

Movements

Massage

See Page

157. No. 12. Massage

of Liver

Lying

on

Back.

10 Movements

96

See Page 315.

No. 13. Development


10 Movements

of the Throat

Muscles.

See Page

322.

No. 14. Development of the Throat 10 Movements

and

Neck

Muscles.

97

See Page 355.

No.

15. Tensing Exercise 3 Movements

for the Whole

Body.

See Page

353.

No. 16.

Muscles

of the Sides.

10 Movements

98

See Page

337.

No.

17.

Muscles Covering 5 Movements.

the

Shoulder

Blades.

See Page

371.

No. 18.

Hip

and

Loins.

5 Movements.

See Page

363.

No.

19.

Resistance

Fore

Arm

Exercise.

5 Movements

See Page

369.

No. 20.

Resistance

Triceps

or

Back

Muscles

of tlie Arms

10"

See Page

358.

No.

21.

Single Arm
Back

Pulling

Exercise

for Shoulder

ami

oee

Page 359.

No.

22. Two Arm Pulling Exercise Back. 5 Movements

for Shoulders

and

101

See

Page

159.

No.

23.

Massage

of Liver 10 Movements

Lying

Upon

Right

Side.

See

Page 344.

No. 24. Climbing

Muscles Alternately

of Legs.

10 Movements,

102

See

Page

159.

No. 25. Percussion

of the Liver.

20 Light Blows

See Pages 367.

No.

26. Arm

Twisting

Exercise.

5 Movements

103

See Page 365.

No. 27. Resistance

Arm

Exercise.

5 Movements

."iee Page

379.

No. 28. Bar Exercise

on

Side, One

Arm.

5 Movements

See Page 376.

No. 29. Bar Exercise

on

Back, Two

Arms.

5 Movements

See Page 341.

No. 30.

Using the Lifting Board

105

Sunlight and

Fresh

Air

impossible. There is no substitute, for is be none, there can the only the sun force, the life source of that all pervading principle, that mysterious form of energy which of this controls the universe, the governing power Therefore, if you world. prolong your would lifestay in the sunlight as much as possible. If you wish to be healthy, breathe deeply fresh air All the sun's charged with vitalizing rays. forms of life are dependent upon solar energy, being the great dynamo from which all the sun life force is derived. It animates all vegetation form of life upon shine this earth. Sunand every it, health is impossibl really is life, without and existence intolerable. Yet it must
are

from the sun yiLL energy surely emanates and without sunlight healthy conditions r\

be admitted that vast numbers duct of people contheir lives as though the human mechanism Pure an were exception to that natural law. has been vitalized by sunshine, is air, which charged with the vital principle, and it cannot be so vitalized by any other method, tentious all prediscoveries assertions of alleged scientific in that direction are fallacious. Pure air is our
106

OLD
greatest

AGE

"

ITS

CAUSE

blessing and the foundation of health The reader will probably say, and longevity. "I know all this." Certainly you do, but the it or do not know percentage of people who who do not appreciate its value, you can easily find out by raising or attempting to raise a in a crowded street car, and if you need window lesson upon the value of sunlight, look an object at the pallid faces of the employees of our great indoor department or stores other sunless
workers.

th^ benefits of deep breathing, i. e., prolonged inhalations of pure air, it is true that the gross bulk of the air taken into the does not lungs through penetrate muscles, is it bones, but as nerves charged with the and ing vital principle or solar energy, the act of breaththe the body through sends everywhere news electric fluid, the force which rebuilds and reAir which the mechanism of the system. has been exposed to sunlight possesses the life than the air principle to a far greater extent In this connection ferrin and reof sunless rooms. to the exercises I practice while lying in bed, I admit that it would be far better to go in the sunlight with its lifethem through body, the naked playing upon giving rays but this is usually inconvenient and in my case "lazy especially so, therefore I practice this man's system of exercising" while lying in bed

Regarding

AS

the

next

best method,
107

and

my

success

in

OLD

AGE

"

ITS

CAUSE

at three score and old body is the best ten, even with this disadvantage, Many system. proof of the efficiency of my health eager physical culture advocates and the suggestion to exercise seekers will approve in a nude condition and in the sunshine, but urge the difficulty of putting it into practice. sible To make this generally convenient and feaI quarter within the next of a century, an will present architectural suggestion which, if once surely be in vogue adopted, would in all sanitariums or health resorts and also be by municipalities with the view of adopted improving dwellers the physical condition of in crowded cities. I hope the suggestion will be put in practice long before the end of that I suggest utilizing the roofs of all period. houses by building tenement or apartment

my rejuvenating

or thereon glass-enclosed rooms solariums, just did, minus as the glass. I the early Romans further predict that this improvement will be that the health boards of generally adopted;

cities will see the value of such an arrangement and that something of this nature in their building laws. If such will be embodied a regulation were a part of the building made laws of any crowded city, it would be a great factor in improving the general health of its residents, and the mortality of that city would The decrease. York, poor surely of New dwellers in the crowded tenements of that progressive
108

AND
great

PREVENTION
beehive, have
already
recognized

huddled-up
the value health as

ings buildof the roofs of tenement resorts and wherever possible throughout the heated term such roofs are used dormitories at night and playgrounds by day; as for though tilated the small and usually badly-venrooms of the building be hot and stuffy, to be found on the roof. a breeze is almost sure Even if there is none, the air there is purer than in the too often sunless rooms or in the crowded, narrow street below. Through the eflfortsof Mr. Jacob Riis and his
tions co-workers and many philanthropic organizafor the betterment of life in tenements,

the proper

compulsory sanitary conditions are and are usually well-regulated. But occupancy of the roofs as health resorts has not yet become is evident the improvement general, although To those living in and the necessity urgent. longing through or the hot stuffy apartments for the presumably summer cooler months but unable to leave breezes of the country, by which I will suggest town, a means this in the most crowded longing can be abated even Urge your at small expense. sections and landlords to utilize the roofs of apartment buildings as roof garden health resorts for their All health pubHcations tenants. will endorse is once such a proposition and if the movement become popular, for the started it will soon to be overlooked. If too obvious benefits are
109

OLD
the the

AGE

"

ITS

CAUSE

association of tenement workers will take matter up methodically and persistently, ?i^#SpapeFS and magazines generally will help, the owners erty alMf #"hen once of this kind of propfolly Realize the of permitting this valuable space to lie idle and tenanted rows, only by the sparwhile buildings having such attractive improvements far more rent readily than those in which it is lacking, they will act and act To make the conditions ideal, such promptly. house top health resort should be sheltered a both top and sides, either wholly or in part, by glass. It must be as easy of access as the lower floors to make the innovation popular, for and should be provided with conveniences the care of the plants and flowers, which tenants would surely furnish and be glad of the opportunity The to do so. architectural details are simple, easily carried out, and- in view of the benefits and attraction of such an proveme imgreat be comparatively the cost would Show landlord this chapter and your small. into town, that he bring the country suggest far as his building is concerned. If he has as sirous been afflicted with many vacancies and is dealways rented, of keeping his apartments he will realize that here is given the solution Let him start of the problem. such a roof bear the garden and that building will never legend, "Rooms To Let," to which famihar vinces." might well be added, "In hocsigno
110

AND Such
the
an

PREVENTION
arrangement

to the tenants

of any

would be as attractive building so improved, as are

to the general public, parks and squares if properly and conveniently arranged, and to a fconsiderable extent very satisfy would the natural longing of all city dwellers for what to be the customary are rural advantag supposed flowers, plants, pure air and sunshine,

able of the uncomfortand this without many in life. country conditions often found be no There necessity of abandoning would business need home not your conveniences, be neglected, and you would have all this without the expense vacation trips. of your country Some day an architectural millenium will corrie to vacant roof space will be pass and the now into health resorts, breathing places converted own for huddled-up city dwellers. After my ures failin a lot of summer vacation experiences scribe in which the conditions, depleasant to find existed I expected and which largely in the imagination of the advertisers, been I am that they could have convinced home by more easily obtained and better at a roof garden of the kind in question. It is the in Aesop's fables, who old story of the cobbler journeyedfar in search of wealth only to find in his own it waiting for him at home garden'. idea, it is simply an adaptaThis is not a new tion with of the early Romans of the methods tibe usual It was conveniences. up-to-date
111

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in those days and was architectural arrangement day it will be Some then deservedly popular. here, but our ferent, equally in vogue climate is diftherefore the necessity of being glass sheltered and thus giving protection from winds and rain. Being a resident of San Francisco, I will add fogs. Life with such an arrangement could be made pleasant and healthful whatever the weather conditions might be outside. For or anemic consumptive people, for those advanced in years, indoor workers, or children, for city dwellers. All this is the ideal method from the sun life comes and such an architectural if combined arrangement, with rational both ternal external. and inexercise and cleanliness, of the laws of hygiene, and observance factor in the prolongation would be an important dweller life. The average city of moderate of only of his recall some circumstances need country readily vacations, and he will more force Most of this suggestion. appreciate the have experienced the discomforts" often of you The annoyance of attending such a vacation. hot, crowded cars, the long and expensive trip, you arrived at your destination to and when find a woeful lack of conveniences resulted in a feeling. To those who "wish-you-hadn't-come" have suffered like me on such expeditions, I particularly address these remarks, and think This roof-garden that they will be appreciated. to som'ie explan, if carried out properly, may
113

AND
tent

PREVENTION

in town, to stay during reconcile you It would ensummer sure vacation time anyhow. some rural advantages which you might, fail in finding, at least where "keeping summer boarders" is a means of livelihood. But how about the views of the female members "It isn't fashionable." of the family? but if this matter Well, not justnow, were systematica agitated, better architectural conditions it soon result and would would be a fashionable. Laws regu"fad," then, of course, lating

the construction of such structures may be but day some that architectural enacted, time, still will not arrive for some millennium it is safe to predict that before twenty years have elapsed, public opinion will agitate the enactment of a law requiring the cbhstruction the roofs of upon of such health arrangements buildings which will, I think, all tenement find favor with the officers of all health boards, as the benefits to the health of the tenants and the general health of the city would be The owners of the better class of obvious. install them, competition buildings would soon At present to do so. them they compelling all neglect the opportunity of utilizing this most of their buildings (the roofs), valuable space is so easy to construct but this arrangement so great that it will not and the advantages It is remarkable long be overlooked. that it has not become in vogue long ago.
113

OLD

AGE

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CAUSE

If it is not considered desirable to utilize a the entire space as a roof garden, convert both sides of it into glass-covered rooms, .part "sunny and roof, and the advantages of the front rooms" vertise adalways featured in apartment Such will be "double discounted." be easily and effectively ventilated rooms can by transom devices, and ifmade as easy of access as the other lower apartments and provided with the same will be modern conveniences, more very any much other attractive than in rooms the building and will be eagerly sought be regulated by shades after. The sunlight can or screens, and as a renting proposition this unthose would surely be fortuna profitable. To are who afflicted with the great "white I confidently plague," consumption, be can that in the sunny state, roof-garden found health conditions which will be a great factor towards If it is possible in their cure. do so; to make case your such an arrangement, it may life. save your Quoting at length from an excellent pamphlet Modern Crusade Against sumption, Conentitled "The by Prof. Irving Fisher, of New Haven, Conn., I submit the following valuable "No extracts' other disease, except and data: has any death rate like it. The pneumonia, from tuberculosis equals, that from mortality peritonitis, appendicitis, scarlet fever, typhoid fever, diphtheria, grippe, cancer and small-pox
114

AND

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In this country in nine one person combined. dies of it and of the deaths which occur between due to the ages of 15 and 45, one-third are between tuberculosis. In Germany, the ages of 20 and 25, almost half of the deaths are from tuberculosis, a terrible exhibit, and this in the face of the hosts of alleged infallible medicinal remedies." The folly of it alll Neither medicines, diet, nor form of hypodermic injections any discoveries, seem to of alleged curative lymph "sure for this terrible disease. They be a cure" of advantage and possibly all have their season forgotten are and scientific publicity, then lapse into oblivion. Many cures are claimed hence, for most discoveries, the scientific of these is but the evidence when endorsements,

the curative process will carefully sifted down usually be found to have resulted from a better sanitary conditions, of living, improved method out-of-door life, plenty of sunshine, fresh air, systematic exercise, cleanliness, and a rational these conditions, with system of diet. Given for faith faith in the nostrum administered, factors, the chances important are and courage are good, and this in spite of the of recovery taken. medicines and remedies abracadabra he Again referring to Prof. Fisher's pamphlet, tion says, "Naegli concludes an extended investigathat practically every with the statement adult has latent tuberculosis." This means that each of us has a certain
115

OLD

AGE

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CAUSE

number of bacilliencysted in the lungs waiting into this dread develop to the opportunity disease. With the resisting force of good health they are kept under control, but given the conditions of a lack of all the health factors enumerated lowered vitality, tuberculosis and consequently is not alone possible but probable. Consumption is now known to be a preventable disease; that is,where rational hygienic methods be cured by the of life are followed and it can now modern out-of-door system practiced in Colorado, Massachusetts other several and states; it is also in great favor in Germany and Not only is.ita common other parts of Europe. disease, but it is an infectious disease, and this
is another reason why the general public should be actively interested in its prevention and cure. It was formerly thought that consumption was disease and the type only of a hereditary have it. As specified classes of persons could be a matter of fact, any kind of physique may

digestion and assimilation are attacked when defective, muscular inactivity usual and the most dangerous condition of all, a lack of sunshine and pure air. Under these conditions the peril Reverse is near. of "the great white plague" this order of things, live as I suggest, acquire resisting power, and you need not fear it, for a The healthy body is a germ-killer apparatus. cause disease is easily preventable and it is only beof the general ignorance and indifference
116

AND

PREVENTION
so

that it has become should have paper


upon

the

prevalent. Consumptives spit-cups, and with the expector daily. Spitting should be burned floor should be prohibited, and the

cially spitting ordinance strictly enforced, this espeapplying to the corridors of post-offices, frequented or other much railway waiting-rooms shine public buildings. Out-of-doors and in the sunI do not beUeve infection to be so liable. It seems to be a parasitic disease and parasites do not thrive in sunlight. It spreads like a fire be easily extinguished in and like a fire can beyond its incipiency, but when a certain once If there is any be extinguished. point it cannot suspicion that the disease has been contracted, have a microscopic at once examination made that is the only certain of the expectorations;

method of determining the presence of tubercular bacilh. If they are present, then act as I suggest time to there is no and act promptly; The agency once was thought waste. of cure to lie solely in good climate, but the many
to the credit of out-of-door cures undeniable the sanitariums which consumptive various in all kinds of practice this excellent method to contradict that theory. weather, would seem Again quoting from Prof. Fisher's pamphlet, in winter." "The patients sleep out-of-doors even Of course during that season they are sheltered rains or freezes, overhead, but whether it snows, to in a very short time they usually seern enjoy
117

OLD

AGE

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CAUSE

soon part and for the most improved cona very present fident condition. I am is possible in that this method of cure almost any climate and it is certainly rapidly but until the old gaining in vogue, prejudices it drafts are overcome, against night air and will not become general. Another obstacle is, for conthat while it is an excellent remedy sumptive it is rather a drawback the upon living by giving medicines a science of making for its cure, hence it is gaining favor slowly. The does not consist in fresh air alone, treatment but of four principal factors, viz.: air cure, food cure, (or faith)cure. rest cure and mind The only criticism I make is, that they do not

"'sleeping out,"

as the upon sunshine rely so much ever, I predict, howother advantages enumerated. that ultimately it will be found that sunshine is the greatest factor of all in the curative I do not undernon. the sine qua process, value in any invigorating the wonderful way powers of the climate of Colorado, as I have its value, but I tried it long ago and know have more faith in the virtues of sunshine and fresh air. These you can the always find upon roof of any city building and if the glass rooms I have suggested are constructed, you will have home in which, a at sanitarium with side
seem

to

screens,

under

effectively practice the exercises I describe in a nude condition, and this favorable of all health conthe* most ns
you may

'

ANL"
ditions, in the

PREVENTION

Practice them syssunshine. tematic and persistently and success will be yours. For the rest, eat such nourishing food as agrees with you. There is no set rule diet, as every to a to have seems stomach different requirements. Chew thoroughly each Horace Fletcher suggests; Bathe as mouthful, frequently. Keep the colon (the lower bowel) internal clean (see chapter upon cleanliness). Determine that you will get well and you will, if you follow my advice and stick to it. Hunt Christian Scientist up some pleasant-mannered practitioner and add his or her assurances of As I have before I am your recovery. stated, a renot a Christian Scientist, at least from ligiou but I have faith in it great standpoint, or any other harmless method which will inspire and hope, for these are the confidence, courage factors of cure in all diseases. Your great do, if he will trusted family physician may confine his medical prescriptions to bread pills but to or other harmless medical abracadabra, inspire confidence and carry succeed, he must I outline. out the simple but effective ; system if trained in old school doctrines, Unfortunately, he will be so thoroughly saturated with those
teachings that, l|ke the chef who antiquated highly a resigned from -job rather than -paid! to garlic, the worthy cook without ^M.D. declining to the 'case, will probably abandon whose teachings, adopt the methods of a layman
119

OLD

AGE

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according to his ideas, savor qf heresy. But I know what I am talking about. My father died I inherited his physical at 42. of consumption disabilities and throughout my sickly, feeble babyhood, boyhood one everyand early manhood, interested in me predicted that I would certainly go as my father did. And so I would had I followed the same antiquated fool methods and alleged medicinal remedies then practiced, and are to a great extent stUl in vogue with the instance medical profession. The unprecedented of my physicar improvement and rejuvenation 72, the at after unfavorable conditions under life commenced, is the best proof of which my the sanity of my methods and the benefits resultant therefrom. There is,however, one point upon which I heartily agree with the orthodox medical profession, and this is, that in a case of
a should at once engage sickness you knowing one trained nurse, the laws of hygiene, understanding the use of sick-room conveniences, and versed in the gentle, helpful methods of in If your emergency modern, scientificnursing. find such a one to you can who has the courage the shadow practice her profession without to interfere of a drug store doctor's presence her at with her helpful ministrations, engage ation once, then hoist your flag and read your declarto the entire medical of independence comprofession, which includes the sympathetic mission drug stores. As a starter in the new

severe

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PREVENTION

order of things pull up the blinds of your sunless family vaults, the "guest chamber" and the equally depressing front parlor. This will give the sunshine a chance to destroy any germs of be keeping house there. which may consumption in and the new "But the flies will come carpet carpet will be faded." Sure they will, but a new will cost less than the doctor's bill and it is

just possible
faded
gather
guest

suna rather have have to than your carpet neighbors depressing in that sunless parlor or dear, how "Poor say, and chamber

you

would

natural he looks, and and the best medicine That is the way

he

had

the

best doctor

that
my

money

could

cure." pro-

father went.

Don't

I have tried go that way, try Nature's method. it clear and hope you will appreciate its to make

value.

'

121

The
AS
I

Fasting

Cure

previously stated, the matter r\ I present in this book generally relates to my own experiences in the science of physical rejuvenation, giving in detail the simple by which I have accomplished tunate means that forcondition, but this chapter principally have concerns the experiences of others who in the method more of extensively experimented curing bodily ailments by "The Fasting Cure." The great success which has resulted in several immediate cases my practiced under vation, obsercases well also of many whose authenticity I have every reason to believe, has caused to investigate the matter to the best of my me data, I have this authenticated ability. To as own added my personal, if limited, experiences of the benefits resulting from fasting for a few days only. Forty years ago I sang a great deal in public, income being derived from the a part of my in which I appeared concerts and the church I was A bad cold, choirs in which engaged. inconvenience, a therefore, was not alone physical but a financial loss, as in that condition keep I was to my unable musical en122

have

OLD
gagements,

AGE
or

"

ITS

CAUSE

disadvantage. in the curative powers of medicines and had great faith in the old adage of "stuff a fever." Therefore, when I a cold and starve long period "caught a cold" it always meant of inaction as a singer, for I recovered very slowly from such attacks. I had been engaged to sing at a fashionable in which I very much concert wanted to appear. The papers were full of the affair, the programs were printed, and the theater had been long Then three days before the event that engaged. its appearance. "bete noir" of all singers made I "caught an awful cold." It is not necessary to I You them. all know recite the symptoms. "resisting power" had not much at that age, and from my past experiences I knew that that and I should cold would inevitably grow worse distress, I called In my be unable to sing.
the manager He was dilemma. days, but had even
upon

if I did, appeared at a great In those days I implicitly lieved be-

of the affair and stated my in those an surgeon eminent then as littlefaith in the I have now. as of medicines curative powers As I was raised upon the old "stuff-a-cold-andtioned starve-a-fever" doctrine, I very naturally menintended it as my admitting, remedy, "in for a however, that I was apparently his blessed old gray head siege." He wagged to sing, young want you and said: "I know man, that is, if you will and sing you can;
123

OLD
accept

AGE

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ITS

CAUSE

cessfull cold. I always sucafflicted as you are, It is not popular and I always speedily recover. day it will be. Starve! Starve! but some now, Starve! Drink but can, you all the water do not take food of any description. Continue this treatment until that 110 pulse of yours down to 72 and 103 temperature goes your before gets back to 98. I think this will happen the end of three days, possibly sooner, and it does, I when shall expect you to show up at billed. Now are the theater and sing as you you go home and soak yourself in as hot a bath
as

for a my remedy I am try it when

you

can

stand, put

couple

your plasters upon chest and Go bed and to there your stay shoulders. until I tell you to get up, and don't take any Your family doctor and anxious medicines. must relatives will certainly insist that you They take some nourishment. will probably "your insane if are think you you refuse be kept up, as death might result strength must it But from weakness," etc., etc. will not do be afraid. You of the kind. Don't anything do as I tell you, then you will appear as you have agreed to do. 'Stuff a cold and starve have a fever now You fever' be hanged. a bad one, a pretty and it is going to be worse; that is, if you do not follow my advice. All you determination and need is sufficient courage to follow it and follow it to the letter. You.
" "

of mild porous between two

124

AND

PREVENTION

in will not grow weak for lack of nourishment a three days' fast, and you couldn't digest food anyhow with such a fever. You are billed
to

appear." sing and you must I took his advice. The results were exactly he had stated. At the end of the three days' as fast I made a satisfactory afternoon rehearsal,

the same and successfully sang, my numbers night, and this without a trace of the bad cold! As my to expect past experiences had led me a revelaa month's was tion! siege, the fasting cure

Now that is my experience of fasting for even days, and that is how I have cured my a few bad colds ever since for the past forty years. I have given the same singers, advice to many have followed but like "angels' visits" those who it are "few and far between." The demonstrated truth is, that fasting does them cure quickly, and you colds and it cures for it." It "take don't have to something isn't a popular remedy, at least not justnow, for glandular, but it is Nature's effective cure troubles, such as colds are, and I think the only
effective method If I were a of curing a cold. practicing physician I would if I had the entire urgently advise it, even for fraternity "down on local medical me" doing so. It is "unprofessional advice" and too and I would probably cheap and easy anyway, suffer a loss of patients; i. e., if I had any.
125

OLD
But then, you

AGE
see,

"

ITS

CAUSE

I don't practice and have only I have made cess one patient" myself quite a sucintended of him and that is all that I ever It is too much to do. trouble to give verbal letters; that is to more answer advice and You I write this book. will find all my why in it, and the next health methods time you I have described. catch a cold try the remedy It is perfectly safe, not unpleasant and you will cident in medicines, doctors' bills and, insave money
.

meals. long since, has "passed over" My friend old for the good hearty but he has my thanks forty years I me ago, and advice he gave sincerely hope that residential conditions with him are which will enable him to of a nature hear of my opinion is, that if gratitude. My he were surely be the author alive, he would of a book upon fasting as valuable as any of these I will presently If name and recommend. interested in these books they will give you are more present you explicit details than I can The data limited space. in my advice and how, that you will then find are very valuable. AnyI practice to cure fasting is the method bad cold and one a my why of the reasons singing voice, a very high and powerful concert it was baritone, is as good at seventy-two as thirty-two. We all eat too much ; that is,unless restricted by financial stringency, and excess in eating
at
126

AND
may

PREVENTION

said to be almost universal. That custom, combined with hurried eating and lack of suflBcient mastipation, is the cause, of say eighty per cent, of digestive disorders. I leave out the other twenty per cent, to be charged up to tobacco, "treats" and "I'm in a hiirry to get back to the office." But all this does not to apply to boys. I have arrived at that seem conclusion after trying to fill up several hungry I don't know small boys. where they stowed did with it, but that dinner or they what they couldn't be filled. Therefore, I except hungry boys. I have received many letters asking about I am my system of diet. Now, going to make I eat whatever a confession. I haven't any. I like, and lots of it. My is that I have excuse small-boy appetite and am proud to of it. That appetite is due continuous systematic exercise, resulting in activity of all organs, both digestive and glandular, and any food that I take is eaten slowly and thoroughly Under these conditions the process chewed. are a upon elimination of assimilation and healthy equilibrium, therefore the perfect health "three score I and ten." enjoy at over Incidentally, I will remark that this satisfactory digestive condition cannot be acquired dinner pills or other digestive stimby any ulants, to the contrary. all advertisements You temporarily may stimulate the digestive
'

be

ravenous

127

OLD
process

AGE
by

"

ITS

CAUSE

but sooner later or such methods, there will be a reaction. Nature will object finally a proyour goes on when stomach and tracted "wish hadn't." you strike you will And when in the hurry and struggle for financial important success that most of all organs of human breaks down, life the mechanism will living. be "For if a man not worth gain what lose" the whole world and ^his stomach.'' For myself I couldn't have a better appetite if I were lacking in that digestion. But or respect I would fast occasionally for a few days justto give my stomach a rest and if I had a fever, catarrhal trouble or a "bad cold," or any disorder (for that is what a other glandular bad cold is) I would the fasting rely upon to cure thein. I will go farther than method this: I believe that both pneumonia and appendici be almost in their first stages can adopting certainly cured by a longer treatment, described in my as that the same system three days' fasting experience, adding to that flushing of the however, treatment, thorough colon (orlarge bowel; see details of this method Also in chapter headed "Internal Cleanliness").
"

of a thoroughlyadd the gentle ministrations nurse, the trained professional and absent drug-store doctor. Under treatment of any is almost these conditions a satisfactory cure of appendicitis, of certain. In neglected cases is the only course, the knife of an able surgeon
128

AND

PREVENTION

Usually the cases. remedy, but only in extreme patient in an appendicitis operation should be by Mistake," labeled "Opened then be and After this has been pasted together again. done are the conditions similar to Messrs. Peary's and Cook's claims of discovery of the Pole North ^the correctness of the diagnosis disproven. nor can neither be proven investigations of methods The results of my is that short fasts at by which Nature cures important factors in preserving intervals are health and therefore of prolonging life. And I firmly believe that in nearly all forms of disease "fasting" is a most effective remedy. Really the short fasts which are a part of the have had Catholic and Jewish religions must their origin in the discovery of the beneficial effects of totally abstaining from all food at I am Jew a and a Catholic stated periods. As to the logical reasons for to that extent. resting the digestive organs, if the sometimes most confirmed dyspeptic had driven a horse exhausted he would know enough to until it was to seems stop and give it a rest. But it never to that dyspeptic occur cripple that the same Instead of stomach. rule applies to his own in alleged dyspepsia resting it he seeks relief These or alcoholic stimulants. only remedies lows foltemporarily relieve his distress. Reaction off than he was and he is usually worse dyspeptic with over before. As a reformed
"

129

OLD
thirty years

AGE

"

ITS

CAUSE

of personal experience in alleged medicinal remedies for that infernal complaint, I have seen My the error recovery of my ways. is principally due to practicing the same simple by which means tired you your permitted horse to regain his strength; that is, I have at intervals given my digestive organs exhausted familiar my short rests. In other words, when I have fasted for two old malady reappeared or three days, and always with good results. but most inexpensive, It is Nature's simple, Any four-footed fool jackass effective remedy. knows to practice that remedy when enough is on a strike. But his two-footed his stomach doesn't. fool dyspeptic master is out of order, My advice, if your stomach is to do what the jackass does ^fast for two is If your case or three days. of dyspepsia bad and chronic, two or three days more will don't do too much a better job of it. But make I think several short fasts are better at once.
"

than

one

long

one.

As

an

instance

of the

ease

a long upon attendant and small inconvenience fast and the benefits derived from it, I present the case of Mr. John A. Wilson, a prominent City Council. member of the Berkeley (Cahfornia) had been long afflicted This gentleman

of nasal catarrh, other complicatio serious case All orthodox remedies being imminent had been unavailingly tried, the sufferer had almost given up hope of being cured, and tried with
a
.

130

AND
the

PREVENTION
cure as
a

last resort. After thoroughly he carefully prethe method studying pared himself for a 30 days' trial. This he commenced the evening upon of the 1st day of October, 1911. It ended successfully in public before an audience of about one thousand sons perAuditorium, Tuesday the Berkeley at Owing to October 31st, 1911. the evening,
the political prominence of this gentleman, Press of San Francisco, as well as of Berkeley and many other cities, have given this fast a great deal of publicity; also considerable controversy has arisen between members of the fasting and oppose profession who medical its benefits. those advocating Under these conditions my statement of the be of interest to the reader. I was case may to deliver a lecture upon my methods engaged torium Audiat the Berkeley of physical rejuvenation date; i. e., October 31st, 1911. the same I appeared the stage with Mr. Wilson upon to acquaint myself and had every opportunity with his physical condition at the end of this that period I thirty days' fast. Throughout his him frequently examined and also met

fasting

and general condition. Quite pulse, temperature a of the medical profession and press number of the representatives also availed themselves no same question of the privilege. There was honesty of an absolute and strict observance fast for the period of thirty days, and it is
131

OLD

AGE

"

ITS

CAUSE

strated only after Mr. Wilson has satisfactorily demonthat any the benefits of the experiment adverse criticism has been publicly made, and this only by interested opponents of Nature's

remedy. It has been publicly stated that Mr. Wilson's impaired by health has been the lohg abstinenc have from food. Answering this, I met him frequently since his fast and he assures me that he is healthier than he has been for twenty years, chronic and he looks it. The catarrh has wholly disappeared, and my opinion It has is that he is now a very healthy man. he been stated that he was very when weak
the evening the stage upon of upon appeared ism, Irishhe to October 31st. If use an was, then, have been "powerful he must weak," as he insisted upon valise, full of books carrying my weighing in all fortyand other heavy matter, nine pounds, for the space of two blocks. And me this four hours before he appeared with His was the stage. eye clear, pulse upon beside me regular and strong, and he walked

with

the

same

customary

rapidity steady If you wish gait.

is my which know to the

significance of that strength test try to carry blocks without two forty-nine pounds resting. It was a revelation to me. to his In answer to a letter of inquiry as date of physical condition, he replied, under "My before 1911: December 2nd, weight
132

AND

PREVENTION
was

30 days' fast my I lost during 160.

is pounds and now the October fast 19 pounds My age and regained 14 pounds in November. height, 5 feet 9^ inches. I is sixty years; my in perfect health ^better than before, but am important I think the most thing I learned was of myself confidence in my ability to take care health by this method." and of preserving my is that the difference My summary of the matter between untary systematic fasting, i. e., volfood definite from all with a abstinence untary curative object in view, and enforced invollies wholly fasting (that is starvation) in the mental this statement attitude. I make I have tried both methods as and speak from the latter part of 1868 and experience. During by the in 1869 I was few months a engaged cially Chicago Tribune and some other parties finaninterested in the construction of The
165
"

Pacific R. R. to go to the end of the Kansas line and report periodically all matters relating This hastily-constructed, to the enterprise. Fort Wallace, flimsy affair was stranded near The near the center of Kansas. somewhere a treeless rolling prairie, was vast country Indians, buffalo, tenanted by predatory Cheyenne dogs and rattlesnakes. antelope, prairie was in which a Just the country greenhorn likely to lose himself and unlikely to be found of the surveying along with one again alive. I went to the no exception parties and was
133

OLD

AGE

"

ITS

CAUSE

I stalked a small herd of custom. greenhorn buffalo near camp, and in the course of an hour suddenly realized that was either the sun in the wrong hopelessly lost. place or I was The awful sense this of despair attendant upon discovery I couldn't me. almost paralyzed back and remembering reason the out the way fate of other lost greenhorns little but had hope, as there were to trees or landmarks no I had quietly left camp break, before dayguide me. in only at came and as the surveyors night there would be no possible chance for a on rescue until until the next day. 1 wandered day passed into I fell from exhaustion. That

the next and the next, and then at the end of lirious defound by our the fourth day I was scouts, blindly along and wasted staggering It took me to reto a bag of bones. a cover month from that experience, and yet I have frequently fasted two or three voluntarily days and several times as long as four days, without loss of strength, with littleloss of flesh after effects other than of benefit. and no is,as I have stated, My summary of the matter that the difference between starving and fasting lies in the mental attitude and the beneficial effect of fasting is that it gives the stomach digestive disorders, while rest in any needed in "bad colds" the clogging rubbish or surplus is burned from or the matter up eliminated in the body and glandular structures very much
134

AND
same

PREVENTION

that end is accomplished by prolonged systematic exercise. The result in all of my experiences has been but little wonderfully beneficial. I have made preparation for my short fasts. 1 simply stopped followed hereinbefore the and eating plan described. At the end of these three or four days I always ate a light meal of well-cooked day almost created vegetables and the next famine household by my a vigorous appetite. tails Space will not permit me to describe the defast for an extended and preparation Mr. Wilson made, and I prefer to such as refer you to the books written by able specialists If I did write this important matter. upon be accused those details I would of copying information The them. you require will be True Science of Living," by in "The found by Dewey, M.D., Hooker Edward pubKshed " Co., Norwich, Conn., Charles C. Haskell Sinclair, Fasting Cure," by Upton and "The Publishing Co., New sold by Physical Culture Price, $1.00. York. if in the fasting system, The only danger to lie at its not of too long duration, seems Taper termination. off gently and don't gorge harm Do this and no will result. yourself. At the end of my four days' fasts I have taken, in moderation, grape juice, well boiled rice and the next day anything green peas and carrots, it. I liked, provided I chewed
way
135

OLD
Regarding

AGE
my

"

ITS

CAUSE

drug the strictures upon but voicing the store medical profession: I am opinion of a great rising tide of inteUigent leged Alprotest against such antiquated methods. medicinal remedies, long in favor, are losing their popularity. The halo of the old is out style, drug-dosing allopathic physician of fashion and dingy. Patent medicines require dupes are not more advertising than formerly so plentiful and the pure food law has had a discouraging that industry. very efifect upon to In short, people are think, commencing to learn more of Nature's effective methods of As a result, cure and appreciate their value. the familiar sign, "Drugs" will be unfashionable The advance is before the end of this century. As far as you are concerned, slow but it is sure. as a means of health, learn all you can for digestive disorders, effective cure of Nature's
"

colds and most minor glandular troubles. My space will not admit of all of the details you will require, but the authors of the books, I are authorities in the matter and named The "Physical advise you to get those books. York gives a great Culture Magazine" of New deal of space to the system and you will find valuable data there. It is the pioneer pubmuch Ucation in popularizing Nature's curative methods, be to formati sources your added and should of ina matter upon which should be of vital interest to you, i. e., "The Fasting Cure."
136

The

Secret of Good

Digestion

of food begins in the mouth, and to aecomphsh perfectly this part be thoroughly of digestion the food must chewed, and in that process thoroughly insalivated. This will depend the conupon dition Food cannot of the tools you work with. be thoroughly unless the teeth are chewed in good tooth lost or condition, and every diseased diminishes the ability of that person his food to the extent to masticate of that lost chewing as surface. You might pect well ex-

DIGESTION

with few and poor tools as to expect yoiir stomach to satisfactorily digest a lot of food which by reason not of poor teeth, or few of them, was loss of a tooth is The sufficiently chewed. therefore a misfortune, as just to that extent digestion is crippled. the preparatory process .of If digestion is not perfect, and if assimilation is not perfect, health is impossible. More bodily illsare due to what we eat and All the how we eat it, than any other cause. long train of digestive disorders, in fact, the diseases, may human be majority of most basic starting point: What traced to the same
137

carpenter

to

turn

out

good

job

OLD
you
eat, how

AGE

"

ITS

CAUSE

how you eat, and you eat much it, but principally the latter. It is in the mouth that the first and one of important in digestion takes the most steps dividu place; the only step, in fact, over which the inhas the slightest control, hence the importance in nutrition of sound teeth, a full To believe as a supply, and clean mouth. do, that artificial teeth are quite as satismany factory in the mastication of food as natural is a mistake. They ones, sustain the same leg relation to natural teeth that a wooden does to one lose of flesh and bones, but if you a tooth, at once good the loss by remake placin it with an artificialone. In this era of ingenious dentistry and really the counterfeit will do artistic bridgework, specti inexcellent will readily pass service and That is, unless you ask the interested do not investigator to "step If you inside." that indiscretion and the investigator commit is not a dentist, nobody will find out. However, it is just as well to remember the old Spanish "The diamond man a paste proverb, with the society of Lapidaries," shuns and apply it to your own But if through case. great any loss of your teeth a plate has been found necessary, do not hesitate to put it in and. do so at For "the stomach has no once. remember, teeth," and if you have no teeth you will be unable to chew your food, therefore indigestion
138

AND
with

PREVENTION

mize all its miseries will surely result. Econoin any other direction you please but do the process at a point where not economize That would be "Penny of nutrition commences. foolish." If a tooth is found wise and pound decay have it filled iat once, as to be decaying be easily arrested,,without in its beginning can in the least impairing the usefulness of the is also less painful tooth and early treatment Usually less expensive. the latter is a and Most in its favor. people argument prime will not consult a dentist until they are really To in pain. teeth your avoid trouble have inspected at intervals, just as it is the custom boilers. It is less inspect elevators and to What would be expensive in the "long run." thought of a building who never of the owner had his elevators inspected, say at least two or
three times a year? keiep the teeth clean. The time at Always to cleanse the mouth which it is most necessary Really the ideal way and teeth is at bedtime. That is what I do, to do this is after each meal. first using dental floss silk and this I always it is For in my convenience pocket. carry discs, manufactured always put up in small, flat tin Cross "Red and sold under the name Packet Dental Ploss Silk." All druggists have Draw have. the in stock, or them should brush between the teeth, afterwards thread

well.
139

OLD

AGE

"

ITS

CAUSE

I use Mornings a tooth paste and evenings stead put up in the ordinary sheet lead tubes, but inof the usual round orifice or vent, get the The paste kind with the narrow oblong vent. like a ribbon, it lasts longer, does comes out not waste, cleanly. Don't keep and is far more decayed teeth in your they are any mouth; if too badly decayed, dangerous.- Fill, crown, or last resort, have as a them extracted; and but don't let any teeth stay in your mouth that Decaying dangerous. decayed; are they are teeth spell Dyspepsia. "Proper care of the mouth and teeth is one important that of the most of all the measures body are taken for the protection of the human is, in care proper and a failure to give them disease judgment, the direct cause my of more in

the

human

family O. Owen,

than M.D.,

any

other

single

cause."

Surgeon U. S. "In I say Amen: Army, to which says, and is defective handicap tuberculosis, a great it impossible tools make teeth, as such chewing to properly and assimilate food, masticate see therefore in all such cases that the teeth kept in good order. This is important are as portanc well as a well-nourished body is of the firstimin the prevention or cure of 'The Great White Plague,' and I am certain that a foul mouth teeth, especially in and decaying increases the chance of children, decidedly

Major

W.

140

AND

PREVENTION
as

catching that dread disease fever, diphtheria, measles or

well

as

scarlet

other contagious favorable diseases. Under the most conditions be human the may mouth regarded as an almost for germ life. In fact, it ideal culture medium in point temperature, presents of moisture, ing nutritive material, etc., an almost perfect breedAs this congerms. dition place for dangerous

the most ditions, exists under sanitary conbe expected when through must what foul, neglect the teeth are decayed, the mouth the breath offensive and the general situation bacilli." invitation to dangerous a pertinacious hygiene Regarding the importance of mouth of the teeth. Dr. William Osier says: and care portant imis not any "There one single thing more in the whole range of hygiene, than the If I were hygiene of the mouth. asked to say more produced physical deterioration was whether by alcohol or by defective teeth, I should He is all unhesitatingly say 'defective teeth'." but surely in his chloroform statement, wrong
mean, of always an unhealthy, nature, and unclean whatever more but they mean than that, and mouth, important thing to be remembered. this is an They are indirectly the basic cause of digestive

all right in this. In brief, dental

diseases

disorders and often of the various contagious diseases. You that all of this is logical. will admit
141

OLD
You
matter can't

AGE

"

ITS

GAUSE
consider
great

help it. That But carefully.

is, if you then


a

the

many

a people who read this stuff will say, "What lot of bother." Of course it is; but this bother other methods with a lot of my of getting at 72 I look young again, are the reasons why Which half of my over not very age. much me one that upon campingof my reminds had dirty, fellow we out trips a with us sickly he watched me as said to me, scrubbing away are a great teeth, "You trouble to yourat my self, it; that Gertainly, I admit ain't you?" is why I am in such splendid health. And when

loafing around my mouth, they decide not to apply for apartments, and instead lot a they hunt up some such fellow, owning and a breath of decayed teeth, a filthy mouth Then like a buzzard. move they promptly in and get busy. Later on that kind of a fellow doctor's care is usually under a and has to he needed was for it." What "take something dentist and a tooth brush, then it would a happened. not have If all this to fathers and mothers. And now too much trouble for yourselves, how about .is lives are dependent your children.? Their young They help themselves and you on cannot you. are the responsible parties. All that I have said applies to those children and to a greater degree Remember to grown that foul than people. in decaying teeth, particularly mouth and
any germs
come 142-

AND

PREVENTION

increase the chances childreil, decidedly of infectious diseases, catching contagious and such as scarlet fever, diphtheria, measles and tuberculosis, and just remember that a clean to prevent mouth will do much tagion. such conresult of bad teeth and unsanitary the physical development mouths of a growing The more the child is seriously retarded. is disturbed the less in physical development general is the mental capacity. Therefore the defective the teeth, also the worse, more as a I quote this rule, is the school standing." "School Hygiene from an excellent work upon and Discipline." As a summary, sound teeth properly used an are absolute necessity to good digestion, and in your efforts to cure dyspepsia the first your thing you should do should be to put your done so, tools in order, and having chewing in that condition. At your keep them meals deliberately, don't use thoroughly them and hurry, for if you do you will not make a good job a good job of this of it and if you don't make preparatory process and bolt your food, you will be thoroughly chewed or must regret it. Food before it is taken into thip properly assirriilated has no teeth," stomach, and as "the stomach be chewed it cannot there. As a consequence too long in the digestive tract, it will remain there it will rot and dyspepsia, acid stomach,
a 143

"As

OLD

AGE

"

ITS

CAUSE

flatulency and the train of evils which follow indigestion will result. Medicines do not cure
that

they may temporarily condition; allay the distress, but if you bolt your food you may the trouble back next expect again at your I suffered or no medicine meal, medicines. from the agonies of acute dyspepsia for thirty years, and only recovered after I had learned to food thoroughly. eat my slowly and chew gestio is the secret of my That present excellent dibother or pre-digested foods with Take cures. my advice, alleged dyspepsia first as to putting your chewing tools in order, in that condition, then and how to keep them
Don't learn how To
to eat.

Fletcher belief Horace the best of my did not invent the art of chewing food, but he he a great service to mankind when performed iterated and reiterated his advice to chew food before it is placed in the stomach. thoroughly He has written so exhaustively upon the subject that about all I can add to his advice is to get tools in order and at your meals your chewing
that them thoroughly, eat slowly; and If you is the great secret of a good stomach. have dyspepsia go without solid foods at your breakfast. Digestion is very slow when you are be some residue from sleeping and there may last evening's meal; if there is that will your If you are hinder digestion of the next meal.
use

1.44

AND

'PREVENTION

to drink coffee, weak tea or milk at accustomed breakfast, and they agree with you, conyour tinue but even a the practice, not crust of Any bread. food will start the grinding solid process of the stomach muscles, for that is the next stage after food has been swallowed. dyspepsia you In the chapter upon .following will find described my methods of strengthening it is important. the stomach muscles, and

Dyspepsia

MOST
more

people are afflicted with some of digestive disorder, the "quick habit" of the modern business man

form lunch being

largely responsible for this condition than you anything else; for it is not so much what how food is not eat, as eat it. If your you thoroughly oughly chewed, and, in that process, thorinsalivated, it will certainly be digested it reaches the "stomach; with difficulty when and if this habit of^swallowing the food hastily, is persisted proper and without mastication, in dyspepsia, its various with complications,

will surely result. There is no exception. Nature is a stern creditor, infraction her laws. If you resenting any of violate them, you will certainly suffer for it. And the severest penalties she inflicts are for transgressing Under the laws the of digestion. familiar title, dyspepsia, we tressin group various disdigestive disorders, most of which could be avoided by properly chewing the food. I have stated that, in my personal experience, and by the system of exercises I practice, I have found it to be possible to build up the aged human body the halfafter it has passed
146

OLD
century

AGE

"

ITS

CAUSE

limit, and to restore to it the muscular have possessed in earlier development it may years; and that it is also possible to excel that But be done this cannot, when condition. serious digestive disorders exist ; until they are As the improvement remedied will be slow. by, hurried eating trouble is usually caused insufficient mastication, the and, consequently, is to take more logical remedy time at meals, This change the food thoroughly. and chew in habits alone will, most probably, greatly improve the digestive conditions in a short time. The next step is to strengthen the muscle's of for the digestion of food depends the stomach, largely upon the strength of those muscleis. In the process of digestion, the muscles of the ducing and relax, proalternately contract stomach a churning motion which, with the aid of if the digestive fluids, digests the food. Now, those muscles are weak, the. work of digestion will be carried on poorly and with great effort. If this process of digestion were solely the result action, then a healthy condition of chemical brought about by might, possibly, be artificially
be cures might and medicinal preparations, dyspepsia of the numerous effected by some the world. But, "dopes" advertised throughout be obtained from as strength cannot muscular drug, it is certain that these preparations any be the infallible remedies for digestive cannot disorders the inventors and theiradvertisements
147

OLD

AGE

"

ITS

CAUSE

Temporary tress relief from the disclaim for them. be obof indigestion may tained undoubtedly from these alleged remedies, and a more to diet the sufferer careful attention which taking most when probably would observe improvement; but them" would result in some by the use of opium, or any a cure as well expect to place dependence as solely other anodyne, drug, or combination upon any of drugs. lies with one's The remedy self, and, if the fully faithfollowed following brief directions are
"

will succeed as and persistently, any one I have done. be thorfood slowly, that it may Chew oughly your insalivated and digested readily. It is
to strengthen the muscles of the also necessary by the This can be accomplished stomach. foUowirig simple and easily-performed exercise: ward. Lying on your back, bend your head well for(This action will contract and tense the When the head is dropped abdominal muscles.) back to the horizontal position, those muscles

will relax. These and relaxation alternate contraction en exercises will,of themselves, materially strengthbut percussion the muscles; will greatly aid in producing thd,t result. Therefore, as you alternately raise and lower the head, and thus
contract

domen and relax the muscles, strike the abrapidly with your clenched fists,at first increasing the force of lightly, but afterwards
148

AND

PREVENTION

become as the blow, the muscles stronger. blood direct This exercise will to that the healthy circulation, and a part, will produce strengthen the digestive organs. Another excellent exercise is to place the firmly upon the abdomen palms of the hands in the way a and rub back and forth, much These is two exercises will washboard .used. have also reduce any fatty deposit which may inexpensive, harmless, are and accumulated, widelyeffective than the most and far more lauded "dyspepsia cures." advertised and most I speak from experience, ^as I suffered from dyspepsia for over thirty years, vainly seeking from the various relief during all that time, prescribed by physicians, remedies medicinal by induced to purchase or others which I was by the recommendation or of advertisements friends. sympathetic hurried meals, The causes of my trouble were insufficient mastication, of the and weakness My was cure effected by muscles. abdominal I have described. To those unfortunates the system I been, have I are afflicted as who these exercises for strongly urge the practice of the abdominal muscles. strengthening

149

How

l^Sj^gthened My
our

Eyes

^HE,ji^s-^f all of

faculties is equivalent and the loss of any one of them nearer the end. you. that much f your hearing or your powers of loa

but the greatest befall one is the physical calamity which can total loss of sight. All the wealth in the world And I have will not offset such a misfortune. been so near that condition that even the memory
great

coHiotion is

misfortune,

the blues, the of those days stillgives me fearing a the light failed." Always year "when to that awful condition, I am possible return formerly as now eyes as I was careful of my I had unusually Naturally, negligent. good, the only point strong eyes and that, I think, was in niy physical heritage in which I was not a

weakling. As I have elsewhere younger stated, in my days I was indoor sedentary an an accountant,^ health and my undermined profession which The finally seriously injured my coneyes. that for a long time I knew the seqiience was misery of being unable to read, unable to bear the sunlight,and as any ray of light was agony dark glasses. I stumbled very about wearing

OLD
so

AGE--ITS

CAUSE

dark t,hat all the world seemed to be in a dim, uncertain twilight. By a long enforced rest I partially recovered, down but at about the time of my physical breakI had reached the age of fifty or when but I was comthe trouble again commenced, mencing
to
was

that any muscle or set of muscles, if exercised, will increase in size, strength and if this applied elasticity. Therefore, I reasoned, to the muscles of the body generally why would it not apply to the muscular structure of the. eyes.!* I found that the; action of each eye was being attached controlled by six muscles, these to the eye-balls and from them extended and in whicK they attached to the bony structure In the event of the reader wishing are encased. to read up on this subjectyou will find, these follows: muscles described about as the eye The Superior Rectus, which moves moves the Inferior Rectus, which upward; the Interior Rectus, which the eye downward; the Exterior Rectus, the eye inward; moves the Superior and the eye outward; which moves Inferior Oblique muscles, which control the rotation is copied, from an of the eye-ball. This the eye, but book or chapter upon elementary I for the purpose of explaining, the exercises be sufficient. practice, this information should I lie in bed I look far to the right, then ,As far to the left,then close the eyes tightly as
151

learn something,

and

that

something

OLD

AGE

"

ITS

CAUSE

possible several times. Then, with eyes opened, from obliquely upward turn to the right them to obliquely downward to the left. Variation^ roll eyes in a wide circle to the right; look far from turn then far downward; eyes upward ward at the left to obliquely downobliquely upward in a wide circle at the right. Roll eyes to the left. During these exercises I strike both temples rapidly with the heels of my open
"

hands.
This last percussion exercise has a wonderfully invigorating effect upon, the eyes and will surely for this is that it improve the sight. The reason draws the blood to them and increases their
to secure more and vitality by enabling them It also stimulates better nourishment. the nervous structure of the eyes. In commencing care these exercises great and for should be taken not to overdo them the first few times "go slow." I practice them I lie in bed and as now only in the morning I douche the eyes at the water afterwards faucet. I for the temples The percussion example learned from an old printer who practiced it and his eyes became the eye-rolling exercises whenever in excellent shape and tired. His eyes were he informed me that he often practiced both exercises during his work with great benefit. Physical Bernarr Macfadden, editor of The York, has published Culture Magazine, of New
152

AND
an

PREVENTION

excellent littlebook entitled "Strong Eyes." The price is one dollar. The percussion exercise is not included in it, but the eye-rolhng exercise are and are excellently illustrated. I advise you to get that book and read it carefully. It contains many good suggestions, to describe. which space will not permit me The best proof of the efficiency of the eye at 72 my exercise is that now sight has improved to such an extent that I have been able to prosecute without any distress the long series of research I have found and readings which "The in writing Art necessary of Getting Undoubtedly, Young Again." proveme this great imin my sight is to a great extent indirectly due to my excellent physical condition, but it is-certainly directly due to the practice of the exercises I describe, and I am have this success made certain I could not if I had not and persistently systematically Therefore, if those eye exercises. practiced the muscles of your eyes are weak I advise you You to follow my will then surely example. I would also add if you will strengthen them. by the methods strengthen the rest of your body described in this book you will have no reason to regret following my advice, for this is "How Eyes." I Strengthened My

1S3

The

Liver

the liver is wrong everything seems for the heakh pends wrong, of the body delargely upon its condition and activity. If it secretes bile normally, forms and perits other functions healthfully, then the whole body has the benefit of its good work; but if,on the other hand, it is lazy or congested, a troubles commence; torpid or fractious liver being a very list of serious affliction. The troubles resultant from this condition is a long

WHEN

one.

liver is really a filterthrough which the blood must pass to be purified, and if this process the of purification is improperly performed blood is poisoned, and any or all of the organs less seriously. When be a,flected more or may the liver is sluggish there is usually a dull, aching pain in the right side, and ofter under the right shoulder blade. Then, too, there are pains in the forehead (more rarely in the back an unpleasant of the head); furred tongue; taste in the mouth a dingy, yellow at morning; loss of apcolor in the whites of the eyes; petite, after and often dizziness; drowsiness meals, and a generally pessimistic view of life.

The

154

OLD
These
are

AGE
some

"

ITS

CAUSE

of the disagreeable conditions that result, in varying degrees of intensity, and follow, there are others more serious that may if this, one important organs of the of the most human is not kept up to its normal system, activity. Without going into the physiological details of it simply as a and functions of the liver, tJliink filter through which the blood must pass to be freed from its impurities, and remember that it be kept in an active state to properly permust form its duties. To accomplish it be this must exercised, as must every other organ of the body, the simplest and most effective method being by performed rhythmical agitation, or massage, oneself in bed, preferably in the early morning, is empty. the stomach when It is best to first acquaint yourself with the position, size, and general characteristics of the liver, before commencing the exercises that follow. The liver is a gland, or rather a multitude together in one erate conglomof glands, bound In an adult, it usually weighs-four body. foot in length in its pounds, and is nearly one It is situated upon longest dimension. the large space right side of the body. It occupies a in the abdomen justunder the diaphragm, and is partially covered by the lower ribs. The tation most accessible point for its exercise or agiis immediately the angle of the above lower ribs. right hip bone, and under the
156

156

OLD

AGE

"

ITS

CAUSE

It is held firmly in place by five strong ligaments, and nothing but great abuse, such as or tight lacing, unnatural pressure, accidental injuryto the region, can displace it; hence there is no possibility that the method of exercise I describe will injurethe organ. After five years confidently state that benefit o" practice I can the most alone will result, and that under comfortable conditions, and without medicine
or

expense.
.

The practice of the three exercises which follow, in combination with those previously described, will surely relieve you of the presence ^liver comof that child of the Evil One plaint-^-and its companions-dyspepsia.
"

First

Exercise

in the illustration shown on the opposite page, place the ends of that region of the fingers of both hands over the liver at the right side of the abdomen, above the angle of the right hip bone, and below the Then press the fingers edge of the lower rib. The abdominal upward and well under the rib. in this muscles, being in a relaxed condition position, will readily yield to the pressure, and Press or agitated. the liver can easily be moved Lying
on

your

back,

as

and then relax the pressure, under an(i upward, movements, and inwith twenty commencing
157

"o

c
o
u 01

158

OLD

AGE
"

"

ITS

CAUSE

hundred conyour creasing up to one when dition will warrant. The effect of this agitation of the organ is the in riding a trotting horse, same as that obtained by physian exercise universally reconimended cians liver is the when sluggish.
Second Exercise

left right side, place your hand over the region of the liver previously Incline the head described. slightly forward and bend the knees, as shown in the illustration on the opposite page. (In this position the abdominal muscles will be relaxed and the liver inclined slightly forward.) Press either the ends of the fingers, or the knuckle of the thumb, or agitate, well under the ribs, and massage, in liver as the preceding exercise. the be While it is true that the first exercise may to sufiicient, yet this change of position seems and present another surface for manipulation; be practiced with good reboth positions can sults.
upon your

Lying

Third

Exercise

(Percussion)

the region of the liver will its activity. The most tageous advanalso promote the left side, the organ position is upon then being inclined slightly forward, and the Percussion
over
159

.tl

JS

160

OLD

AGE

"

ITS

CAUSE

Clench the right hand and relaxed. muscles scribe strike lightly, but rapidly, at the point deCommence
as

your

increasi light blows, twenty with hundred to one more, or the number condition will warrant.

Chest

Development,

Showing

Result 162

of Deep-Breathing

Exercise

Deep-Breathing

Exercises

for the Development of the Lungs

the simple exercises and 1 am by which a methods physically comple man at seventy-two young would be inbreathing; for a upon without page is to live, and to breathe "without breath, to the there is no life/' Differ as we as may virtues of the innumerable tems remedies and sysupon

TREATISE

the world for the throughout advocated preservation of health, we all agree that life is ing, the act of breathupon absolutely dependent be healthy unless this cannot and that man function is performed Nature intended. as At the commencement a the infant draws long, deep breath, instinctively retaining it to from the air its life-giving property; extract then exhales it in a long wail, and its life upon earth begins. At the end, with the chillof death him, the heart of the old man flutters upon faintly then one he ceases to breathe, gasp that act, upon and the life principle, dependent leaves the body forever. From the first faint breath of the infant, to the last gasp of the long story of continued it is one dying man, breathing, for lifeis but a series of breaths.
"

"

163

OLD
Man
may

AGE

"

ITS

CAUSE

exist for a month without eating, drinking, but a much shorter time without this earth without breathing his existence upon by few few a a very will be measured "Air is life," and without pure minutes. air therefore keep in good health is impossible;
"

"

halati the duration of inslowly, allowing be about to equal. and exhalation Practice this exercise as much as possible in the are the sun upon all dependent sunlight, for we filled with for the life principle; its rays are and life, and the air vitalize vibrations of energy inexhaustible storeby sunlight is an house from we the vital force extract which breathe. as we lie in bed in the morning, As you with the exopen, practice this deep-breathing ercise windows in walking. The as the same movement your most position is upon side or convenient
exhale

as possible. See that air as much home is well ventilated, and sleep with your As you open. your windows walk, frequently inhale deeply, fillingthe lungs slowly as full as possible without any feeling of dizziness, then

the

open

back. It must consumption the

be
strong

admitted
men are,

that
as a

and
cause

pneumonia of death

athletes or professiona rule, short lived, quently frebeing most


among

of men who, by reason physical development,

class of their strength and to be imseem would


164

that

AND
mune

PREVENTION
those diseases.

from of
a

death

noted athlete dissipation after the arduous to attributed for some work of preparation athletic event,
or

Usually the sudden from pneumonia is

"out exertion undue when of training." While this is often the case, it will not account for the deaths, by consumption and pneumonia, of professional strong men, of a -number who for lives. The were their abstemious noted has been that their bodies were real reason unequally exercised; the external muscles being but the to developed their fullest capacity, in their lungs, being neglected, have remained velopme original condition, and far inferior in their deto

the powerful external structure. In this condition any unusual strain or exposure deleterious effect which might not have any the strong upon seasoned external and thoroughly muscles, might work very serious injury to the weak and veloped poorly-decomparatively is only lungs. Like a chain, which link, this, the weakest as strong as its weakest part of the body, suffers. be healthy, develop the body If you would and if these exercises for the lungs evenly; are need not fear practiced as described, you diseases. pulmonary I speak from experience, for my father died of I inherite at the age of forty-two. consumption lungs and to a that tendency weak exdread disease. By these lung-strengthening
165

OLD

AGE

"

ITS

CAUSE

ercises, I have increased the expansion of my two chest from one-half inches to five and and one-half inches, and am absolutely free from coughs, colds, or any lung weakness. I deepthe adoption urge strongly of these breathing exercises, in this or any other system of training
or

physical

culture.

166

Organs

of Digestion

167

Cleanliness
Internal

advise the "internal bath" what is usually designated as "flushing ^but "rectal irrigation" or the colon," decidedly not what is known as taking an most Mere injection. injections of a pint or a quart insufficient as of water, usually, practiced, are and ineffective. To properly wash the colon, at least four or five quarts of water are necessary, for the largest tended disintestine is five feet in length, and when is fully three inches in diameter. The proper appliance for cleaning the colon, bag, or the large intestine, is a rubber water jecti with a capacity of five quarts, to which the inpipe, or point, is attached at the center. into forces the water The weight of the body

EARNESTLY
"

"

the slightest and cleanses the colon without in this time physical effort. The occupied fifteen minutes. It is the operation is about simplest and most effective appliance for this invented, is an important yet purpose and factor in my system oi physical rejuvenation. I strongly advise its use a at least once week. It is called "The Cascade," is for and sale by
J68

OLD
the

AGE

"

ITS

CAUSE

Tyrrell Hygienic Institute, 1562 way, BroadNew York. I cheerfully give the appliance in return for the benefits this endorsement I have derived from its use. testin The importance this large inof keeping clear of obstruction is easily apparent. It is the receptacle for the waste matter of the be termed the sewer system, of the and may If it is allowed to become body. clogged with in constipation, it fecal matter, is the case as becomes the incubating of diseaseground breeding germs, of ail manner and the source of diseases and complications, which would not kept properly clean. Physic is if it were occur but a poor method of attaining the end. The internal bath, by the process described, is the by only logical, simple^ and effective method To those who be accomplished. which it can read this book and adopt my system of exercises, I strongly urge its practice,, at least once a week, though twice a week is better.

169

Cleanliness
External

the soft and skin protects sensitive body from inthe jury, parts of mechanical the effects of heat or and from two tubes, cold. It has over million sweat aggregating several miles in length, through which it throws off from ten to fifteen thousand daily. The under layer grains of dead matter of skin is covered with a complete of network blood vessels spreading over a surface of nearly fifteen square feet. There are also numerous oil glands which

THE

constantly throw off fatty secretions ; an active, portant imclean, healthy skin is, therefore, a very factor in the process of eliminating in dead and clogging matter, greatly aiding and kidneys lungs. It is essenthe work of the and tially health, one of the principal conditions of inert, dirty skin while, on the other hand, an must gans necessarily increase the labor of the ormentioned, hasten their decay, and shorten life. By the weight profuse sweating of the body, when in a gross condition, and when there be reexcess of adipose tissue, can exists an duced in an hour. from two to five pounds
170

OLD
When

AGE

"

ITS
an

CAUSE

the skin is in
any

sudden a injurious which could have no effect upon healthy, vigorous skin, may produce a chill by which the secretions are checked, with the result large be driven that a amount of blood may to the interior and some come beof the organs may A bad cold, with all of its congested. discomforts, may follow, with the attendant
more possibility even of other and serious complications. The necessity of keeping the pores open and free, to eliminate the waste is matter, quite best to remove the way evident, and the very surface dirt and accomplish, the desired end is by the plentiful and frequent use of soap and warm Previous to the bath, create a friction on water. the back and shoulders and back of the legs with a rough Turkish towel, and on the chest, stomach and front of the legs with horse-hair be purchased at almost any mittens, which can drug store. This will loosen the dead epidermic the skin, scales and the impurities lodged upon and greatly add to the benefit of the bath. I advise the tepid bath; it is very true there is usually an invigorating eflfectin the cold bath where prompt reaction follows, but in the case years, or those in poor of persons of advanced from the shock of cold water health, recovery not be prompt, may and a distinct lowering of

inert, stagnant condition, change in the atmosphere,

the vital force will temporarily follow. The


m

OLD

AGE

"

ITS

CAUSE

drawn, and a sensation of exface will appear hausti time afterwards; will be felt for some viously while, with the tepid bath, if the skin is prefriction as describe subjectedto vigorous the circulation will be accelerated, tonic effect will be obtained, the same and lowering of the nervous energy. any without temperature The water should be of about the same as the skin. If it be too hot, and the bath prolonged, the muscles will relax, and a feeling of lassitude will result. Therefore, my in years, or in poor advice to those advanced health, is to use the tepid bath as the "happy rected Create a friction on the body as dimedium." then let there be a quick, but total, This practice daily will be sufficient immersion. to keep the skin in a healthy condition.
"

"

172

Uric Acid

Crystals

173

Rheumatism

the rheumatism or the worn-out, of eUminating dead, matter from the system, are of great benefit. By this process of systematically exercisi body by the all the muscles alternate contractions and relaxations, the uric acid which is the basic cause of the trouble, and which the kidneys have failed to eliminate, finds no place lodgment. It is compelled, by of permanent on," the persistent agitation, to "move and is expelled by the natural excretions of the body before it has found time and place to settle and form into the minute crystals, which, Uke
so

TO

those

who

have

to tendency I have methods


a

acid describe

of

the cause of the acute pains characteristic of the disease. has been termed "the disease of Rheumatism This is not altogether true, for, while it age." be admitted, that as we in years must advance it is ever to be dreaded, to think that it is the inevitable disease of age is an error. It should be termed, rather, the disease of inaction and consequentl disordered digestion. is systematic muscular The remedy activity. In this way it is possible to eliminate from the
many

splinters,

are

374

OLD
system

AGE
the
cause

"

ITS

CAUSE

of the disease. The simplest, is described most effective and easiest method in these pages. I know from my own experience, and the experience of those who have followed that this system of exercising example, every muscle of the body will surely prevent this most painful ailment; and, when it is not too far advanced, which may will effect a cure not be possible by the drug method.
my

175

Valves

of the

Veins

176

Varicose

Veins

177

Varicose

Veins
and

in the Legs
the Cure

"

the Cause

AS

we

r\
in the

in years a distention of poradvance tions of the large veins in the legs is apt This is especially noticeable to appear.
case

neceswhose of persons occupation sitates little a standing position, with chance for exercise. Clerks, hookkeepers, and workers in the different trades prinat "the bench" cipallyare the sufferers. This quiescent, upright position produces stagnation of the blood in the legs; hence pressure and a steady strain

the walls of the venous at that system Result, distention, or a permanent point. "varicose veins." In youth, if a change of occupation is made, disappear, but if the trouble this affliction may in or after middle by any ensues age a cure lotion or other medicinal remedy is impossible. It is true that a surgical operation will effect but that method a cure, of relief is expensive tinuance disconpainful, and will necessitate a and ess. of occupation during the healing procTemporary be obtained by the relief can use this of an elastic stocking, but without
upon support
a

continuance

of the
178

occupation

and

OLD

AGE

"

ITS

CAUSE

position which caused the trouble will surely induce its return. The first indication of a varicose vein is a dull, aching pain. The vein becomes much larger, knotted and distended ; in extreme cases follows. This a rupture of the wall sometimes is infrequent, but always possible. In the clinical report physical condition of my by Doctor Carl Renz, February made 5, 1895, which appears in the firstpages of this book, he notes "varicose vein upon, the inside This an of the right leg (uses elastic stocking)." is always annoying, one, affliction is a common personal experience, often and, writing from
extremely painful. I had reached my fortieth It appeared when for eighteen years thereme after. year and annoyed I relieved myself of the trouble by the persistent practice of the simple exercise or which I shall describe. method But first,to understand this method of cure, it is necessary to acquaint yourself with the structure of the weakened vein. You will then why the exercise I practice readily comprehend following brief and advise is beneficial. The description of the venous is a summary system this subject taken from of a long chapter upon Gray's Anatomy. text book I the standard have omitted the technical and sciientific terms be readily understood that the description may by the average reader.
"
"

179

OLD
The

AGE

"

ITS

CAUSE

to return veins are the vessels which serve ferent the blood from the capillaries of the difThe to the heart. parts of the body found in nearly every tissue of the veins are They larger and altogether body. are more

arteries; hence, the entire is much greater system capacity of the venous than the arterial. The arteries, which are more dense in structure than are the veins, are also stronger, more elastic, and preserve their cylindrical form when empty. have The not this property, veins lapse and colhave filled They not with blood. when thinner walls than the arteries and are not so fibre; hence they well supplied with muscular liable to distention at any part where more are All of the larger stagnation is liable to occur. provided with valves. Their shape veins are in the illustration on and position are shown These valves serve to prevent 176. the page are attached by their reflux of the blood. They convex edges to the walls of the veins. Their free and directed in the are concave margins They lie in close course current. of the venous with the wall of the vein as long apposition
numerous

than

the

the current If, however,


as

of blood
any

takes its natural

course.

or regurgitation stagnation distorted, occurs, the valves at that place become brought into their opposed edges are is intercepted, and a distention the current contact, which of the wall of the vein ensues, 180

AND

PREVENTION
we

distention

know

as

that very

painful ajSBiic-

tion, a varicose vein. As the primal cause of the trouble is stagnation of the blood at the point, acceleration of the circulation there would gestion; relieve that conbe effected this can and the only way is by friction. The most for effective method this is with the dry palm of the accomplishing hand, and the most convenient time and place is the same in the other exercises I have describe as in the early morning. ^in bed and The conditions are then favorable, as the system is relaxed and will readily respond to intellig
"

efforts towards
or

improvement.

its rejuvenation

The trouble will most upon probably appear the inside of the leg below the knee, running eral extend sevalong the calf of the leg, but it may inches above the knee and along the inside tion of the thigh. With increased years the congesdistention or of the superficial veins will immediately lower down, above and extend become discolored around the ankle. This may deep bluish hue because of the a and assume blood. stagnant Relief is obtained by friction, with the palm ercise of the hand, daily and persistently. This exwill relieve the congestion, strengthen the the venous walls, muscles that support minute cally, and if persisted in systematically and methodiwill finally restore the distorted venous
18X

OLD
valves

AGE

"

ITS

CAUSE

trations the two illusposition (see on pages 176 and 177), when the trouble will disappear. It is a simple, easy and eflfective for a very annoying affliction. I speak remedy from personal experience. The most position is lying upon convenient your with twenty strokes of side. Commence the hand up and down, following the course of ened hardthe vein, increasing as the skin becomes to the friction, to one and accustomed is If persisted in, a cure hundred strokes. ultimately sure, in any ordinary case.
to their proper

Concerning

Various
Defer

Methods

Proposed

to

Old

Age

Old Age and prominent writers upon by which it can be deferred, methods to be agreed to the principal seem as causes of that condition, but the theories advanced for its prevention are almost as various as as the writers, or say as numerous medicinal for An^iong a bad cold. the few remedies advised books Elie this subject,De upon published Metchnikoflf's work upon "The Prolongation of Life" is best known. The various reasons for physical deterioration are clearly described and ous the effects of age are well illustrated by numerinteresting pictures. It is the work of a thoughtful, able scientist. But after carefully to me that, reading the book it does not seem the excellent advice to observe aside from with descriptions certain sound, hygienic ruleg,' of diet, ^^nythingnew and of rational systems is,in that the description valuable is advanced; of materially prolonging methods of the proven life. To the public generally Professor Metchnikoff is well known as the prophet of the great value of sour milk as a food article. This diet, ac-

ALL
'

1S3

OLD
cording

AGE

"

ITS

CAUSE

has the virtue of proto his statement, longing human Hfe to extraordinary ages. The

is merely however, corroborating evidence, Grigoroff, a Bulgarian that "M. at student Geneva, has been surprised by the number of in Bulgaria, where to be found centenarians sour milk is a staple article of food." Another Riley, is quoted valuable authority, named follows: "The wandering Arabs of the desert as live almost wholly on the milk-of camels, fresh or or this diet they live two soured, and upon his from I presume, three hundred years." Mr. Riley was how, Anyname, another Bulgarian. he seems to have been gifted with a wonderful imagination. Professor Metchnikoff still further adds to the strength of the evidence he presents by his fact that so many own that: "The statement races sour make milk and use it copiously is an excellent testimony of its usefulness." With a considerable experience in frontier life, and some "cow knowledge of the diet and customs of inhabitants, my country" opinion is that pork and beans would speedily take the place of sour or any milk in Bulgaria, Egypt other
to take their the opportunity where that is, if choice was offered those people; hundred years old two either Riley's wandering Arabs, or M. Grigoroff's "numerous Bulgarian

country

centenarians" could get those articles at the same qpinion is that as price and had it. My
184

AND
food

PREVENTION

is usually scarce in those regions it was probably a case of buttermilk or "belt up." Professor Metchnikoff further a cites as
of the popularity of sour milk, the "entertained Biblical story that when Abraham the three angels he set before them soured milk he had sweet and milk and the calf which dressed." (Genesis XVIII, 8), the inference being that Abraham knew that even the angels fond of sour are milk. All this certainly evidences its popularity in but the personal countries where food is scarce, experience of the learned scientist as to the virtue of sour of life milk in the prolongation does not seem to have been very great as he says : "For more than eight years I took as a regular diet soured milk, at first prepared part of my from boiled milk inoculated with a lactic leaven.
support

well pleased with the result and think that my experience has gone long enough Eight years' experience to justify my views." of a sour milk diet might help his digestion, but be prolonged two it is no proof that life can hundred years, or half of that period by such diet. And a outside of that brief personal the hearsay evidence presented is experience
am

very

convincing. The fact is that sour milk, or buttermilk, in lent nearly all digestive disorders is really an excelarticle of diet, as it is usually easily digested, to soothe an irritated stomach, seems and

not

very

usually

189

OLD
But

AGE

"

ITS

CAUSE

My own always the case. personal is of such a nature that I experience it. Like Louis Cornaro, I speedily abandoned only write of my own experience, therefore I am that a unable to agree with Dr. Metchnikoff diet is the solution sour milk or buttermilk of the problem of ages; i. e., the prolongation it is an of life. That excellent article of diet in most digestive disorders I certainly admit, but when have recovered you will change you menu, this without your and much urging. In estimating human beings by their ages of factor which there is an important appearance, be considered, and this is that should always

this is not

out-of-door or nomadic people, of the type of the instanced, always look older than they raqes really are, and this would be especially the case in the desert-wandering hundred two years old Mr. Arabs Riley. This of the imaginative apply to M. Grigowould also very probably "numerous Bulgarian centenarians." The roff's is that exposure to the elements reason consequent an upon pearance apout-of-door life gives an of age to the face, which years might I know this applies to the Ute not warrant. Indians Colorado New of mountainous and Mexico, Indians" and also to the "Horse of Texas that is, of Kansas, the plains; and Arizona, for I have seen a good deal of those American Arabs, and know that after the age impossible to accurately of say fifty it was
186

AND

PREVENTION

judge

their ages, and this especially applied to their women. In making I do not in anythis statement way the advantages undervalue out-ofof an door life as a means of longevity, that being idea of an ideal life, but in the countries my where to be
are alleged centenarians reported so numerous, sanitary appliances, cleanliness and all recognized hygienic methods of Irishman, life are, to quote "noticeable by an

these

conditions the appearance of a period of life which in more civilized environments would not obtain. The in ^ge estimates of Mr. Riley and M. errors Grigoroff can therefore easily be explained. In formerly had the race this country the Mexican in many credit of producing centenarians; fact, if an imaginative was (or space-writer still is) at a loss to locate a centenarian and found that his editor didn't think much of the he promptly cases, county usual poorhouse located his instance of "wonderful longevity" in New Mexico, Arizona, or some part of the difficultto get at, a significant fact being country increased facilities that traveling with newspaper and opportunities for other ubiquitous investigate, people in those to men are countries who have lived long past a century hard to find as Dodos. And now as after the find has been made their age is justas difficult
187

their absence." Under these age is usual at

OLD
to prove.

AGE

"

ITS

CAUSE

"Leading the simple life" in a poorhouse seems to be, from newspaper articles, an effective means of reaching the century mark, from dietary it a and standpoint alone sounds least I to me, as agree with Louis reasonable, at Cornaro that we all eat too much and that killed by over-eating vastly more people are than from insufficiency of food. Still,I seem to have found of simple but effective methods I life by can my conducting which enjoy all of teriora things I like without the good physical deor or the necessity of a poorhouse buttermilk diet. The system of gratifying results of my life are a acquiring health and prolonging my appetite and a condition of bodily small-boy elasticity such as I never possessed in the best When days of my this happy early manhood. condition is a thing of the past then I will still further experiment sour onions, milk, with life-prolonging foods, garlic and other alleged All of to me. which have been recommended these have had their day of publicity, or shortlived found been have favor, but then wanting Like hospital in the virtues claimed. the cat, I have had all kinds of medicines and health in foods tried upon one as me, speak and
In an evil hour an old sea captain authority. induced me to try onions and garlic. I do not Professor know what effect that diet has upon but Metchnikoflf's leucocytes phagocytes, and
188

AND
as a

PREVENTION
of

discouraging book or agents standing off your creditors I heartily recommend it. A diet of onions and garlic may prolong life,but the chances are that something might happen the celebrated warrant would which Irish epitaph: "This was monument erected to the memory was who of Pat Mulligan shot as a of respect by his friends." There mark are a lot more ing of such fool methods of prolonglife,but the list is too long to enumerate. Health foods are advisable, but I did not acquire my splendid digestion and health by I have great predigested foods, and although faith in a diet which is largely vegetarian, I do be prolonged to exbelieve that Ufe can not traord by any ages particular article of food; that is, per se. logical and to Regarding other presumably some extent possible methods of life, or by be deferred, Dr. DeLacy old age may which in his book "How to Prolong Evans presents Life" some suggestions which, from a theoretical very plausible; but in the point of view, seem not generally ordinary conditions of life are
means

For practicable. agree with him.

I only partially that reason His theory is that "distilled water used as a drink will keep salts already existing in the blood in solution, and therefore deposition in the various their undue prevent He that also states organs and structures."

its

use

favors

their

elimination
189

by

the

dif-

OLD

AGE

"

ITS

CAUSE

ferent excreta "and if the same be the only Hquid taken into the system either as a drink for the ordinary decoctions of or as a medium tea, coffee, etc., it will in time tend to remove have accumuthese earthy compounds which lated in the system." He also advises fruit as a principal article of diet, giving a list of fruits beneficial, also of food-stuffs containing the smallest percentage therefore least likely to form of lime, and earthy deposits. In a general way, that is the outline of his It is all good system. reasonable, but and the under ordinary conditions of life nine
out of a people and ninety-nine thousand will find it impossible to carry it into unquestionably practice. As a laboratory experiment he is right, but in actual lifeit will never The likes and dislikes be generally in vogue. to be considered; pense also the exof people are and usually the difl"culty of practicing the general any particular system of diet. What is something easy, inexpensive and public want

hundred

eflFective. Given those conditions, that method hfe cannot of obtaining health and prolonging help becoming popular. After we consider all the other systems which have had sufficientpublicity or favor to warrant careful consideration, I will describe in detail by which I have succeeded the simple means in my in accomplishing own that which person
190

AND

PREVENTION

allthe various methods mentioned claimed could be done, but unfortunately their authors failed to prove ; that is,their persons. efficiencyin their own Another or of preventing suggested means limey deposits in the removing sedimentary in the water arteries is the use of phosphorus drink. As this remedy had been endorsed* we Evans, Dittmar, by DeLacy Liebig and some other lesser scientific lights, I decided to give it a trial. The it should be of reasons why tailed value in deferring old age will be found fully dein my friend, Frank Havens', interesting Hundred book, "The Possibility of Living Two Years." The book is a compilation of valuable data in the science of deferring "old age." I From the chapter entitled "Phosphorus," "The business of thinking is organic." quote "Without no thought" is a German phosphorus "Phosphoric with the acid combines saying. bases earthy existing in the alkaline and blood, forming neutral salts. As the amount of insoluble phosphoric acid increases, part of the becomecompounds superphosphates, earthy are soluble and circulate again in the which from blood, and a the portion is removed in the liquid excretions. This prevents system the of earthy compounds, accumulation even removes cause those of old age, and already deposited, thereby prolonging life for a ducing The lengthened of intromethod period." is deinto the system phosphorus
the
191

OLD scribed in syrup drachms,


as

AGE
follows:

"

ITS

CAUSE

"Unoxidized phosphorus two or glycerine, etc., in doses of one to the strength according of the and the solution. The alkaline hypophosphites dilute phosphoric acid in doses of from ten to drops in a glass of water." I do not twenty know the highly scientific gentlemen whether I have mentioned my and from whom whom friend Havens that idea, ever probably borrowed tried the remedy upon themselves, but I did, and I don't advise any one else to try it. In my case highly irritated a the immediate result was profanity, and it set with abnormal stomach,
that I extent such an for couldn't chew any food tougher than mush The fact is that these some time afterwards. suggested medicinal remedies for age are almost invariably the result of laboratory experiments. In theory they are logical and should work, but in practice upon they the human structure her own has failures. Nature hopeless are
my

teeth

on

edge

to

ing, and also of preventof cure effective methods deferring least, the disease, or at materially "old age," but she needs no help which we term By studying and from medicinal preparations. 1 have to my own case adapting those methods to in my old body

succeeded rejuvenating that which I had supposed a degree far beyond and that success example possible. Follow my While I do not claim that a very be yours. can be bad and chronic case of arteriosclerosis can
192

AND

PREVENTION

absolutely cured by the exercises I describe, I am such indications confident that if when or muscular contractions of age first appear Nature's muscle-pumping is commenced method and practiced systematically and persistently, is certain, and that health conimprovement ditions be greatly improved, can generally in my by even a,dvanced years, is evidenced have Written who several aged correspondents from to that effect. As their ages range me sixty-five up to seventy-six years, the period scribe gentle muscular activity, such as I dewhen to be beneficial is too indefinite ceases to be positively stated. Dr. Osier created a world-wide sensation some beings years ago by stating that after human had reached the age of sixty they should be I do not know for chloroform. the subjects learned scientist'sage or physical condition, but his own based upon if that statement was personal the result of his proexperience, and was fession he life, a methods of prolonging made but case, sad mistake, not alone in his own ment it has discouraged and has been a great detrito

thousands ages apof others whose proxim that period. It is very unfortunate from a prominent memthat such a statement ber of his profession should have obtained such it is not true, as at the publicity. Furthermore, I present the physical age of seventy-two age, condition of a trained athlete of half my
193

OLD

AGE

"

ITS

CAUSE

the bodilywith perfect health, vitahty and Therefore, I beg to differ elasticity of youth. his views with Dr. Osier, unless, of course, apply only to himself. About hearten disthe time worn-out when, and I commenced the system of exercises have fortunately for me, which resulted so
almost scientist created a sensation equal to that of Dr. Osier's, by stating in a injurious widely -circulated article that it was to actively exercise after the age of thirty -five. The statement of that alleged authority upon this upon probably also based subject was his own lifeof mental activity and most probably physical inactivity, resulting in an old body. To me it was discouraging statement. a most Still,I persevered and succeeded, and that success has been, as I have stated, far beyond my law is Nature's most sanguine expectations. in size, All muscles, that: grow all organs another

they are properly strength and elasticity when exercised, and just as certainly, all muscles, all say, every part of the body, organs, and I may including even the roots of the hair, lose those qualities and rapidly deteriorate if they are not unalterable law. In exercised. It is Nature's ercise, short, the secret of health and long life is exexercise persistent and methodical, from fant, the floor as an inthe time you toddle across falls, and the vital cord until the shadow

that

connects

you-

with
194

the

great

reservoir

AND

PREVENTION

of the lifeprinciple snaps and you step into the beyond. great mystery, The most perfect man,' est possessed of the strongbody the world has ever seen, will surely deteriorate if he does not exercise. This applies to every human being of either sex or age. There is no exception to the law, whatever and if you would be healthy and prolong your for it. this earth you must stay upon work There is no other successful method. Diet as health foods, you will, stuff yourself with saturate your system with the most widelyfor the tainme atadvertised medicinal preparations health, of strength, activity and longevity, you will not succeed unless you keep your body clear of all dead and clogging matter, this can through and only be accomplished Nature's There is no method. substitute. There can For the encouragement be none. of have or those who reached passed middle life and think they are too old, remember that I commenced this art of upon my experiments age when physical rejuvenationat fifty, an I have improvement as was such obtained impossible, and in the instances cited thought testimony of the aged people who have sent me the system of their improvement, of exercises I have devised was they practice and which during the past three years. up only taken And you, too, if not hopelessly wrong organically, will also succeed; that is, if you follow
195

OLD
my

AGE

"

ITS

CAUSE

instructions, and you will most probably done, succeed far more rapidly than I have for of the many years I have spent in perfecting
.

the art of getting young again, a considerable have been number records of disheartening failures, wrong methods, misplaced confidence in the judgment of others, and much time lost in the investigation of mistaken but much dietary remedies. You lauded or medicinal will, therefore, profit by my mistakes. I have now adopted and practice only those which after careful trial have proven methods beneficial and effectual in my own case, and as I do not differ in my from physical make-up I know by which I that the means other men, have succeeded will be successful with you. You know the benefits of exercise, but the joininga general impression is that it means
a or gymnasium, performing variety of violent bed-chamber, in your motions and probably at Naturally, in time hours. they unpleasant distasteful and are finally abandoned. become Exercise is, of course, simply muscular activity;

the alternate contractions and relaxations be easily effected of the muscles, and this can in this mechanical appliances, and without is far more way easily and effectively performed in bed under cover lie comfortably as you of are the bed-clothes. And as these movements arrangi necessity of disslowly there is no performed
e.,

i.

them.
196

AND

PREVENTION

Remember always that each set of muscles should be exercised slowly and by themselves. Under these conditions there is no strain upon heart and there need be no great acceleration -the have If any curiosity you of the pulse.
upon

that point accustom yourself to test your as pulsation and if the exercises are performed From the correct. advised you will find I am great mass of letters I have received I find that have become the average age of the writers who interested in my of methods simple from to come seem persons of rejuvenation, have to commenced middle age or those who of age have become marks realize that some Regarding or those those persons, evident. terest between the ages of 35 and 55, it may be of into know that the pulse under healthy at about 72. But in the conditions should run it will early morning, after a quiet night's rest, three to five beats slower, run most probably after any activity possibly it will rate while soon find this is the along at say from 75 to 80. .1 case, and as I am physically situation in my own in the condition of a very healthy man of about impression is that if you are nearly forty, my that age you will find your pulse to be at about in a is made This statement the same rate. have found great general way, as frequently I to be the usual seems variations from what the subject seems when rule, and this even perfectly sound, healthy and conditions normal.
197

OLD The

AGE

"

ITS

CAUSE

following table of pulse frequency, compiled Professor W. ". Porter, may be found .by interesting as it is the work excellent of an authority upon this subject:

Table
Compiled

of Pulse
by Professor

Frequency
W.
F. Porter

I must admit, often asked if I smoke. sometimes, and I think it is a bad practice. The effect of nicotine upon the heart, arterialand is bad. It certainly greatly increase nervous system, the injurious the blood pressure and I
am

effects are more possibly not so

speedy than alcohol, although lasting. I do not think my post


198

AND

PREVENTION

gree digestion in any deprandial cigar assists my to acidity tendency and if there is any confident that it aggravates of the stomach I am that condition. Just what effect nicotine has upon the heart you can easily find out by trying The uneven the pulse of any inveterate smoker. heart'' will at once be beat of the "tobacco it is certain that any marked evident and healthy variation from steady i;hythm of normal, at fife's central pulsation indicates a weakening runs pulse always steadily, but station. My it fails to do so I will instantly cut out when that one post prandial cigar as that will probably be the cause of the trouble. In short, I think habit. It is almost smoking is a bad and injurious interest in a cocktail having bad an as as
route.

often asked if it is possible in age to by any restore exercise, the coloring pigment I is an which experiment of the hair. That This idea was now am making. suggested by reading "Old Age Deferred," by Arnold Lorand, Austria, M.D., of Carlsbad, and published His by F. A. Davis Company of Philadelphia. treatment upon which of,the interesting subject he writes is based principally upon entirely novel lines. Aside from presenting a great deal of sity excellent advice in the direction of the neceshygienic laws, of proven of observance of health and general rules for the maintenance the the conduct of life generally, he advances I
am
,

199

OLD
theory

AGE

"

ITS

CAUSE

that the secret of a long Hfe lies principally in preserving a healthy condition of the That is the large gland that is thyroid gland. It situated at the lower part of the throat. both sides of consists of two lobes lying upon the wind pipe or trachea, below the Adam's apple and at about the third ring of the trachea. In man row these two lobes are connected by a naristhmus. In woman three lobes appear. Dr. Lorand the condition that upon claims health or ill health of this thyroid gland our of life are largely dependent. and term As this theory is exhaustingly argued through to a work of 458 pages, it is impossible for me deal of in this smaller book devote a great he advances. in recounting the reasons space After hunting many up and reading a good this gland and its functions, my articles on to be opinion is that the learned scientist seems better informed or the subject, at least upon it than any has written more extensively upon This I have yet consulted. other authority I have arrived at, that its real functions much by are anyone. not yet understood wholly Scientific literature on old age is very scarce, the upon specific, reliable information and diflicult to find. more thyroid gland is even That activity of the general, healthy .entire is the sine qua non of health, glandular system long life is evident, a and therefore probably but that those conditions are dependable upon
200

AND
any

PREVENTION

as every particular gland is doubtful. Still, organ of the body has a special duty to perform be that aside from being a factor in our it may of the functions of the general health, one thyroid gland is to secrete the coloring pigment does not positively of the hair. Dr. Lorand but intimates its probthis statement, ability. make

After three months' practice in stimulating by this gland massage with the combined throat muscle exercises (see chart)I found that darker in patches and hair became my much the exercise after discontinuing stripes, but I disappeared. for two the color weeks then commenced again and in about a week same the more results were tained obnearly
Whether

of the thyroid gland timate is the principal cause of gray hair, as he inbe the original color can and whether by it to stimulating regained permanently in connection ercise with exactivity by massage interest muscles, is an of the surrounding If I find that he is right experiment. I will stick and that exercise is not injurious to it until I remove the last indications of my I will resign myself to the age. But if wrong,
to the end. inevitable and go on gray-headed There is one thing certain, the coloring of the be secreted by some hair must gland and it is just possible that it^isthe thyroid. If I
eoi

degeneration

OLD
succeed
you say
on

AGE

"

ITS

CAUSE

in my experiments and it is safe for have to to try, I shall subsequently more this

Old Of other publications of merit upon Age and methods of deferring that condition familiar, the following contain with which I am Possibility "The much valuable information: by F. C. Years," Two Hundred of Living by William Havens; "The Art of Living," Kinnear; "The Essays of S. Rowbotham, Nature Cures," by Dr. Eiiimet Dens"How Living," by W. W. "Health by Good more; "The Hall,M.D.; Book of the Ralston Health Club," and "The Science of Health," by Edwaxd Dewey, M.D. Hooker There are, of course, more many and probably but space will not admit of a very good ones, prolongation of the hst; but after reading those

subject.

as well as the views of a great many named, the subject, other recognized authorities upon little importance it seems so that strange is attached to muscular of activity as a means the whole that which world is accomplishing has vainly endeavore seeking. In all ages mankind human to restore to the aged structure by medicinal means the elasticity, strength and This has been vitality characteristic of youth. dream the disappointed of the early alchemist hope of science, the faint, wavering and it is still but as years of with the precedent roll on one not millions of failures and countless 202

AND

PREVENTION

success, that hope is becoming authenticated fainter and with thinking people, the doubt Still the great mass blunder on as stronger.

of the alleged curative virtues credulous now of any widely-advertised medical preparation in as they were the century when Dr. Paracelsus and the other charlatan, Cagliostro, excited all Europe by claiming that they had discovered (theycalled them elixirs medicinal preparations in those days), by which lifecould be prolonged indefinitely. At least that was the claim made by Dr. Paracelsus, the quack. Cagliostro was his "red-elixir" only prolonged more modest, life to three hundred years. Ponce After them de Leon came and his fountain Now laugh at the we of youth. credulity of their dupes and then buy at the drug stores, fountains of youth, our modern
to the which, according medical concoctions all the evils flesh is heir to. advertisements, cure Barnum was right, people like to be humbugged. It is all very illogical, as if health, strength and elasticity of body and a long life could be at a drug store or obtained by any purchased est medical prescription; then the financially richbe most man generously would endowed with these, the greatest natural riches in the of course, of his purchasing world, by reason, powers, and the position of drug clerks who had these remedies for sale would be at a premium, have cures for all the evils for they would
203

OLD
"flesh

AGE
to"

"

ITS

CAUSE
and

is heir
at cost

at

their elbows

presumably

prices. The doctors who these mediadministered cines, knowing their great values, would take them themselves, and as a result be shining one of their efficiency, and if any examples advertised of the thousands of hair restorers for is our them would perform what claimed baldest and richest millionaire would a grow head the spirit make of hair which would But what turn green with envy. of Absalom is the actual situation? is frequently a The financially richest man his insolvent, and notwithstanding physical powers, alive upon often keeping purchasing "the diet of a millionaire," graham crackers and weak tea. And usually neither the doctors who prescribe the medicines, nor the druggist clerks filltheir prescriptions are hibits convincing exwho Manifestly of their alleged virtues. in such a system, there is something wrong and I predict that before the end of the century from which the allopathic medicinal methods I suffered from babyhood until I had reached to (and commenced the half century mark think)will be a thing of the past. The methods of the future, say in about of the physician hundred one years, will be a distinct departure in vogue. He will from those which are now know more and avail of psycho-therapeutics He himself of its possibilities. will understand
,

AND how Nature hinder that


cures

PREVENTION

and will know enough not to dosings, process with medicinal like mine cases and after a few thousand more in advanced (of physipal rejuvenation years) brought to the attention of the world, the are by which it has been simple, drugless means too to be popular will become accomplished When that period is reached the overlooked. by which I have obtained this success methods regaining will be a part of his advice towards health and deferring the approach of old age. But supposing all this may to pass, what come The will become of the medical profession? 'em long as they will stand as allopathic "dose for it" type, the kind who formerly made my life miserable, will gradually disappear; they will meet the fate of the Dodo. And that fate will be hastened very when day a law will be enacted resome quirin probably be that all medical prescriptions written guage. lanin English or some other understandable it is not And that time comes when difficult to predict the finish of the medical For without his purposely Dodo. mystifying he be in Latin Dog the conprescriptions would dition his of predecessors, the old-time magician, when shorn of his "black magic" incantations, Dog medical and the abracadabra, of which Latin is the relic. But the drug interests generally will say, it is impossible. Is it? Just remember nonsense,
205

OLD

AGE

".1

T S

CAUSE

the great opposition of interested parties to the pure food law, and in spite of that opposition it passed and the prompt stopping of the manufacture foods resulted. and sale of harmful The conditions are not dissimilar. After a long personal experience with harmful medicines administe to me under cover of the Dog Latin a prescriptions, and general feeling of being "mad I think of my exall over" whenever perienc I am that what I suggest not so sure is impossible. There are vast numbers of people who feel just as I do about this matter, and such a bill,if presented to Congress, would have an immense support. To many drugthis criticism upon mistaken dosing methods to be uncalled for, seem may
yet

there

are

very

practitioners

who

thousands of such still drench and dope their


many

usually patients with pills,potions and nostrums infrequently ous. very dangerutterly false, and not They retain the antiquated practices from boyhood, my and which I suffered throughout heed they will not progress or take of the plain, by methods effective and easily comprehended Nor can cures. they realize that which Nature the growing tendency of successful practitioners is healing to reduce now the use art of the of drugs to a therefor minimum, substituting by so common-sense, rational methods, and To those nondoing giving Nature a chance. progressives only this diatribe is directed.
206

AND
As
years

PREVENTION

drugless practice in the roll on curative art will increase, and ultimately the by which I have regained my simple methods health and physical more youth will become popular with the thinking members of the profession, instead of that day comes, and when isolated case to physical one my of a return youth in advanced years, there will be thousands As for the thinking, up-to-date of such cases. family physician, the man fly to whom we in our physical distress, a good idea would be to do as they are reported to regulate that matter in China. Pay long he keeps him as as veto his bills when you healthy, but promptly
you

get sick.

increase the would number of capable members of the profession. Anyhow it would certainly eliminate from it a lot of cases of unconscious cerebration who are simply obstacles to health and longevity. In taking up the study of drugless methods of obtaining health and deferring old age, you great difficulty in finding rewill experience liable The list text books the subject. upon respects, given I have found to be valuable in many but the great defect in all of them is to be attached seems that so littleimportance to physical that is, neglect culture methods; to emphasize the great benefits to be derived from general and systematic muscular activity. To help remedy that deficiency, I will add to

think

that

system

ieo7

OLD

AGE

"

ITS

CAUSE

the list of valuable books which I have mentioned, "Bernarr Macfadden's Encyclopedia of Physical Culture." This is a library by itself. It consists of five large and profusely-illustrated It is a remarkable valuab volumes. collection of ininformation fasting, diet, exupon ercise health and general proven methods of without drugs. It should be in the library of every progressive, thinking physician, and my
.

or woman advice to every man who needs such health advisor is to get that Encyclopedia. a In its pages will be found the answer to many

upon regarding special matters which desire information, but which as I only you may own write of my experiences in getting young fore, Thereagain, I might not be able to give you. I refer you It is to that Encyclopedia. published by the Physical Culture Publishing Company, and all details regarding it will be found in the advertising columns of the Physical Culture Magazine, Flatiron Building, New York.

questions

The

Subconscious
the Body,

Mind,

Its Influence Upon

Christian and Why Science Cures

may question arise, why should a be introduced in a psychological subject is that the work of this kind? My answer subconscious mind appears to be the immediate, directing power not alone of the mechanism of human body but the of the structure of all lowest is It form the organisms. animal of force directly which mind or will power and the life; i. e., the millions of living controls cellular in the aggregate form our bodies. cells which These cells have an instinct to cling together in certain forms, and whether those forms are in the shape of the human body or other forms of animal life,the cellular structure of which to be under the conseems they are composed trol or regulated by a low order of will force which, for brevity, I will term the subconscious In some mind. of its manifestations it might be termed the instinctive mind, for it would to be a part of the instinct to live, the same seem instinct or lower will, which directs repairs in bodily injuries. Each cell is a life by itself,
209

THE

OLD

AGE

"

ITS

CAUSE

and as life is but will-power, the aggregation by that of these millions of cells,all animated principle, as a whole must constitute the subconsciou When this lower mind or willmind. power die and the those cells you abandons longer held together by no cellular structure, this controlling force, disintegrates. Above this subconscious mind there is another and superior the conscious termed will or directing power i. e., the thinking mind, the attribute mind; beings. This is the reasoning alone of human power ganism and therefore does not exist in any orlower than man. This higher mind to a
,

controls the lower or considerable extent unconscious mind and that in turn influences the mechanism of the body, hence, the power the physical structure, will upon of the human influencing it for good or evil, as it is directed.. The thinketh, so is old proverb, "As a man he," is a concise and truthful statement of the If the theories presented are correct, matter. then the reasons why and how Christian Science be clearer and why the knowledge cures may of in law factor is a the prothis psychological longatio life. It will also explain of human the necessity of will concentration in the muscletension exercises I have devised and described in this book, for by that concentration of the higher will-power, upon exset of muscles any ercised a current of the vital principle is there The directed, hence, improvement and growth.
very
210

AND

PREVENTION

is that, proof of the truth of this statement years of continuous after twenty experimenting in this direction, I find that with will concentration when exercising, improvement of the in size, strength and elasticity is sure muscles centrati and very often rapid, while if there is no con-

the results are not satisfactory. If there is a determination to succeed and persistence scribed dein practicing the simple methods success will be yours as it-has been in my case of thousands, of others and also in the cases I by which have this system, who adopted have regained my at seventyphysical youth
two.

I will go further than this. I am confident that the causation of the thousands of cures be explained effected by Christian Science can along the lines of the theories presented, cures in the face of scientific, and alleged made be that they not could scientific, opinions Science now explains, effected by such means. under the explain, the phenomena It was formerly known as term, auto-suggestion. has proved its faith-cure and under that name The king's touch cured eflSciency in all ages. diseases centuries ago, kindred scrofula and in better repute kings were than they when
or

tries to

are cures of miraculous Lady of Lourdes, and very to the credit of our other highly respected saints, probably of many faith or auto-suggestion if you will, being at the

are

now.

Thousands

811

OLD-AGE bottom

"

ITS

CAUSE

that faith relies of it all, and whether dead saint's the healing virtues of some upon bones, the laying on of hands, or what not, it is all under the same psychological law. The by cures the simple performed remarkable

curative science of thought down. The teachings cannot of are scientificschools were and still opposed to it, be effectually but it has come to stay, and cannot laughed down either by real or or pooh-poohed and practice alleged scientists. The knowledge healing is as old law of of this psychological as the pyramids, but it remained for Mrs. Mary it by appealing Eddy to popularize to the the instinct to nature, strongest instinct of our distress upon a higher worship and rely in our in all the religious sentiment power, which the destinies of this world. It ages has shaped strated inspiration and in linking a well demonwas an law to a religiou curative psychological Christian she has placed sentiment, basis and it surely Science upon an enduring Its tenets has come to stay. certainly stand for the moral betterment of mankind, and as years roll on will be a stillgreater factor than in relieving the world from the stiipid it is now medicine habit, and in that way, at least, will human life, assist in prolonging materially did. I am not a Christian which medicines never Scientist, at least from a religious standpoint, but i have investigated the phenomena quite methods
212

of this new be laughed

AND

PREVENTION had
numerous

satisfactory of the curative effects I have no desire thought method. of this new to steal any of Mrs, Eddy's thunder or in any Christian Science, for it has to attack way but I suggest that if a very best wishes; my of hygienic laws and an equally rational system ly of exercise for the body (naturalrational system I think my own were systeni is the best) made human life would a part of Christian Science, this upon stay and our surely be prolonged pleasant, as such a easier and more earth made healthier and us make of life would method therefore happier, better neighbors and better to this the implicit confidence friends. Added is a that there supreme well-demonstrated power which, if appealed to, can and will cure distress, either physical or mental, induces a
more

have and extensively demonstrations

mental placid state of mind, banishes the detriworry and therefore is a conditions of life. These strong factor in the prolongation for the introduction of this reasons are my psychological chapter in a work whose object human be prolonged how life can is to show be deferred. From vestig inmy and old age can it would seem of this phenomena first be that the fundamental conditions must implicit faith that there is a healing power, if properly invoked, can and will cure which alleviate the physical or mental troubles of the sufferer. Given this receptive and favorable
or

213

OLD

AGE

"

ITS

CAUSE

attitude, there must also be upon the part of the Christian patient, absolute confidence in some Science practitioner and the sine qua non upon be absolute the part of that practitioner must healing powers. confidence in his or her own Concentration of the higher or conscious minds tress parties, both willing that the disof the two shall be removed, evidently influences the lower subconscious mind of the patient and consequentl has often a most and extraordinary beneficial effect upon the disease. The theory I have advanced to be a reasonable seem would explanation of the process and the reason Auto-suggestion Christian Science cures.
why is the in

phenomena of the scientific explanation but is a good scientific term, question and just what auto-suggestion is ahd how it affects I have never seen the bodily structure clearly ing bewilderleast a mass of without explained, at

which are usually somewhat scientific terms difficult to make reader clear to the everyday I in such phraseology, therefore present my theories free froni all technical terms and as I happily Mrs. Eddy the phenomena. understand

avoided this difficulty by presenting the matter faith, without logical or scientific explanation, without question, being the foundation of it all. Her adaption of a known psychological law has found great favor under the title of Christian Science and the wonderful cures effected certainly it its is success, whether called evidence
Hi

AND

PREVENTION

auto-suggestion or Christian Science. The tenets thought are based on the teachings of this new for the betterment are of Christ. They kind of mana not and while I am reUsionist in any
.

Adverse

Criticisms
on

of the Author's Christian Science

ments State-

to a this chapter very submitting able surgeon and scientist, who usually looks before they are published, his over my essays my opinion so decidedly opposes views upon clude this subjectthat while I have decided to inthe essay in this book, I do so with a great deal of curiosity as to how its readers will is what the Doctor says: receive it. Here
"Dear Friend Bennett: "I tried to correct your article upon menthe subject tioned, but it is impossible from a scientifical,psychological and I advise you as standpoint. It is all wrong, a good friend to eliminate this chapter from your new book."

After

is not encouraging. Then I sent it to an often looks over editorial friend, who my writings. Here is what he says:

Now

that

"Dear "Your

Bennett:

for scientific,psychological effort is too much I turned it over to the scientific expert me, so rewho views for He is deal us. a matters such evidently good interested in your undoubtedly original presentation of has long a me the matter, sent and article, showing conclusivel are (tohis own satisfaction) why you all wrong is he But I that must say all right. and why after wrest216

OLD

AGE

"

ITS

CAUSE

ling with an avalanche of mystifying scientific terms, I feel as if I had "bats in my which he has fired at me, belfry" and I don't know any more about it than I did before he explained the matter. I will keep your article for a few days to further investigate, and if any of the scientificauthorities I have in mind endorse your views to be original and 'good we will use it. The idea seems stuff,'whether you are right or not. If we use it you will be scalded alive by the Christian Science publications, and then I can hereafter address you as my 'steamed friend.'
"

cheerful situation, but I will publish the chapter nevertheless, as I would like to know else thinks of such an what somebody in question. of the phenomena explanation Now
this is
a

The

Duration

of Human

Life

IN

in the United States the this century life of man is 40.85. This figure is average arrived at by taking the expectation of Ufe

at the age person of the average normal of This data has been kindly furnished me 22. by the West Coast Life Insurance Company of San Francisco, and being from that source it, is undoubtedly But the extreme correct. body may the human age to which attain,- or quent Frehas attained, is an unsettled question.

passing the in appear many years century mark question, usually accepted without print and are but when the statistics of the insurance are companies consulted upon this point a very ance insuri. e., no significant fact is discovered; has ever the company paid a loss upon being who had lived to the age "lifeof a human it is considered how long When of 100 years. has existed, and the system of life insurance data collected the accurate taking into account by these companies, the investigator becomes doubtful even of centenarian records, and
accounts

of men by very

and

women

of the two skeptical as to the cases still more Englishmen have the credit of having who
'

218

OLDAGE
attained Jenkins,
169,

"

ITS

CAUSE
Henry
age

greatest ages recorded, reputed to have died at the

the

of

Thomas Parr ("oldParr"),152 years. interested to the extent of hunting To any one data I may these cases, up and regarding a number of others of lesser celebrity, add I refer them to the valuable work of W. J, Thoms, of Man," pub-entitled "Longevity in 1873 Murray. by John lished in London The numerous statistics there presented bear invesevidence of long, careful and impartial tigation
and of a great many records. It contains verification of a very few instances of human have lived a few years past 100, beings who but the Bat contradiction of numerous claims to much greater longevity. ing The difficulty of either proving or disprovthe date of a centenarian's birth is very Naturally the questipn at once great. arises. The is the evidence.'' What requisite would 1st, baptismal follows: to be about as seem inscriptions; 3d, certificates; 2d, tombstone the number of the centenarian's descenda,nts;
4th, the recollections of the centenarians, and 5th, the evidence of old people stillhving who him or her when were knew they themselves is The certificate of baptism quite young.

best evidence generally considered to be the dispute, but this is almost always and beyond indifficult of verification. Every dividu or wanting has who could have borne testimony
219

OLD

AGE
away,

"

ITS

CAUSE
is left but
to

passed to his

and

nothing

trust

or-

her

statements,

evidence, circumstantial hearsay. In another old book published in England Age in the World," in 1865, entitled "Man's Essex rector, the following records are by an 152; Thomas Parr, A. D. 1635, age given: Mary Jenkins, A. D. 1670, aged 169; Henry tess Billinge, A. D. 1863, aged 112, and the CounI will take the 140 years. of Desmond, Billinge first, reported to have case of Mary reached the age of 112, quoting from a most in thorough search published and exhaustive demonstrated It was Times, 1865. the London born November beyond question that she was but 91 years 6, 1772, and died in 1863, so was of Thomas old at her death. And in the cases Jenkins, after long and careParr and Henry ful both in is cases that search, the verdict there is also an of evidence. The uncertainty Jenkins, of Henry is made that statement in born laborer, was EUerton-upon-Swale, a The 9, 1670. mass 1501 and died September down it of data is too long to print, but boiled better evito this: It rests upon no amounts dence own than statements, and I ^Jenkins's regret to say that is a rule which tains usua,lly obinstances in the majorityof these reported longevity. of.extreme Parr, known In the case all over of Thomas
22u

with secondary and this is usually and

AND

PREVENTION

"old. Parr," he was England as reported to in the parish have been born at .Winnington England, and died November of Aldersbury, 16, 1635, or having, if this record is correct, Now did he attained the age of 152 years. facts appear The actually live to this age? to show that it is largely hearsay based upon his own statements, verified and there is no data to substantiate this. be said of the Countess The same may of Desmond, reputed to have reached the age of The author of "Longevity 140 years. of Man,"
unable to verify that after careful research, was record, but did find the date of her death to be A. D. 1604, and her probable age to be 100
years.

In the course I find the


very
upon

this ject subreadings upon of my following in the writings of a distinguished investigator and authority land. Sir George Lewes, of Engthis, subject. "Limiting his statement: ourI quote selves
to

no since the Christian era, person of royal or noble rank whose birth was reached recorded at the time of the occurrence that not aware the age of 100 years, and I am books baronetage the modern peerage and

the time

authentic resting upon such case contain any tion This does not prove that the duraevidence." favored class of Hfe in this apparently As On the contrary. is below the average. an of the Statistical evidence, the Journal
221

OLD Society
1863,

AGE of London,
49
to

"

ITS

CAUSE
the date of March, long article the families

under
71,

a pubUshed on the rate of mortality among during the nineteenth of the English peerage This data showed century. conclusively that duration of life among mean the average that than class is throughout greater materially Now, that of the general English population.

pages

even

not

100
one

prewith the advantage of enviroijment sumably favorable to the prolongation of life, any member of the nobility had reached there is only years, and in the baronetage
case.

Catherine, daughter of Sir John Eden, Bart., born February 19, 1872; 10, 1771, died March This is the therefore she had lived 101 years. only certain case in that class of favored English life reaching mark. and passing the century Referring again to the records of English life the greatest assurance, the policies paid upon pany, ComThe Pelican Life Assurance are: ages Exchange, one case one at at 97; Royal Equitable, one 97; one the Amicable, at 97; Rock, Albion, one one at 94; at 95; at 95; Atlas, Union, one Imperial, one at 94; at 94;
one

at

92;

Law,
one

one

at

92;

Sun,

one
no

at

92;

and
at

London,
policy
years.

at

90.

But

there is paid. upon the


no

of any
100

having

been

record life any


care-

And

I find after going over 1670 to 1857 that from


222

fully solitary in-

data

AND
stance

PREVENTION

97

has occurred of a person sured had inwho his Hfe attaining a greater than age Another develyears. significant fact is oped
that
most

of reputed centenarian tution are some charitable instior not people of another race, readily located, and lacking authentic credentials of their great age. These are a few of the stumbling, blocks which the investigator in this field, endeavoring to prove beings that human live beyond hundred a can years, encounters. The question is one interest to all, but when of the mass of data which the writer has looked is summarized, this up for the past five years body does not retain is the result: The human 100 the vital principle beyond years, except in the very rarest cases, and then but for one limit. I wish to believe or two years past the century has lived to 152 and 169 years, that man as claimed by various writers who cite the cases Jenkins,. but all data Parr and Henry of Thomas collected flatly contradicts those statements. Believers in the literal truth of the Bible selah, will probably instance the records of MethuIsaac Abraham, 175, and 969 years; in Biblical times lived 180, as proving that man This is doubtful. to a much greater age than now. Jesus, the son of Sirach, said, "The number days are hundred an at the most of a man's believed was years," giving evidence of what life in his day. And to be the limit of human
223

of the inmates of

cases

OLD

AGE

"

ITS

CAUSE

in the words of the Psalmist, "The days of our three score age are years and ten, and though be so strong that they come men to four score years, yet is their strength then but labor and sorrow so soon passeth it away and we are gone." Here we have unmistakable to as testimony tion durathen believed to be the average what was life, and what true to was as of human days upon the number the earth when of our those words were written the centuries which have While since eslapsed have not changed. ance the general average of life,according to insurable tables, has been prolonged under favorthree score years circumstances, and ten is stillthe average, and 100 years the extreme
age

lived to the age that Methuselah pothesi is explainable only by the hyof 969 years time that the method of reckoning as that of all primitive peothe same then was ple justas our Indians who reckon by moons, Methuselah's this system age still do. Under be lunar months to moons or would reduced
80 years, or say about of 969, one-twelfth which is probably correct, the conditions of life in those days not being conducive to great age. The next stage in the marking progressive most of time was probably the discovery of the in spring and day autumn, when equinoxes length. This and night are exactly of the same being correct would give five months assumption
224

of man. The claim

AND

PREVENTION

this basis of a of thirty days each, and upon 175 years would year of 150 days, Abraham's be cut down to 72, and Isaac's 180 to 74. In
this way alone could these extraordinary age^ be explained. No organic or structural change has taken place in the human body, as shown in mummies and other anatomical relics of
past

for the account centuries, which would difference in the duration of human enormous life claimed in Biblical times and as it now
exists, and

certainly the dietary and sanitary knowledge greater conditions, as well as our of hygienic laws, have made for the possibilities life much more the prolongation of human favorable in this age than they were when those Biblical characters lived. The question naturally rises, is it possible to generally prolong the life of man; that is,
to add

be of physical deterioration can or prevented this would seem possible. removed First, I will again present the cause of physical age as outlined in the opening chapters of this It is simply the clogging up of the arbook. teries the venous system, and their capillaries worn-out matter; cells and calcareous with i. e.; the debris and ash resultant of the process of tubing, which is really of life. If this system the plumbing of the body, can be kept free from that body will remain young, clogging matter,
cause 225

of If the

or even a greater one-quarter percentage limitations.'' to its present apparent years

OLD
even and physical

AGE
after

"

ITS

CAUSE

has appeared, age physical is possible even at three rejuvenation score in my years and ten, as demonstrated "For a man is surely as old own person. only his as arteries," and my arteries and tissues
are now

young.

tubes of a boiler become clogged up by deposits of 'calcareous arid incapacitated do the arteries and veins of the so matter, Free them body. from those clogging human deposits and it is possible to prolong life past to be its we now that period which assume limitation. A correct tive system of diet will aid the digeshabits in all directions organs, and temperate to health are conducive and longevity, but stillif there is a lack of general muscular are activity by which the ashes of the system be materially expelled from the body, lifecannot
the

As

prolonged. The systematic alternate contraction and relaxati described length at of the muscles, as forces out this clogin this book, mechanically ging into for its the avenues matter elimination, from which it is expelled from the body by the of excretion, and in no other natural processes This is not a can this be accomplished. way strated matter of theory without proof, as I have demonits truth by actual practice and success in the body long before of my own rejuvenation I had learned the reason But this system why.
226

AND

PREVENTION

of expelling the clogging debris or ashes must be you clean general and complete, for as well may one part of a watch, leaving the rest dirty, that it will keep good time and then expect under those conditions, as to cleanse one-half of leaving the others equally the muscular system, important For that reason this clogged up. method of exercising is designed for the purpose, large muscle of the and does exercise every into body, and indirectly bringing all organs insuring the greatest riches activity, thereby the world can offer ^health. By the lines as persistent practice upon described I have my physical accomplished
"

and ten, and I confidently by it, if no accident shall occur, to verify the truth of the statement of expect Jesus, the son of Sirach, "The number of a man's And hundred days are an years." at most
at rejuvenation

threescore

years

be an occult law preventing such life. There human extraordinary longevity of is no authentic record that it has ever occurred, In the it be. can that and it does not seem economy of the universe certain limitations of to be knowledge our and possibilitiesof lifeseem fixed, and beyond that limit we cannot pass. At least, my researches have led me to think so.
there
seems

why, if the process of repair and elimination can be kept upon an equilibrium, is it not possibleis wholly answer to live to double that age? My Because illogical explanation: without

and

to

227

Cross

Section

of

Skin,

Sliowing
Muscles

Hair-Shaft

and

Attached

223

The

Hair

understand the cause of the loss of hair to prevent that misfortune, it and how is necessary how the hair itself to know is formed, and how nourished, and the conditions favorable or unfavorable to its growth. Having learned this, the methods by which its loss can be arrested, and be vitality regained, may
readily comprehended practiced. Facing this page appears
more

TO

and
an

successfully

illustrationwhich transverse a shows section of the skin of the scalp. This is taken from a greatly enlarged photograph, showing very clearly how the hair shaft, with its minute muscles and capillaries, The illustration appears under the microscope. exhibits a single hair; it is a tube composed of the same element as the nails or the bones. The secretions by which all three are formed are the same, and they do not appear to decrease as age Therefore cause the immediate of advances. to be, and usually the loss of hair would seem is,local. Tight or heavy hats, dissipation, sexual
excesses,
are of the muscles which weakness hair, defective circulation, attached to each root of uncleanliness of the scalp, microbes or

OLD
germ

AGE

"

ITS

CAUSE

diseases in the scalp, and failure to reniove dead hairs which impede the growth of new baldness. ones; any of these may produce Remove follow the simple or the cause, causes; directions contained in this chapter; and wherelife remains in the follicles, ever hair roots, or hairs will sprout. But if lile new has departed from them no power on grow hair. earth can If the trouble is constitutional, or from any cause which tends to lessen the vital forces, practice the simple system of physical culture I have already described. The result will surely be an improvement in the general
physical improvement

and condition, in the health

proportiona

of the

hair. The

is generated in the hair coloring matter bulb, and from there forced up through the tubular hair shaft. The cretio chara,cter of the sedetermines the color of the hair. What

the chemical combinations which produce that but as years increase, color are, we do not know; in the a there is evidently change chemical loss of the coloring a causes secretions, which My own matter. experience, and the result of sixteen years' research in this direction is, that it is not possible to restore the color when it has once departed, all of the preparations vertise adfor that purpose, with the thousands of infallibility, to to their testimonials the contrary. I will modify that statement: you can
230

AND
restore it with to be detected

PREVENTION

dyes, but the deception is sure later, and, added to sooner or this,the dye will injure the hair. The scalp is similar to the face or any other It is filledwith thousands of part of the body. little pores, which are constantly eliminating in the serefuse matter; addition to which baceou
glands throw off a certain amount of oil to This dirt the scalp. which" adheres and animal filth must be removed, or the pores will be a condition clogged which is very injurious. When by the hair is long, as usually worn women, the scalp should be thoroughly cleaned if of the ordinary or, at least twice a month; length worn by men, The at least twice a week. best soap for the purpose is that used by barbers for shaving, as it seems least injurious
"

the skin. Don't be afraid of water good soap. and Thousands lose their hair through neglecting it properly. to shampoo On the other hand, it is doubtful if any injurycan result by the ly opposite extreme, provided the hair is thoroughdried after the cleansing process. When dry, a few drops of olive oil will produce an attracti healthy The hot use gloss. of and and from one apcold water, alternating quickly plicati to the other, is of great value as a tonic for both hair and scalp, as it accelerates the circulation of the blood in the parts so

to

treated.
iSl

OLD

AGE

"

ITS

CAUSE

Haye the temperature of the heated water as hot as you can bear it, and the other as cold as possible without using ice; hot and cold wet cloths applied alternately is a convenient substitute, if you cannot douse your head with the itself. The change from hot to cold should water be made at least five or six times at each treatment, but double that number will be beneficial do no harm. If life still and can remains in the roots of the hair a healthy growth will usually is far tonic effect of this process result. The "hair inmore eflScacious than any medicinal

vigorator".yet invented. If the scalp is itchy, and there is a suspicion it, or that microbes germs of disease exist on To one dampen it with a carbolic acid wash. a pint of water of add sufficient quantity the skin is when carbolic acid to produce, moistened with the lotion, a very slight sensation heat. This treatment will, of tingling, or daily three applications, require about with It will surely destroy any germs of weeks. be affected. disease with which the scalp may It is an excellent tonic as well as an infallible in the proportions clean germicide, harmless, and advised, and superior to any advertised hair tonic or germicide which you expensive the itching has ceased, may purchase, but when
stop.

the hair is falling out many people are afraid to brush or wash it,fearing a stillgreater When
232

AND

PREVENTION

loss, and thinking to retain the dead hairs in the scalp. This is a serious mistake, as those dead hair roots, like any other decaying dead matter, to the healthy roots near are them, and injurious if allowed to remain increase the trouble. They cayed reason that deshould be removed for the same fruit is removed from its healthy neighbors. is a menace Dead and decaying matter to the life of a hair, justas, upon a larger scale, dead matter a conditions are and unsanitary being. In addition to the lifeof a human menace to these injurious effects of the dead roots, they hairs which would impede the growth of new but spring up in the place of the dead ones, do so while the dead roots remain. which cannot Remove as the dead hairs as soon possible, and healthy hairs will replace them, springing other follicle, from the same or root sheath. The process is simple: As I lie in bed I grasp my hair with my fingers,

the position of my pulling gently, and changing hands until every- part of the scalp has been by I alternate this pulling process treated. the scalp with the tips of the fingers, massaging a perceptible glow, and has a which produces culatio general tonic effect, as it stimulates the cirand evidently determines the elements By this hairwhich feed the hair to the roots. hghtly raised, from pulling process the scalp is the skull. The microscopic muscles and glands the general law thus exercised, and obeying
233

OLD

AGE

"

ITS

CAUSE

in size, strength of exercise, increase and elasticity, justas the larger muscles of the body benefited by systematic exercise. are hat as much Go without your as possible. The practice is now able popular, being a fashionlonger specially' noticeable. fad, and no The sun has a very invigorating effect upon the hair. Baldness, among the races that do not hats, is almost unknown;" but among wear the farmers in southern Germany, or peasants who ness, baldhats day op wear their caps and night, is the rule rather without regard to age, I have lived in an Indian than the exception. having country of ever and I do not remember That is a hint bald-headed Indian. a seen from Nature. Many people are afraid to use soap and water their hair, and quote upon self-constituted that their authorities in support of the statement be bad fo** Why is injurious. use should water the hair of the head but good for the hair of Such a contention is the beard or moustache? not logical, for the hair on the head and the hair on the face are identically the same; and it is for a man's certainly a most unusual occurrence local germ beard to fallout unless caused by some disease. That the beard is luxuriant in some individuals, while the scalp is devoid of hair, is for by the fact that such men to be accounted their faces and beard daily, and, in the wash

drying

process

pull

and
234

exercise

the

roots;

A N

PREVENTION

after which they brush it to keep it arranged. In this way they remove the dead hairs. As the skin is kept clean, by the face-washing process, the conditions are favorable to the preservation that part of the head, of the hair upon be bald. even though the scalp may Another belief is that when druff danmistaken fallsfrom the scalp it indicates a diseased is merely the exfoliation Dandruff condition. of the scarf, or .outer skin, with the dried oil thrown matter off by the glands. and waste described will The practice of the methods
certainly relieve the trouble. One the against washing of the arguments increases dandruff. The hair is that it causes or fact is, the dandruff was there before the scalp was and the cleansing process merely washed, dislodged it, so that its presence was more
apparent.

Perspiration has a very injurious effect upon the hair. Athletes, especially, are sufferers from in from long runs it, as they usually come or the perspiration active exercise with other dripping from their every pore, the hair being While particular as wet as the rest of the body. efforts are made to bathe and cleanse every other part of their bodies, the scalp is neglected, the being allowed to remain poisonous dead matter It is this it was eliminated. and dry where those neglect which is often noticeable among

whose

excellent physical
235

condition, due

to

OLD

AGE

"

ITS

CAUSE

to be a guarantee athletic training, would seem that the poor condition of their hair is not due to constitutional weakness. Use daily a stiffbrush; press the bristleswell in; rub back and forth, and from side to side, thus loosening the dead skin, dried oil, etc., before trying to brush them off the head in the usual way. Have the hair trimmed often; the ends may split if this is neglected. Don't singe it. I do but believe the practice to be injurious, not it is simply a process, useless and expensive can "be better accomplished with the which I have described are all shears. The methods logical; they are certainly inexpensive and easily performed, and I know from personal experience they are effective. Practice them as I have done and you need not fear the loss of your hair.

The

Reduction

of

an

Obese

Abdomen

has been termed the packing of the body; and, while it is necessary to have to fillup the sufficient of that packing interstices of the muscles, thus presenting the roundness of the body istic and limbs characterhealth is of and youth, an excess undesirable frequently becomes a very and serious affliction. Where is "take on fat" it to a tendency there is usually deposited in greater quantities upon

FAT

the abdomen than upon any other part of the body, for the reason that the fat, being inert tissue, naturally gravitates to the point of least activity. The legs, arms stantly and back being conexercised in the ordinary habits of life, do not offer such a favorable resting place for fat as the abdomen, upon which the deposit in persons will first appear; consequently, of sedentary habits, we frequently find attenuated

limbs in marked contrast to an obese abdomen. To this unsatisfactory condition, remedy of diet are practiced. Of these various methods the well-known systems of Banting and Schwenare the best. They published ninger are probably interested can in book form, and anyone book In many them stores. at most

obtain

237

OLD
cases

AGE

"

ITS

CAUSE
*

the practice of these methods of corpulence to persistently, will of diet, if adhered finally effect the desired result; but the danger in in them is that the reduction of the system a weakened condition general often produces to this, the affects the heart. Added which is reduction of the fatty tissue, being general, not especially directed to any particular part entailed in of the body, and the discomfort does not invite its the practice of the systems Furthermore; they involve universal adoption. deal of self-denial. a great I practice My experience is that the method is more and describe, in the following pages, and without danger. effective, less troublesome, It is not definitely known what fat really is, diet, A is its cause. or carbohydrate what that is, such as contains starch or sugar in some form, usually produces the trouble; but, when to form has a well-defined tendency the system

fat in excess of condition, a course of its normal dieting and attendant not ways alself-denial may frequently hear corWe be successful. pulent they that "everything people complain often eat turns to fat," which in a great measure Fat would seem to be unto be true. develop appears in the ordinary proctissue, formed ess upon assimilation, but of digestion and is arrested in its further reaching a certain stage living development, and, instead of becoming cellular tissue, changes to this inert substance
238

AND known to fat. When,

PREVENTION

as tissue, or physiology adipose from some cause, an unknown normal abtendency has developed, causing an over supply of this form of tissue, it is doubtful if lies alone in diet. the remedy Muscular activity and agitation at the point rect, dithe most of excessive deposit is probably surest, easiest and safest method of its This activity has the same elimination. effect deposits it has as upon worn-out upon such I have extissue, which and clogging dead plaine be forced from the point of lodgment can by the alternate contraction and relaxation In by the the exof muscles. short, ercise have I practice described, fatty and tissue, when thus dislodged, is carried off by the

ordinary process of excretion; ence experiand my has been that, under no circumstances is it into muscular it possible to convert tissue. is evidently Obesity by local in^ caused the only that being the case, activity, and

logical and successful remedy to seem would be muscular the activity or agitation, where is highly fatty deposit is situated. Walking beneficial; and is undoubtedly recommended but it is only an indirect means of attacking legs the trouble, the motion of the not especially bringing into action the muscles of the abdomen, fore, which are covered by the fatty deposit. Theredirect means more some of forcing into activity, and thereby dislodging this accumu-

OLD

AGE

"

ITS

CAUSE

lation of inert adipose tissue, would be more effective.It is a logical deduction that, if the fat is accumulated by reason of sluggish surroundings, then any method which changes that condition the trouble. of activity, will remedy The method I have found most effectual is massage while the abdominal muscles are tensed. The process will be more readily comprehended by full instructions which follow. Fat is really carbon and the phenomena of the cause spontaneous combustion of many fires familiar illustration a mysterious of the ^is by which fat is consumed in the system method friction of or exercise of the muscles and why it. When the fatty deposit will remove the muscles are exercised, that is, alternately contracted or vigorously rubbed, there and relaxed, is an increased flow of blood to that point, and as therefore an increase of oxygen, the red corpuscles of which the blood is composed consist in contact with largely of oxygen; these, coming the carbon or fatty deposit, burn it up. This is
one
"
"

to

explanation of the phenomena. simple in their pumping action of the muscles alternate contraction and relaxation expels the ashes,' or debris resulting from this combustion, into the venous and glandulous system and it is then carried off by the ordinary excretions of for fat is muscular the body. Briefly the remedy activity, and the exercises described are a safe, for it. easy and effectual cure
240

the The

Exercises

for the

Reduction

of

an

Obese

Abdomen
the muscles of the abdomen; place it; press the palms of the hands upon down firmly, and rub the accumulation of fat back and forth, not permitting the hands to slip. Otherwise the skin only will be rubbed, and no benefit results. by striking the abdomen Vary this process fists, alternately clenched rapidly with your muscles. contracting and relaxing the abdominal is The act of contracting easily accomplished head. by raising the These exercises are a very effective method deposit, and if of attacking the

TENSE

objectionable

systematically and persistently practiced, will certainly achieve satisfactory results. Both of be performed these exercises can most easily in in bed. a recumbent position and effectively Why this under adipose tissue disappears is explained in the preceding chapter treatment Obese Reduction domen." Abof an entitled, "The

241

The

Flabby

Cheeks

of

Old

Age

242

The

Rejuvenationof

the Face,

Throat

and

Neck
exercises I have described, if persistently and methodically practiced, will surely restore to an aged body much of the lost strength and elasticity of an earlier to period of life; for it is possible in this way to the muscles restore of age the rounded have once But they may contour possessed. if the muscles, especially of the face and neck, are neglected, they will present the relaxed and flabby condition characteristic of old age, even though the rest of the body has been developed face and to the strength athlete. The of an the neck, even while one is in vigorous training, may and deterioration of years, show the wear to the apparently in marked more contrast youthful body. ^ to exercise those It is therefore necessary muscles justas you have exercised the muscles of the body, and they will surely grow in size, The trained. elasticity if so and strength be hollow places in the neck and cheeks can filled up, the muscles which surround the eyes be increased in plumpness, can and, with a describe, that smoothness I will now treatment

THE

us

OLD

AGE

"

ITS

CAUSE

to a very of skin characteristic of youth may, considerable extent, be regained. And this much-to-be-desired condition can be without cost and without the apaccompHshed pHcation of any "skin foods" or other nonsensical process of preparations of the kind. The form the digestion and assimilation alone can built; bodies are our cellular tissue of which and the lanoline, lard, paraflfine,etc., which are usually the basis of these so-called "skin foods"
are

on the skin and are not simply smeared can nor absorbed to any appreciable extent; into cellular tissue by any they be converted The skin and muscles, absolutel amount of rubbing. be "fed" in that way or cannot with in the appearanc such material, and any improvement to result from of the skin which seems is due solely to the friction required their use, If a face in applying the supposed nutriment. is desired, use pure olive oil, or any ointment they will soften the outer good face cream; off, skin, are cleanly, and, after being rubbed

will leave it clear and soft. The true secret of restoring to the skin the of youth is friction. The skin can be smoothness out like any and the wrinkles rubbed

polished of the other piece of leather, and the palms hands and the tips of the fingers are the very This polishbest tools to use for that purpose. ing, done best be process can wrinkle-removing in bed, as in that lie comfortably while you
244

AND

PREVENTION

position it is easier, less fatiguing and you can lying get at the wrinkles more readily when down than when standing. either sitting or But before commencing this system of facial it be well to disabuse yourself rejuvenation might "build up" the of the idea that you can
muscles of the cheeks, chin, neck and throat or "rub living tissue by attempting to to form in" skin foods. This has been the unquestioning in all ages; belief and practice of womankind
at

being excommunicated) I will add, at all ages. Of course, statement my that it is impossible will be regarded as rank heresy by every woman who reads this chapter. But you of method consider Nature's when fallacy building the human the structure, of Every be part evident. such a proposition must tesimal of millions of infiniof the body is composed These living cells (or cellular tissue). functions and cells are the result of the digestive is only carried on in the stomach as this process into being come and digestive tract, they cannot by any other method, and the idea that the be nourished or built cheeks, throat or neck can into the to run up by rubbing in, or attempting lanohne, paraffine, lard or any skin and muscles the basis of the greasy ingredients which are is as logical as the "hair seed" of "skin foods" At what stage in digestion food is industry. But we into life we do not know. transformed do know that living tissue can only be formed

(and

the

risk of

245

OLD
by the
"

AGE

"

ITS

CAUSE

digestive process, hence the folly of for that purpose applying skin food preparations it is an absurdity. As an spirat the title is an inadvertising scheme but the light of scientific under possibl reasoning it is awful nonsense, and it is imbuild up any part of the that you can human by such means. structure I realize that this If the reader is a woman a feminine custom, attack upon which is as old the sphinx, will receive a welcome about as the drug business; cordial as my opinion upon but I sincerely regret to say that I am right. "skin foods" into the skin it is If by rubbing up one's possible to plump cheeks, throat and chin, and in that way generally fix up and make one's selfbeautiful, a kind of physical millennium for all of the skinny people would would ensue, become It is too bad soon attractively plump. that it don't work, and I am just as sorry as it does not can Why be readily ascerare. you tained by reading up on in the subject any Of course, upon physiology. work standard I say is rank heresy, and I ought to be what for telling you this either fried or scrambled truth, because pretty unpleasant much all ladies have invested in that kind of of you But it is the unvarnished truth. merchandise. I found it out long ago by pottering over works upon physiology, and if there is any
as

to my

statement

I will appeal the

objection
to those

case

AND

PREVENTION

I rubbed authorities. But you will say "when face, cheeks and throat it my skin foods upon did improve their appearance,; my skin was fresher and smoother, and I looked younger." did Certainly you reason just for the same I advise will that the simple friction methods improve your facial appearance, and if you keep the practice it will "stay put" up and not "wash will rain or fogs spoil oflf." Neither a complexion obtained in that way. "rubbed The reason skin foods thoroughly look to the skin and in" give that fresh, smooth less under that process the' wrinkles grow why is the result of what is termed in slang "elbow that is,persistent friction of the skin, grease"; hands and plenty of it, using the palms of the In that way you will and tips of the fingers. facial appearance. your surely improve If after this explanation you stillthink the benefit lies solely in the "skin foods" which bought or you have made and' are endeavoring to "rub in," by all means continue to use them. is similar The direct benefit of the preparation to that derived from the use of axle grease or it prevents pil in the operation of machinery "skin foods," chafing. Therefore, continue u"ing if you please; they are just as good for that as the very much cheaper articles I purpose benefits of such better. The but no suggest, lie only in their efiiciency greasy preparations i. e.,.in preventing lubricants; the skin as
" "

247,

OLD

AGE

"

ITS

CAUSE

from becoming chafed, in the rubbing process. If they are simply applied to the face or throat friction no beneficial results will be without obtained other than that the grease, etc., will fill up the minute lines and temporarily smooth the surface, but when this coating is washed its former condition oflF the skin will resume This in a way is but a repeand appearances. tition in the chapter of the matter presented the skin. But it will bear repeating. upon The to the friction usual objectionmade loosen process I advise is that the skin might and the pores might become enlarged. If you that is very possible. go at it too vigorously But if care is taken it will not happen and if did, it even as soon as the minute muscles
and structure of the skin tone iip under the that condition will speedstimulating treatment ily disappear and improvement will surely result. In commencing the friction treatment and to keep the skin in place while you rub, stretch the skin with the first and second fingers of hand and rub with the other, or the palm one The points which will probably of the hand. need first attention will be the corners of the forward temples and immediately eyes, mouth, To prevent chafing, some lubricant of the ears. be applied at the points you are must, of course, "skin food," if you rubbing please, but any face cream smooth will be just as effective. Don't go at this method of facial
"

rejuvenation

248

AND
too energetically.

PREVENTION If you

do you will get sore and discouraged. The same rule applies to massaging the face and throat as to any other system ercise of exGo slow. Stick to it and you will succeed. Before telling you how to develop the muscles the the cheeks and round out support which chin, jaws and throat, I will give you a "wrinkle" in removing wrinkles, which I think you will find very satisfiactory,also very cheap. I have forgotten from whom I stole the idea, but as I have never it in any modern beauty book seen to claim it, I will transfer one seems and no the credit of its discovery to the first female The States. use president of the United of an astringent for toning up or shrinking up the loose skin of age, and in that way removing wrinkles, is a custom also dear to the feminine heart, but the after results are unpleasan often an is a far better and There roughness. more and it should be practiced simple way, To understand the after the friction process. and the how, I will ask you to remember why boil "grandmother's a of "bringing method" She simply pasted the skin of an to a head." the boil. Inside of a quarter egg evenly all over to "draw" ; of an hour that egg skin commenced that is, to shrink up and as it contracted the thie a pressure towards steady, even result was If you have had that experience you will center. know what I mean without further explanation; when I say that the also you will agree with me
249

OLD

AGE

"

ITS

CAUSE

the skin only a short time, as it may the skin to shrivel. Then rinse otherwise cause it off with pure, warm solve It will readily diswater. and you will be surprised at the smoothness of your skin. If it shines or stings from the contracting process, apply a few drops of face cream, then rub clean, and if you desire, finish, a very littleface powder as a final beauty will correct that and give the final artistictouch. This method is good, cheap and effectual, but, as has been stated, should be used with caution. remain
on 2S0

only place where the process could be endured was some upon with equanimity other fellow. The astringent or shrinking process I will describe is upon the same principle. The skin is as the white, nature of an egg of the same the only material difference being that the latter is liquid and when it is dried it, too, becomes a kind of skin. In that drying process it shrinks just as the egg skin did when evenly all over, it was boil. the hot, throbbing pasted upon Apply that process to shrinking up the loose skin or wrinkles of the face, but use the white of the It egg, and the same results will be obtained. is a powerful mechanical Therefore, astringenL instead of the skin of the egg use the liquid white, as I have stated. This apply all over face, wherever the wrinkles appear, your using for convenience let it Then a shaving brush. dry and remain for five minutes, more less. or It is such a strong astringent that it should

Muscles

Surrounding

the

Eyes

.251

Muscles

of the Throat

"

^Relaxed

252

Developing

the Muscles

Covering

the Chin

and
The

Jaws
Chin

cushion of muscles, which covers and is in bone cases most rounds the chin involuntary; that is, without practice the muscles are not capable of motion at will. Stillthey can, to a limited extent, be contracted firmly set. This the teeth are when upward law as is under the same cushion of muscles those supporting the cheeks, and by vigorous massage with the palms of the hands" when thus contracted will soon respond, and if the ever dition round and full in youth that conchin was be regained to a very considerable may extent, and this result will be attained much more with the cheek rapidly than is the case Why this is so is not altogether clear muscles. but it is a fact that sluggish, involuntary to me, quickly to compulsory muscles do respond more activity ^that is, by firm, deep massage-^than to activity, those which have been accustomed by the direction of or either unconsciously is very justas improvement the will, probably more rapid in the first stages of training much for any athletic event than it is later on when the tissues have been "fined down,"
"

THE

253

OLD

AGE
instance

"

ITS
success

CAUSE
in developing

As

an

book,

the chin muscles illustration used

of my I again as the

calling attention there shown, and then ask comparison feature in the photograph same taken two years prior, or at the age of fifty. face anatomical 251 page plate upon the position and character you of muscles.
The
Jaws

refer to the portrait frontispiece of this to the full, round chin with the
twenty-r

The

full-

will show the chin

By view
page

plate, side reference to the anatomical face on muscles, of the and neck
252,

covered

upward they are is very largely dependent the shape upon of have the jaws, and if those covering muscles do in advanced as they usually shrunken, loose over them, the skin will hang years, giving the appearance of age. These jaw muscles be developed by deep readily respond and can This should be practiced along the massage. edge of the jaw bone, using the heel of the hand. This treatment up will speedily tone increase the size of these muscles, thus and
giving

will notice that the jaws are by broad, flat, muscular bands, commencing bqiie the jaw underneath and running bones, to the cheek toward which The attached. character of the face
you

and rounded to the lines of the


a

more

youthful

ance appear-

jaws.
9t5i

The

Muscles
creep
on

of the Cheeks

the cheeks sink in and hollows were once they appear where full and This is due to the plump. in shrinking of the supporting muscles, shown the illustration facing page 253. There are four on of these muscles each side of the face. As we grow older these muscles lose their strength

AS
""

years

the produces and elasticity, and this change loose jowl characteristic of age, or pendant just as their lessened size is the cause of the These hollows in the cheeks. are voluntary muscles and can be exercised at will, justas you can and legs exercise the muscles of the arms and just as exercise of any part of the body will improve Jt, so exercise of the muscles of the face will ha!^e the same system effect. A devised for that puror pose series of movements has often been described in various essays beautiful. the art of becoming and books upon is styled "facial gymnastics, The or method if It has some faces." merit, and making faithfully and persistently practiced might, to a considerable extent, build up and strengthen is that the muscles of the face. The objection fatiguing the exercises are very and require
255

OLD

AGE

"

ITS

CAUSE
can

is advanced lines. After expericause that they may new menting a long time with these exercises I have found this to be the case, not and they certainly do strengthen the cheek muscles. But is the most serious objectionis that progress too slow for the system to become ever very

long practice be obtained. The further

before

satisfactory results

sometimes objection

popular. A far better and quicker method is a massage system which I have devised and practice By are muscles while the cheek contracted. be obtained in a this satisfactory results can very short time, and with very littletrouble. First familiarize yourself with the position Referring to the anatomical of these cheek muscles. illustration on page 252, you will notice that there are eight long muscles, four on each to the cheek bones are attached side. They below immediately scendin the eyes, from there deto become cular attached to the wide musYou band can the mouthi surrounding these contract at muscles cheek will, this bunch on a the cheek bones action forming under the eyes. broad and strong muscle unAnother very derlies It, too, these cheek supporting muscles. is fastened to the cheek bones but, extending is attached downward, along the jaw bone. be termed the chewing This may muscle, and,
256

AND

PREVENTION

while it plays an important part in supporting determining their contour, the cheeks and it cannot be contracted or exercised at will, in the act of chewing. Its action is independ except of
muscles, cheek some contracted upward it. the

they are when is placed upon In youth are, or these muscles should be, the tissue and strong, elastic and supporting skin overlying them, giving to the cheeks the full, round appearance characteristic of that through years advance, period of life. As lose their lack of exercise they shrink and former size, strength^ and elasticity, justas any like conwill do under ditions. muscle of the body losing its The skin covering, then falls into the creases support, and lines we know as wrinkles. These are the certain indications of physical muscles age, as they tell the tale of the shrunken For these wrinkles, wasted underlying. be but one chin, and hollow cheeks there can cure, porting and that is the restoration to the supformer plumpness of their muscles is done If this not any efforts and strength. disfiguring lines the eradication of the toward to fill up the hollow cheeks will and attempts be futile, all alleged remedies in the way of "skin

although tension

foods,"

medical
a

preparations,

etc.,

to

the contrary. It is true that by

system
257

of dietj and espe-

OLD

AGE

"

ITS

CAUSE

crease incially by drinking copiously of milk, an be obtained. The of fatty tissues can face under this dietary regime will become more plump and the surface of the skin smoother, but if the underlying muscles are not developed a flabby look, the jowl the face will still present may sag and the appearance of a double chin be These facial indications of more pronounced. physical age are not especially the signs of advanced years, being principally due to lack of facial muscles. exercise of the supporting During the last five years, or since the publication first the art of physical essays upon of my I have been constantly and facial rejuvenation, in this direction, hoping to devise experimenting some simple, eflFective and inexpensive method desired result, to accomplish this very much could be practiced by one's self. and which It seemed to me evident that the secret lay in developing the supporting muscles by exercise. The facial gymnastics described did help, but, as too slow in results. stated, I found them much Facial massage as usually practiced is superficial. It certainly freshens up the skin, but it does not deyelop these deepand cannot Muscular activity, seated supporting muscles. directed by your own plish will, can alone accomthis. And that is a matter must which be performed by yourself. Here the pauper and No
the
one

millionaire can exercise

are

upon

an nor

equality.
can

for you,
258

any

AND
amount

PREVENTION

of rubbing by an attendant accomplish be obtained by the beneficial results which may your own efforts. The apparent explanation of the speedy enlargem if "deeply the of muscles massaged" to be, are they seem when contracted, would that the network of blood vessels and myriads

of capillaries which thread all structures of the body become distended by blood and lymph forced there when are the muscles contracted distension this accountand vigorously rubbed, ing increase for the rapid but at firsttemporary in size of the muscles so treated. The effect be termed healthy a as no may congestion, evil ever results; and by persistent practice becomes permanent, this temporary enlargement the cheeks then assuming and retaining the full, round appearance characteristic of youth. I do not claim that large muscles produced indicate great strength, but as by this method means a the cheeks, of speedily filUng up rounding out the chin and the muscles covering devised will the jaws, no yet other method to it in efficiency. at all compare There be another, or additional cause may crease for the sometimes and speedy inremarkable in the size of the muscles so treated; that is to say, independent duced of the effect proby distending the blood vessels through In the the forced increase of blood and lymph. the effect of the will in exerupon chapter
-

259

OLD

AGE

"

ITS

CAUSE

by cise several instances of effects obtained are concentration cited, these results mental being at variance with our general knowledge this train of of psychological laws. Following I suggest that it is very thought probable or the concentration of thought will in this
act

are enthe muscles you of contracting deavori deal to do has a good to develop in that direction. Without success with your further comment or speculations upon the scientific reasons the theory for the why, I present

consideration

of the reader.

260

The
Designed

Metal

Face

Mask
and

for Softening the Skin Complexion

Improving

tlie

the chapter of an old French pamphlet, beauty, relating to the celebrated French Ninon de L'Enclos, mention is made of a as a means metal face mask which she wore for the prevention for the of wrinkles and preservation of the smoothness of skin and brilUant complexion for which she was celebrated. The in to the pamphlet, referred brief sketch ol her personality, was silent as to how was this mask constructed, but I could how it was attached to the readily understand face and worn, also that such a device would be cleanly and durable, and that if it fitted the the even contour of the features accurately

IN

exclusion of air, and stimulation of the sweat glands would certainly have a very beneficial effect upon the skin and complexion. Sauval, simply described it Her maid, Jeanne It was d'or; i. e., a gold mask. un as masque if as necessary, evident that a perfect fit was bearing it would be painful an uneven there was when sleeping, as the maid and could not be worn of her mistress. stated was frequently the custom
pressure,
-261

Attachment

of

Face

Mask

262

Face

Mask

with

Electric

Battery

263

OLD Feeling had found

AGE

"

ITS

CAUSE

woman that the French assured I experimented the right method, termin that device, being denearly three years upon leafn how it was to constructed. The specialist and the two ladies who kindly assisted in these experiments tried every known less expensive variety of mask, hoping to find some substitute as efficacious as the French d'or. The beauty's masque requisites seemed follows: An even to be about as pressure all durable over the face, material and capable

injury, of being scalded and polished without thus assuring antiseptic conditions. The surface the skin should be hard, which rested upon smooth and firm. It should be light and strong These finally not too conditions expensive. and
found to success, to be necessary but a very difficultproblem to solve. flannel, kid, celluWe with loid, experimented lead ing tin, and rubber, findpapier mache, one them and all failures. The flannel and kept the face warm kid masks and simply
we

had any the skin nor effect neither whitened the wrinkles, the papier-mS,che upon and celluloid failure, flat lost a quickly shape, tin was mitting and rubber, while bleaching the face and adto some the use extent, of face cream It also soon had no effect upon the wrinkles. became ill-smelling and impossible. In the case of one of the ladies, experimenting
with the rubber mask,
261
a

very

troublesome

AND

PREVENTION

rash appeared, of some causing apprehensions dangerous skin disease. But when a sHght accident prevented the fair investigator from wearing for a few nights the eruption the rubber mask Accepting Nature's hint, quickly disappeared. I discarded that form of mask and material. It was evident that the French beauty had the right idea in using gold or possibly a gilding the metal used in the construction of gold upon of her mask, but the expense of such a highIt seemed was priced material prohibitive. was not modeled upon evident that her mask her face, but most from a- plaster probably from it. We therefore had casts taken cast these upon of the ladies' faces, and made with various plaster faces we experimented These melted and. poured metals were metals. In we this way the plaster models. upon obtained in several facsimiles metal of the original too heavy cast, but all were and cumbersome,
or certainly could which the original masque not have been. Finally we hit upon the idea of precipitating the plaster copper in solution by electricity upon to faces, allowing the deposit to accumulate

ii^

about the thickness of pasteboard, the result being a light, strong copper mask, fitting the! features in every detail, the pressure being even felt by the discomfort was at all points, no nostrils and eyes left free of obstruction; but finding t^xalk the
wearers, as 265

the mouth,

were

con^

OLD,
tact

AGE

"

ITS

CAUSE

of copper with the skin had an injurious ever, effect, we with silver. Howplated the mask this speedily tarnished, leaving black We the skin. then plated with stains upon in producing the gold, and finally succeeded d'or of Ninon de L'Enclos, veritable masque and probably a far better article than she used. This light,'strong and clean device we fastened to the ladies' faces with elastic bands, as shown in the accompanying illustrations. The application face to cream the of a thick coat of it aids in the exclusion of face is necessary as air and softens the skin. The result has been very and both of these ladies, as remarkable, well as others who have tried the device, have had very extraordinary success. deficiency of In a case a there was where superficial circulation in the skin of the face an (and as a consequence great pallor), electric from a small portable battery, as current The in the illustration, was applied. shown The first improvement was very pronounced. to the metal face mask usually offered objection be unpleasant to sleep with is that it would the face, if that should such a device upon The be desired; but this is not the case. fitting the contour of the features metal mask detail (as it surely will in every accurately if the plaster cast is made properly),results bearing. The in a general, even generated warmth produces a gentle perspiration which has
266

AND
a

PREVENTION

the nerves soothing effect upon and induces hour, or even an sleep. After wearing the mask half of that time, when it is removed the face in perspiration. be bathed to will be found Wipe this off with a dry towel. The skin, after this prolonged perspiration bath will be found to be white and smooth porarily and the wrinkles tem-

pressed out. If the cheeks and chin have been developed by the deep massage exercise described in the cided dechapter relating to those muscles, a very in the appearance improvement of the face by the mask alone will quickly result, but the process of facial rejuvenation will be greatly hastened by friction with the palms of the hands and tips of the fingers. Not gentle the tips of the fingers, as with smoothings in beauty articles, but usually recommended rubbing and plenty of it. This should be done
immediately of the mask. after the removal lines have then been temporarily The pressed out, the skin has still a slight coating of face then favorable cream, and the conditions are The most for this friction process. convenient lie upon will find to be as you position you The back in bed. neck should also be your as the face, and no treated in the same way harm will be done to the skin as long as it does face cream applied not chafe, a few drops of the by the palms preventing of the hands
that

condition.
267

OLD This
some was

AGE

"

ITS

CAUSE

the logical, practical and successful Ninon de L'Enclos. By it and method of described she reof the other methods tained face free from a youthful wrinkles and

with the appearance of the skin of youth up to the age of 80 years. As success rewarded her efforts, so will success to come anyone who follow her It will example. requires time and is certain and the reward patience, but success to any woman who greatly values her facial in my judgment, is worth the appearance,

trouble. To the
apology facial
an

reader
to

of this chapter I have These make. experiments


not

now

at

upon my made idea of manufacturing face a part with any for sale. They were taken at the up mask had request of numerous correspondents who upon obtained previous copies of my works Physical and Facial Rejuvenation. Accident in possession of the old French pamplaced me phlet It referred to. seemed evident that the French beauty had found the real secret and solution of a problem which has worried womankind in all ages, and to satisfactorily answer conthose questions these experiments were ducted; I must but now I am conconfess that fronted difficulty I a overcome, cannot which with own or at least to my satisfaction. In arrangement entering into an with my lishers, pubdistinctly understood it was that all
268

rejuvenationwere

AND

PREVENTION

for publication I was to present of the matter to be the result of my was own personal and in the art of getting successful experiences yoUng again. That all of the methods described should be free from any artificial devices or descriptions of drug designed decoctions or used for that purpose, and that Nature's methods of deferring physical old age, or indications of facial age, should be described. In, short, to be a clear description of the the book was by which I have become cally physinatural means 72 at young and presenting the appearance half of my but little over age. Also of a man that anyone could successfully practice those pense. without an instructor and without exmethods I can confidently and truthfully say that up to this stage of my account of the matter to those conditions. I have carefully adhered is that this The trouble now confronting me device and is now a patented metal face mask been I have publishing the restrained from how to understand to instructions necessary how to^ make or the plaster make such a mask face cq,st upon which the mask is built. As this is the basis of the patents of the manufacturer legal entanglement some might result if I were its to disregard that restrainer. In any event intricate to be a much more construction seems in fact, about as process than I had supposed; a set art as fitting and making of an much the only way around of false teeth. Probably

OLD

AGE-^ITS

CAUSE

interested the difficultywould be to refer anyone in the matter to the experts who manufacture the device. It is an expensive affair, requiring photographs of the face careful measurements, and lines to be eliminated and generally a good deal of time and attention to various details with which I am unfamiliar. The materials of i. e., which it is constructed are all expensive; in solution, and I am gold, silver and copper now advised special electric plating devices are used. Under these conditions the manufacturers for each that they charge mask, write me if battery, etc., desired, one hundred with dollars. To the average reader of this book that will be a prohibitive price, but I can say for the device that it is wonderfully this much effective, and it certainly does whiten the skin Also improve the complexion. and generally if accurately fitted it will last a lifetime, but just like a set of false teeth, each individual be measured must and fitted by herself. There does not After to be any seem other way. the face should be thoroughly using the mask frictioned with the palms of the hands, as heretofore described; anoint the face afterwards this, after drying egg; with the white of an and shrinking up the wrinkles, should be rinsed If all this detail is warm water. off in pure I have instructed, the results as performed will be found to be very satisfactory, possibly far greater than you think possible. The im270

AND

PREVENTION

mediate effect will probably endure for several hours, and as the practice is continued, finally improvement If permanent will surely ensue. nett, interests you address Sanford Benthe matter Flatcare of Physical Culture Magazine, iron Building, New York, and I will send your letter to the experts who All the mask. make further information be can and arrangements terest with them, as I have no longer any inmade in the manufacture of this mask.

271

Massage

Exercise for Developing


Cheeks

the

exercises entitled "Dumb-bell with massage of the biceps covery to the disand triceps," reference is made of the athlete, C. A. Sampson, author or that the pressure of "Strength," of bands during the arms straps tightly fastened around the exercise speedily increased size of the in my cover Experimenting, muscles. efforts to disthe reason why, I found that this pressure during the alternate contraction and relaxations of the muscles, produced a determination of the blood to that point and therefore a distention an of the vessels; consequently enlargement as a just sponge of the structure, will enlarge its Acting filled are when cells with water. this idea I substituted the pressure upon of bands, the palms of the hands for Sampson's the results were the and found that in this way same, and that the muscles of the cheeks ing could be very speedily enlarged by the followI practice while simple exercise, which lying upon my back. Draw up both corners of the mouth towards the eyes, or in the position up of an exaggerated smile. This will bunch

IN

the chapter in combinaton

OLD

AGE

"

ITS

CAUSE

those supporting muscles upon the upper part below bones immediately the of the cheek drop the chin to its corners of the eyes. Now This will place a further tension extent. utmost In this the cheek upon supporting muscles. bunched them up, position, that is, keeping
alternately open and close the jaws,at the same or time steadily massage, rub with the palms This will infalliblyenlarge them, of the hands. for the logical reasons described and the result will be that the overlying skin and tissue being well supported will give to the cheeks the rounded There appearance will also of earlier years. be an increase in color and a generally improved For the eflFect and more youthful appearance. an upon old face I again call of this system your which serves attention to the photograph At the age of frontispiece to this book. as a 50 my cheeks were now, at 72, they are sunken; full and round, the result of the persistent It will practice of the exercise described. your face, and will not produce any lines upon the supporting muscles of certainly develop knowledge your cheeks, and to the best of my
no

other exercise of this nature

will.

Massage

for the Muscles

of the Chin

be classed muscles of the chin may involuntary and can as only be developed by massage; but they usually respond more quickly to that process than the muscles that surround the eye. Rest the chin upon the palms of your hands, press firmly and muscles rub the underlying for described the same vigorously; method the muscles surrounding the eye, but requiring

THE

more

pressure.

should be conposition of the hands tinually pressure shifted, for, if continuous is maintained upon any part relaxwithout ation, growth is not so rapid. Change positions, if your chin was I have suggested, ever as .and in youth, full and round that condition will, by persistent practice, be regained.
The

274

Rapid

Development Muscles

Supporting of the of the Cheeks

illustrated of rapid by the persistent and scribe systematic practice of the exercises dei. e., for the development of the cheek muscles and those of the chin and jaw, is so that I have obtained the kind perremarkable mission of the lady who so successfully practiced them to present for the inspection of the readers The book first two of this photographs. was taken. July 5, 1909; the second, October days 26, 1909, or three months and twenty-one The later. exercises were commenced and daily my practiced and persistently under directions, and the result has exceeded all directly interested in of those expectations This lady was the experiments. and still is very quite slender. Health and digestion were but improved, not sufficiently considerably proveme for the very great change and imto account The supin her facial appearance. porting had greatly of the cheeks muscles hollow and the chin atrophied, the cheeks were The face as a consequence presented emaciated. First haggard appearance. a thin and attempts

THE

instance here facial improvement

275

July

Fifth,

1909

276

October

Twenty-sixth,

1909

9m

OLD

AGE
were

"

ITS
not

CAUSE

The insuffic encouraging. structure of the bony covering of became the cheeks and chin quite tender, and This conwas a rest of three days allowed. dition disappearing, the exercises were again interruption no thereafter and commenced,
at the exercises

occurred. improvement A marked was evident in one both cheeks and chin becoming more month, the skin also being symmetrical, and round opment improved. The much exercises for the develthen commenced, of the throat muscles were but improvement at this point, while not nearly so satisfactory, was rapid as the development of the supporting cheek muscles or those of the chin. The reason of this difference in I think, due to the fact of development was, being less atrophied the throat muscles than those of the cheeks and chin. It is also probable that the neck and throat were slender. always difference in rapidity Therefore, the apparent of development. I present for the encouragement this case in this direction. of those wishing to experiment While no claim is made that such quick results be olitained, that it is possible can always the lady referred to has fully demonstrated.

278

^^'-/Mm'ii^s^.^i^
"^^
The
Smooth
Face

:;-ffl"at^^jt^~aa SXj^ii'-''-^-

of

Youth

279

The

Lines

of Age

380

The

Lines of Age

in years pear certain lines apthe face and neck which we upon but these age; associate with marks more of physical deterioration are often due for In some to neglect than to years. women, instance, they appear at twenty in others, -five; ten years later. After persistent experiment upon the skin and I am years, muscles, for the past seventeen confident that if the practice of the simple described in this book are commenced methods the disfiguring lines firstappear, it is possible, when vent not alone to efface them, but also to pre-

AS
""

we

advance

their reappearance until extreme old age. The preservation of the celebrated beauty of de L'Enclos, is a the Sixteenth Century, Ninon well-known instance of this theory. This woman for her wonderful was physical remarkable At the age of eighty j creditable, preservation. authorities state, she retained the great beauty of her girlhood, her face having the freshness of youth, and being as free then from the lines her whiteof age as it had been at twenty, hair, then fashionable, but adding to powdered

her youthful

appearance.
281

OLD
From

AGE

"

ITS

CAUSE

the datk the writer has been able to gather, her smoothness of skin and freedom from due solely to persistent daily friction wrinkles was of the skin of her face, combined with an exercise for the muscles of the neck and throat, very similar to the exercises illustrated and described in this volume. known Little was of the laws of scientificphysical culture at that time, but as Madam de L'Enclos retained her elasticity of body and graceful figure to the last, it is evident of exercises was systematically alone and persistently practiced. In that way been preserved. could her youthful condition have
some

that

system

"

Usually the first marks left by time upon the human features to us all and they are common are the wrinkles extending from the nostrils to As the the corners and beyond. of the mouth, these are joinedby parallel wrinyears advance kles, half inch tant disan somewhat shorter, about on the cheek. Stilllater, another, and even at a further distance shorter, wrinkle appears of less than half an inch; and others are also
"

formed, "and
curve.

beginning at the extending downward

corners

with

of the mouth, slight inward

Wrinkles on the forehead which parallel the line of the eyebrows, with a slight downward These are generally bend at the ends, appear. from three to five in number, according to one's "crow's The called age. wrinkles commonly
282

AND

PREVENTION

feet" spread, fan wise, from the outer corners the temples, and are usually of the eyes over from three to five in number. The skin below the eyes becomes loose and ners creased. These creased lines start from the corof the eyes, slightly curving, and overlapping lines By two or this time one each other. ing usually appear at the sides of the neck, commencat a point back of the ears, extending below to the throat. the jaw, and slanting downward behind the ears, comes Immediately too, the skin beslightly loose; two short wrinkles form, and a line appears extending down to, and under, the neck. At the nex^t stage a great number of very all over short, tiny lines begin to appear tersec some the face and neck parallel, others inThese give to the skin a withered has departed freshness of youth The appearance. Now, too, the chin the skin under loose; all of the long lines meet becomes and interweave, with the and combine overlay and just appearing, to form a tangled short ones, web of criss-crossings that deepen as the years This is the skein of life. This is advance. is never the spinning of time. And the pattern
"

beautiful! The only sure of erasing these lines is method by friction, and this is best accomplished with the palms of the hands, as described in the chapter upon the Rejuvenation of the Face and Neck.

This treatment,

if commenced
283

when

the

OLD

AGE

"

ITS

CAUSE

disfiguring lines firstappear, and if methodically and daily practiced, in combination with the exercises for the muscles of the face and neck, fully in the chapters (described that upon
will subject),
surely eflfecta very marked in the personal satisfactory improvement

and

pearanc ap-

284

The

Muscles
are

of the Throat

be voluntary muscles and can be increased exercised at will. They can in size, strength and elasticity.The anatomical illustrations appearing on pages 252 and 292 define the appearance accurately sition and poUpon them the contour of these muscles. In the illustration of the throat largely depends. 252 on page you will notice a large to that projectionin the muscle attached in anatomy known as the thyroid throat bone (more familiarly, Adam's Apple), and from that point ascending to the lower part of it is attached. In youth the chin, where that and elastic, supmuscle is usually full, round porting

THESE

tissue and covering the surrounding skin, filling up the hollows, and giving to the throat the roundness and graceful contour of The Throat illustration. Youth, the of which on the following page is an excellent example. As years creep on, if that part of the throat is not exercised, this large muscle, and the minor it, following the general law, ones surrounding strength, elasticity and size; its the tissue shrinks, and the skin, without former support, becomes and wrinkled; seamed
285

deteriorate

in

The

Throat

of

Youth

The

Throat

of Old

Age

287

OLD

AGE

"

ITS

CAUSE
"

folds then, later, falls into loose hanging the throat of old age. (See illustration on preceding page.) If the muscles underlying the loosein this picture, could hanging skin, as shown be brought back to their former size and condition, it is evident that the contour of the for it would throat would be greatly improved, At what assume the outline of earlier years. I pracby the methods age this improvement, tice, impossible, I am becomes unable to say. faces frontispiece was The photograph which fiftieth year; it taken when I was entering my skin shows, under the chin, the loose-hanging I had until of age, and that condition remained

entered my, sixtieth year. dustri During the period of that ten years, I had inprove to imand successfully endeavored the rest of my body, but had neglected to of the throat and face, exercise the muscles presented signs of physical which consequently in to the more contrast age, youthful marked limbs. It body being appearance of the and due to the evident that this deterioration was inactivityof these muscles, I devised a system of exercises for their development. The results of two years' persistent practice in this direction are shown in the profile picture have The 296. reon throat page muscles gained former their strength and roundness, has being well supported, caused and the skin, loose in folds, are the phothe shown which
288

AND
tograph taken There

PREVENTION
twenty-two

years

remarkable over the conditions which then development of the throat, as well as of the entire neck, has been accomplished with much less exertion, and in less time, than was. required to develop the arms and the legs. The most is, that the throat and face probable reason been exercised to any extent, muscles, having never were consequently much atrophied; and this improvement, they were when cally systematimore noticeable. With my exercised, was personal experience in this direction, I feel warranted in stating that it is possible, and really difficult, to develop the muscles not of the described, after throat and face, by the methods after the half -century mark middle age; even has been passed, wrinkles will disappear, and of the smoothness of skin characteristic much be In short, if regained. of earlier years may you tice will systematically and persistently pracI have to the methods endeavored make face assume a and neck will much clear, the more youthful appearance. This will require some exertion upon your part, be accomplished time; but it cannot and some in any other way, all statements of the manufacturer and seller of "skin foods," face ointments, or trary. any preparations, to the conrejuvenating I speak from experience, as I experimented systematically
289

is

disappear. improvement existed. This


ago,
to

and

persistently

with

OLD
various

AGE

"

ITS

CAUSE

for and facial ointments one that if I could find any which preparation could be forced through by the the pores of the skin, and absorbed store underlying glands, it might be possible to reto the shrunken muscles of the face and The rethroat the condition of earlier years. sult "skin foods" year, feeling sure
a complete was of that year of experiments failure, for the reason that the cellular tissue these muscles, as well as every other of which is is body formed, the muscle and organ of the result of the digestion and assimilation of the food we the fluids we take into our stomachs, breathe. It is impossible drink, and the air we by any artificial to feed or nourish the muscles These so-called "skin discovered. means ever

foods"

absorbed to any appearance and the improved appreciable extent, of the skin after their application is due to the pores of the skin and the myriads of small filled up with the lines becoming temporarily surface greasy while the. smooth preparation, it. to apply is due to the rubbing necessary The skin, like any other piece of leather, will better, with the palms of the hands, polish much but to avoid chafing should be coated with or a few drops some of olive smooth fape cream
or creams are

face

not

oil. There bought, with

be royal road to health; it cannot been endowed have ever and if you time your physical beauty, don't waste

is no

290

AND
and your purchase, The
money

PREVENTION

to regain it by endeavoring for that is not possible. I have described methods -rejuvenating or are very pain. They entail no expense tive, effecbut their practice rests with you, yourself, and they require both time and patience. If you value your personal appearance ly sufficientfor its improvement to work systematically lines described, the and with persistence upon is that you my experience will surely succeed. however, If, you will, that conclude, as many it is too much trouble, cultivate a spirit of contentment resigned with your lot, and become indications to the wrinkles and other of physical is it to impossible remove them in any age, as than as I have described. other way

291

Muscles

of the

Throat

"

Head

Thrown

Back

292

Developing

the Muscles

of the Throat

"

Third

Exercise

is impossible to present a pearanc apyouthful if the throat is marred by loose, hanging be free from skin. The face may support wrinkles, but if the muscles which

IT

the throat between the and jaws) are shrunken, an appearance of age is inevitable. Therefore, in my eral efforts at genphysical rejuvenationI have endeavored to devise special exercises for the development of the throat and neck muscles. In this direction I have obtained several valuable ideas from a by of the methods practiced careful study The old French pamphlet de L'Enclos. Ninon I have previously to which not referred was tion this the descripaltogether clear upon subject, but evidently being vague, the French by woman throat and exercised her neck in the position backward, her head throwing overlying skin {i. e., immediately which below
covers

the

plate (page 292). anatomical the old book stated that she practiced before a mirror, she these movements dently evidid or so either standing sitting. by the being supported Therefore, the head

shown But as

in

the

293

OLD
shoulders advantage be lost.

AGE in

"

ITS

CAUSE

both of these positions, the of its weight in the exercises would I found that by placing a pillow back, my shoulders as I lay upon under my far as the head backward and then throwing as possible (that is, alternately backward and be a much forward), greater strain could placed as the throat muscles upon well as the large The ment developones at the back of the neck; in this way be much more rapid would by French beauty. the method than of the The illustration which accompanies scripti this dethe position clear. This will make
in question of exercising the muscles is also less fatiguing than when practiced in an tage. upright position. There is also another advanward The action of raising the head in the for-

method

the abdominal contracts muscles, motion which relax as the head is dropped back again. This alternate contraction and relaxation is an excellent exercise for these muscles and has a the digestive organs. very beneficial effect upon feeling of if any Commence slowly, and dizziness results from the unaccustoined ity' activfirst limit trials to, say, your and

five movements,
100
or
more

position

but

very
"

soon

with

ease

that

attain is, throwing the

you

can

backward head as bringing it forward.


exercise which described, and
can

far as possible and then This is the most eflFective be devised for the purpose
are 29d

if you

really and

thoroughly

The

Result

of Throat

and

Neck

Exercise

at

the Age

of 72

396

OLD
in earnest

AGE"

ITS

CAUSE

and will faithfully and systematically practice the movements which I have described, you will surely strengthen and round out the neck, and as the muscles of the throat eralargeand is properly supported, the skin overlying them the disfiguring bags will surely disappear. If the throat is too fat and full that is, if that bete noir of beauty, the double chin, has this exercise will speedily reduce it. appeared" The round, full throat and symmetrical neck of beauty the celebrated French at the age of in her portrait, is a convincing 70, as shown
"

of the value of these throat probably she never and neck exercises. Most allowed the disfiguring double chin to appear, these exercises when physical she commenced them was and continued still hers youth her long life. She was throughout able by these to retain the youthful means contour of her
as

demonstration

throat to the end. I did not commence case these 50. You over special exercises until I was will notice that the loose-hanging skin at my throat was at that age (see photovery marked graph first on graph page), while my profile photoon my opposite page^ will demonstrate and and ten." To allwomen ance who value their personal appearI earnestly advise the practice of these three neck and throat exercises. They are the solution of a problem which has puzzled the sex in all ages.
success score

beautiful neck In my own

at "three

years

297

Ninon
"The
Woman

de L'Enclos
Who
Never
woman

Grew

Old"

convincing and well authenticated example of the truth of the system of facial and physical preservation described in this book. as and rejuvenation Several of the simple methods of preventing wrinkles, fillingup hollow cheeks, and removing the chin and one of the exercises I rounding practice for the development of the muscles of been evolved from hints obthe throat have tained from an old French pamphlet published in 1710, Jeanne Sauval, having the author, been faithful attendant the personal and of for Ninon de L'Enclos almost half of a century. While that old book has no doubt been used face as a means of advertising various creams, lotions and other toilet accessories of doubtful beauty value, and which the great French heard never the exercises probably of, yet described, as if therein meagerly and vaguely importance, were were they the real of no secret of her unprecedented preservation of
was 29S

the born in Paris, May Paris, October 17, 1706. She


appears upon

THE

remarkable

portrait whose following page was died in 15, 1616;


a

NINON

DE

L'ENCLOS

AT

AGE

OF

SEVENTY OLD"

"THE

WOMAN

WHO

NEVER

GREW

300

OLD
apparent

AGE

"

ITS

CAUSE

The metal years. youth in advanced face mask which her maid states she sometimes wore a was when very sleeping undoubtedly effective aid in the preservation of the smoothness described of skin and brillia'nt complexion in her memoirs. Yet without the development of the muscles of both face and throat the metal mask alone could not have preserved her youthful as appearance at the age of seventy, shown in her portrait. This old portrait from which the engraving was taken is still upon exhibition in a celebrated French Beaugallery. It is by Andre Domini Anno Therefore 1686. the champs, subject of this chapter at the time of that had her year. painting seventieth reached Those in life interested the and personality L'Enclos in de Ninon find the American of will Cyclopedia, Vol. X, under "Len," a long article in reference to her. For a more ordinary of this extraextended account see woman the "Life and Letters of Ninon de L'Enclos," collection and compilation by the Lion by W. H. Overton, published Publishing Co., Chicago, 1903, from which the following extracts are taken: Mile, de L'Enclos, as she was "Ninon, or woman that known, was the most remarkable lived. For seventy years she held puted ever undisguished distinthe hearts of the most over sway Louis XIV, men when of France.
301

OLD
85 she was the marvel

AGE
years

"

ITS

CAUSE

of age, declared that she was as of his reign. Ninon's form was symmetrical, elegant and yielding as a willow; dazzling her of a white, complexion with black' her as teeth midnight; sparkling eyes as like pearls, her mouth mobile, her smile captivating Adorable in as she was and resistless. to be until her death youth, so she continued An incredible fact, but so at the age of 91. reliable well attested by the greatest and most it, to the truth of that there writers who testify is no reason to doubt." "Ninon attributed it not to any miracle or (that is, natural traits, but to her philosophy her methods of physical and facial preservation), declared one exthat any and might hibit the same peculiarities by following the I fully same (Which statement precepts."

indorse.)
It is evident that she taught her intimate friends the arts and exercises by which she beauty her marvelous to extreme preserved further states: old age, as the biography have it on "We the most mony testiundoubted
were writers who of contemporaneous intimate that one of her dearest with him friends and followers. Saint Evremond, at the

of 89 years, inspired one beauties of the English court


age

of the with an

famous

ardent
the

attachment." Of the many

portraits
S02

painted

during

AND

PREVENTION

long life of Ninon de L'Enclos, the picture here to be the only profile position presented seems now extant, and was evidently intended to exhibit tiful the remarkable preservation of her beaufull-face portrait which The pears apneck. frontispiece as the of her memoirs above is in Alfred now the gallery of Baron quoted de Rothschild, painted by Jean Petitot in 1666. She was She was then about 50. evidently in her more at much slender youth, or even the time when the Jean Petitot portrait was indication of painted (at 50), but there is no age in the smooth, round neck and throat, even at three score years and ten. It is very probable that her luxuriant hair had become to seem gray, as there does not be any effectual method of preventing that in as we mark of age from appearing advance hair then fashionable years, but the white powdered but added to her beauty and youthful
appearance.

picture, with the statements given, is presented as indisputable evidence that if the is through life kept free from human body tissue, dead wornout cells or other clogging it will not exhibit what know we as matter "the signs of age'" to a period long past that think to be the physical limit of which we now
the appearance

This

of youth.

303

s
BE

e
o

"o
XI

"
c
cs

J3

Muscles

of the Neck Muscles the Abdominal of the Back


upon

and

in the the back, as shown illustration,when you raise your head you will find that a tension is placed upon all of the muscles of the neck, but particularly " large,, The those at the back of the neck. flat muscles brace up the abdomen are which into action. also brought To both of these exercise and strengthen lie upon sets of muscles, your very important lower back your alternately raise and and Tive head. movements will be sufficient to commence with, but as your strength increases

LYING

ten
can

times do no

that number harm.

will not

tire you

and

305

Development

Sanford

of Neck Bennett at

Muscles

Age

67

306

The

Skin

skin forms a protective covering, a for the whole body. close-fitting garment, It is of unequal over thickness; those parts which are exposed to pressure and friction it is thick and tough, but in the case of other parts liable to variations in size it is especially elastic. But in every place it is adapted to the

THE

of protection. It is both a secreting and an excreting organ, and upon its proper action our health, our very lives,depend. If its millions of glands and pores become obstructed it is impossible for one to be healthy. On the other hand, when these openings body free are -the safety valves of the and clear, the impurities of the body are readily an thrown off, the circulation is improved, is established in the eliminating equilibrium the skin and the internal organs, process between digestion is easier, intestinal and urinary se-. ment more regular, and an improvecretions become in the nervous own condition results. My experience has been that daily friction of the
" "

purpose

a goat-hair and skin with goat-hair mittens friction belt will materially relieve insomnia. These friction exercises should be followed by a 307

OLD

AGE

"

ITS

CAUSE

The moral of it all is: Keep tepid bath. the skin clean by friction and bathing. The skin iscomposed Overlying of three layers the true skin is the cuticle, or scarf skin, and we although commonly call this the skin, it is the true skin. really only a protecting layer over It has no blood vessels, so it never bleeds; and, it contains no it feels no pain. The as nerves, micros^cope shows that it is composed entirely of flat minute scales which overlap each other very like the shingles of a roof. These scales much formed by the true skin beneath, and are are narily Ordithe body. thrown constantly off from the this is iniperceptible; but sometimes it is called into masses, scales accumulate when is upon the scalp, scurf. Or, if the accumulation it is known dandruff. as Upon the condition of the scarf skin the complexion largely depends. If it is rough, a good is impossible. Temporary ment improvecomplexion be obtained by use can of the remedies dear to the feminine mind "skin foods," face But all of these apcreams plicati and face powders. have the same result: they simply lines, and temporarily smooth fill up the minute But this coating the rough when surface. its former is washed off, the skin, will resume
.
.
"

condition. It is not
they

usually claimed for face powders that proveme imtemporary a than will afford more but the manufacturers and venders
308

AND

PREVENTION

of so-called "skin foods" positively assert that feed and nourish the skin, their preparations and build up the underlying muscles, and that is therethe benefit derived from fore their use If lanoline, paraffine, white permanent. wax and spermacetti, the basis of all these preparations, could be forced into the true skin and the. muscles, and could there be converted into living cellular tissue, of which all (the skin included)are comparts of the body posed, foundation this claim might have some into of truth. But as these cells can only come lifeby the process of digestion and assimilation, You the fallacy of the above claim is apparent. "build up" form living or certainly cannot The "skin dead term tissue from matter. food" is a very attractive title for these greasy, waxy preparations, but neither the skin nor the feed on By can that kind of food. muscles friction some very slight superficial absorption of the higher grades of oil is possible; but even living tissue. As this abthis does not become sorptio is limited to only the very highest grades of oil, it is manifestly impossible for the
or any skin to take up paraflfine, white wax, concomitants of "skin of the other coarse foods." Their immediate effect, as before stated, is to

the surface of the skini,which, after their But this use, a smoother assumes appearance. is temporary, and there can be no growth or imcoat
309

OLD
provement

AGE

"

ITS

CAUSE

of the underlying muscles by such The applications. objectionto these greasy is that they clog up and obstruct ointments the myriads of underlying pores and glands. If you would have a healthy skin, these outlets for the impurities of the system must be kept clean and clear. Otherwise the skin be hea,lthy. cannot The secret of a fresh,"healthy skin is friction the goatthe body use and cleanliness. Upon hair friction mittens friction belt the and of the same material. It is advisable that these friction exercises be practiced daUy after the lowed and folother exercises described in this book
" "

tepid bath. For the face and neck, friction with the palms of the hands is an effective method of removing be rubbed can as they out, wrinkles, and be the skin can stated, polished, as elsewhere like For leather. the just any other piece of
a

by

ablutions of the face and neck use tepid water softened with borax. In a very short time after commencing these friction exercises for the body, you will find that is quieter and that both the the nervous system digestion and the circulation are improved. And what will prove of special interest to ladies is that the friction exercises for the face and neck will surely result in a marked improvement. face and I have demonstrated own my upon be rewrinkles can neck that by this method
310

AND

PREVENTION

in advanced even age, and I am moved positive that if this friction exercise is commenced when the lines first appear and is persistently practiced, they will be eradicated and will not again appear until extreme old age. This is the method de L'Enclos, the that was practiced by Ninon beauty of the seventeenth celebrated French century, and it is the only successful method for
wrinkles and retaining the smooth removing For the details skin characteristic of youth. of the face and neck, see of the rejuvenation the chapter under that title.

311

312

Exercising

the Muscles

Which
Blades

Cover

the Shoulder

in the back, as shown illustration, strike with your opposite the chest. This movement elbow across will bring into action and develop the muscles covering the shoulder blades. Five movements for each arm will be sufficient to commence This exercise is valuable where there with. indications of acid rheumatism in the are any from I speak described. muscles personal experience.

LYING
upon

your

313

"01)

a .s
o

"3

5U

Exercise

for the Development

of the

Throat Muscles
First Exercise

thumb side, place ybur on the throat immediately under the chin, or at about the center of the large muscle Apple to the which extends frorii the Adam's on (see anatomical 2(12). page plate chin If you lie upon the right your right side, use if upon thumb; th^ left, use the left thumb. Throw in the head back to the position shown the illustration on the opposite page. Then bring the head forward (chin to the Keep up chest)which will relax the tension. the pressure while alternating, of the thumb by the contracting and relaxing the muscles This described. movement movements will
upon your
tense

LYING

the muscles the of the throat, which exercise is intended- to develop, the firm, upward

pressure

of the thumb adding to that tension. Commence each mornwith ten movements ing, increasing gradually, as your physical condition to fifty. will warrant, This exercise should be practiced while recumbent, both upon the right aiid left sides. If practiced proveme imfaithfully and systematically a marked the
contour

of surely result.

of the throat will

815

Showing

Muscles

of

the

Neck

and

Arms

"

Rear

View

316

The

Neck

THE

principal supports of the neck are two large muscles attached to the base of the skull, and from thence descending to the the back of the neck. they form shoulders; The sides are braced by another pair of large mediate to the skull imare muscles which attached behind the ears, and which descend large muscles These to the collar bone. are braced by minor but upon ones, these main supports, the contour and strength of the neck largely depend. If they are poorly developed the back and sides of the neck will appear weak ing the skin-covering, lackand unsymmetrical; fall into unthe proper support, will soon sightly creases; and in this condition there is an not appearance of age which the time of lifemay
warrant.

and of the back sides rubbing of the hand will, of the neck with the palm to a considerable extent, efface these wrinkles; but this isa superficial treatment and its effect is but temporary; if the underlying muscles as, ^being poorly are shrunken and weak, the skin loose and flabby, will surely become supported will deepen. and the creases, The remedies dear to the feminine mind for Persistent
" "

"oil

OLD

AGE

"

ITS

CAUSE

this condition are so-called "skin foods" and But of like nature. other greasy preparations form to it is impossible as tissue muscular by their use, the fallacy of the process is evident. by the The skin will certainly be improved to apply the preparations, but friction necessary is of no avail. aside from this the treatment described It is evident that if the muscles developed and restored to the condition of were the skin, being then properly earlier years, surface. regain its smooth would supported, by practicing This can be accomplished the throat neck and several exercises for both which are described.

318

JS
"OH

a
o

319

Exercise

for Developing

and the Neck

ing Strengthen-

CLASP
as

forward, or resistance, Commence pressure with the arms. with not more than five movements; that is, alternately time raising and lowering the head, at the same keeping up the full strain of the arms. At the two or movements, end of a week increase one My limit as own your condition may warrant. is now I find ample. By twenty -five, which an excess of this exercise, I increased my neck from fourteen to sixteen inches; measurement height to my whi'eh, being out of proportion (see illustration on page 306), I totally discontinued for about the saipe six months, measurement reducing to fifteen and one-quarter iP'Ches; at which it remains. The muscles called into action, and specially developed by this exercise, are in the shown illmtration on page 292.
time
a

pillow; the same

the hands firmly back of the head, in the illustration on preceding shown Raise the head clear of the page. it backward, then press exerting at
strong

320

01

o
V3

"on

a .s
o

321

Developing

the Sides of the Neck


your

in illusside, as shown turn the on tration page, preceding chin as far as possible towards the upper the (This movement will contract shoulder. the side of the neck, and will upon muscles of the also bring into action those muscles the throat immediately under the chin.) When back head drops to its original position the muscles will relax. Their alternate contraction

LYING
upon
.

an constitute exercise which relaxation and will develop the muscles of the sides of the neck, the contour and improve and will also strengthen of the throat muscles. Commence the exercise with five movements, as your physical and increase to fifty or more, Both improves. sides of the neck condition ment be exercised, for otherwise the developmust will be unequal. The the neck is effect of this exercise upon The in the illustration on 306. page shown deep Unes which once crossed and re-crossed the back of my neck have wholly disappeared, and appearance at this point is that of a man my of half my years. Ladies who may contemplate practicing this

322

OLD

AGE-

ITS

CAUSE

exercise need not fear the appearance of undue this picture exhibits. The which muscularity is the muscles of women effect of exercise upon The as the muscles of men. upon not the same knotted and rugged appearance of the muscles of in women, the trained male athlete never appear ways alsimilarly trained; Their muscles although
more graceful remain soft, elastic and in their roundness than those of men. The exercise here described will improve and in beautify the neck at a time when, middle life,it is usually very scrawny.

323

OS

"u

u
n

"ll

C ft
O

324

Dumb-Bell

Exercise

for Two

Hands

bells. advocate the use of light dumbpair I use weigh four pounds, but half that weight, in most cases, will be sufficient. I have experimented, I lay in as bed, with all sizes up to forty pounds, but I have found action moderately quick with from four two to the most weights of pounds is always danger a effective. There of over dumb-bells; the conexercise with the heavy tinuous heart, strain may affect the and certainly has a tendency to bring on that condition in athletics as being known "muscle bound." The light weights with rapid action, in the the position shown, by the illustration upon

STRONGLY The

will give an elasticity and general be obtained which cannot quickness of motion with the heavy dumb-bells. Commence with ten strokes; increase, as your It is a to fifty or more. condition will warrant, safe and effective exercise. After this striking
opposite
page,
to their exercise is completed, extend your arms full length at right angles with the sides, and alternately turn, or twist, your wrists back and
325

OLD
forth,
so

AGE
that the
arms

"

ITS

CAUSE

will partially revolve in their shoulder sockets. If there is any tendency to rheumatic pains at this point, where deposits this movement will of uric acid frequently occur, be found to be beneficial, as it will dislodge such deposits. Commence and gradually with five movements increase to twenty-five, which at all stages will be sufficient.

326

C9

"o

"ct

"
a
o

327

Dumb-Bell
In Combination
with

Exercise
of the

Massage
Muscles

Biceps

and

Triceps

by this, of the arms, more of exercise, is very much method rapid than by boxing, or any gymnasium exercise practiced with the usual mechanical

DEVELOPMENT

appliances. To the celebrated athlete, C. A. Sampson, one and the rival of the world's strong men due the credit of 'discovering seems of Sandow, during exercise that massage of the muscles The greatly aids their development. method employed elastic tightly by

him
or

was

bands

the application he straps, which

of strong fastened

his arms during his dumb-bell around and relaxation exercise. The alternate pressure conof the bands or straps, as the muscles were tracted a or very effective relaxed, made He attributed his marvelous massage. strength to this practice. his method, After and the very studying he in his book, logical reasons advances I procured scribe de"Strength," the elastic straps tions. to his direcand practiced according improvement The was that resulted
328

OLD
soon

AGE

"

ITS

CAUSE

and it was evident that the system would effect all that its author claimed for it, but the inconvenience of the device was it. I substituted the such that I abandoned 327, using, instead of on page exercise shown the elastic straps or bands, simply the pressure the upper of the hands clasped firmly over I massage arm, which while I am using the dumb-bell. Development of the biceps and triceps muscles \yillbe found to be very rapid by this system. Commence than ten practice with not more to fifty then increase gradually movements; for each arm; this, with daily practice, should be sufiicient to keep the arms strong and dumb-bells four flexible. Weight two to of in pounds, strength. In -accordance with your the traveling or where under circumstances dumb-bells this cannot easily be procured, be performed very effectively without exercise can them.
apparent,

329

Stretching-Board

Device

for Broadening

the Shoulders

exercise is only intended for exceptional i. e., those whose shoulders cases; The are narrow. abnormally shoulder stretching board was originally devised for a man was young who notably deficient in this His success in its use decided me to respect. describe and illustrate it as in the foregoing The board is easy to make, inexpensive pages. described. and very effective for the purpose In most there is an. excellent gymnasiums broaden to the shoulders exercise practiced by the means tween of lateral tension. Standing betwo upright parallel bars, the student them grasps outwith both hands, his arms stretche body. The to exthe at right angles ercise in consists pulling alternately with either hand, firstright, then left. This action exercises or stretches laterally the muscles of the shoulders, if ticed, and, regularly and persistently pracimprovement is certain. At the commencement of my efforts to devise in exercising in bed, as a subsimple methods stitute for the regular gymnasium exercise, I with rings, bars unsuccessfully experimented

THIS

OLD

AGE

"

ITS

CAUSE

and ropes, which I attached to the sides of the bed, endeavoring to effect lateral tension of the I found that, shoulder muscles by such means. in addition to the inconvenience of the fixtures, the body was unpleasantly shifted from side sired to side by the force of the pull; while the deto that, was an result, directly contrary alternate tension and relaxation of the shoulder in the position any change muscles, without of the body. Finally I tried a board, as long as the spread of in inches arms three my outstretched and This I grasped at the ends, the pull width. of the opposing h'ands giving the lateral tension of the shoulder muscles without disturbing the I found this stretching position of the body. ment board very effective, and the only improveit is to attach I have ever upon made strong iron handles to the ends, that the hands firmer have more a convenient may and hold.
The
'

Exercise

Is This

Lying upon your back, with the board resting diagonally across the chest, the hands grasping the ends or handles, as in the illustration on full force upward 230, pull with your page
under the possible, that the muscles arms along the upper ribs may and extending downward a resist with receive the strain;
as

far

as

332

AND

PREVENTION
p.

pull of equal force; next reverse be exercised. each side may


Second
Movement

the pull, that

the the board lying at right angles across keeping up chest, pull with both hands at once, the strain for two or three seconds; then relax. for each exerCommence cise; with five movements is, that alternately tensing and relaxing the muscles, as described; increase to fifteen With
movements, warrant.
as

your

physical

condition

may

333

3
O

.5 a
a

"o
a o

Exercise

for Broadening
upon
your

the Shoulders
grasp

the the elbow right hand, with and left hand. the (As right elbow with is exerted, you pressure will feel an outward lateral strain upon both or shoulders.) The arms, upper pull, act as levers under this cross forcing them from the pressure the apart; the left elbow acts upon the upon right hand shoulder muscles of the left side, while a corresponding the opposite effect takes place upon In this position, practice that moshoulder. tion familiarly known as shrugging the shoulders ; the lateral strain and tensed condition of the ment muscles, combined with the up and down moveof the shoulders, is a most effective method of developing that part of the body. increasing Commence with five movements,

IYING

back,

the

left

strength and physical condition have reached twentywill warrant, until you five with ease, ness. and without any feeling of soreThis is a very good and effective exercise, sistentl and will surely have the desired result if per(See illustration on page practiced.
as

daily,

your

334.)
335

Developing

the

Muscles

of the

Shoulder

Blades

336

Exercise

for Developing
the Shoulder
your

the Muscles

Covering

Blades

LYING
upon
,

your

should possible. Commence upon with five movements each side; it is perfectly safe, and in a very short time all feeling of soreness, which may result from the first attempts, The will disappear. be increased can then movements without fatigue, and very with satisfactory results,
.

alternately raise in the illustration shoulders, as shown The tenon the opposite page. sion be upward far as as and forward

back,

the original number. By reference to the anatomical plate on page 316, you will see that this movement will bring into action the large muscles attached to, lent and covering, the shoulder blades. It is an excelbe deficient at exercise for ladies who may being certain if these this point, improvement faithfully followed. If your directions are ever well developed and symmetrical shoulders were can that condition certainly be restored by persistent practice of this exercise.
to ten

times

337

338

Exercise

for the Development


The

of the Legs

Climbing

Muscles

the legs, as they are constantly of life, exercised in the ordinary better .pursuits developed are than proportionately But the mere the arms. exercise of walking will at the not specially develop the large muscles front of the thighs and in the calves of the legs, which I will designate as the "climbing Walking or while either running, muscles." brings those muscles into action, does not place them, and as a any considerable tension upon fast runners are rule neither pedestrians nor at these notable for any unusual development bicyclists the other hand, while, on points; "men almost invariably of the hills" are and

IN

most

persons

there. well developed leg muscles The of

the

runner

are

more

rapid action, than elastic, and capable of more are those of the adept of the silent wheel or the hills, but the former soon tires athlete of the under the strain of a steady climb, whatever be, simply because his physical condition may he has not developed the muscles' then called into action.

OLD

AGE

"

ITS

CAUSE

It is really only a matter of training. My deficiency attention was called to this marked in the cases runners of several well-known and San cisco Frana pedestrians, members of celebrated athletic club. Upon several occasions these were the guests of an outing club to gentlemen We owned which I belonged for several years. a small pack of fox hounds with which we were in the habit of hunting The country coyotes. in which we hunted is very rough, hilly, practic and imfor horses; we therefore followed foot. on the hounds when chased by hounds, always selects for his line of flight the roughest country he can find; and to cut off his flight usually hills too steep and a over meant running chmb
coyote,

high to be available for anything but pasturage, for the half over them. -wild cattle wandering level country led up a valley or over If the run had no trouble in jogging on ahead our guests as tireless as the hounds apparently of us, the canyon; wild chorus echoed through whose his course, but when the scrub wolf changed the "high divide," the conditions and started over The elastic muscles of the changed. floor only to the smooth athletes, accustomed or the level cinder path, of the gymnasium quickly tired when called upon to face the steep sides of "rocky ridge." I have seen one of these gentlemen make a in a five-mile flat race, good showing while
340
,

AND
another once at the time

PREVENTION

held a low mark at 220 yards, and in question both were in excellent condition. But the steep grade and the steady strain of the "high divide," while but a jog for
the
to the were who accustomed for them. too much any other athletic feat, is not so a matter of natural ability, as of the much into training of the muscles specially brought play by the exertion. The development of these "climbing muscles" of the legs for any exercise of this nature will interest very few, but as a means of developing of the legs, it is and adding to the symmetry very possible that the simple effective and I will suggest be of more means may general interest. To bring into action the large muscles on the front of the thigh and those that make up the calf of the leg, i. e., the "climbing muscles," it is necessary to exert a pressure the ball upon be accomplished can very of the foot, which lie in bed. easily as you Attach to the foot of your bed a cord about in a 1^ feet in length, terminating pulley Lying handle. upon your side, grg,sp weight board this handle, then press firmly against the footof the bed with the ball of the foot, and This alternate alternately relax the pressure.

slower climb, were This, or

men

and relaxation will actively exercise the muscles in question, will imitate the action of climbing with the leg so exercised, and will
pressure

OLD

AGE

"

ITS

CAUSE

bring no strain or possible injury upon the heart danger ever imminent in hill climbing. a The pressure exerted should be equal to that required in climbing stairs or a steep grade. This exercise, if persistently and regularly practiced, the symmetry will surely improve of the legs, and will give one an ability to ascend never can stairs or climb steep hills, which be. acquired by the same amount of walking
"

It exercise. gymnasium running ordinary both the left and be practiced upon should the right side; otherwise the development will be unequal. (Seeillustration, page 33S).
or

S45?

"eti

343

Development

of the Muscles
(Continued)

of the Legs

the cord and circumstances going pulley weight handle described in the forechapter should be found inconvenient, board simply rest the ball of the foot against the footpress and reof the bed and lax;
any

IF
or

from

lying upon still another and easier way back or partially upon the side, as shown your in the accompanying illustration, place the
"

alternately

ball of the left foot upon or the upper part toes of the right, tense the muscles of this right leg and foot so that it may then afford support, alternately press and relax with the left foot. Repeat the exercise with the other leg. The cord and pulley weight handle device is quickis far more effective and development er, be but the last two exercises as described can and will appeal practiced under all circumstances to the members of the greatest zation, organii. e., lazy people, of which on earth; the writer is a member and a good example. For this reason signed all of these exercises are deto get the greatest amount of special muscular activity with as littlegeneral exertion but you as system, possible. It is a lazy man's find that any and all of these exercises are

will

remarkably

effective.
344

346

Exercise

for Strengthening the Loins

of military drill familiarly as the "setting-up drill," there is an ment exercise especially designed for the developStanding of the loins and side muscles. the hips, the men erect, with the hands upon bend the upper far to one as part of the body bending to the side as possible; then reverse,
that known
system

IN

retensing side, thus alternately and laxing is It loins. the muscles an exof the cellen body the at method of strengthening for constipation. this point, as well as a remedy This exercise can be easily performed while lying in bed. Resting back, with your arms upon your folded across the chest, raise the head and

other

shoulders slightly, so as to clear the pillow. Commence ten movements; that is, with five upon each physical conside; as- your dition improves, increase to twenty-five. This action will tense the abdominal muscles, tension upon the loin place a moderate muscles, the weight of the head and shoulders being an excellent substitute for the mechanical In combination appliances sometimes used. following, the exercise with the with, and and
346

OLD

AGE

"

ITS

CAUSE

lifting board, every muscle of the loins and into healthy sides will be brought action. If faithfully and systematically practiced, improveme is certain. (See illustration on page

345.)

347

n
o

"o
Si

"

e
a
o

S4S

Exercise

for Strengthening

the Lower

Abdominal

Muscles
abdominal of the abdomen lower and
a

being, the lower cover that part muscles, which lying between the hips portion of the pelvic bones, are

IN

the

human

the heavy strain, as they support continuous If they become within. weakened viscera inaction they will relax, and that unthrough sightly "pot bellied" may as condition known present: result. A far greater danger is also ever the possibility really the probability ture of rupfrom any sudden strain. brief description A of these muscles will
"

subjectto

"

to you understand enable following exercise, designed

more

clearly the for strengthening oblique muscles fore-part of the

these muscles. The external,


are

or

descending,

the side and situated on They are the largest and most superficial abdomen. flat broad, thin, muscles that brace of the the lower part of the abdomen. and support They are firmly attached to the external surface and lower borders of the inferior, or lower, these cartilaginous attachments ribs. From in proceed various diother smaller muscles
349

OLD

AGE

"

ITS

CAUSE

lap, overlap, and interlace, and rections. They designed to a thus form muscular webbing support and protect the underlying bowels and These external muscles are again braced organs. by a system internal muscles, of deep-seated forming ingenious a the whole wonderfully designed to structure protect support and the underlying organs. At this part great of the body muscular strength is requisite to sustain the pressure of If these muscles become the viscera within. follow. weakened, serious results may The importance of especially exercising and these supporting muscles is therefore strengthening plish evident. This is very difficult to accombe readily standing erect, but can when position, as follows: effected in a recumbent

Lying upon illustration on upwards the up

in the shown 348, bend knee one page do so, inwards; draw as you and hip of that side. You will find this
your
as

back,

muscles. action tenses all of the lower abdominal drop that leg back to its original position, Then and bend the knee, and draw up the hip of the in the exercising, first other side. Alternate the right side, then the left. upon
The than trials after a you will acquire control of the hip movement, after which the exercise will be very easy and improvement rapid.
as

illustration shows be necessary, may

the

knee

bent few

more

350

AND

PREVENTION

Commence upbn with three movements each your physical side, increasing, as condition improves, to twenty-five. This exercise is valuable in cases of constipation; described are the muscles and when
toned
remote

up

and strengthened, possibility.

rupture

is

very

351

352

Exercise

for Developing

the Muscles

of the Sides and

Loins

in the side, as shown illustration on the opposite page, raise the head this and both feet at once; the side muscles of the loins and will contract from imdescend mediate the large muscles which below the arm pits into the loins. The the muscles exercise will also strengthen but It is an excellent one, of the stomach. fatiguing. somewhat Six Commence with but three movements. or seven will probably prove the limit to which to go, as the strain is equivalent you will care scribed deby the muscles to hfting a heavy weight Therefore, if adopted, the exercise be commenced must and practiced with caution.

1YING
upon

your

353

.g
e
V

H
"-,

"a
o

CQ
o

Si

0
o

354

Tensing

Exercise
are

for the Whole


deep-seated

Body

minor muscles into are not which activity called by the special exercises previously describe The capillaries which should nourish activi them, veins, by this inand the microscopic losing their become may clogged, teries elasticity and efficiency, just as the larger arwill deteriorate unveins and muscles der like conditions. It is therefore necessary into action. to bring this dormant machinery To effect this, lie upon your side, fold your across arms your chest, grasp your elbows with head well back, and the hands, throw your stretch your body to its full length, as shown in the illustration upon the page. opposite In this attitude exert at first but half of the folded arms the pressure of your strength which your hands coming upon the elbows, over are clasped. As you do this, stretch and tense your rigid. Hold entire body until it becomes or three seconds, as the this position but two lifting a heavy were you effect is as though weight. Relax for a few seconds; then repeat four movements or the effort. Three ^that is, alternate tensing and relaxing of the muscles
many
"

THERE

"

355

OLD
"

AGE

"

ITS

CAUSE

described are sufficient. This exercise "tingling in every will set the blood vein," and, most probably, will be followed at first by perspiration. Commence the exert exercise cautiously; force in the pressure only half your of the folded arms, and gradually increase, as your strength increases. Commence with not more increase slowly than three or four movements; have ten, which until you will be reached
as

sufficient.

85?

357

SingleArm

Pulling Exercise
side,
as

in the preceding hand exercise, clasp one only around in the leg, as the ankle of the upper illustration 'on In this popage. preceding sition, holding full pull with yoiir^ strength, the strain for a few seconds; then relax. Commence ten (that is, movements with alternately tensing and relaxing by the pulling exercise described), cal and increase, as your physito twenty movecondition improves, -five ments.

LYING
upon

your

will find the tension of the shoulder muscles in this effort different from the preceding being across the exercise, the strain This, like the shoulders as well as downward. pulling exercise, is perfectly safe; the muscles into action are those which specially brought make up the "neck yoke" and those immediately around and bracing the shoulder sockets. It is designed to strengthen and generally develop the muscles of the back.

You

358

PulKng

Exercise, for Strengthening the


of the Back
your

Muscles

and

Loins
hands in the Exert

the upper illustration on your full strength in a steady pull; then relax. is,alterCommence (that with ten movements nately few the pulling steadily a seconds upon bent knee and then relaxing the As strain). you gain strength, increase the movements. The tension will come the principally upon back muscles of the shoulders, but this is also an excellent exercise for the development of into brought loin are the action muscles, which by the effort. ment This exercise is perfectly safe, and improvein the muscles so treated is certain, if the and regularly practiced. exercise is systematically
over

LYING
upon

side, clasp your knee, as shown following page.

the position all of these exercises, when is upon the whole series the side, go through for that side before changing the position. I practice in the order of the descriptions and illustrations.

In

C
3

0.

G
a
o

S60

Exercise

for Developing Shoulder

the Back

and

Muscles

this exercise, remain in the same position as that just described 'that is, upon ypur fold^^d across the chest side, with the arms ^bend the head well forward, thus tensing the muscles at the base of the neck, and those it. Exert your full strain upon the surrounding folded arms (the lower part of the body being relaxed); in this position shrug your shoulders This up arid down. action will alternately tense and relax the large muscles of the upper

IN

"

"

of the neck and shoulders. Commence and increase with five movements, to, say, fifteen. This is a very effective exercise, and is without danger of strain.
part

361

b
O

362

Resistance

Exercise

for Developing

the

Fore- Arms

the wrist side, grasp of your lower arm with the upper hand; full strength downward, press with your in the illustr pressure, as resisting with upward

IYING
upon
on

your

that is, alternat exerting and relaxing the pressure the lower wrist; increase as your physical upon condition improves, to ten or fifteen. It is a perfectly safe exercise, and will add to the strength of the fore-arm. This exercise is specially designed for the developm of the fore-arm, but you will find that it brings into action and tenses all the It should be practiced of the arm. muscles both upon tration (See illusthe right and left side. on opposite page.)

Commence

the opposite page. with five movements;

364

Resistance

Exercise
the Arms

for Developing

in the side, as shown illustration on the opposite page, grasp the upper wrist with the lower hand and pull upward with the upper arm, resisting that pull with the downward strain of the lower At each movement, arm. that is, in the alternat strain and relaxation of the muscles, turn the wrist slightly, as it lies in the clasp of In the one the hand. position, the front of the

1YING
upon

your

the palm should meet of the opposing and in the next, the side of the wrist should be presented to it. This slight change, made by the turn of the set wrist, will bring into action another of exermuscles, and if you desire to thoroughly cise do not overlook these the muscular system, trivial changes in position. apparently To ladies endeavoring to improve the symmetry I strongly recommend this of their arms, exercise. Commence with ten movements, and increase, as your physical condition improves, to even the point of fatigtte. Benefit will wrist hand;

surely result.
S65

"01

s
"

"ot

"3
"

Twisting Exercise

for the Development

of the Arms

brings into action all the muscles of the arms, and is exactly like the exercise of fencing, in which the play of the foils necessitates this twisting motion. The benefits of fencing are but well known; is used by the fencer in as only the right arm his amusement is often unduly veloped dethat arm He is, while the left is neglected. therefore, in this respect, usually ill-balanced. In lying upon your side, extend your upper body, as arm at full length, parallel with your in the illustration facing this page. shown Clench your fist tightly, that the muscles may Twist be tensed. arm toward your around far as possible, without venience; inconbody as your

THIS

movement

then

reverse

the

movement.

Commence that with five or ten movements; backward is, twisting the arm dforward, as an directed. This is an excellent exercise for ladies who wish ment to add to the symmetry as improveof their arms, is certain ifthe practice is persistent. It is, understood that both the right arm and of course, in left be the this manner; must exercised otherwise development an will surely result. unequal
'

367

368

Exercise

for Developing

the Triceps

or

Back

Muscles
your

of the Arms

1YING
upon

the

firmly the side, grasp between arm, the elbow and the upper in the position shown in as shoulder, Pull backillustration facing this page. wards

arm, time at the same with the upper ward resisting the pull by the firm grasp and downpliU of the lower hand and arm. Comnience that is, with five movements; alternately pulling and relaxing the strain. I do not know of any gymnasium exercise, appliances, that will so aided by mechanical described. It is speedily develop the muscles
"

safe, simple and very

effective exercise.

369

370

Exercise

for the Hips


your

and

Loins

the upper side throw hip forward, in the illustration. As as do so bend your it arm you and draw back as far as possible. This" action will place an additional tension upon the loin muscles, as

LYING
upon

well as upon the muscles of the contracted arm. Three to five movements Relax and repeat. with, but as you will be sufficient to commence increase in strength, double that number will not fatigue and will be of benefit. This is an excellent and perfectly safe exercise. It will the loin give elasticity to and strengthen It also brings the abdominal muscles muscles. hip into action. The movement of the upper ment with the back moveshould be simultaneous In the picture the lower of the elbow. to be grasping the upper hand is shown arm, but this I no longer practice, as I have found that it interferes with the forward hip movement, far as then not be extended which can free in the exercise. forward as if the hand were It is true that it has a beneficial effect upon the but as arm, of the contracted upper muscles I have practice with the upper said I now free. Practice upon both sides of the body. arm
371

"i
o

"o XI

"

"01

"S.
o

372

Percussion

Exercise

for Strengthening

the

Abdominal

Muscles

and Digestion

Improving

method of exercise is described in the headed "Dyspepsia." There is but pages little to add to that statement. Suffice it, then, to say that it is an excellent exercise, all the and has a very beneficial effect upon digestive organs. Commence with twenty -five quick strokes; increase, as your rant, physical condition will warThe percussion hundred to one or more.

THIS

should be light and rapid: Continue the percussion, both in the tensed and relaxed conditions of the abdominal muscles, in the foregoing exercise; the as produced tension and relaxation being caused by alternately in the raising and lowering the head, as illustration on the opposite page. During intervals of rest, if it is desired to reduce fatty fat, massage and rub the abdominal headed directed upon deposit as the page I have been Obese Abdomen." "Reducing an to extend the body at full length accustomed in the illustration; in this exercise, as shown
373

OLD
but

AGE

"

ITS

CAUSE

by the bedclothes, if you find you impeded are bend the knees, which will raise the covering clear of the abdomen. I strongly recommend this exercise to those suffering from indigestion.

374

J5

a
s

Xi

2
o

8
a

B
"

"Of

C
a
o

875

Bar Exercise
Exercise Number
Muscles

No. 1
of the

1 for the Development of the Arms and Shoulders


across

stout of my inches in diameter and head-board is wide. Lying upon back, I grasp this bar with my both hands, as shown in the illustration on the I employ page. preceding sufficient strength to bring the muscles to full tension, arms of my but not to move the body. The action is similar to that gymnasium exercise known ference as chinning the bar, with the difback. that I lie upon my Chinning the bar is a favorite gymnasium its practice exercise with young athletes, as usually results in very satisfactorily developing the muscles specially called into action; but it comes the heart, and beplaces a great strain upon hazardous exertherefore a somewhat cise as we advance in years. Commence the exercise with five motions; increase gradually, until your conphysical dition daily without twenty-five will warrant fatigue or soreness of the muscles.
376

FIRMLY

attached bed is a

the head-board hickory bar 1| long as the as

OLD

AGE

"

ITS

CAUSE

I weigh, stripped, 140 pounds; the force of the than half of that not raise more pull would but slightly weight, therefore the body moves its position, while the muscles from of the

exercised. and shoulders are thoroughly described is perfectly I have The method be proportioned safe at any age; the pull can to your physical condition and the heart will not be overtaxed.
arms

srr

(U

4)

3
O

B
"

S
o

Bar
Similar
to the

Exercise
but One

Number
Hand
with Is Used

2
the

Foregoing
that

Exercise,

Exception

to stretch the exercise is designed large muscles immediately surrounding, do not and below, the arm pit, which to be so directly seem called into action when The shoulder, in this exercise, using both arms. is raised higher, and the tension upon the described is more decided. See anamuscles tomical plate, facing page 34. Commence ually with five movements and gradincrease to twenty-five, as your physical illustrated on (Exercise condition may warrant.

T^HIS

opposite

page.)

379

380

The

Lifting Board
devised
from in response
to

THIS
"

deathleteg who sired some simple substitute for the ordinary Hfting expensive machine used in gymnasiums in consomething which could be used nection system with this comfortable cises. of exer-

exercise was inquiries many

The to these inquiries is this lifting answer board. It will be found an excellent device for developing the muscles called into action in weight-lifting, but is not necessary to those is simply whose objectin taking up this system health. To the athlete I strongly advocate the A very use this device, but in moderation. .of increase in your weight-lifting ability marked but appear, practice in moderation. will soon This simple but very effective device for exercising the muscles of the shoulders and loins in Imigth by and thighs is a board 15 inches At each end are inserted two 4 inches in width. eyes, to which are attached ropes strong screw in ordinary pulley18 inches long, terminating is covered This board handles. with weight flannel, to prevent a chill to the feet. by the is shown The of its use method
'

S81

OLD
illustration

AGE
on

"

ITS
380;

CAUSE
the

effect is that of the ordinary lifting machine, with the advantage it in is used a that recumbent position, It is the and under cover of the bed-clothes. there is any only exercise I describe in which
page

it is possible to strain the as of injury, muscles of the loins or shoulders, if too great force is exerted; therefore, in commencing the practice, put on the strain gently for a few seconds This ; then alternate tension and relax. relaxation by the lifting movement specially brings into action the muscles of the shoulders, loins and thighs; but it is also an excellent exercise for the whole body. The is very apparatus easily simple and Do use not springs or elastic bands, made. to do, thinking they which you will be tempted improvement. I used them are an and abandoned them in favor of the inflexible ropes. The elasticity of the loin muscles in the' act of lifting will be sufficient, and you will, be better able to determine the amount of lifting I strongly advocate this exercise, strain required. in Commence but with moderation. increasing, as strength five gentle movements, develops, and your

danger

physical condition

may

warrant.

382

To

"Good

Sport"

friend and companion on a many shooting trip ^the happiest days of my long Hfe! Together he and I have ch'mbed the steep quail hills,or waited listening in some the deep vibrant bay of "Peak" rocky canyon-to bugle-like cry with the long-drawn mingUng as, through tangled of "Scout," chaparral, or they "cold trailed" some coyote wandering the sharp, high staccato cat. Then sneaking break in, and the notes of "Nellie" would duet became a trio. The tempo of the wild symphony would quicken, and we scrambled "stands" on the the rocky up ridge to our "high divide." "lain out" in our he and I have Together blankets watching the glint of the stars in the cloudless California sky, while, far up on the

TO

my

"

OLD

AGE

"

ITS

CAUSE

mountain side, the thin, weird wail of some coyote prowHng alone broke the silence. Then, in the as the crest of "Grizzly Peak" reddened the reedy querulous challenge of the rising sun, defiance from sheltering cock quail sounded The near. thickets, far and sighing wind,
the redwoods the pungent of smoke fire ^the pure, clear air of the early the camp is one joy of it all when morning-^-the pulsating with health and living close to Nature. The picture changes: a bevy tered of quail is scatdry hillside. Shot over the brown, and brush beat Dan the short sage cautiously through
"
"

I stop, and stand like statues. the see the of their tense muscles quiver bright, brown a eyes. Then, gleam of Dan's bird in the sharp whir, and -the fastest game the gulch. The world darts like a flash down hanimerless the fleecy goefe to my shoulder feathers drift upon the still air. The picture love but fades, and years never add to my of that life. Al Fischer, crack shot, and on companion found never a shooting trip on which we many too rough, the hills too high, or the the country lightly day too long, may as the years rest
cover.

They

"

"

on

your
on

do

shoulders mine.

at

seventy-two

as

they

San Francisco, January 4th,

SANFORD California,
1912.
384

BENNETT.

Out

for

Oua'l

Shoot"

40

and

72

385

386

In Conclusion

I
at

HAVE
as

now

am

which

described, as fully and clearly by capable of doing, the methods I have my accomplished physical why such a condition as mine, is possible by the system I is no success, question of my

and rejuvenation,
seventy-two,

practice. There the same and I know satisfactory results are one exmy who possible for any will ioUow ample; but will you do so? The majority "That has man some will say, good ideas," and add, "I feel that I do need a methodical I have time system when of exercise, and I may You take this up." might as well say have no time to eat or sleep. You can't you be healthy unless you exercise. Health should be your first consideration. Financial success importance ; and other things are of secondary for with health, strength and elasticity of body crease are the chances of financial success greatly inthese attributes, the. greatest financial success is of but littlevalue. ness busibrain workers" ^our How many of our have sacrificed men and professional men health and happiness by following the paradox, "I am I haven't time to take care too busy
" "

Without

387

OLD

AGE

"

ITS

CAUSE

There is only one health"? result to a of my is life upon these lines an early breakdown have inevitably certain. It is true that many for in exchange great wealth accomplished in that wealth their health, but have spent to their former, regain vainly endeavoring
"

but now wasted, physical vigor. I don't decry financial success. but thing to have; very good
financial success health. Better
will not

Wealth
the

is
for

greatest

ill before it is too late, stop now, yourself strong, for and take the time to make be forced to attend your may otherwise you by funeral, brought own prematurely about lack of muscular activity and other violations Nature. laws of of the too Another often raised is, "I am
compensate

answer. this I have already made my old." If I, a chronic dyspeptic at fifty, with adverse unhereditary favorab and conditions physical and been have able, by environments, I have described, to build the simple methods

To

objection

myself up and to acquire the strength, elasticity but I now possess, of body, and vital energy had in the best days of my never youth, then success. too., can the same you, surely have You now, are not too old. Try it. Commence and you will succeed. "Too trouble" ^that is the much If, by the same of a lazy person. for one year, you could be assured
"

objection
exertions that you

388

AND

PREVENTION

would receive $50,000, you would not think that it the too trouble, but would esteem much opportunity of your life. Yet the health and improved physical condition which would surely from one year's perresult sistent systematic and have I describe practice of the methods for that or could not be purchased any other sum. It is true that to be in the best physical condition does require unremitting but attention; for the reward is the end is worth the means, health, strength, elasticity of body, and longevity ^the real, the greatest, riches in the world. Just as engineers and expert machinists, employed for the intricate machinery to care ing steamship, are forever polishof a great ocean up and looking after the various details have its that they may of that machinery, highest mathe complicated chinery efficiency; so be assiduously body must of the human for, or it will surely deteriora and intelligently cared
"

There is no "royal road to health." It cannot if you would be bought; must possess it you is easy, the work not work for it. But the way hard. As you lie comfortably in-bed to-morrow
one commence the practice of any morning, contractions and relaxations of the muscular have learned I have described, and when you Finally you will have that, take up the next. the whole you system, will which acquired
389

OLD
find
to

AGE
be
an

"

ITS

CAUSE
inexpensive will find all IT NOW."

certain and health. You of acquiring method of the exercises easily learned. "DO Commence to-morrow morning. Yours sincerely.

easy,

390

"I Move

We

Adjourn."

391

As

to

QuestionsThat May

Arise

in entitled "Exercising Bed," I told the story of my physical rejuven described 72, the simple at and by which I have regained my physical means "over three score at years youth and ten." Then I very rashly told the readers of that book that, if they did not clearly understand I described, and the methods write would I would to me, gladly explain any problems I had in the science of getting which -solved The young ag^in. result of that invitation has been such an avalanche of questions that I have been unable to answer a great many letters and must apologize to the writers for lack of good faith. In this new my apparent literary venture intended I had to answer all of those questions, but I find that space As Old Age Its Cause and will not' permit. is already a larger book Prevention I than had intended, I know that I should make good if my promise, but I have not the time, even I had the space. In this dilemma I have decided best thing; to do the next really the best thing, and that is to refer the quesvery tioners

IN

my

first book,

"

to

the

remarkable
392

compilation

of the

OLD

AGE

"

ITS

CAUSE

Physical (editor writings of Bernarr Macfadden Culture Magazine),which, with essays of other the science of recognized authorities upon health, strength, elasticity of body, good digestio of obtaining a and Nature's methods long life, without the use of drugs, constitute Encyclopedia the five volumes of "Macfadden's tion of Physical Culture." For in this valuable collecbe found information answers the will of have been propounded to the questions which to me, as of reliable data well as a vast amount is in the greatest of all sciences. The matter for quick reference. alphabetically arranged It has all been carefully considered by Editor Macfadden, and is invaluable. There has never I may That like it published. been anything
'

littlehelp toward the advancement contribute my health and a long life of the science of drugs, I have made an arrangement without Company with the Physical Culture PubUshing Its that any purchaser of a copy of Old Age Prevention Cause and at the regular retail price of $1.50, shall be given a voucher for that at amount, which will be accepted by them its face value on account of of the purchase Macfadden's Encyclopedia of Physical Culture. In this way the information requested, but failed to furnish, will be obI have tained which in most cases probably and quicker than I could clearly presented will be more if I could have answered the have done, even
"

OLD

AGE

"

ITS

CAUSE

admit have often been fully advice is to read carein getting young own my experiences again at 72, which you will find in Old Age Its Cause Prevention, and then buy Macfadden's Encyclopedia, own case, your read up drugs, be your own doctor, don't use any more thanks for "giving you the your and send me questions, which I must "beyond My my pen."
"

tip."

Use

the big books

as

warehouse

information, valuable commence you surely need when body, care of your of the science of taking drugs, by without rational methods and ment investdruggists, or drug store doctors. The I advise is the best you can make. format have I might the intime to give you not possibly I couldn't required, and do it if I wanted to, but you are sure pretty to find it in that of information. warehouse kindest wishes for your have my You success in the art of getting young again and I would have Anyhow, I like to hear you succeeded. am positive you will be greatly benefited if you advice in the matter. will take my Sincerely yours.

liable of reyou will which the study

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