GPS

GLOBAL POSITION SYSTEM 4.1 Introduction

The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a space-based satellite navigation system that provides location and time information in all weather conditions, anywhere on or near the Earth where there is an unobstructed line of sight to four or more GPS satellites. Each GPS satellite transmits radio signals that enable the GPS receivers to calculate where its (or your vehicles) location on the Earth and convert the calculations into geodetic latitude, longitude and velocity. A receiver needs signals from at least three GPS satellites to pinpoint your vehicles position. GPS Receivers commonly used in most Vehicle tracking systems can only receive data from GPS Satellites. They cannot communicate back with GPS or any other satellite. A system based on GPS can only calculate its location but cannot send it to central control room. In order to do this they normally use GSM-GPRS Cellular networks connectivity using additional GSM modem/module. In this project we use GPS-634R is a highly integrated smart GPS module with a ceramic GPS patch antenna. The antenna is connected to the module via an LNA. The module is with 51 channel acquisition engine and 14 channel track engine, which be capable of receiving signals from up to 65 GPS satellites and transferring them into the precise position and timing information that can be read over either UART port or RS232 serial port. Small size and high-end GPS functionality are at low power consumption, Both of the LVTTL level and RS232 signal interface are provided on the interface connector, supply voltage of 3.6V~6.0V is supported. The smart GPS antenna module is available as an off-the-shelf component, 100% tested. The smart GPS antenna module can be offered for OEM applications with the versatile adaptation in form and connection. Additionally, the antenna can be tuned to the final systems circumstances. There are three types GPS of start - hot, warm and cold. The hot start is when the GPS device remembers its last calculated position and the satellites in view, the almanac used (information about all the satellites in the constellation), the UTC Time and makes an attempt to lock onto the same satellites and calculate a new position based upon the previous information. This is the quickest GPS lock but it only works if you are generally in the same location as you were when the GPS was last turned off.

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The warm start is when the GPS device remembers its last calculated position, almanac used, and UTC Time, but not which satellites were in view. It then performs a reset and attempts to obtain the satellite signals and calculates a new position. The receiver has a general idea of which satellites to look for because it knows its last position and the almanac data helps identify which satellites are visible in the sky. This takes longer than a hot start but not as long as a cold start. And finally the cold start is when the GPS device dumps all the information, attempts to locate satellites and then calculates a GPS lock. This takes the longest because there is no known information. The GPS receiver has to attempt to lock onto a satellite signal from any available satellites, basically like polling, which takes a lot longer than knowing which satellites to look for. This GPS lock takes the longest.

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4.2 FEATURES
65 channels to acquire and track satellites simultaneously Tracking sensitivity reaches -161 dBm 0.5 PPM TCXO for quick cold start Integral LNA with low power control Cold start _ 29 sec under clear Sky Hot start _ 1 sec under clear Sky Accuracy 5m CEP Operable at 3.6V-6V Both of RS232 and UART interface at CMOS level Small form factor of 32 mm W x 32 mm Lx 8 mm H Mountable without solder process 6 pins wafer connector

4.3 PIN CONFIGURATION

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4.4 General specifications

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4.5 Communication Specification

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4.6 NMEA Protocol

The serial interface protocol is based on the National Marine Electronics Associations NMEA 0183 ASCII interface specification. The NMEA 0183 standard uses a simple ASCII, serial communication protocol that defines how data are transmitted in a "sentence" from one "talker" to multiple "listeners" at a time. Application Protocol Layer rules:

Each message's starting character is a dollar sign. The next five characters identify the talker (two characters) and the type of message (three characters). All data fields that follow are comma-delimited. Where data is unavailable, the corresponding field remains blank The first character that immediately follows the last data field character is an asterisk, but it is only included if a checksum is supplied. The asterisk is immediately followed by a checksum represented as a twodigit hexadecimal number. The checksum is the bitwise exclusive OR of ASCII codes of all characters between the $and *. According to the official specification, the checksum is optional for most data sentences, but is compulsory for RMA, RMB, and RMC (among others). <CR><LF> ends the message.

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4.6.1 GGA-GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM FIX DATA Time, position and fix related data for a GPS receiver. Structure: $GPGGA,hhmmss.sss,ddmm.mmmm,a,dddmm.mmmm,a,x,xx,x.x,x.x,M,x.x,M,x.x,xxxx* hh<CR><LF> 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

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4.6.2 GLL - LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE, WITH TIME OF POSITION FIX AND STATUS Latitude and longitude of current position, time, and status. Structure: $GPGLL,ddmm.mmmm,a,dddmm.mmmm,a,hhmmss.sss,A,a*hh<CR><LF> 12345678 Example: $GPGLL,4250.5589,S,14718.5084,E,092204.999,A,A*2D<CR><LF>

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4.6.3 GSA - GPS DOP AND ACTIVE SATELLITES GPS receiver operating mode, satellites used in the navigation solution reported by the GGA or GNS sentence and DOP values. Structure: $GPGSA,A,x,xx,xx,xx,xx,xx,xx,xx,xx,xx,xx,xx,xx,x.x,x.x,x.x*hh<CR><LF> 123333333333334567 Example: $GPGSA,A,3,01,20,19,13,,,,,,,,,40.4,24.4,32.2*0A<CR><LF>

Vehicle Tracking System