S Gio Dc V o To Qung Nam Trng THPT L Qu n

BI TP TH TCH KHI A DIN

GIO VIN : TRNG QUANG THNH T : Ton - Tin Trng THPT L Qu n

Trong chng trnh gio dc ph thng th mn ton c nhiu hc sinh yu thch v say m, nhng ni n phn mn hnh hc th li mang nhiu kh khn v tr ngi cho khng t hc sinh, thm tr ta c th dng t S hc.c bit l hnh hc khng gian tng hp. y l phn c trong cu trc thi cao ng v i hc v thng xuyn xut hin trong cc thi tuyn chn hc sinh gii v kin thc phn ny yu cu hc sinh phi t duy cao,kh nng phn tch tng hp v tng tng m mt ch im ca quan trng ca hnh hc khng gian tng hp l tnh th tch khi a din. Nhm gip hc sinh vt qua kh khn v tr ngi v ngy cng yu thch v hc ton hn yu cu cc thy c chng ta phi c nhiu tm huyt ging dy v nghin cu .Qua thc t ging dy ti c cht kinh nghim ging dy phn ny mong c chia s cng cc thy c ng nghip v nhng ngi yu thch mn ton. I )TNH TH TCH KHI A DIN THEO CNG THC Vic p dng cng thc thng thng yu cu a) xc nh ng cao b) tnh di ng cao v din tch mt y xc nh ng cao ta lu

Hnh chp u c chn ng cao trng vi tm ca y. Hnh chp c cc cnh bn bng nhau th chn ng cao trng vi tm ng trn ngoi tip
mt y.

Hnh chp c cc mt bn cng to vi y nhng gc bng nhau th chn ng cao chnh l

tm ng trn ni tip mt y.

Hnh chp c mt mt bn vung gc vi y th

phng v y.

chn ng cao nm trn giao tuyn ca mt

Hnh chp c hai mt bn cng vung gc vi y th ng cao nm trn giao tuyn ca hai
mp

 tnh di ng cao v din tch mt y cn lu

Cc h thc lng trong tam gic c bit l h thc lng trong tam gic vung. Cc khi nim v gc, khong cch v cch xc nh.
Sau y l cc bi tp Bi1 Chp tam gic u SABC c y l tam gic u cnh bng a, cc cnh bn to vi y mt gc 600.Hy tnh th tch ca khi chp . Bi gii Gi D l trung im ca BC v E l tm y
S

A B E D

Khi AE= 3 AD=

2

a 3 3

Ta c SAD=600 nn SE=AE.tan600=a SABC=

a2 3 4

Do VSABC= 3 SE.SABC=

a3 3 12

BI 2: Cho hnh chp tam gic SABC c SA=5a,BC=6a,CA=7a. Cc mt bn SAB,SBC,SCA cng to vi y mt gc 600.Tnh th tch ca khi chp Bi gii Ta c hnh chiu ca nh S trng tm D ng trn ni tip y

Ta c

p=

AB + BC + CA =9a 2
S p

Nn SABC=
2 6

p ( p a )( p b)( p c )

=6a2.

mt khc SABC=pr r= trong SDK c

1

=3a

SD=KDtan600 = r.tan600= 2a.

3

Do VSABC= 3 SD.SABC=8a3.
S

A D k

Bi 3 Cho hnh chp SABC c cc cnh bn bng nhau cng hp vi y gc 600, y l tam gic cn AB=AC=a v BAC=1200 .Tnh th tch khi chp . Bi gii
S

A O B

Gi D l trung BC v O l tm ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC C SO chnh l ng cao SABC=1/2.AB.AC.sin1200=
a2 3 4

v BC=2BD=2.ABsin600=a.

OA=R=

a.b.c 4s

=a SO=OA.tan600=a.
1

Do vy VSABC= 3 SO.SABC=1/4a3.

Bi 4 Cho hnh chp SABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh 2a,SA=a, SB=a
3

v mpSAB vung

gc vi mt y. Gi M,N ln lt l trung im ca AB,BC. Hy tnh th tch khi chp SBMDN. Bi gii

S

A H M

H SH AB ti H th SH chnh l ng cao SADM=1/2AD.AM=a2 SCDN=1/2.CD.CN=.a2 Nn SBMDN=SABCD-SADM-SCDN=4a2 -2a2=2a2. mt khc do

1 1 1 SA 2 .SB 2 a 3 = + SH= 2 2 2 2 2 = 2 SH SA SB SA + SB

VSBMDN= 3 .SH.SBMDN=

a3 3 3

Bi 5

Cho hnh chp S.ABCD, y ABCD l hnh thang vung ti A,D; AB=AD=2a,CD=a. Gc gia hai mpSBC v ABCD bng 600. Gi I l trung im ca AD, Bit hai mp SBI,SCI cng vung gc vi mpABCD. Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABCD. Bi gii
S

Gi H trung im l ca I ln BC, J l trung im AB. Ta c SI mpABCD IC= IB=

ID 2 + DC 2

=a =a

2
5

IA 2 + AB 2

BC=

CJ 2 + JB 2

=a

SABCD=1/2AD(AB+CD)=3a2
3a SIBA=1/2.IA.AB=a2 v SCDI=1/2.DC.DI=1/2 SIBC=SABCD-SIAB-SDIC=
2

mt khc SIBC= 2 .IH.BC nn IH = SI=IH.tan600=

9. 3 a. 5

2 S IBC 3 3 = a BC 5

Do VABCD= 3 SI.SABCD= Bi 6

3 15 5

a3

Cho chp SABC c SA=SB=SC=a, ASB= 600, CSB=900, CSA=1200 CMR tam gic ABC vung ri tnh th tch chp. Bi gii

E D

Gi E,D ln lt l AC,BC

SAB u AB=a, SBC Vung BC=a. 2 SAC c AE=SA.sin600=

a 3 2

AC=a

3 v

SE=SAcos600= 2 a.

ABC c AC2=BA2+BC2 =3a2 vy ABC vung ti B

C SABC= 2 .BA.BC=

a2 2

SBE c BE=

1 2

AC=

a 3 2

SB2=BE2+SE2=a2 nn BE SE AC SE Do SE chnh l ng cao VSABC= 3 SE.SABC= Bi 7 Cho khi lng tr ng ABC.A1B1C1 c y l tam gic vung ti A,AC=a, ACB=600 ng thng BC1 to vi mp(A1ACC1)mt gc 300.Tnh th tch khi lng tr. Bi gii
1
2 3 a 12

A1

B1

C1

Trong tam gic ABC c AB=AC.tan600=a AB AC v AB A1A

Nn AB mp(ACC1A) do AC1B=300 v AC1=AB.cot300=3a. .D pitago cho tam gic Do vy VLT=CC1.SABC= 2a Bi 8 Cho khi tr tam gic ABCA1B1C1 c y l tam gic u cnh a, im A1 cch u ba im A,B.C,cnh bn A1A to vi mp y mt gc 600.Hy tnh th tch khi tr . Bi gii
A1 B1

ACC1 :
2

CC1= AC1 2 AC 2 =2a

3 =a3. 6

. 2 .a.a

C1

A I C G H

Ta c

tam gic ABC u cnh a nn SABC=

a2 3 4

mt khc A1A= A1B= A1C

A1ABC l t din u

gi G l trng tm tam gic ABC c A1G l ng cao

Trong tam gic A1AG c AG=2/3AH= A1G=AG.tan600=a. Bi 9

a 3 3

v A1AG=600

vy VLT=A1G.SABC=

a3. 3 4

Cho khi tr tam gic ABCA1B1C1 c y l ABC l tam gic vung cn vi cnh huyn AB=
2

.Cho bit mpABB1vung gc vi y,A1A=

3 ,Gc

A1AB nhn, gc gia mpA1AC v

y bng 600. hy tnh th tch tr. Bi gii Tam gic ABC c cnh huyn AB= SABC=1/2.CA.CA=1/2. . MpABB1vung gc vi ABC t A1 h A1G AB ti G. A1G chnh l ng cao T G h GH AC ti H Gt gc A1HG=600
2

v cn nn CA=CB=1;

t AH=x(x>0) Do AHG vung cn ti H nn HG=x v AG=x

HGA1 c A1G=HG.tan600=x. A1AG c
3

A1A2=AG2+A1G2 3=2x2+3x2 hay x= vy VLT=A1G.SABC=

3 5 10

15 5

Do A1G=

3 5 5

A1

B1

C1

A H

Bi 10 Cho khi hp ABCD.A1B1C1D1 c y l hcn vi AB=

3

v AD=

. Cc mt bn ABB1A1 v

A1D1DA ln lt to vi y nhng gc 450 v 600. Hy tnh th tch khi hp bit cnh bn bng 1.

gii
A1 F B1

D1

C1

N M H

Gi H l hnh chiu ca A1 ln mpABCD T H h HM AD ti M v HN AB ti N

Theo gt A1MH=600 v A1NH=450 t A1H=x(x>0) ta c A1M=

2x x 0 = 3 sin 60

t gic AMHN l hcn( gc A,M,N vung) Nn HN=AM m AM=

AA12 A1 M
2

3 4x 2 3

Mt khc Suy ra

trong tam gic A1HN c HN=x.cot450 x =

3 4x 2 3

hay x=

3 7

vy VHH=AB.AD.x= 3.

II ) TNH GIN TIP Ngha l ta s dng phn chia lp ghp khi a din, a v bi ton p dng tnh th tch theo cng thc hoc dng bi ton tnh t l hai khi t din(chp tam gic) Cho hnh chp SABC. Trn cc on thng SA,SB,SC ly ln lt ba im A1,B1,C1 khc vi

S th

V A1B1C11 V ABC

SA1 SB1 SC1 SA SB SC

Chng minh bi ton T s th tch hai khi t din(chp tam gic)

A A1

B B1 S

C1

Gi H,E ln lt l hnh chiu ca A,A1 trn mpSBC

AH / / A1E nn SAH v SA1E ng dng
AH SA = A1 E SA1

Khi

1 VSABC= 3

1 AH.SSBC= 3 1 3

AH.SB.SC.sinBSC.
1 3

VSA 1 B 1 C 1 =

A1E.SSB 1 C 1 =

A1E.SB1.SC1.sinBSC.

Do vy

1 . AH .SB.SC. sin BSC VSABC AH SB SC = 3 = . . 1 VSA1B1C1 A1 E SB1 SC1 . A1 E.SB1 .SC1 . sin BSC 3

Nn Bi 1

V A1B1C11 V ABC

SA1 SB1 SC1 SA SB SC

Cho hnh chp SABC c SA=a,SB=2a,SC=3a v BSA=600, ASC=1200, CSB=900. Hy tnh th tch chp Bi gii Nhn xt cc mt y khng c cc lu nn vic xc nh ng cao l kh nhng ta thy

cc gc nh S l rt quen thuc. Ta lin tng n bi 6 phn I Vy ta c li gii sau

C1 A S B1 B

Trn SB ly B1 Sao cho SB1=a, Trn SC ly C1 sao cho SC1=a, Ta c M

VSAB1C1 = a3. 2 12

(theo bi 6)

V SABC =

3 SA SB SC . . .V SAB1C1 . = a . 2 SA SB1 SC1 2

Bi 2 : Cho khi tr tam gic ABCA1B1C1 c y l tam gic u cnh a. A1A =2a v A1A to vi mpABC mt gc 600. Tnh th tch khi t din A1B1CA. gii
A1 C1

B1

C H K B

Gi H l hnh chiu ca A1 trn mpABC Khi A1H=A1A.sinA1AH=2a.sin600=a. M VLT=A1H.SABC= a.

3. a 2 . 3 3a 3 = 4 4
3

nhn thy khi lng tr c chia lm ba khi chp

1 khi chp CA1B1C1 c VCA B C = 3 VLT
1 1 1

1 khi chp B1ABC c V B ABC = 3 VLT

1

1 a Khi chp A1B1CA do V A B AC = 3 VLT =

1 1

Bi 3 :Cho khi hp ch nht ABCD.A1B1C1D1 c AB=a,A1A=c,BC=b. Gi E,F ln lt l trung im ca B1C1 v C1D1. Mt phng FEA chia khi hp thnh hai phn. hy tnh t s th tch hai khi a din Bi gii

DDF
A D

A1 H F

D1

B1

C1

Mp(FEA) ct cc on thng A1D1,A1B1,B1B,D1D ln lt ti J,I,H,K(hv) Gi V1,V2 ln lt l th tch phn trn v phn di mp Ta nhn thy rng hai phn khi a din cha phi khi hnh quen thuc nhng khi ghp thm hai phn chp HIEB1 v chp KFJD1 th phn di l hnh chp AIJA1 Ba tam gic IEB1,EFC1,FJD1 bng nhau c.g.c
1 1 Theo TA-LET AA = IA = 3 V 1 1

HB

IB

KD1 JD1 1 = = AA1 JA1 3

1 1 1 a b c abc V HIEB1 = .HB1 .B1 E.B1 I = . . . . = = V KFJD1 3 3 2 2 2 3 72 1 1 1 1 3a 3b 3abc V AAJ JI = . AA1 . . AI .JA = . . . .c = 3 2 3 2 2 2 8

V1= V AA

JI

-2. V HIEB =
1

3abc abc 25abc 2. = 8 72 72

V2= Vhh-V1=

47 abc 72

1 do vy V = 47 2

25

III) BI TON N TP

Sau khi trang b phn phng php nh vy ta cng gip hc sinh a ra cch gii mt bi ton linh hot bng c hai phng php hc sinh so snh i chiu la chn v a ra bi tp mc tng hp Bi 1 Cho khi lng tr ng ABC.A1B1C1 c tt c cc cnh u bng a. a) hy tnh th tch khi t din A1BB1C. b) Mp i qua A1B1v trng tm tamgic ABC ct AC,BC ln lt ti E,F. Hy tnh th tch chp C.A1B1FE. Gii a) Cch 1 tnh trc tip gi H l trung im B1C1 suy ra Vtd=
A

1 1 a. 3 a 2 a3. 3 . A1 H .S BCB1 = . . = 3 3 2 2 12

A1 H

C1

B1

Tng t gi K l trung im AB Cch 2

1 VCA1B1C1 =V A1 ABC = .V LT 3
1 1 a2. 3 a3. 3 V BCA1B1 = .V LT = .a. = 3 3 4 12

Nn

b) cch 1 Tnh trc tip gi Q l trung im ca A1B1,G l trng tm tam gic ABC Khi qua G k d // vi AB th E=AC d v F=BC d MpCKQ chnh l mp trung trc ca AB,FE Nn khong cch t C n QG chnh l khong cch t C n mpA1B1FE Ta c
CK = a 3 a 3 , GK = QG = 2 6 KQ 2 + KG 2 = a 2 + a2 13 = a. 12 12

S CQG =

2 2 1 1 a. 3 a2. 3 S CQK = . .CK .QK = .a. = 3 3 2 3 2 6

S CQG =

Mt khc

2.S CQG 1 2a 2 3 13 2a 13 .QG.d (C , QG ) d (C , QG ) = = . = 2 QG 6 13 a 12

1 1 2a 13 1 3a 13 5a 3 . 3 VC . FEA1B1 = .d (C , QG ).S FEA1B1 = . . .(a + ).a. = 3 3 13 2 2 12 54

Cch 2 dng gin tip (s dng bi ton t l th tch )

E G K F B C2

A1 Q B1

C1

VCFEA1B1 = 2VCGQB1 = 2.

CG CF 2 2 1 1 a. 3 a 2 a3. 3 . VCKQB1B = 2. . . . . = CK CB 3 3 3 2 2 2 54

Bi 2 :Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hcn,AB=a,AD=a

3 ,SA=2a

v SA ABCD,

Mt mp i qua A v vung gc vi SC,ct SB,SC,SD ln lt ti H,I,K. Hy tnh th tch khi chp S.AHIK theo a Bi gii Cch 1 tnh trc tip Ta c
AC 2 = AD 2 + CD 2 = 3a 2 + a 2 = 4a 2 AC = 2a

Nn

SAC

cn ti A m AI SC nn I l trung im SC

AI=SI=

1 2a 2 SC = = a. 2 2 2

BC AB, BC SA( SA ABCD ) BC SAB

AH SC

cho nn ABC
SA.BA SA + AB
2 2

1 1 1 = + AH = 2 2 AH AB AS 2

2a 5

Trong tam gic vung HAI c

HI =

AI 2 AH 2 = 2a 2

4a 2 a 6 = 5 5

Tng t ta c

AK=

a 14 7

1 1 1 1 1 V SAHIK = VSIHA +V SIKA = .SI . . AH .HI + .SI . AK .KI = SI .( AH .HI + AK .KI ) 3 2 3 2 6 3 1 2a a 6 2a 3 a 14 8a . 3 VSAHIK = .a 2 ( . + . )= 6 7 35 5 5 7

Cch 2 tnh gin tip Tng t nh cc 1 ta ch lp lun AH SB, AK SD

VSAHI = SH .SI 1 SA 2 1 4a 2 1 4a 3 . 3 .VSABC = . . V = . .. . 2 a . a . 3 = SABC SB.SC. 2 SB 2 2 5a 2 3 35
= 4a 3 . 3 35

Tng t VSAIK Do VSAHIK= Bi 3

8a 3 . 3 35

Cho hai ng thng cho nhau x v y. ly on thng AB c di a trt trn x, on thng CD c di b trt trn y. CMR VABCD khng i gii nhn xt cc yu t khng i a,b,gc v khong cch gia hai ng thng x v y t (x,y)= v d(x,y)=d

Ta dng hnh lng tr ABF.CED nh (hv) Khi d=d(x,y)=d(AB,CD)=d(AB,CDE)=d(B,CDE) hay d chnh l chiu cao lng tr VLT= d.SCDE=d. 2 CD .CE.sin = 2 d.b.a.sin mt khc Khi lng tr c ghp t 3 khi t din gm T din BCDE c VBCDE= 3 .d(B,CDE).SCDE= 3 .VLT T din BACD v BAFD c th tch bng nhau
1 1 1 1

Do vy

VABCD= 3 .VLT= 6 .d.a.b.sin = hng s

A F E

C D

l Cch 2 Dng hnh hp, cch 3 dng hbh Nh hai hv sau

B D

G C E

E B

Bi 4 Bi ton th tch lin quan n cc tr Cho hnh chp S.ABCD,SA l ng cao,y l hcn vi SA=a,AB=b, AD=c. Trong mpSDB ly G l trng tm tam gic SDB qua G k ng thng d ct cnh BS ti M, ct cnh SD ti N,mpAMN ct SC ti K . Xc nh M thuc SB sao cho VSAMKN t gi tr ln nht v nh nht, Hy tm gi tr ln nht v nh nht

Bi gii
S

M A

K G N D

Gi O L tm hcn ABCD Ta c SG= 3 .SO v K=A G SC v K l trung im SC

2

VSMAK SM SA SK 1 SM 1 SM 1 SM = . . V SMAK = . .VSBAC = . .VSABCD = .a.b.c VSBAC SB SA SC 2 SB 4 SB 12 SB

Tng t Do

VSNAK =

1 SN . .a.b.c 12 SC

VSAMKN

1 SM SN .( + ).a.b.c 12 SB SC

H M G N D O

Trong mpSBD

S SMN S S SM SN S SMG + S SGN SG.SM SG.SN = . = = SGM + SGN = + S SBD SB SC 2 S SBO 2 S SBO 2 S SOD 2.SO.SB 2.SO.SC SM .SN 1 SM SN = ( + ) SB.SC 3 SB SC

Do M,N ln lt nm trn cnh SB,SD nn

SB 1 SM SM SB 1 2 2 SB

t t=

SM SN

1 t 1 2

) th

t.

SN 1 SN SN t = (t + ) = SC 3 SC SC 3t 1

Nhn thy VSAMKN t GTLN,GTNN nu f(t)= Ta c f (t ) = 1 (3t 1) 2 Nn

f (t ) = 0 t =
1 = 9t 2 6t (3t 1) 2

SM SN t + =t+ SB SC 3t 1

vi

1 t 1 2

2 ,t = 0 3

(loi)

f(1/2)=3/2 , f(1)=3/2 f(2/3)=4/3 do vy VSAMKN = VSAMKN =

abc 8 abc 9

l GTLN khi M l trung im SB hoc M trng vi B l GTNN khi MB chim 1 phn SB

III. BI TP T GII Bi 1 Cho tam gic ABC vung cn A v AB=a. Trn ng thngqua C v vung gc vi mp(ABC) ly im D sao cho CD=a. Mt phng qua C vung gc vi BD,ct BD ti F v ct AD ti E. tnh th tch khi t din CDEF. Bi 2 cho hnh chp S.ABC c tam gic ABC vung ti C,AC=a,AB=2a,SA vung gc vi y.Gc gia mpSAB v mpSBC bng 600. Gi H,K ln lt l hnh chiu ca A ln SB,SC. Chng minh rng SA vung KH v tnh th tch khi chp S.ABC Bi 3 Cho hnh chp u S.ABC cnh y bng a, Hy tnh th tch khi chp S.ABC bit a) MpSBA vung gc vi mpSCA b) Gi M,N ln lt l trung im SA,SC v mpBMN vung gc mpSAC

Bi 4 Cho khi lng tr ABC.A1B1C1 c BB1=a. Gc gia ng thng BB1v mpABC bng 600. Tam gic ABC vung ti C v gc BAC bng 600. Hnh chiu vung gc ca im B1 ln mpABC trng vi trng tm tam gic ABC, tnh th tch khi t din A1ABC theo a Bi 5 Cho khi lng tr u ABC.A1B1C1 c cnh y bng a,khong cch t tm O ca tam
a 6

gic ABC n mpA1BC bng

.hy tnh th tch khi tr

Bi 6 Cho khi lng tr ng ABC.A1B1C1 c y ABC l tam gic cn ti A,gc gia A1A v BC1 bng 300, khong cch gia chng bng a. Gc gia hai mt bn qua A1A bng 600. hy tnh th tch khi tr Bi 7 Cho lng tr xin ABC.A1B1C1 c y ABC l tam gic vung ti A,AB=a,BC=2a. Mt bnABB1A1 l hnh thoi nm trong mp vung gc vi y v hp vi mt bn mt gc . hy tnh th tch khi lng tr. Bi 8 cho hnh chp t gic u S.ABCD c cnh y bng a, cnh bn hp vi y gc 600, gi M l im i xng vi C qua D. N l trung im SC.mpBMN chia khi S.ABCD thnh hai phn. Hy tnh t s th tch ca hai phn Bi 9 cho hnh hp ch nht ABCD.A1B1C1D1 c AB=a,BC=2a,A1A=a,M thuc on AD sao cho AM=3MD.Hy tnh th tch khi t din MAB1C1, Bi 10 Cho hlp ABCD.A1B1C1D1 c cnh a, im K thuc CC1 sao cho CK=2/3.a.Mt phng (P) qua A,K v song song vi BD chia khi lp phng thnh hai phn. Tnh t s th tch hai phn . Bi 11 Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y l hnh thang vung ti Av D. Tam gic SAD l tam gic u cnh 2a, cnh BC =3a. Cc mt bn to vi y cc gc bng nhau. Hy tnh th tch khi chp. Bi 12 Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y l hnh thang vi cc cnh AB=BC=CD=1/2.AD

Tam gic SBD vung nm trong mp vung gc vi y v c cc cnh gc vung l SB=8a,SD=15a. hy tnh th tch khi chp Bi 13 Cho t din ABCD c tam gic ABC,ABD l hai tam gic u cnh a,mpADC vung gc mpBCD. Tnh VABCD. Bi 14 Cho t din ABCD, cc im M,N,P ln lt BC,BD,AC sao cho BC=4BM, BD=2BN,AC=3AP. MpMNP chia t din lm hai phn tnh t s th tch hai phn . Bi 15 Cho khi lng tr ABC.A1B1C1 c cc mt bn (A1AB),(A1BC),(A1CA) hp vi y (ABC) gc 600,gcACB=600,AB=a
7

,AC=2a. tnh VLT.

Bi 16 Cho hlp ABCD.A1B1C1D1 c cnh a.Gi M,N,P ln lt thuc cc on A1A,BC,CD sao cho A1A=3A1M,BC=3BN,CD=3DP.MpMNP chia khi lp phng lm hai phn. tnh th tch tng phn. Bi 17 Cho t din ABCD.Gi M l trung im DA.Cc im N,P thuc BD sao cho BN=NP=PD.Hy tnh t s th tch ca hai phn t din ct bi a) mp qua MN v song song vi trung tuyn AI ca tam gic ABC b) mp qua MP v song song vi AI c) mp qua MN song song vi trung tuyn CE ca tam gic ABC Bi 18 Cho t din ABCD c AB=BD=AC=CD=
3,

Cnh BC=x, khong cch gia BC v AD

bng y.Tnh VABCD theo x v y,tm x,y VABCD t gi tr Max,min.

Ba 19 Trong mp(P) cho hnh vung ABCD c cnh AB=a, tia Ax v tia Cy cng vung gc vi mp(P) v cng thuc na mp b AC. Ly im M bt k thuc tia Ax v chn im N thuc tia Cy sao cho mpBDM vung gc vi mpBDN a) Tnh AM.CN theo a. b) Xc nh v tr ca im M th tch khi t din BDMN t min. Bi 20 Hai na ng thng Am,Bn vung gc vi nhau v nhn AB=a lm on vung gc chung. Cc im M,N ln lt chuyn ng trn Am,Bn sao cho MN=AM+BN. a) CMR VABMN khng i, tnh gi tr b) Goi O l trung im AB,H l hnh chiu ca O trn MN. CMR V
V HOAM
HOBN

MH NH

....HT...