CIENCIA DE LOS YAJAS

SCIENCE OF YAJAS
DOCUMENTOS:
http://www.scribd.com/doc/22572717/Ciencia-de-los-Yajnas
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Version 06, Noviembre 18 de 2009.

1.- Chemistry of Agnihotra. Ish Narang. 2.- The Integrated Science of Yagna. Shriram Sharma Acharya. 3.- Scientific Aspects of Yagna Environmental Effects. Published by Akhand Jyoti. 4.- Yagyopathy: Applications of Yajna for Healing .
Published by Akhandjyoti Magazine 2003 May June 2003

5.- Science of Yaja. From, Form and Spirit of Vedic Ritual

Worship: Procedure Of Yagya . By Pandit Shriram Sharma Acharya.

6.- FUMIGATING SUBSTANCES. THEIR ANALYSES. From: Agnihotra, by Satya Prakash. 7.- Agnihotra: Brief Remarks from Combustion Sciences. . By Harish Chandra.
8.- Agnihotra and Microbes, A Laboratory Experience. Dr. Arvind D. Mondkar M.Sc; Ph.D. 9.- Agnihotra Ash and Water Soluble Phosphates. Dr. Tung Ming Lai, Denver, Colorado. 10.- Agnihotra and Grapes. Dr. B. G. Bhujbal, Research Officer Maharashtra State Grape Growers' Association, Poona, India. 11.- Agricultural Experience with Vanilla Plants. Abhay Mutalikdesai, Karnatak, India.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

CHEMISTRY OF AGNIHOTRA
By Ish Narang
Based in a Presentation in: http://search.vadlo.com/b/q?rel=2&keys=ISHS+presentation+Powerpoints

What is Agnihotra

Agnihotra is one of the five great duties (panchamahayajna) of every householder. A daily ritual to be performed by every Arya twice a day. An integral part of the Indian tradition All the 16 Sanskaras prescribed in our life start with it Every marriage ceremony includes Agnihotra It is also called by the names of Deva Yajna, havana and homa. The last word homa is interesting .It sounds similar to the word home in the English language.

Could it be that a house is worthy to be called home only if homa is performed therein everyday?

THE IMPORTANCE OF FIRE

Fire stands for all forms of Energy On this earth, sun- prime source of energy Life without fire or energy is unthinkable All the technical gadgets,transportation systems,even house hold cooking need fire or other forms of energy Thus in the faculty of the material sciences ability to generate fire at will must have been the foremost invention of our seers long ago Rig veda Starts with the Word AGNI The very first word of the Rig veda, the very first book in the library of the mankind is Agni, meaning fire, in addition to many other things. Agnimile purohitam

AGNIHOTRA - multi-dimensionally useful affair

1. Spiritual Dimensions 2. Scientific Dimensions

AGNIHOTRA - a multi-dimensionally useful affair..

Spiritual Dimensions
a spiritually enlightening experience performed in a group - becomes a family /community affair -strengthening the bond of love & affection among Participants recitation of Mantras has preserved the texts of Vedas praying to God brings humility and helps get rid of selfishness and Vanity

Spiritual Dimensions Yajna..

The word Yajna - derived from the root yaj - stands for devapuja, sangatikarana & danesu. devapuja- Yajna is a karma that should be in due honor of devas, both sentient and insentient, sangatikarana -an assembly of noble souls, and danesu.- in the nature of sacrifice.

SpiritualAgnihotra.. truly Yajna

First, it is for cleansing of air, a devata of insentient ( Jarh ) nature. enhances the effectiveness of the herbal substances (that are also devatas in nature) multifold. -Devpuja

Two-group activity- a number of people with a positive frame of mind and intellect assemble. (Sangatikaran ) Three- amounts to making a sacrifice from a personal point of view- Idam na mum The benefits would be obtained by all The oblations of many valuable substances offered into the fire -- sacrifice. ( Daneshu ) The Verses are chanted with the endings of idam na mama i.e. this is not mine. This reinforces in mind that all our material possessions are actually not ours but are merely for the purpose of transfer and diffusion to others.

Scientific Dimensions
Cleans air - within and outside the Room Most ancient science to fight air pollution Fire breaks up the substances into vapor/ gaseous phase,( Sublimation) - Producing buoyancy and other aerodynamic effects - a mechanism to clean indoor outdoor air

Agnihotra and combustion science

Essentials of Combustion Combustion is said to occur if a fuel is oxidized (generally by the atmospheric oxygen) giving rise to thermal energy Thermal heat is produced that was inherent in the particular fuel. Some fuels like fossil fuels petrol ,coal etc release much more energy than others

Combustion..Fossil Fuels
Thermal energy -called Calorific Value- of fossil fuels is in the range of 10,000 calories / gram of fuel, Upon combustion of such fuels the final temperatures may be as high as 2500 degree Celsius

Combustion cellulose materials

Fuels such as cellulose materials & wood have smaller calorific values. Typical firewood - calorific value around 3000 calories / gram of fuel about one-third of the hydrocarbon fuels. Upon combustion, maximum temperatures may be in the range of 800 1200 degree Celsius.

Comparison between Coal & Wood S No 1 2 Substances Carbon Hydrogen Wood 48.51% 6% Coal 82% 5%

3 4 Source

Oxygen Nitrogen Yajna Vimarsh

43% .4to .1% Dr Ram

12% 1% Prakash

Types of wood for Homa

Dayanand Saraswati has mentioned certain types of wood to be used in Homa : Chandan Sandalwood (Santalum album ) Palash (Butea frondosa ) Aam (Mangiflora indica ) etc. Certain other types like Pipal (Ficus religiosa) and Barh ( Wat ) (Ficus bengalensis can also be used

Medicinal values of wood used for Homa

All these types of wood apart from having low calorific value have medicinal properties also. Medicinal properties - well documented in several scientific books on Medicinal plants Thus the fire wood used in Homa is not only low in calorific value ( almost non polluting ) but produces medicinal substances to help us get rid of common diseases

Combustion Harmful effects

Upon complete combustion, we expect formation of carbon dioxide and water vapor as the products Due to the deficiency in the availability of oxygen, or other possible reasons, some fuel remains un burnt, or gets only partially oxidized to carbon monoxide. Un burnt fuel and carbon monoxide are undesirable pollutants for the atmosphere If the combustion gives rise to high temp --2000 deg. C or above - the atmospheric N2 & O2 may react to form the oxides of nitrogen undesirable pollutants. Excessive volumes of CO2 are also undesirable

Combustion in Agnihotra
Agnihotra consists of a base fire generated in a specially designed vessel Burning firewood of certain specified characteristics forms the base fire. Firewood has much lower calorific value. and produces much lower temperatures than in the typical engines. To this base fire,we add oblations comprising: Ghee (ghritam) Several herbal substances which should be

1) wholesome, i.e. health givers, 2) anti-bacterial, 3) aroma-builders, i.e. deodorants and 4) sweeteners.

Agnihotra -- Possible production of pollutants

The base fire is generated by burning firewood - lower calorific value Amount of firewood burnt is minimum This ensures lower temperatures - oxides of nitrogen cannot be formed. Design of vessel ensures plenty of oxygen. Therefore Carbon monoxide & un-burnt hydrocarbons are minimal

Agnihotra- Possible pollutants & Remedies

Carbon dioxide is definitely formed, our Rishies knew this & prescribed that : the Agnihotra ought to be performed during and after sunrise, and well before sunset i.e. Sandhya Kaal WHY ? To get the benefits of Photosynthesis

What is Photosynthesis ?
A process by which Plants make their food from CO2 and water in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll. Chlorophyll -Pigment which gives green colour to the plants During this process Oxygen is released.

Photosynthesis Biochemical Reaction

Bio-chemical reaction in photosynthesis 6CO2 + 6H2O + Sunlight + Chlorophyll = C6 H12O6( Glucose i.e. Food for Plants ) + 6O2

Factors Affecting Photosynthesis

Red Effect - Rate of photosynthesis is maximum in red light Hence Photosynthesis is maximum in mornings and evenings when there is a red glow in the sky Thus, the air is richer with oxygen during morning and before sunset in the evening. This is what is described as SANDHYA KAAL

Our Rishies knew the Science of Yajna

1. Our Rishies understood these phenomenon of science and prescribed that :

Agnihotra ought to be performed during and sunrise & before Sun set Be performed in an area with good green cover to ensures that CO2 is well utilized by the green cover in the vicinity And give rise to oxygen and greenery.

2.They also understood the the principle of Conservation of Mass, No mass is created or destroyed. Oblations of different substances into fire appear to vanish, but they actually do not. Merely change to gaseous form -Sublimation 3. Need for purifying air was also understood 4.Basics of combustion too were known i.e. Low calorific value of Wood -hence lower temps produced by burning wood 5. medicinal values of herbs-prescribed herbs as oblation to cure diseases. 6.Production of aerodynamic effect of fire- described by Dayanand Saraswati as Bhedak Shakti 7.Inhaling is more effective than eating thru mouth

Overall effect of Agnihotra

Agnihotra drives the indoor air out Causes outdoor fresh air to move in. Effectively neutralizes the stale indoor air due to the characteristics of the herbal substances utilized. A typical air freshener, simply attempts to neutralize the stale air, The desirable substances can be inhaled through the nostrils by one and all. Mechanism of inhaling as opposed to intake through the mouth (liquid & solid ) is more efficient by a factor of several hundreds. Also, it seems to be the only way to cleanse the indoor air.

Air fresheners vs. Agnihotra

The commercially available air fresheners cannot purify the indoor air. Their purpose is very limited to reduce the undesirable foul odor, and even for that purpose their side effects have to be fully understood.

Agnihotra Absolute necessity

There is no other method to purify the air once that has been polluted by us. This requirement is of enormous proportion for the in-door air because that is what we breathe most of the time. Our life style of remaining in-doors is doing more and more harm to the environment. In the given circumstances, Agnihotra has become AN ABSOLUTE NECESSITY

CONCLUSION

Burning of firewood not the purpose of Agnihotra. Minimum quantity is burnt to generate base fire to vaporize the oblations Desirable herbs offered as obelations The Base Fire vaporizes these herbal substances

It does not cause their independent combustion process. Herbal substances inhaled in their vapor or gaseous form thru the nostrils have much greater efficacy many hundred times more Thus Agnihotra magnifies the advantages of the desirable herbal substances. The thermal and aerodynamic effects of the fire cause the vaporized substances to spread & diffuse into every part of the enclosed surroundings The overall temperatures in the combustion of firewood are lower Hence production of the oxides of nitrogen -safely ruled out. Design of Havan Kund -Supply of more than adequate oxygen No significant production of unburned hydrocarbon or carbon monoxide. Need of the Time Further documented research into various types of Agnihotras Like Vrishti Yajna, ( to simulate rain ), Putreshthi Yajna ( to enhance fertility ) etc To perfect procedure on all these types To secure patent on different forms of Yajna Make practical use of these procedures in times of draughts and other similar situations LET US PERFORM AGNIHOTRA EVERY DAY We pollute the environment by various biological & chemical means It is our duty to purify the environ at least to that extent

Further Readings
Yajna Vimarsh - Dr Ram Prakash Former V C of Kurukshetra University Chemistry of Agnihotra - Dr(Swami ) Satya Prakash former head of Department of Chemistry Banaras Hindu University both the authors: Doctorate in chemistry

THE INTEGRATED SCIENCE OF YAGNA

AUTHOR

Pt. SHRIRAM SHARMA ACHARYA

Compiled by: Dr. Rajani Joshi Indian Institute of Technolog, Mumbai Publisher: Shantikunj, Haridwar (U.A), India, 249411 First Edition 2001 The WWW reprint is for free distribution The Integrated Science Of Yagna Body is the Temple of Soul. It is essential and proper to keep it fit, clean and provided with necessary conveniences, but it is harmful to think all the time about the body alone. It would be totally wrong to presume the body as the form of Self and forget its real form. Just after identifying ones Self with the body, the loss or gain to the body is considered by a person to be his own and he forgets about his real obligation. This game of omission and commission makes his life comnersome and humdrum. Isolate your Self From small things to subtle and subtler objects gradually and you would ultimately reach the Pure Soul. Can there be anything beyond it? No, nothing. The thinker, examiner and the object to be examined, can not be one and the same object. The sun can not shine by its rays. You are not an object of meditation and examination. Still, your consciousness says Iam. This is the proof of existence of the soul.

PREFACE
Gayatri and Yagna are considered to be the building blocks of the divine development of the human culture and civilization. While Gayatri encompasses the original knowledge part of the existence, expansion and evolution of the cosmos, Yagna deals with the corresponding domains of creativity and actions. The science and philosophy of Gayatri and Yagna were thoroughly practiced and propagated by the saints and sages of yore. Because of their direct impact on the physical, mental and spiritual development of human life, the principles and practices of these fundamental components of the ancient Indian culture have relevance in the modern times too. Thanks to the dedicated efforts of some sacred souls and eminent scholars, that the glory of the ancient knowledge and culture of India has not lost its glow despite traversing through the dark period of misinterpretations, aberrations and malignance during the medieval era. The noble contributions of Pt. Shriram Sharma Acharya have been most significant in rousing the Indian Cultural values since past few decades and implementing the practices of Gayatri and Yagna as scientific experiments aimed at the welfare of all living beings. This spiritual saint, social reformer, scholar and scientist par excellence is renowned as an authority on the in depth knowledge of Gayatri and Yagna. He has written about 3000 books in Hindi on almost all aspects of life. His inspirations have been taken to the masses across the globe via the creative programs of the institutions ---Gayatri Tapobhoomi, Mathura, Akhand Jyoti Sansthan, Mathura and Shantikunj, Hardwar, established by him. The present book is a compilation of some of his writings on the science of Yagna and some of the articles and reports published in the proceedings of the grand yagnas and conferences organized under the auspices of his Gayatri Pariwar and Yug Nirman missions. This book gives a brief introduction to the spiritual philosophy of Yagna and the subtle sonic effects of mantras associated with this process. It presents several scientific features of Yagna which have been studied in modern research laboratories and have shown promising roles of yagna in purification of the environment and development of a new system of medicine and an effective therapy for better health management at extremely low cost. This book should be read by all scientific minded people who, with an open mind, would like to learn from the ancient scriptures. Those, especially the younger generation, who might not have had the chance to know the roots and scope of Indian philosophy and culture in proper light, are also invited to read this book to get a glimpse of the ancient knowledge and come forward to research the buried treasures of the eternal science for humanity.

--Pt. Lilapat Sharma Yug Nirman Yojna, Mathura.

CONTENTS
The Integrated Science Of Yagna ................................................................................................... 1. Origin & Philosophical Foundations Of Yagna ---- A Brief Introduction....................................... 2. Scientific Aspects Of Yagna ........................................................................................................ 2.1. Fumigating Substances Used in Yagna: .............................................................................. 2.2. Products of Combustion:...................................................................................................... 2.3. Inverted Pyramid Shaped Agni Kunda: ................................................................................ 2.4. Chanting of Sanskrit Mantras:.............................................................................................. 3. Purification Of Environment By Yagna ..................................................................................... 3.1. Removal of Foul Odours: ................................................................................................... 3.2. Removal of Bacteria: .......................................................................................................... 3.3. Removal of insects: ............................................................................................................ 3.4. Effects on Plants and Vegetation: ...................................................................................... 3.5. Role of CO
2

generated in Yagna: ....................................................................................... 3.6. Results of Some Recent Experiments: .................................................................... 4. Yagnopathy- Medicinal Applications Of Yagna ......................................................... 4.1. Results of Research in Scientific laboratories:........................................................ 4.2. Some Case Studies: ............................................................................................... 4.3. The Yagnopathy lab at Brahmavarchas:................................................................. 5. A Simple Agnihotra For Daily Practice ...................................................................... 6. Subtle Aspects Of Yagna .......................................................................................... 6.1. Mantras --- Subtle Dimensions of Sound: .............................................................. References ................................................................................................................................... About the Author:..........................................................................................................................

Notes of ECHO: 1) In this text,Yagna is a common used as Yaja. 2) In the practice of Homas teached By the Master Vasant Parajpe, only are used cowdung, ghee and in some cases, integer an unbroken rice (Agnihotra).

The Integrated Science Of Yagna

The Integrated Science of Yagna

In this book, a brief account of Yagna is presented. Scientific basis of the major effects of Yagna is discussed along with some findings of modern research on its effects on health care and purification of the environment. Psychological and spiritual benefits are also highlighted in brief.

1. Origin & Philosophical Foundations Of Yagna ---- A Brief Introduction

Gayatri and Yagna are described as the pillars of Indian philosophy and culture. The eternal source of universal knowledge, comprised in the Gayatri Mantra is deciphered and the cosmic energy of sound contained in Mantra is activated and expanded with the help of Yagna. The four Vedas signify the philosophy of the eternity and absolute complementary role of Gayatri and Yagna in the divine creation. Atharvaveda also deals with sound therapy aspects of Mantras for the treatment of the ailing human system at the physical, psycological and spiritual levels. The Samaveda focuses on the musical chanting patterns of the Mantras and the subtle form of Yagna by defining the latter as the process of mental oblation on the surface of internal emotions through the cosmic radiation of the omnipresent subtle energy of sound. The Yajurveda contains the knowledge of principles and methods of performing Yagnas as Spiritual and Scientific experiments for global welfare [1]. Literally speaking, Yagna means --- selfless sacrifice for noble purposes. Sacrificing of the ego, selfishness and material attachments and adopting rational thinking, humane compassion and dedicated creativity for the welfare of all ---- is indeed the best Yagna which should be performed by all human beings. The philosophy of Yagna teaches a way of living in the society in harmony, a living style to promote and protect higher humane values in the society --- which is indeed the basis of the ideal human culture. The seva Yagna --- altruist service of the society is a noble example of Yagna. The Gnana Yagna, similarly implies the service of people by enlightening their lives in the glow of knowledge and education. The Prana Yagna implies --- the service of saving the lives of people from suffering and agonies and inspiring liveliness and respect for life in them. A variety of such Yagnas are described in the Shastras. This book focuses on the Yagnas performed for physical experimentation. In physical terms, Yagna is a process aimed at the refinement of the subtle energy existing in matter with the help of thermal energy of the Mantras. The knowledge of philosophy and science of Yagna is as essential for understanding and experimenting the science of spirituality as the knowledge of elementary physics is for material based sciences. The experiments of Yagna, when performed at a small scale in day to day life are called ---Havan or Agnihotra.

2. Scientific Aspects Of Yagna

There are two basic energy systems in the physical world: Heat and Sound. In performing Yagna, these two energies, namely, the heat from Yagnas fire and the sound of the Gayatri and other Mantras, are combined to achieve the desired physical, psychological and spiritual benefits. The fumigation of specific substances in the Yagna --- fire is a scientific method of subtulisation of matter into energy and expanding its potential and positive effects in the surrounding atmosphere. The electromagnetic waves generated thereby help in transmitting, at cosmic level, the desired sonic signals stored in the Mantras, which are chanted during the process of sacrificing the special materials in the fire. 2.1. Fumigating Substances Used in Yagna: In order to get an idea of the various chemical changes which take place, it is essential to know the various substances offered in Yagna. They are principally as described below (c.f. [2]): (A) Wood: Wood has to be dry and free from dust, insects and worms. The wood is cut into small sticks of varying lengths called Samidhas according to the size of the altar or Agnikunda. The principal types of wood used are the following:

I. Sandal-wood (Santalum Album) II. Agar and Tagar wood (Aquilana Malaccensis and Valeriana Wallchii) III. Deodar (Cedrys Libani) IV. Mango (Mangifera Indica) V. Dhak or Palash (Butea Frondosa) VI. Bilva (Aegle Marmelos) VII. Pipal (Ficus Religiosa) VIII. Bargad (Ficus Bengalensis) IX. Shami (Proposis Spicigera) X. Gular (Ficus Glomerata) In addition to wood, various Havishya or Havan samagri are offered in Yagna can be divided into the following four groups: (B) Odoriferous Substances: These are --- saffron, musk, agar, tagar, chandan, illaychi, jayphal, javitri and camphor. (C) Substances with Healthy Constituents: These are clarified butter (ghee), milk, fruits and cereals like wheat, rice, barley, til, kangu, munga, chana, arhar, masur or peas. (D) Sweet Substances: These usually are --- sugar, dried grapes, honey or chhuhara. (E) Medicinal Herbs: These are used as per specific requirement. Some common herbs are Somalata or Giloya, Brahmi, Shankhpushpi, Nagkesar, Mulhati, Red Chandan, Baheda, Sonth and Harad. Now-a-days Havan samagri is readily available in the market consisting of the following substances in a crude powder form: Saw dust of sandal-wood and pine wood, the agar and tagar wood chips, kapurkachari, gugal, nagarmotha, balchhaar or jatamansi, narkachura, sugandhbala, illayachi, jayphal, cloves and dalchini. 2.2. Products of Combustion: At the outset, it can be said that the interpretation of process of combustion in a Yagna in a physical scientific terms is rather difficult due to the following reasons: (i) The properties of substances which are used are vastly varying; (ii) The conditions under which combustion takes place remain unspecified. The products of combustion depend on the following factors like --- (a) The nature of substances used and their proportions; (b) Temperature attained; (c) Controlled supply of air and (d) Interaction amongst the various products formed. 2.2.1. Vapourization of wood: Besides complete combustion of cellulose material of wood, it is also subjected to vaporization. This happens due to the way Samidhas are arranged in the Agnikunda, the conditions of temperature and air supply which prevail in it. 2.2.2. Steam Volatilization of Odorous Substances: The temperature attained in the Kunda varies between 250C and 600C, while in actual flames it can go as high as 1200C to 1300C. The boiling points of volatile constituents get diffused over in the surrounding atmosphere. Also when cellulose and other carbohydrates undergo combustion, steam is formed in copious quantities by the combination of hydrogen of organic substances with the oxygen. This is how the substances like thymol, eugenol, pinene, terpinol etc., are carried over in the surroundings and the aroma of a Yagna can be smelt even at a considerable distance. In addition to steam, smoke is also given out in copious quantities and solid particles existing in a highly divided state offer sufficient surface for mechanical diffusion. Thus smoke also functions as colloidal particles for diffusion of volatile aromatic substances depending on temperature and direction of the wind. 2.2.3. Combustion of Fatty Substances:

The fatty substances used in Yagna are mainly ghee and other fatty substances of vegetable origin. Ghee helps in rapid combustion of cellulose of wood and keeps the fire alight. All fatty substances used are combinations of fatty acids, which volatilize easily. The combustion of glycerol portion gives acetone bodies, pyruvic aldehyde and glyoxal etc. The hydrocarbons produced in the reactions again undergo slow combustion and as a result methyl and ethyl alcohols, formaldehyde, etaldehyde, formic acid and acetic acids are formed. 2.2.4. Photo-Chemical process When all the volatile substances are diffused in the surrounding atmosphere, these are further subjected to photochemical reactions in the sunlight. This may be the reason why it has been recommended that Yagna should be performed in the presence of strong sunlight. These changes occur in the ultra-violet and other short wavelength regions. The products of fumigation thus go photochemical decomposition, oxidation and reduction. To some extent even CO is also reduced to formaldehyde as follows:
2

CO2 + H2O + 112,000 cal. = HCHO = O2 From environmental angle, reduction of CO2 produced in Yagna as above and liberation of oxygen cannot be overemphasized. 2.3. Inverted Pyramid Shaped Agni Kunda: The word pyramid means the fire in the middle. This ancient-word meaning for pyramid is closely connected with the inexplicable energies emanating from its central shape. The pyramid shape is widely experienced to generate and store a special energy field, which possess bacteriostatic properties. The inverted pyramid shape of the Agni kunda (also called Havan Kunda)1 allows controlled generation and multidirectional dissipation of energy. It acts as a generator of unusual energy fields and spreads them in its surrounding atmosphere. For a daily Agnihotra (Balivaishva) a small copper pot is used. The inverted pyramid shaped Agnihotra pot receives, generates and decentralizes electrosphere. It acts as an effective bacteriostatic and antimicrobial reactor. Copper is universally acknowledged for its excellent conduction of electricity and heat. The Agnihotra has an obvious link with fire, heat, electro-magnetic force and because of its inverted pyramid shaped Kunda, it does have connection with the cosmic energy fields. The dimensions of the copper pot used for the daily Agnihotras are: 14.5 cm 14.5cm at the top. 5.25cm 5.25 cm at the bottom and 6.5 cm in height with three steps. For large scale Yagnas, the dimensions are increased proportionately and the Kundas are also made up of specific combinations of clays. A part from the pyramid shape, some other special symmetric geometrical designs are also used according to the kind of energy fields and the cosmic currents required to be generated by the Yagna. Specific types of Kundas are recommended for different kinds of Yagnas. Shapes of the common agnihotra pot and some Yagna Kundas are illustrated in figure 1. A pit for sacrificial fire or a pot (altar) or small reservoir / clay-structure (made up on the ground in which the Yagna fire is lit.)
1

2.4. Chanting of Sanskrit Mantras: The power of sound vibrations is long since acknowledged in the field of science. These vibrations can penetrate the energy spheres at the subtle and cosmic levels. All the alphabets of the Sanskrit language are endowed with special vibrational powers, which set out harmonious wave patterns when pronounced. It is interesting to note that Dr. Howard Steingull, an American Scientist has established that recitation of Gayatri Mantra produces 110,000 sound waves per second. In fact recitation of the Gayatri Mantra during the fire-worship (Yagna) acts supplementary. The patterns of chanting of Mantras are so designed that they latently contain the essence of the music or the quite essential sound of the torrent of life sustaining energies emanating from the cosmic energy centre of the corresponding Mantras. (The cosmic energy centre a deity associated with the Gayatri Mantra is Sun). Uttering of these Mantras produces vibrations which are soothing to human mind, all plant and animal life. These vibrations also help in spreading specific energy waves in the surrounding atmosphere as the oblations are offered.

3. Purification of Environment by Yagna

The industrial wastes, rapid urbanization, deforestation, air and water pollution, disturbances in the ozone layer -formation, radioactive waves etc., have destabilized the human, animal and plant life cycles. The ecological imbalance caused by these acts of civilized men has resulted into disastrous threat not only to human survival but to the life as a whole on our planet. Till recently it was accepted that research into science can furnish answer to all of mans problems. Today we find increasing number of diseases including malfunctioning of body organs due to increasing severity of pollution in the atmosphere. Ozone layer depletion has been causing ailments like sunburn, skin cancer, cataracts and weakening of the immune system. Viruses are becoming drug-resistant and showing consistent growth trends. Experimental studies show that the incidence of physical ailments, sickness and disease are reduced in the houses, where the Yagna (Agnihotra) is regularly performed because it creates a pure, nutritional and medicinal atmosphere. It renews the brain cells, revitalizes the skin, purifies blood and prevents growth of pathogenic organisms. Agnihotra is basically a healing process. Heal the atmosphere and the healed atmosphere will heal you--- is the Modus Operandi [5]. Purification of environment through the constituent electrons of the substances fumigated in the Yagna is an obvious effect of this process [2-4]. The observation of some distinguished scientists is note worthy in this regard. Dr. Hafkine has mentioned that --- mixing ghee and sugar and burning them creates smoke which kills the germs of certain diseases and secretion takes place from some glands relate to the wind-pipe, which fill our heart and mind with pleasure. Sugars present in Havishya have great power to purify the atmosphere. It kills the germs of T.B., measles, smallpox and cow-pox --- remarks Prof. Tilward. According to Dr. Shirowich, a Russian scientist has remarked that (i) Cows milk contains great power of protection from atomic radiation; (ii) Houses having cow-dung covered floors enjoy complete protection from atomic radiation; (iii) If cows ghee is put into Yagna fire, its fumes lessen the effect of atomic radiation to a great extent. The medicinal fumes emanating from Agnihotra have been observed by researchers in the field of microbiology to be clearly bacteriolethal in nature. These eradicate bacteria and other micro-organisms, which are the root cause of illness and diseases. This must be the reason why the incidence of physical ailments, sickness and diseases becomes less in the households, where Agnihotra is regularly performed. Even without going into detailed chemical bacteriology, it can be stated that performance of Yagna leads to purification of air. This takes place in the following four ways [2]: 3.1. Removal of Foul Odors: As already stated, under steam volatilization, the various volatile oils get diffused in the surrounding atmosphere along with steam and smoke. Since these oils have distinct good smell, the foul odors are automatically replaced. This aroma can be experienced easily in the surroundings when Yagna is performed due to diffusion of substances like thymol, eugenol, pine, terpinol and oils of sandal-wood, camphor and clove. 3.2. Removal of Bacteria: As stated under products of combustion, the partial oxidation of hydrocarbons and decomposition of complex organic substances produce formal aldehyde which is a powerful antiseptic. It is also interesting to note that germicidal action of formaldehyde is only effective in the presence of water vapor which is also produced in large quantities in Yagna. The use of formaldehyde spray for disinfecting of walls, ceiling etc., is common and such a spray is automatically produced when Yagna is performed. The oxidation of hydrocarbons also produces formic acid and acetic acid both of which are good disinfectants. Use of formic acid for preservation of fruits and that of acetic acid in preserving vinegar is a common practice.

The antiseptic and antibiotic effects of fumes of Yagna have also been examined by conducting suitable experiments on rabbits and mice and it has been established that fumes emitted in Yagna are powerful antibiotic. Agnihotra ash purifies and cleanses the water making it fit for drinking [5]. 3.3. Removal of insects: There are non-bacterial parasites like flies, ringworm, dice, fleas etc., which are immune to bactericides, which are also harmful to other living beings. Such insects which are generally immune to ordinary reagents. However they either get killed or are driven away, when they come in contact with the fumes of volatile oils like camphor diffused in the environment. 3.4. Effects on Plants and Vegetation: The disinfection of air is not only useful to animal life but also helps plants life though the bacteria responsible for diseases in both may be different. The aromatic substances during Yagna get diffused in the air and offer protection to plant life against harmful organisms. This ensures healthy plant growth. Agnihotras atmosphere and ash can be used as adjutants in the Natural farming methods --- also known as the Agnihotra farming methods. It is a holistic concept of growing plants in healthy atmosphere and maintaining ecological balance by performing Agnihotra (Yagna) in the middle of the farm and using the Yagna - ash as a fertilizer. It is not only safe and productive but also holistic in its approach towards environment. 3.5. Role of CO2 generated in Yagna: Consignment of the wood and other organic maters to flames has been always controversial because of generation of CO and CO 2 and increase in consequent green house effect. It had been argued that performance of Yagna also produces CO and CO2. It should be noted here that the way in which the Samidhas and Havishya are burnt in Yagna is a process of slow combustion at higher temperature. While the burning of coal in factories or in the household fire involves rapid combustion. where oxygen is sucked in large quantities and enormous CO2 is emitted. In the slow combustion taking place in the process of Yagna, small quantity of O2 is utilized meager CO2 is emitted that poses no threat to the environment. In fact whatever CO2 is generated it is readily absorbed by the surrounding vegetation and CO2 cycle is strengthened [4]. The other important aspect is the fact that CO produced in Yagna is not always free CO but it remains mixed with other aromatic oils and antiseptic products. It therefore, acts as a vehicle in transporting such products to distant surroundings. The use of CO2 as a cerebral stimulant to assist the patients suffering from lack of ventilation is common in medical world. Its use to control and cure many mental disorders is also known to medical science. Small amounts of CO2 inhaled by the persons performing Yagna acts as a stimulant and more and more aromatic fumes are inhaled which help in curing mental disorders. Particularly effective results with respect to the elimination or reduction in radiation were achieved through Yagnas fire and ash. These observations are made by Dr. L. Maela Anatoninhowska of Poland after using P.S.I. techniques.
2 2

3.6. Results of Some Recent Experiments: A group of scientists led by Dr. Manoj Garg, Director, Environmental and Technical Consultants and the Uttar Pradesh pollution control board conducted experiments during the Ashwamedha Yagna at Gorakhpur, U.P. These experiments were set up at about 20 meters east from the Yagnashala. The samples of 100 ml each of water and air collected from the surroundings were analyzed using high volume envirotech APM-45 and other sensitive instruments. A summary of their results ( [1] - Akhand Jyoti, Sept. 97 p.22) is presented below: In Air Samples (unit mg per average sample)

Bacteria Count in Average Water Samples

Minerals in the Ash (Bhasm) of Yagna

These results clearly support the claims made about the role of Yagna in control of air pollution. The Deputy Director, Agriculture had submitted a technical report based on such results, recommending the use of Yagnas ash as an effective fertilizer. Comparable results were also obtained by the scientific experiments conducted in about 27 large scale Yagnas organized by Shantikunj, Hardwar in India and abroad during 1993-1995.

4. Yagnopathy- Medicinal Applications of Yagna

Amidst the fascinating achievements of the modern era of science and technology in improving our comfort levels, stress and pollution have posed the major challenge for man. The world is beginning to realize that the comforts provided to us by modern science and technology do not necessarily always make life easier. In fact, apart from greater stress and tension, more unknown diseases, untold anxiety and fear is caused by the highly polluted environment and ecological imbalance. This has raised alarming call for rethinking and guiding the common life style. Yagna appears to be a boon of the ancient Indian sciences for achieving this purpose. In a physical laboratory, it might not be possible to demonstrate the spiritual effects of Yagna, but the physical and mental effects of Yagnas can be certainly tested, and the claims to cure physical and mental diseases through Yagna can be verified [3]. The Brahmavarchas Shodha Sansthan (a scientific research centre in Hardwar, India) has taken up research on this aspect of Yagna. It is to be noted here that the traditional systems of treatment of physical diseases employ medicines which are mostly administered orally. They, therefore, produce effects only after they have been digested and absorbed into the system. Most part of the medicine taken orally neither is nor utilized by the digestive system. Such medicines may also upset digestion seriously. The same is more or less true medicines directly injected into the blood. They produce results quicker, but their adverse side effects are often more pronounced. White corpuscles of the blood resent intrusion of any foreign bodies into the blood, and sometimes the reaction of the system to the sudden, massive and direct intrusion of foreign matter into the blood through injection proves most serious, and even fatal. In a Yagna, medicines and herbs are vaporized by offering them into the sacrificial

fire, and they enter the human body in a gaseous form through the nose, lungs and the pores of the skin. This might be proved to be easiest, least taxing, least risky and most effective method of administering a medicine so as to reach every single cell of the body. The possibilities of curing mental diseases by Yagna are even more alluring. Diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders is still in its infancy in the modern systems of treatment. There are neither well established diagnostic aids, nor any recognized system of treatment of diseases like Neurosis, Psychosis, Schizophrenia, Depression, Tension, Melancholia, Mania, Hysteria etc. On the other hand, psychosomatic diseases are even more rampant than physical diseases and they wreck the man more than the latter. Manifestation of psychosomatic diseases except in extreme and advanced cases is not so apparent, and that may explain why enough attention has not been paid to them. The stress and strain of modern life, degradation of social behavior and fall in moral values all around are contributing to an alarming increase in psychosomatic diseases. Yagna might offer a solution to this serious problem as well. The technique of Yagna for the treatment of physical and mental diseases does not comprise mere vaporization of the constituents or herbs to be employed, but various Samidhas are offered into the sacrificial fire of Yagna to create the desired effects. Research on all these aspects of Yagna is being conducted in the laboratory of Brahmvarchas. It might well lead to the development of a scientifically established in yagnopathy, which may find not only an honored but a leading place in other therapies of the world like Allopathy, Homeopathy, Chromopathy, Naturopathy, etc. Looking to the high intellectual caliber and attainments of those who are engaged in research, Yagnopathy may come into being sooner than expected, and it may rank a unique achievement of the modern age. 4.1. Results of Research in Scientific laboratories: In his study, Dr. Selvamurthy has observed neurophysiological effects of the Mantras of a special kind of Agnihotra (described in the next section) which is performed at the time of sunset. In this experimental study, 8 healthy men were chosen as subjects. They use to report at 4 p.m. on two consecutive days. First day for control recording when rituals of Agnihotra were performed but instead of the prescribed Mantras, some irrelevant syllables were uttered at specific time periods. Next day evening the Agnihotra used to be performed with proper Mantras. Recording of physiological parameters viz. Heart rate, ECG, EEG, GSR, blood pressure were made on both days. The results showed that while the mind (brain waves) remained unaltered before Agnihotra, significant changes occurred after the proper Agnihotra. These included --- (a) G.S.R. remained significantly higher due to proper Agnihotra; (b) ECG showed DC shift in the base line; (c) EEG showed alpha enhancement and delta suppression for more than 15 minutes. In recent years, the science of medicine has begun to recognize the role of psychology in prevention and cure of malady. As the atmosphere, prana and mind are inter linked, the individuals automatically experience relaxation, peace, unburdening of the mind, loss of worries and stress in the Yagna atmosphere. The increase in the level of Prana (vital energy) in the atmosphere when a Yagna is performed --- was also recorded with the help of Kirlian photographs of human hands before and after Yagna in the experiments conducted by Dr. Matthias Ferbinger of Germany. The atmosphere surrounding the place where a Yagna is being performed and the ash produced in the Kunda has been found useful in healing nervous system disorders, asthma, heart diseases, lung infections, a wide variety of skin diseases and the diseases of the eyes and ears. Analysis of ash has indicated that it contains certain ingredients which soothe, pacify and tranquillize the mind. 4.2. Some Case Studies: The following sample of case studies was reported in [5]. (A) Drugs and Alcoholic Addiction: An officer of 25 years age, who has been a poly-drug abuser in the past was selected for the study by Lt. Col. G.R. Golecha, a senior advisor in the psychiatry division of the Indian army. The patient was addicted to heroin for the last 2 years. He had undergone some de-addiction courses twice in past with no benefit and had become resistant to such methods. He was then introduced to Agnihotra.

A rating scale was developed by Dr. Golecha to roughly quantify and compare the improvement. The practice of Agnihotra resulted in improving his psychology to abstain from smack and significant decrease of his urge for it within few weeks. Conclusion: Agnihotra helps drug addicts to get over their craving for drugs because Agnihotra removes negative stereotype thoughts and motivates for positive approach by love and compassion. All the psycho therapeutic advances have failed to control a habitual addict. Agnihotra is a new hope in this field. (B) Diabetes and Agnihotra: Case-Report Name of patient: Pandurang M. Patil Age: 72 yrs. Address: Sai Prabha, Mangvir Pakhadi Post-Tal-Alibaug, Dist - Raigad (M.S.) Case: One year old diabetic. Before starting Agnihotra --- Report on 6-05-1993 1) Fasting: Blood Sugar: 285 mg/dt (Normal 70-110) Urine Sugar: Present ++++ 2) Post Lunch (2 hrs. after lunch): Blood Sugar: 530 mg/dt (Normal upto 120) Urine Sugar: Present ++++ After performing daily Agnihotra --- Report on 24-07-93 1) Fasting: Blood Sugar: 95 mg/dt (Normal 70-110) Urine Sugar: Absent 2) Post Lunch Blood Sugar: 120 mg/dt (Normal upto 120) Urine Sugar: Absent The above case report result has been furnished by medicare pathology laboratory.2 Conclusion: The above cases suggest that daily Agnihotra will be useful in treating a diabetic patient of any age, at any level within 3 to 6 months. Address, as reported in [5] is -- R 33 Swapnamurti, Alibaug, Raigad. Case was referred by a well known doctor -- Dr., Mrs.Morkhadker (MD).
2

(C) Bhopal Gas Tragedy and Agnihotra: The incidence occurred on the deadly night of December 3, 1984, when the poisonous MIC gas leaked from Union Carbide. Hundreds of people died and thousands were hospitalised. There were, however, two families ---Shri. Sohan Lal S Khushwaha and Shri. M.L. Rathore, which lived in the worst affected area, one mile away from the plant came out unscathed as they were regularly performing Agnihotra (Havan). In these families, noone died. Nobody was even hospitalized despite of being present in the area worst hit by the toxic gas. This observation proves that Agnihotra is a powerful antidote to pollution. (cf. News Paper The Hindi of 4-585; news item under the heading Vedic Way to Beat Pollution). 4.3. The Yagnopathy lab at Brahmavarchas: The Brahmavarchas research centre was established by Pt. Shriram Sharma Acharya in 1979. It is situated at Saptsarovar road about 6 kilometers away from the Hardwar station towards Rishikesh in India. This centre is actively working for the integration of the modern and ancient sciences. Innovative scientific research is being carried out in the science of spirituality. A part from the dedicated team of scientists, doctors and engineers, other scholars of high caliber and well equipped laboratories for relevant research in different scientific disciplines including neurology, biochemistry, haematology, phytochemistry and sound therapy etc. are

present. Other features of attraction over here are the botanical garden of about 450 herbs which include some rare species of Himalayan herbs and Yagnopathy lab. The Yagnopathy laboratory has a Havan Kunda placed in a gas chamber. A gas analysis wing for the collection and analysis of the fumes and vapors of Yagna is at work. The efficacy of various ingredients of the Havishya and the Samidhas are assessed in the phytochemistry lab, which is well equipped for analytical purposes with gas liquid chromatograph [6,7]. Blood samples are kept in the glass chamber, when it is full of fumes and vapors of the daily Yagna (Havan) and the changes in the blood biochemistry and haematological characters are assesed for these samples. A large number of experiments are carried out on healthy and diseased persons, living on the campus for specific periods. The subjects include the Sadhakas, as well as non Sadhakas of all age groups, men and women from all walks of life irrespective of their social or religious background. During such experiments, the subject to sits in the glass chamber and inhales the fumes of Yagna for specific period. A thorough analysis of their body and mind is made before and after performing this experiment. Haematological parameters like Hb, TRBC, Platelets, RBC fragility etc., biochemical changes like those in the levels of blood urea, sugar, cholesterol, certinine, SGOT, SGPT etc; are estimated. The immunological changes like the antibody levels and innate immunity towards various pathogenic offending organisms, is also assessed. Various hormones like cortisol, thyroxine, ACTH, androgens etc. are assessed in the endocrinology lab. The EEG, EMG and ECG recordings are carried out in the neuro-physiology labs. The psychometry lab assesses the aptitude, learning potential, memory, the intelligent quotient, emotional quotient and the overall personality makeup of the subjects. The case is followed on regularly after treatment with Yagna for a week, or a month. The technical details and results of experimental research will be published subsequently in the relevant scientific journals for therapeutic use of different herbs by means of Yagna and pursue research on herbal medicine to save way for other scientific applications of Yagna. The general implication of the results obtained so far is that performing Yagna significantly enhances the vitality and resistance against adverse matero-biological changes and the invasion of otherwise lethal viruses and bacteria. Mental peace, emotional stability and creative development of the mind are other fruitful observations of research on the psychological fronts. The experimental studies in this lab would also be extended to animals, birds and plants to see how the energy released by Yagna affects the animal and vegetable kingdoms and the environment as a whole.

5. A Simple Agnihotra for Daily Practice

Environmental pollution and mechanical approach to life today is adversely affecting the human mind and body. Increase in the incidence of a wide variety of diseases and the downfall of moral values adding to stress, strain, hatred, jealousy, lust, enmity and violence witnessed in our daily interactions with people stand as proofs of this deplorable state of life. We also notice that the remedies which appeared effective only a few year ago have now started inducing side effects which are undesirable. Until and unless the environmental toxins and the demoralizing factors are neutralized at the same rate with which they are spread, there is little hope of healthy survival. Sustaining the ecological balance, purifying the environment and developing healthy body and mind are the tasks which are demanding timely action from each and every individual. A simple Agnihotra called Balivaishva is a practice, which can be considered as the cheapest and simplest positive effort in this regard, if performed as an essential activity of the daily life. The process of performing daily Agnihotra, as described below, is very simple, inexpensive and requires only a few minutes to perform. Yet it is very effective and beneficial in all eventualities. Performance of the Yagna (Agnihotra), is free from the barriers of nationality, caste, creed, religion, age or sex etc. Anyone who wants to be healthy, happy and stress-free should start performing Agnihotra at the first available opportunity. In the Balivaishva Agnihotra, five morsels of fresh vegetarian food are offered everyday before taking the meals in the morning and evening. These offerings are made in the fire lit on the cowdung- cake kept in the copper pot (Kund) with the chanting of Gayatri Mantra. The detailed survey and systematic studies made by

the Brahmavarchas Shodh Sansthan have shown that the physical health and psychological development of the members of the families, where Balivaishva is performed regularly is of excellent order. Generally, happy and helpful atmosphere is found in such houses. Another kind of Agnihotra, which is specifically tuned with the biological clock and the vital energy cycle has been studied by the Institute for studies in Vedic Sciences located in --- Akkalkot, (District Solapur) in Maharastra, India. This institute is acting as a network for evaluating the experiences of people, who perform Agnihotra on the basis of results obtained from time to time. The main features of this Agnihotra are described below [5]. (i) Biological Clocks and Agnihotra Timings: Sunrise and Sunset are the two most important transitional epochs of day on our planet. They exert tremendous impact on living organisms. During these periods, changes of great magnitude take place in the ecosphere which causes vital impact on life and environment. Synchronising performance of Agnihotra with these activated moments results in attracting a stream of vital, life sustaining energies of the solar system. The daily fluctuations in the body temperature, heart rate and blood pressure have been found associated with these exact moments. The science of Yoga and Nadi system too have been observed to be greatly influenced by these planetary transitional moments. The breathing patterns automatically undergo drastic changes. These physical changes and re-adjustments have great impact on the psychosomatic makeup of human beings. Hence the process of Agnihotra which coincides with them, plays an important role in harmonizing the natural functioning of human mind and body. The beneficial effect of sunrise Agnihotra sustains the atmosphere till sunset and the sunset Agnihotra is sustains the atmosphere till the sunrise. In this manner, an unending and active healing cycle is established in the houses where this Agnihotra, is performed every day. (ii) Cowdung Cake: Importance and medicinal qualities of cow-products have been known since time immemorial and forms a part of day-to-day usage. Cowdung contains plenty of menthol, ammonia, phenol, indole compounds, formalin and it eradicates the pathogenic micro-organisms. Fresh cowdung possesses medicinal and curative properties. It is a proven fact that tremendous active beneficial properties are inherent in the cowdung cake and in the fumes that emanates after burning it. Some Russian scientists have observed even anti-radiational properties of cowdung. (iii) Offerings: Two offerings of unbroken raw rice smeared with cows pure ghee are offered during each Agnihotra. According to Ayurveda, Cows ghee is a tonic and a cardiac stimulant. The invigorating gases produced by the burning of cows pure ghee act in balancing the cycle of nature. Cows pure ghee removes all pathogenic bacteria and works effectively in purification of the atmosphere making it sufficiently fit for mankind, plants and the lifeon earth. (A) Performing the Sunrise Agnihotra: (1) Fire preparation: About 5 to 10 minutes before the Sunrise, arrange pieces of dry cow dung cakes in the Agnihotra pot. First take a small piece of cowdung cake and place it at the bottom of the pot. Now put Guggal or camphor or cotton wick duly soaked in cows ghee on the bottom piece. Then start arranging the pieces of cow dung cake around it neatly leaving a little empty space in the centre to put the offerings. Use a match stick to and lit the fire. If necessary, use the fan so that all pieces are fully ablaze. (2) Material: Take two pinchful of clean, unbroken rice grains on the palm of your left hand or in a small dish. Smear these rice grains with a few drops of cows pure ghee. Divide this ghee smeared rice grains in two parts. (a) Morning Agnihotra:

Exactly at the time of sunrise, utter first Mantra Suryaya Swaha; and offer one part of the rice grains to the fire with the word Swaha and recite Idam Suryaya Idam Na Mama to complete the first oblation. Offer other part of the rice grains to the fire after saying Prajapataye Swaha and complete it by uttering Idam Prajapataye Idam Na Mama. Concentrate on the fire till the offerings are fully burnt. The morning Agnihotra is thus completed. (b) Sunset Agnihotra: In the evening, before sunset remove very carefully the morning Agnihotras ash from the pot and put it in a bag or box specially kept aside for it. Repeat the procedures 1 and 2 the morning Agnihotra. Exactly at sunset time, recite Agnaye Swaha, and offer the first part of the rice grains immediately with the word Swaha and utter Idam Prajapataye Idam Na Mama. Concentrate on the fire till the offerings are fully burnt. This concludes the evening Agnihotra.

6. Subtle Aspects Of Yagna

What we discussed above is all about the material aspects of Yagna. The extremely subtle effects are by far the more important. Like humans, matter too, has three bodies -- physical, subtle and causal. The body which eats, sleeps, walks, acts; which consists blood, flesh etc, and is visible mans physical body. Subtle body is that which thinks, considers and controls the physical body. Causal or astral body is that in which faith, convictions aspirations etc., are deeply rooted. The subtle body is much more powerful as compared to the physical body. The causal body is several times more powerful than the subtle body. The causal energy underlying all the Havishya used in Yagna is stimulated by the rituals prescribed for the Yagna performance. Only then alone it is possible to affect desired changes in the mind and consciousness of the participants. If this is not done, the effects of Yagna will be limited to the physical chemical effects of vaporization of specific substances. No doubt, several benefits can be derived by these effects too. The fumes of Yagna remove foul smell and spread soothing fragrance. It can also helps in controlling virus infection and thereby promoting physical health. This is however, an insignificant achievement, as compared to the vast potential of Yagna [2]. Importance of Yagna lies in the subtle power of the substances which are offered in the sacrificial fire. The selection of a particular wood or Havan Samagri depends on the purpose for which Yagna is performed. In order to stimulate the causal energy, of the offering, help of the science of Mantras is taken. The conductor of Yagna takes all precautions to ensure that the Mantras are uttered, pronounced and appropriated correctly in the pitch voice, rhythm and tone duly prescribed. Strict discipline is required to be maintained, and there should be no deviation. Shabda (The eternal and cosmic sound) is termed as Brahm. Ordinarily, it is used for exchanging of thoughts but at subtler and higher levels in Mantra, Shabda plays the role of getting transformed into potential energy. The entire basis of the Mantra Shastra stands on the footing that the selection, interlocking and appropriation of words in a Mantra exist in such a way that it becomes possible to get miraculous advantage by making the causal energy of Shabda specifically enhanced and made more powerful. All the pots and even water used in the Yagna are purified by specific Mantras before use. The fire-wood (Samidhas) are washed, dried and used after they are duly sanctified by Mantras. The process of Vedi pujan and Yagnashala pujan are restored to make the Havan kund live --- with awaken causal energy. This as a whole is the scientific process of mass medication which strengthens the spiritual basis of the Yagna process. It is generally experienced that Yagiya (Agnihotra) --- atmosphere is very compatible and alluring for attaining spiritual uplift. Dr. Motohama of Tokyo, Japan has studied the effects of Agnihotra, with his instrument for measuring electric fields surrounding the body. He has reported [5] that -after performing an Agnihotra, the Anahata Chakra (cardiac plexus) exhibits similar condition that exists after psychic and spiritual healings. 6.1. Mantras --- Subtle Dimensions of Sound: Mantras are pronounced in Yagna in accordance with the prescribed methods and rules. It benefits the persons concerned and stimulates useful vibrations and causes beneficial excitements in the environment. Besides, it makes possible the stimulation of causal energy of the materials used in Yagna to such an extent that the hidden potentialities underlying them are greatly enhanced. Articles made scared and pious with the help of Mantra, if offered by way of blessing act more effectively than even medicines. It is by involving the

causal energy of material (Havishya) before it is offered in the sacrificial fire, that exemplary successful results are produced to such an extent that even an ordinary substance possesses extraordinary specific powers. If the Havishya is simply dropped in the fire, it only creates fragrant smell and proves useful to limited extent. Without chanting Mantras it will not be possible to derive benefits, which are expected by performing a Yagna. When a Mantra is chanted collectively during a Yagna, its sonic power increases exponentially due to --- (i) the collision of the sound waves (generated by the Mantra chanting) with the thinnest screen flame-screen of the quivering fire of Yagna and the high frequency vibrations generated thereby; (ii) the subtle interactions of the sound-waves of the Mantras with the cosmic energy centre (Devta) associated with their specific configurations as carry Shabdas; (iii) the fundamental thermodynamic effects associated with the fumigation of the sacrificed Havishya in the Yagna fire; (iv) the compounded effects of the vital, mental and causal energies of the people, who are in performing the Yagna. The sound-waves, of the Mantras, instead of proceeding in their natural circular motion, are carried upwards in a spiral form by the force of the electrons generated by fumigation of the Havishya after sublation in Yagna -fire. The mutual collisions of these fast moving electrons along with thesuperimposition of the timely phased, collective sonic patterns of the Mantras result in the penetration in doubt of the ionosphere. The collective chanting of Mantras in specific rhythm in front of the Yagna flames gives rise to unique sound-waves which have infinite radiant effects in the outer space [1]. The subtle effects of Mantras on the consciousness are accomplished only if the reciters are authentic with respect to the proper and controlled use of their voice and tongue in conformity to the integrity and sanctity of their thoughts, emotions, character and deeds in every aspect of life. The subtle science of syllables described in the ancient Indian scriptures classifies four levels of voice (Vani) namely, the Baikhari, Madhyama, Para, and Pashyanti and highlights the importance of the spiritual practices (Sadhanas) of their realization through Gayatri and Yagna. The wonders of ultra and infra levels of sound can be achieved by the refinement of the first and most elementary of the above mentioned four levels of the Vani. The Madhyama type works in the domain of thought waves and if refined further, leads to the subtler sounds of Para and Pashyanti, which are described as theVanis for spiritual communications and conversation with the Brahm. If a spiritually refined, expert performs a Yagna, the Mantras recited by him or her contain the impact of all the four awaken Vanis. Such Yagnas indeed create a spiritually charged atmosphere, which elevates the consciousness of all living beings along with harmonizing the material systems in nature. Advancement of the on going research in the material based analysis of the effects of Yagnas along with of the subtle-science of Yagna and Gayatri would ensure bringing a bright future for humanity and for the life on this earth, as a whole.

References
1. Selected Articles from Akhand Jyoti (Aug. 84, July & Aug. 92, March 93, Sept. 97). Publisher, Akhand Jyoti Sansthan, Mathura. 2. Fumigating Substances used in Yagna --- article published in the proceedings of Ashwamwdha Yagna held in Montreal, Canada (26 to 28 July, 1996). 3. Yagnas Scientific Interpretation --- article published in the proceedings of Ashwamedha Yagna held in Montreal, Canada (26 to 28 July, 1996). 4. Does Yagna Add to the Prevalent Pollution? --- Article published in the proceedings of Ashwamedha Yagna held in Montreal, Canada (26 to 28 July, 1996). 5. Agnihotra : The Message of Time --- Paper by Dr. Madhukar P.Giak-wad. (Presented in the National Symposium on Unification of Modern and Ancient Sciences, held in Andheri, Mumbai on April 30, 1995). 6. Reports and booklets published from Shantikunj, Hardwar and Yug Nirman Yojna, Mathura. 7. The New Age Force of Gayatri --- book by Ashok N. Raval. Published by S. Ramakrishan, Executive Secretary, Bhartiya Vidya Bhavan, Mumbai, 1981.

About the Author:

Shriram Sharma Acharya: A seer-sage and a visionary of the New Golden Era. His personality was a harmonious blend of a saint, spiritual scientist, yogi, philosopher, psychologist, writer, reformer, freedom fighter, researcher, eminent scholar and visionary. He pioneered the revival of spirituality and creative integration of the modern and ancient sciences and religion relevant in the challenging circumstances of the present times. In 1979, he founded the Brahmavarchas Research Institute, the

research center in Haridwar (India) dedicated to the integration of the modern and ancient sciences in a practical way motivated by the noble goal of health and happiness for all. This center houses well equipped laboratories of Haemetology, Biochemistry, Neurophysiology, Cardiology, Phytochemistry, Psychometry, Yagyopathy etc. At the age of 15, (Jan 18th, 1926) a great Himalayan yogi, Swami Sarveshvaranandji appeared before him in astral body from the flame of the Dipaka (lamp) and guided him throughout his entire life. The next 24 years of his life were devoted to 24 Mahapurashcharanas each consisting of the rhythmic recitation (japa) of 2.4 million Gayatri Mantra with strictest of disciplines. In 1943, he married Bhagwati Devi, and ever since, the saintly couple dedicatedly pursued the noble mission of spiritual upliftment of humankind. Realizing the potential of inspiring literature and its relevance in the present era of intellectual evolution, he had chosen writing as the principal mode towards uprooting the evil tendencies and blind faith from peoples minds and arousing the indwelling wisdom, strength and spiritual bliss. He wrote about 3000 enlightening books in Hindi on almost all topics concerning human life. He translated the entire Vedic Vangmaya (4 Vedas, 108 Upanishads, 18 Puranas etc.) in Hindi elucidating the tradition, style, universality and history of Vedic Literature. He also practiced higher-level Sadhana on the arduous heights of the Himalayas and established enliven contact with the Rishis of the Himalayas. During 1984-1986, he carried out the unique spiritual experiment of Sukshmikarana, meaning sublimation of vital force and physical, mental and spiritual energies. He authored a special set of 20 books highlighting the future of the world and conveying the message of the dawn of the New Era of Truth during the 21st Century. On 2nd June 1990, he voluntarily shed his physical sheath.

For more information:

To find out more about Shriram Sharma Acharya and his spiritual establishment visit www.awgp.org Dev Sanskriti Viswa Vidyalaya is a university envisioned by Shriram Sharma Acharya to meet the pressing need to impart global education on scientific spirituality and life style with new thought of ethical, moral and spiritual transformation. Visit www.dsvv.org for more information. English edition of Akhand Jyoti magazine is available online at www.akhandjyoti.org.

Scientific Aspects of Yagna Environmental Effects

(Best Websites Forum)
Subject: Scientific Aspects of Yagna Environmental Effects From: bhattathiri Date: 4/7/2004 2:53:59 AM ( 10 mon ago)

Akhand Jyoti - The Light Divine (Mar - Apr 2003)

Some Scientific Aspects of Yagna Environmental Effects There are two basic energy systems in the physical world: heat and sound. In performing yagna, these two energies, namely, the heat from yagnas fire and the sound of the chanting of the Gayatri and other Vedic Mantras, are blended together to achieve the desired physical, psychological and spiritual benefits. The fumigation, vaporization and subtlisation of specific substances in the yagna-fire constitute a verifiable scientific method of sublimation of matter and expansion of its colloidal state, generates ions and energy with positive effects in the surrounding atmosphere through the specific sonic waves of the mantras. Fumigating Substances Used in Yagna: In order to get an idea of the various chemical changes that take place during the performance of yagna, it is essential to know the various substances used and offered in the yagna-fire. These can be broadly classified into two types: wood (samidh), and a mixture of odoriferous and medicinal herbs (havan smagri)[1, 2]. Wood: Wood has to be dry and free from dust, insects and worms. Wood is cut into small pieces of varying sizes called samidhs depending upon the size of the altar or pit (kunda) in which the yagna is to be performed. Santalum Album (sandalwood), Aquilana Malaccensis and Valeriana Wallchii (borax wood or agar and tagar), Cedrys Libani (cedar or deodar), Mangifera Indica (mango), Butea Frondosa (flame of the forest or palsha), Aegle Marmelos (bengal quince or bilva), Ficus Religiosa (the holy fig or pipal), Ficus Bengalensis (banyan or bargad), Proposis Spicigera (sponge tree or Shami), Ficus Glomerata (wild fig or gular) are considered appropriate for this purpose. The havisya or havan smagri should be prepared with a proper combination of the following. Odoriferous Substances: These are usually saffron, musk, agar, tagar, sandalwood powder, cardamom, nutmeg, javitri and camphor; Substances with Healing properties: clarified butter (ghee), milk, fruits, lin seeds, and cereals like wheat, rice, barley, various millet, gram, peas, etc; Sweet Substances: sugar, dried dates, resin, honey, etc; Medicinal Herbs: These are used as per the specific requirements. Some commonly used herbs are Tinospora cordifolia (tinospora/guduchi or giloya), Bacopa Monieri (bacopa or brhmi), Convolvulus Pluricaulis (shankh pushpi), Mesua Ferrea (cobras saffron or ngkesar), Glycyrrhiza Glabra Bois (liquoric root or mulhati), Red Sandalwood, Terminalia Bellirica (beddanut or bahed), Dry Ginger, and Terminalia Chebula (chebulic myrobalans or harada). Different combinations of these and/or other special herbs are used for the treatment of specific diseases through yagna-therapy. Products of Combustion: The interpretation of the process of combustion in a yagna on a scientific basis is rather difficult due to the following reasons: (i) The properties of substances, which are used here vary; (ii) The conditions under which combustion takes place inside the yagna-fire are very sensitive to the shape of the kunda and the type, quantity and arrangement of wood etc; (iii) the variation in the temperature and thermodynamic effects is quite significant from the top to the bottom of the kunda and it also depends upon the shape and size of the latter. The products of combustion depend on the factors like (a) The nature of substances used and their proportions; (b) Temperature attained; (c) Controlled supply of air and (d) Interaction amongst the various products formed.

Distillation of Wood: Besides the complete combustion of the cellulose material of wood, it is also subjected to distillation. This happens due to the way samidhs are arranged in the kunda (also called yagna kunda or havan kunda)2 and the levels of temperature and air supply which prevail in it. Vaporization of Odorous Substances: The temperature attained by the kunda varies between 250C and 600C, while in the actual flames it can rise as high as 1200C to 1300C. At their boiling points, the volatile constituents vaporize and their gaseous forms get diffused. Also, when cellulose and other carbohydrates undergo combustion, steam is formed in copious quantities by the combination of the hydrogen of the decomposed organic molecules with the oxygen. This is how the substances like thymol, eugenol, pinene, terpinol etc., are dispersed to in the surroundings and the aroma of a yagna can be smelt at a considerable distance. In addition to steam, smoke is emitted in large quantities and solid particles existing in a decomposed state offer sufficient scope for its diffusion. Thus smoke also functions as a colloidal vehicle for the spreading of volatile aromatic substances. This process depends on the inside and surrounding temperature and on the direction of the wind. Combustion of Fatty Substances: The fatty substances used in yagna are mainly ghee and other fatty substances of vegetable origin. Ghee helps in rapid combustion of cellulose of wood and keeps the fire alight. All fatty substances used are combinations of fatty acids, which volatilize easily. The combustion of glycerol portion gives acetone bodies, pyruvic aldehyde and glyoxal etc. The hydrocarbons produced in the reactions again undergo slow combustion and as a result methyl and ethyl alcohols, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, formic acid and acetic acids are formed. Photochemical Process: The vaporized products diffused in the atmosphere are also subjected to photochemical reactions in the sunlight. They undergo photochemical decomposition, oxidation and reduction reactions. To some extent even CO2 is also reduced to formaldehyde as follows: CO2 + H2O + 112,000 cal = HCHO + O2 From an environmental angle, the reduction of CO2caused by yagna as explained above and the liberation of oxygen cannot be overemphasized. Similar kinds of other useful reactions take place in the presence of specific radiations from the sunrays. This may be perhaps the reason it has been recommended that yagna should be performed during sunlight. Inverted Pyramid Shaped Yagna Kunda: The word pyramid means the fire in the middle. This meaning is closely associated with the inexplicable energies emanating from its center and shape. The pyramid shape is widely known to generate and store a special energy field, which possesses bacteriostatic properties. The inverted pyramid shape of the agni kunda allows controlled generation and multidirectional dissipation of energy. It acts as a generator of unusual energy fields and spreads them in its surrounding atmosphere. Apart from the pyramid shape, some other special symmetric geometrical designs are also used according to the kind of energy fields and the cosmic currents one wishes to generate by the yagna. Specific types of kundas are recommended for different kinds of yagnas. The shapes and properties of the common agnihotra pot and some yagna kundas are illustrated in reference no. 3 cited below. Chanting of Sanskrit Mantras: The power of sound vibrations has since long been acknowledged in the field of science. With substantial amplification these vibrations can penetrate the energy spheres at the subtle and cosmic levels. All the alphabets of the Sanskrit language are endowed with special impulsive phonetics, which send out harmonious wave patterns when pronounced.

With the advent of spectrographic techniques and instruments like the Multichannel Tonograph and Retrometer, it has now become possible to study the sound effects of mantras in relation to yagna. The patterns of chanting of the mantras are so designed that they latently contain the essence of the music or the quintessential sound of the torrent of life-sustaining energies emanating from the cosmic energy center of the corresponding mantras. (The cosmic energy center associated with the Gayatri Mantra is the Sun). The chanting of these mantras produces vibrations, which are soothing to human mind and all plant and animal life. These vibrations also help in spreading specific energy waves in the surrounding atmosphere while the oblations are offered[3-5]. Purification of Environment by Yagna: The huge industrial complexes, rapid urbanization, deforestation, air and water pollution, ozone-depletion, radioactive wastes etc., have disturbed and destabilized the natural harmony of human, animal and plant life cycles. The ecological imbalance caused by these criminal acts of the so called civilized man has resulted in a disastrous threat, not only to the human survival but, also to life as a whole on our planet. Experimental studies show that the incidences of physical ailments, sickness and/or diseases become less in the houses where the yagna or agnihotra[3] is regularly performed because it creates a pure, hygienic, nutritional and healing atmosphere. It renews the brain cells, revitalizes the skin, purifies the blood and prevents growth of pathogenic bacteria. Agnihotra is basically a healing process. Heal the atmosphere and the healed atmosphere will heal you, says Dr. Madhukar Gaikwad[6]. The medicinal fumes emanating from the process of agnihotra have been observed by researchers in the field of microbiology to be clearly bacteriostatic in nature, which eradicate bacteria and micro-organisms, the root causes of illness and diseases. This must be the reason why the incidence of physical ailments, sickness and diseases becomes less in the households where agnihotra is regularly performed. Purification of environment through the constituent electrically charged particles of the substances fumigated in yagna is an obvious byproduct of this process. The observations of some distinguished scientists (as reported in the reference nos. [2-5]) are noteworthy in this regard. According to Dr. Hafkine, the smoke produced by burning the mixture of ghee and sugar kills the germs of certain diseases; inhaling it from some distance induces secretion from certain glands related to the windpipe that fill our heart and mind with relaxation. Burning sugar and its smoke has a significant effect in purifying the atmosphere. It kills the germs of T.B., measles, smallpox and cow-pox remarks Prof. Tilward. A Russian Scientist named Dr. Shirowich mentions that if cows ghee is put into the fire, its smoke will lessen the effect of atomic radiation to a great extent. He also related this process to yagna. Particularly effective results with respect to the elimination or reduction in radiation were achieved through yagnas fire and ash. These observations are made by Dr. L. Matela Anatoninhowska of Poland after using P.S.I. techniques[2]. Even without going into detailed chemical bacteriology, it appears highly probable that performing yagna leads to the purification of air in view of the following (as reported in the reference nos. [2, 5]): Removal of Foul Odors: As already stated, under steam volatilization, the various volatile oils get diffused in the surrounding atmosphere along with steam and smoke. Since these oils have distinctly good smells, the foul odors are automatically neutralized. This aroma can be effortlessly smelt in the surroundings when yagna is performed. It is due to the diffusion of substanceslike thynol, eugenol, piene, terpinol and oils of sandalwood, camphor and clove. Removal of Bacteria: As stated under products of combustion, the partial oxidation of hydrocarbons and decomposition of complex organic substances produce formaldehyde, which is a powerful antiseptic. It is also interesting to note that the germicidal action of formaldehyde is effective only in the presence of water vapor, which is also produced in large quantities in yagna. The use of formaldehyde sprays for disinfecting of walls, ceilings etc., is common and such an effect is automatically produced when yagna is performed. The oxidation of hydrocarbons produces formic acid and acetic acid, both of which are good disinfectants. Use of formic acid for preservation

of fruits and that of acetic acid in preserving vinegar is a common practice. The antiseptic and antibiotic effects of the smoke of yagna have also been examined by conducting laboratory experiments on rabbits and mice and it has been established that smoke emitted in yagna is a powerful antibiotic. Agnihotra ash is also found to purify and cleanse the water, making it fit for drinking[6]. Removal of Insects: There are non-bacterial parasites like flies, ringworm, dice fleas etc., which are normally difficult to deal with since bacteriocides which can be used against them are also harmful to other living organisms. Such insects are generally immune to ordinary reagents. However they either get killed or are driven away when they come in contact with volatile oils like camphor, which are diffused in the environment during the performance of yagna. Effects on Plants and Vegetation: The disinfection of air is not only useful to animal life but it also helps plant life. The aromatic substances, which get diffused in the air through Agnihotra offer protection to plant life against harmful organisms. This ensures a healthy plant growth. Agnihotras atmosphere and ash can be used as adjuvants in the natural farming methods also known as the agnihotra farming methods. It is a holistic concept of growing plants in pure and healthy atmosphere and balancing the ecological cycles by performing agnihotra (yagna) in the middle of the farm and using the yagna-ash as a fertilizer. Several experiments have been conducted in the East European countries on the use of yagna ash in soil treatment. These, too, have shown positive effects and potential applications in Agriculture[7]. Role of CO2 Generated in Yagna: The wood and fossil burning in atmosphere is always controversial because of the generation of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide and a consequent increase in the green house effect. On this basis it can be argued that yagna also produces CO and CO2. It should be noted here that the way in which the samidhs are burnt in yagna is a process of slow combustion. It is not comparable to the burning of coal in the factories or household fire or running of steam engines etc, where oxygen is sucked in large quantities and CO2 is emitted likewise. In the slow combustion process that takes place in yagna, a small quantity of O2 is utilized and CO2 is emitted in a quantity that poses no threat to the environment. In fact whatever CO2 is generatedis readily absorbed by the surrounding plant life and vegetation and thus the CO2 cycle is strengthened[5]. Another important fact to be noted is that CO2 produced in yagna is not free CO2. It is mixed with the vapors of other aromatic oils and antiseptic products. It acts as a vehicle in transporting such products to the surroundings. The use of CO2 as a cerebral stimulant to assist patients suffering from lack of ventilation is a common practice in the medical field. Its use in controlling and curing many mental disorders is also known to medical science. Small amounts of CO2 inhaled by the persons performing yagna act as a stimulant for inhaling more and more aromatic fumes which helps in curing mental disorders.

Results of Some Recent Experiments: A group of scientists led by Dr. Manoj Garg, Director, Environmental and Technical Consultants in association with the experts from the Uttar Pradesh Pollution Control Board had conducted experiments during the Ashwamedha Yagna at Gorakhpur, U.P. These experiments were set up at about 20 meters east of the Yagnashala. The samples of 100 ml each of water and air collected from the surroundings were analyzed, using high volume Envirotech APM-45 and other sensitive instruments for testing water and air pollution. A summary of their results as reported in Akhand Jyoti, Sept. 97 p.22, (ref no. [1]), showed an average reduction by 75% in the level of Sulphur Dioxide and about 10% in Nitrus Oxide; and Over 70% reduction in bacteria in water samples in the surrounding area. Several medicinal minerals were present in the ash (bhasma) of yagna. The average level of carbon monoxide was found reduced from 117 p.p.m. to 0 in some of the experiments conducted on domestic yagnas at IIT Bombay (unpublished results); There are some more ongoing experiments on recording different gas levels and respirable particles are currently ongoing, being conducted by some visiting scientists at Brahm Varchas Research Center of Gayatri Teerth, Shantikunj,

Hardwar. Yagna, thus, appears to be a promising scientific, cost effective, eco-friendly method to counter the everincreasing deadly pollution of the environment and purify and enrich the environment with healthy ingredients. May the environmental scientists and the experts of the Vedic Science of Yagna come together to enable its global expansion. The Dev Sanskriti Vishwavidyalaya at Shantikunj, Hardwar is venturing to be a pacesetter in this regard. REFERENCES: Selected Articles from Akhand Jyoti (Aug. 84, July & Aug. 92, March 93, Sept. 97). Publisher, Akhand Jyoti Sansthan, Mathura. Fumigating Substances used in Yagna article published in the proceedings of the Ashwamedha Yagna held in Montreal, Canada (26 to 28 July, 1996). The Integral Science of Yagna. Book Published in 1998 by Yug Nirman Yojna, Mathura. Yagnas Scientific Interpretation article published in the proceedings of Ashwamedha Yagna held in Montreal, Canada (26 to 28 July, 1996). Does Yagna Add to the Prevalent Pollution? article published in the proceedings of Ashwamedha Yagna held in Montreal, Canada (26 to 28 July, 1996). Agnihotra: The Message of Time Paper by Dr. Madhukar P. Gaikwad. (Presented in the National Symposium on Unification of Modern and Ancient Sciences, held in Andheri, Mumbai on April 30, 1995). Personal Communication with Dr. Vasant Rao Paranjape (www.theromoline.com) Notes: Sublimation (in chemistry): The process by which a solid is converted, on heating directly, into a gas, without going through a liquid state. Only a small number of solids sublime; e.g. carbon dioxide, CO2 and Iodine, I2. Some solids that do melt to form a liquid still evaporate quite rapidly if kept below their melting-points; e.g. Iodine and sulphur. This is also sublimation, and can be used as a method of purification. Kunda (Agni-Kunda or yagna-kunda): The pit or small metallic vessel of a special design for yagngni. Agnihotra (Havans or homam): Small-scale yagna that could be performed every-day at home.

Yagyopathy: Applications of Yajna for Healing

Published by Akhandjyoti Magazine 2003 May June 2003 . http://www.akhandjyoti.org/?Akhand-Jyoti/2003/May-June/YagyopathyApplicationsHealing/ Amidst the fascinating achievements of the modern era of science and technology in improving our comfort levels, stress and pollution have posed the major challenges for our well-being. The world is beginning to realize that the comforts provided to us by modern science and technology do not necessarily always make life happier. In fact apart from stress and tension, more and more unknown diseases, untold anxiety and fear are caused by the highly polluted environment and ecological imbalances. This has raised alarm bells for rethinking and changing the life style and mode of healthy management. Yajna appears to be a godsend gift of the ancient Indian sciences for achieving this purpose [1-3]. In this article, we highlight possible medicinal applications of yajna in terms of some recently reported research findings. Some Case Studies on Results of Research in Scientific Laboratories: The following sample of experiments and case studies were reported in [4]. Some Physiological Studies: In his study Dr. Selvamurthy has observed neurophysiological effects of the mantras of a special kind of agnihotra (described in [3]), which is performed at the time of sunrise and sunset. In this experimental study eight healthy men were chosen as subjects. They reported on two consecutive days: First day was for control recording when rituals of agnihotra were performed but instead of the prescribed mantras, some irrelevant syllables were uttered at specific time periods. Next day the agnihotra was performed with proper mantras. Recording of physiological parameters viz. heartbeat rate, ECG lead-II, blood pressure etc were made on both days. The results showed that while the mind (brain waves) remained unaltered during the first day agnihotra, significant changes occurred after the proper agnihotra; these included (a) G.S.R. remained significantly higher during the proper agnihotra; (b) ECG showed DC shift in the base line; (c) EEG showed alpha enhancement and delta suppression for more than 15 minutes. Diabetic Treatment: The urine sugar level of some acute diabetic patients was found to be totally absent and the level of blood sugar was reduced to normal just after two to three weeks of daily agnihotra. (A sample of these pathological reports is shown in [3]). Relief from Drug Addictions: An officer of 25 years age who had been a poly drug abuser in the past was selected for the study by Lt. Col. G.R. Golecha, a senior advisor in the psychiatry division of the Indian army. The patient was at that time addicted to heroin for 2 years. He had underwent some de-addiction courses twice in the past with no benefit and had become de-motivated and resistant to such methods. He was then introduced to agnihotra. The practice of agnihotra resulted in improving his motivation to abstain from smack and showed significant decrease in his urge for it within a few weeks. Bhopal Gas Tragedy and Agnihotra: The tragic incident occurred on the night of December 3, 1984 when the poisonous MIC gas leaked from Union Carbide factory at Bhopal. Hundreds of people died and thousands were hospitalized but there were two families those of Shri Sohan Lal S Khushwaha and Shri M.L. Rathore, living about one mile away from the plant who came out unscathed. These families were regularly performing agnihotra (havan). In these families nobody died, nobody was even hospitalized despite being present in the area worst affected by the leakage of the toxic gas. This observation implies that agnihotra is a proven antidote to pollution. (English Daily-"The Hindu of 4-5-85; news item under the heading Vedic Way to Beat Pollution.) The Yagyopathy Lab at Brahm- varchas: The Brahmvarchas Research Centre was established by Pandit Shriram Sharma Acharya in 1979. It is situated at the Saptsarover road about 6 kilometers from the Hardwar railway station in the direction of Rishikesh, in India. This centre is actively working for the integration of the modern and ancient sciences. Innovative scientific research work is being carried out here in the science of spirituality. Apart from a dedicated team of scientists, doctors and engineers and other scholars of high calibre and well equipped laboratories for relevant research in different scientific disciplines including neurology, biochemistry, haemetology, phytochemistry and sound therapy etc, other features of attraction here are

collections of about 450 herbs which include some rare species of the Himalayan herbs and the yagyopathy lab. The Ayurvedic (herbal medicine) lab of this centre and its pharmaceutical unit have produced new herbal medicines that have shown superb healing results in some cases of nervous system disorders, asthma, heart diseases, diabetes, lung infections, a wide variety of skin diseases and the diseases of the eyes and ears. Tens of thousands of patients benefit every year from the free consultancy and pure herbal medicines available at no-profit prices here. The yagyopathy lab studies the properties and effects of these herbs when sublimated in the fire of yajna. The yagyopathy laboratory has a havan kunda placed in a glass chamber and a gas analysis wing for the collection and analysis of the fumes and vapors of yajna. The efficacy of various herbal ingredients in the havishya and the quality of the samidhas are assessed in the phytochemistry lab, which is equipped with units like the gas-liquid chromatograph. The purpose is to analyze the raw content in the beginning and what is left after these substances have been fumigated [5, 6]. Blood samples are kept in the glass chamber when it is full of the fumes and vapors during the daily yajna (havan) and the changes in the blood biochemistry and haemetological parameters are recorded for these samples. A large number of experiments are carried out on random samples of healthy and diseased persons, living on the Shantikunj and Brahmvarchas campuses for prescribed periods. The subjects include the sadhakas as well as the non-sadhakas of all age groups (both men and women) from all walks of life irrespective of their social or religious background. During such experiments, the subjects are asked to sit in the glass chamber and inhale the fumes of yajna for specific periods of time. A thorough analysis of their bodies and minds is made before and after performing this experiment. The measurements (carried out by chromatographs, multi-channel physiographs, etc) of the above experiments include haemetological parameters like Hb, TRBC, TWBC, Platelets, RBC fragility etc; biochemical changes like those in the levels of blood urea, sugar, cholesterol, cretinine, SGOT, SGPT etc; and the immunological changes like the antibody levels and innate immunity towards various pathogenic offending organisms. The EEG, EMG and ECG recordings are carried out in the neurophysiology labs. The psychometry lab assesses the aptitude, learning potential, memory, the intelligence quotient, emotional quotient and the overall personality makeup of the subjects. The cases are followed upon at regular intervals (e.g. after performing yajna regularly for a week, or a month etc.) These experiments may be extended, in collaboration with some neurochemists, to also record the levels of various hormones like cortisol, thyroxin, ACTH, androgens etc in the endocrinology lab. The general conclusion of the results obtained so far is that performing yajna significantly enhances the vitality and resistance against adverse metero-biological changes and against the invasion of otherwise lethal viruses and bacteria. Mental peace, emotional stability and creative development of the mind are the general observations of the analysis on the psychological fronts. Potential of Yagyopathy in Curing Psychosomatic Diseases: In a physical laboratory it might not be possible to get and demonstrate the spiritual effects of yajna, but certainly the physical and mental effects of yajnas can be tested, and the claims to cure physical and mental diseases through yajna can be verified [1-3]. It is to be noted here that the traditional systems of treatment of physical diseases employ medicines, which are mostly administered orally. They therefore produce effects only after they have been digested and absorbed into the system. Major part of the medicine taken orally is not utilized by the digestive system. Oral medicines also upset digestion seriously. The same is more or less true of medicines directly injected into the blood. They produce quicker results, but their adverse side-effects are more pronounced. White corpuscles of the blood resent intrusion of any foreign bodies into the blood, and sometimes the reaction of the system to the sudden, massive and direct intrusion of foreign matter into the blood through injection is most serious, and even fatal. In a yajna, medicines and herbs are vaporized by offering them into the sacrificial fire, and they

enter the human system in a gaseous form through the nose, lungs and the pores of the skin. This could prove to be the easiest, least taxing, least risky and most effective method of administering a medicine so as to reach every single cell of the body. The possibilities of curing mental diseases by yajna are even more encouraging. Diagnosis and treatment of mental diseases is still in its infancy in the modern systems of treatment. There are neither well-established diagnostic aids, nor any recognized system of treatment of diseases like Neurosis, Psychosis, Schizophrenia, Depression, Tension, Melancholia, Mania, Hysteria, etc. On the other hand, psychosomatic diseases are even more rampant than physical diseases and they break their victims even more acutely than the latter. Symptoms of psychosomatic diseases, except in extreme and advanced cases, are not so apparent, and that may explain why enough attention has not been paid to them. The stress and strain of modern life, degradation of social norms and all-pervasive fall in moral values are contributing to an alarming increase in psychosomatic diseases. Yajna might offer a solution to this serious problem as well. The Brahmavarchas Research Centre, Shantikunj, Hardwar has taken up research on these aspects of yajna. Their initial results on several experimental groups (who performed yajna with specific herbs for a prescribed duration every day for about fifteen days to a month) of patients suffering from depression, anxiety, stress, etc have been very positive and promising as compared to the control groups (of patients who did not perform yajna). The experiments would be extended to thorough analysis of yajna-ash, which is said to contain certain ingredients that soothe, pacify and tranquilize the mind. The technique of yajna for the treatment of physical and mental diseases does not comprise mere vaporization of the medicines or herbs to be used, but various samidhas (special kind of wood pieces) are offered into the sacrificial fire of yajna to create the desired effects. Research on all these aspects of yajna is also being conducted in the laboratory of Brahmvarchas Research Centre. It might well lead to the development of a new scientifically established mode of alternative therapy yagyopathy, like Allopathy, Homeopathy, Chromopathy, Naturopathy, etc. It would also offer a unique benefit of preventive cure and healthy development of body and mind together with spiritual elevation. The technical details and results of this experimental research will be published subsequently in the relevant scientific journals to give directions for therapeutic use of different herbal medicines by means of yajna and further research on herbal medicine and to establish firm ground for other scientific applications of yajna. Newer Directions: In the recent years, the established healing therapies have begun to recognize the role of psychology in prevention and cure of diseases of different kinds. As the atmosphere, praa and mind are interlinked; the individuals naturally experience relaxation, peace, quietening of the mind, loss of worries and stress in the yajna atmosphere [5-6]. The increase in the level of prana (vital energy) in the atmosphere when a yajna is performed was also recorded with the help of Kirilian photographs of human hands before and after yajna in the experiments conducted by Dr. Matthias Ferbinger of Germany [5]. The atmosphere surrounding the place where a yajna (or agnihotra) is being performed and the ash produced in the kunda are suffused with energetic currents and soothing and uplifting ambience. Further scientific research and large scale experiments on the potentials of yagyopathy will help make it a distinct, alternative therapy of far-reaching benefits to humanity at large and open up newer directions for constructive integration of the modern and the ancient sciences. REFERENCES 1. Selected Articles from Akhand Jyoti (Aug. 84, July & Aug. 92, March 93, Sept. 97). Publisher, Akhand Jyoti Sansthan, Mathura. 2. Fumigating Substances used in Yajna article published in the proceedings of Ashwamedha Yagna held in Montreal, Canada (26 to 28 July, 1996). 3. "The Integrated Science of Yagna"; book compiled by Dr. R. R. Joshi. Publ. Yug Nirman Yojna, Mathura (1999).

4. "Agnihotra: The Message of Time" Paper by Dr. Madhukar P. Gaikwad. (Presented in the National Symposium on Unification of Modern and Ancient Sciences, held in Andheri, Mumbai on April 30, 1995). 5. Yajnas Scientific Interpretation article published in the proceedings of Ashwamedha Yajna held in Montreal, Canada (26 to 28 July, 1996). "The New Age Force of Gayatri"; book by Ashok N. Raval. Publ. Bhartiya Vidya Bhavan, Mumbai (1981).

Science of Yaja
From: Form and Spirit of Vedic Ritual Worship: Procedure Of Yagya . By Pandit Shriram Sharma Acharya Many powerful streams are hidden in the yjic matras. Just as the combination of right words with the right musical notes can create many harmonious tunes which influence people in various ways, similarly the chanting of mantras also produce particular kinds of sound waves which have far-reaching effects on Nature and the subtle aspects of creation as well as on the gross and subtle bodies of human beings. The powerful essence of a yaja which becomes infused in the atmosphere can destroy many unhealthy germs which are floating around in the air. Performing a yaja is a much more potent way of dealing with them than the spraying of insecticides or taking preventive medicines and injections. Yaja is the only remedy for prevention of infections during epidemics. Medicines can be used only in a limited number of places by a limited number of people but the purified air rising from the yaja reaches far and wide and protects even those who do not make any effort to immunise themselves. Yaja protects not only the health of human beings but also that of the plant and animal world. The heat generated by the fire of the yaja leaves a stamp of sanctity on the innermost core of a human being. The ground and the surroundings of the place where the yaja is performed bear the indelible effects of its sanctity and have a long-lasting influence on those who visit the place. In olden days the places where big yaja were performed were treated as places of pilgrimage. As a matter of fact even the homes in which yaja were performed it is considered to be holy and those who visited these homes were blessed by noble feelings and thoughts. The power of yaja can especially inspire and enliven women, children and even embryos in the womb and yjic surroundings have been known to infuse them with positive thoughts. A personality distorted by evil thoughts, perverted values and wrong deeds can be transformed by yaja and therefore it has been called the destroyer of evil. It has also been called the bestower of heaven because a wise and noble character purified by the influence of yaja can enjoy heavenly bliss every moment of life. By actively participating in the performance of a yaja, the thick layers of impurities which have collected on the surface of the soul are easily removed. As a result the light of consciousness is easily reflected through it and day by day the Brhmaic qualities keep increasing within the human being so that the ultimate goal of union of the tman with Paramtman becomes very easy. Just as the broken bits of steel are welded together by fire, in the same way yaja brings about the joining together of the tman and Paramtman. This purity of spirit and perfection can be attained through yaja and so a third of ones life should be devoted to yjic activities. It is necessary for the environment to be surcharged with yjic vibrations so that there is a progressive diminishing of negative values and a corresponding increase of positive ones. Yajas performed with strict observance of rules are so powerful that they can easily remove mental disturbances and aberrations. Yaja can be used as a special treatment to cure mental diseases and negative emotional and mental propensities such as lust, anger, greed, attachments, pride, vanity, jealousy, hatred, cowardice, laziness, fears etc. can be overcome and any incurable physical diseases can also be cured by the performing of yaja. There are also several material gains of yaja. The environment which is constantly polluted by our bodywastes, the breath we exhale, industrial emissions etc is the cause of many illnesses. We should purify the air as much as we pollute it and this can be done only by yaja.The need to protect the health of the community can thus be fulfilled. The smoke arising from the yaja goes up to the sky and fertilises the clouds. When these clouds burst and come down to Earth as rain. Then the natural fertilisers help in producing healthy grass, grain, fruit and vegetables which provide nourishment to human beings and other living creatures. The vibrations of chanting of the mantras empowered by the worship pervade the surrounding air and have a cleansing effect on the mind. Thus, together with the physical, the mental health of people of that area improves. Many special yajas are performed following special rules for the fulfillment of certain particular desires. King Dasaratha performed the putrei yaja and was thereafter blessed by four illustrious sons. The pancgni

vidy described in detail in the Agni Pura and the Upniads reveals the mystery of this yaja. Vivmitra and other Riis performed many special yaja for the destruction of the demons. Rma and Lakmaa themselves had to accompany Vivmitra to protect the yajas from being despoiled by the demons. After the battle of Lank, Rma had performed ten Avamedha yaja and at end of the Mahbhrata war, Kaa had instructed the Pavas to perform a Mahyaja to dispel the negative influences of grief and sorrow that had spread in the atmosphere. The only remedy for counteracting any increase of demoniac influences in the environment is to perform as many yajas as possible. There is the same sort of negativity in the air today and a tremendous degree of selfishness has spread after the two world wars of this century. In this context it is all the more important to infuse new life into the yaja worship today.

FUMIGATING SUBSTANCES. THEIR ANALYSES

From: Agnihotra, by Satya Prakash. C- MILK AND B UTTER Ghee or Clarified Butter The composition of cows and buffalos milk according to Godbole and Sadgopal is as follows.

Ghee or Clarified Butter The composition of cows and buffalos milk according to Godbole and Sadgopal is as follows. The composition of healthy cows milk as given by A.W. Blyth (Foods : Their composition and analysis, 1909, p. 204) is as follows: Parts per cent by weight Milk fat: Butyrin : Caproin : Caprylin : Caprin : Laurin : Myristicin : Palmitin : Stearin : Olein : Casein : Albumin : Milk Sugar : Ash : Water : 0.15 0.14 0.02 0.07 0.29 0.79 1.00 0.07 1.37 3.00 0.40 4.75 0.75 87.2

3.90

The ash of the milk has the following composition: Pottassium oxide : Sodium Oxide : Calcium oxide : Ferric oxide : Chlorine : Magensium oxide : Phosphorous pentoxide 18.82 11.58 22.97 0.6 16.23 3.31 27.03

The general composition of butter fat as given by Blyth (ibid., p. 272) is as follows: Olein : 42.21 Stearin and Stearic and Palmitin : 50.00 Oleic acid : 40.40 Palmitic acid : 47.50

Butyrin : 4.67 Caproin : 3.02 Caprylin and Rutin : 0.10

Butyric acid : 3.49 Caproic acid : 2.40 Rutic acid : 0.08Olein : 42.21 Oleic acid :

Bell obtained the following products by saponifying 100 parts of butter fat. Butyric acid : Caproic, caprylic and capric acids : Mysristic, palmitic and stearic acids : Oleic acid : Glycerol : 6.13 2.09 49.46 36.10 12.54

Browne (J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 1899, 21, 807) has given the detailed analysis as follows:

According to Duclaux (Compt. Rend. 1886, 102, 1022) butter fat contains 2 to 2.26 per cent of capric and from 3.38 to 3.65 per cent of butyric acids. Lewkowitsch finds only 0.49 per cent of stearic acid in the insoluble fatty acid, of butter fat. In the following table, are given the results of the analysis of cow-butterfat and bufafalo-butterfat as given by Godbole and Sadgopal. For comparison, the values given by Holde, Bleyberg and Grun regarding the cowbutterfat are also shown.

D-GRAINS AND CEREALS Rice

Rice is obtained from the Oryza sativa and the term is popularly applied only to the seed denuded of husk and inner cuticle, the composition of which is as follows. Water Nitrogenous substance Fate Starch Woody fibre Ash 14.41 % 6.94 0.51 77.61 0.08 0.45

The oil which is obtained form the rice embryo has a density of 0.924 at 15o and at 5oC becomes thick and buttery. It contains much olein and an albuminous substance. (A. Pavesi and E. Rotondi Gaz. Chimica Italiana IV, 192-195) The composition of the ash of rice is as follows: Pottash Soda Lime Magnesia Ferric oxide Phosphoric acid Sulphuric acid Silica Chlorine 21.73 5.50 3.24 11.20 1.23 53.68 0.62 2.70 0.10

A. W. Blyth and M.W. Blyth, Food, 1909, 174

Agnihotra: Brief Remarks from Combustion Sciences.

By Harish Chandra. Btech (IIT Kanpur), PhD (Princeton). http://www.arizonaenergy.org/FireEnergy/agnihotra1.htm Dayananda Institute of Vedic Studies Introduction: Agnihotra is daily ritual to be performed by every Arya twice a day. It is one of the five great duties (pancamahayajna) of every householder. Even in the student life, a brahmacari is expected to perform the same in his/her gurukula. It has been an integral part of the Indian tradition that every marriage ceremony includes agnihotra. So much so that the young man and woman, as the bridegroom and the bride, conduct the same as their very first act together soon after taking the vows to live together. It is also called by the names of devayajna, havana and homa. The last word homa is interesting that it sounds similar to the word home in the English language. Could it be that a house is worthy to be called home only if homa is conducted therein everyday! Vedic seers invented the fire for the benefit of the mankind. While life without fire is unthinkable in the present times when almost all the technical gadgets perform with the help of the fire only directly or indirectly. Of course, the sun is the primary source of energy for all the inhabitants on the earth, and the sun is nothing but a huge fireball in itself. The man-made transportation systems on land, air, sea, undersea and space function with the help of myriad of engines that utilize the thermal energy of one fuel or another through a fire in its combustion chamber. The thermal power plants generate electricity through a fire only. And, most importantly, we eat so many kinds of dishes after cooking them on fire. Thus, the ability to generate fire at our will must have been the foremost invention of the Vedic seers long ago in the faculty of the material sciences. Indeed, the very first word of the Rigveda, the very first book in the library of the mankind is agni, meaning fire, in addition to many other things. But the most remarkable thing for the Vedic seers to invent is the ritual of agnihotra. It demonstrates their understanding of the fire to the extent that they made it mandatory for everyone, twice a day. Prima facie, it sounds senseless to put the useful and valuable substances into the fire. This is what will be discussed briefly, and at the end we would be left with an appreciation for the great ingenuity of the ancient Vedic seers. The Rsis in ancient India understood the mechanism of fire, its ability to break up the substances into vapor phase, and the related buoyancy and other aerodynamic effects that it can be used as a mechanism to cleanse the air both indoor and outdoor. They knew the principle of Conservation of Mass, what is stated in the modern terminology as No mass is created or destroyed. They knew that the oblations of different substances that are put into the fire may appear to vanish, but they dont vanish in the truest sense. They merely become difficult to be seen by the naked eye because they have been transformed into vapor phase. Its as simple as evaporation of water that becomes invisible but it continues to exist in the form of the water vapor. Indeed this is what causes rainmaking clouds. Vedic seers made the ritual of agnihotra, a multi-dimensionally useful affair. It became a spiritually enlightening experience because the selected verses from the Vedas and other allied Vedic literature were recited during the course of agnihotra. It became a family/community affair strengthening the bond of love among one another because it is performed in a group. Of course, it cleanses the air both within the room and outside too. Thus, it is the most ancient science to fight air pollution even in those days when man was polluting the air and water to minimum extent, certainly several thousands times less that what he is doing today. Agnihotra can elevate us in all the domains of body, prana, mind, intellect, and the innermost spirit too. It encompasses all the meanings that are conveyed by the word Yajna. The word is derived from the root yaj that stands for devapuja sangatikarana danesu. That is, Yajna is a karma that should be 1) in due honor of devas, both sentient and insentient, 2) an assembly of noble souls, and 3) in the nature of sacrifice. Agnihotra can truly be characterized as a Yajna because first, it is for cleansing of air, a devata of insentient nature. Furthermore, it enhances the characteristics of the herbal substances (that are also devatas in nature) multifold, as we will see later. Two, it is a group activity when a number of people assemble together with a positive frame of mind and intellect. Three, it amounts to making a sacrifice from a personal point of view though the benefits of the same would be obtained by all beings in general. The oblations of many valuable substances are offered into the fire, which amounts to sacrifice. The Verses are chanted with the endings of idam na mama, i.e. this is not mine. This reinforces in mind that all the material possessions of ours in the

world are actually not quite proprietary in nature; it is merely for the purposes of transfer and diffusion to others in keeping into the spirit that all the wealth is actually that of the creator He is the true Creator and Owner. What follows is a brief description of agnihotra from the combustion sciences point of view. It is assumed that the readers are familiar with the ritual of agnihotra as such. Understanding the Essentials of Combustion Combustion is said to occur if a fuel is oxidized (generally by the atmospheric oxygen) giving rise to thermal energy. Typically, mere presence of the fuel and oxygen does not lead to combustion. For example, there is fuel and oxygen present in the automotive fuel tank but no combustion takes place therein. It must be initiated by a source of ignition - what a spark plug does in a gasoline engine or a lighted matchstick may do in the fuel tank. Once the combustion takes place, thermal heat is produced that was inherent in the particular fuel. This gives rise to increase in temperature. Some fuels release much more energy than some other fuels. For example, typical hydrocarbons fuels such as methane, propane, gasoline, diesel, etc. have their thermal energy in the range of 10,000 calories per gram of fuel, called Calorific Value of the fuel. Upon combustion (that is, oxidation by atmospheric oxygen) the final temperatures may be as high as 2500 degree Celsius, called the adiabatic flame temperature of the particular fuel. There are fuels that have smaller calorific values such as cellulose materials, wood being one of them. Typical firewood may have calorific value around 3000 calories per gram of fuel - about one-third of the hydrocarbon fuel. This is easy to understand because hydrocarbon fuels have only carbon and hydrogen atoms in their molecular structure while cellulose materials have oxygen atoms too in addition to the carbon and hydrogen atoms. That means that the molecular structure of cellulose materials has embedded oxygen atoms. In other words, they are partly oxidized within their molecular structure and upon combustion they can be further oxidized by the atmospheric oxygen to the remaining lesser extent only. Hence their calorific value is much lower. Upon combustion, they are likely to cause maximum temperatures in the range of 800 - 1200 degree Celsius only. Upon complete combustion, we expect formation of carbon dioxide and water vapor as the products. Due to the deficiency in the availability of oxygen, or other possible reasons some fuel remains unburned, or gets only partially oxidized to carbon monoxide. Unburned fuel and carbon monoxide are considered undesirable pollutants for the atmosphere. Also, if the combustion gives rise to high temperatures in the range of 2000 degree Celsius or above then the atmospheric nitrogen and oxygen may react with each other, forming the oxides of nitrogen - another family of undesirable pollutants. Thus, we can see that while combustion of a fuel gives rise to thermal energy, it produces some undesirable pollutants such as unburned fuel, carbon monoxide and the oxides of nitrogen. Nowadays, when man is using energy in greatly unchecked manner even carbon dioxide is considered as undesirable because of it being one of the so-called greenhouse gases. Combustion in Agnihotra Agnihotra consists of a base fire generated in a specially designed vessel built/fixed on the surface of the level ground. Burning firewood of certain specified characteristics forms the base fire. Firewood being a cellulose material has much lower calorific value. The base fire has much lower temperatures than in the typical engines. To this base fire, certain substances are added periodically in the form of oblations. Purified butter (ghrtam) and several herbal substances are added into the base fire. Maharsi Dayananda Sarasvati (1824-83) has stated in Satyartha-Prakasa that the herbal substances to be added into agnihotra should be 1) wholesome, i.e. health givers, 2) anti-bacterial, 3) aroma-builders, i.e. deodorants, and 4) sweeteners. It should be emphasized that the purpose of agnihotra is not to burn the substances that are added in the form of oblations, rather it is to vaporize them, i.e. to heat them just to the extent that they are transformed into vapor phase. Thereby they diffuse into the surrounding air and transform the air quality. Coupled with the buoyancy and aerodynamic effects due to the thermal energy released by the base fire, the vaporized substances traverse to all nooks and corners of the enclosed room. In other words, the base fire is utilized to convert the herbal substances into gaseous phase, and furthermore, to aerodynamically transport the same to the entire surroundings in a most effective manner. The buoyancy forces enhance the transport processes. It must happen that a fraction of the substances added as oblations do go through combustion process, especially so must be true with ghrtam. Their effects upon combustion is not expected to be harmful to the atmosphere because they are carefully chosen to bear one or more of the above four characteristics. Details

of the related chemistry have been sufficiently dealt with by Satya Prakash in Chemistry of Agnihotra published by Jan Gyan Prakashan, New Delhi, and by Ram Prakash in Yajna Vijnana Vimarsh published by Aneeta Arsha Prakashan, Panipat, India - both the authors were chemists. Overall result of the agnihotra is that the desirable substances can be inhaled through the nostrils by one and all. This mechanism of intake as opposed to the direct means through the mouth (in the liquid and solid phase) is more efficient by a factor of several hundreds. Also, it seems to be the only way to cleanse the indoor air. As opposed to a typical air freshener, which simply attempts to neutralize the stale air, agnihotra drives the indoor air out thereby causing outdoor fresh air to move in. In addition to this, it effectively neutralizes the stale indoor air as explained by the characteristics of the herbal substances utilized. Let us now discuss the production of pollutants by the base fire, if any. As we have said, the base fire is generated by burning firewood, which has lower calorific value than the typical hydrocarbon fuels. This ensures lower temperatures when oxides of nitrogen cannot be formed. The design of the vessel ensures plenty of oxygen and the amount of firewood burned is to the minimum extent so that carbon monoxide is minimal, as well as the unburned hydrocarbons. Carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas is definitely formed, and therefore, it is suggested that the agnihotra ought to be performed during and after sunrise, and well before sunset in an area with sufficient green cover. Such local surroundings ensure that the carbon dioxide is well utilized by the green cover in the vicinity to give rise to oxygen and greenery. In the presence of sunlight the vegetation converts the carbon dioxide into oxygen. In the modern times, our life style gives rise to formation of carbon dioxide in very large proportions. In the olden days, carbon dioxide was not an undesirable combustion product. Though its control is required now, by any means agnihotra should not be criticized for the same. We should concentrate on other sources of carbon dioxide because agnihotra has many advantages in the context of air pollution. We are not aware of any other method to purify the air once that has been polluted by us. This requirement is of enormous proportion for the indoor air because that is what we breathe in most of the time. This is becoming increasingly important because the modern man is increasingly spending more time indoor, and his life style is doing more and more harm to the environment. In the given circumstances, agnihotra has become much more desirable. The air fresheners that are commercially available cannot purify the indoor air. Their purpose can be very limited to reduce the undesirable foul odor, and even for that purpose their side effects have to be fully understood. The ancient Rsis had truly understood that Agni is a devata of insentient type because of its ability to return the substances to us in a form that magnifies the positive effects thereof by many hundred times. According to Yaska, a devata or a deva is one who gives us useful things, light or knowledge. In that sense agnihotra is a ritual to perform devapuja, and hence it is called devayajna too. Summary: Agnihotra consists of a base fire wherein some desirable herbal substances are added. Since the calorific value of firewood used to generate the base fire is much less, the base fire breaks up the molecule-tomolecule bond of the substances causing them to vaporize, and does not cause their independent combustion process. It is a well-known fact that the substances when taken in their vapor form through the nostrils have much greater efficacy many hundred times more. And, the same quantity of substance can benefit a much larger population. It is a common experience that if an individual eats a green chilly then that person alone would be sneezing under its influence. But if the same chilly is put in the fire then the resultant air can cause many hundred people to sneeze. Agnihotra magnifies the advantages of the desirable herbal substances. Further to this, the thermal and associated aerodynamic effects of the base fire cause the vaporized substances to traverse and diffuse into every part of the enclosed surroundings where agnihotra may be conducted. The overall temperatures in the combustion of firewood are lower to the extent that production of the oxides of nitrogen can be safely ruled out. Supply of more than adequate oxygen cannot give rise to production of unburned hydrocarbon or carbon monoxide in any significant measure. Minimum quantity of firewood is burned in the agnihotra. Burning of firewood is not the purpose of the agnihotra. The same is burned in minimum quantity so that the base fire remains available to vaporize the incoming oblations. Carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas does get formed. With this in mind, the ancient Vedic seers always performed agnihotra in green surroundings and in the presence of sunlight so that the greenery utilizes the carbon dioxide so

generated. In the modern times, when agnihotra is performed in cramped households care should be taken to keep some plants in the vicinity. The process of agnihotra was in vogue in classical times. It is worth admiring the ancient scholars 1) Understanding of the related chemistry and aerodynamic processes,

2) Desire to undo the harm that human beings did to the environment even with simplest and wisest life style that they had, 3) Desire to improve the environment not just for the personal good but also for the good of the entire society, i.e. to be guided by a spirit of universal good, 4) Bold initiative to do a seemingly bizarre act of putting the useful substances into the fire, which demonstrates their deep understanding of the properties of the matter and associated laws of conservation of mass, that of phase transformation at lower temperatures versus burning at higher temperatures, and 5) Identification of the properties of the purified butter (ghrtam) and other herbal substances and their utilization in the process of agnihotra. Their contribution lies in identifying fire as the agent to multiply the benefits of the herbal substances through agnihotra in a ritual that otherwise may look to a layman as a senseless act of throwing away the useful substances. Furthermore, they packaged the ritual in such a manner that it became a wonderful art of our overall development in all our domains, viz. physical, pranic, mental, intellectual and spiritual. It can be safely stated that if this practice can become a common practice in the present times then this can lead to a marked decrease in several problems that the humanity is facing today. The gain can be tremendous in the quality of air, water and food that we consume, also in our mind set and behavioral pattern. Man can come to possess a better physical and mental health, and a much more compassionate character that would have all-round effects on decrease in several ills that are present today. Let us hope and attempt to popularize it. With genuine well-coordinated effort agnihotra can become as popular as the practices of Yoga such as meditation have become among the educated and caring men and women throughout the world.

Agnihotra and Microbes, A Laboratory Experience

Dr. Arvind D. Mondkar M.Sc; Ph.D (Micro) Our way of life has intensified the quantum of pollution. No place can be called safe from pollution. What varies is the type of pollutant and the degree of pollution. Pollution is of various types such as gaseous pollution, water pollution, food pollution, radioactive pollution and so on. Of these types microbial pollution is the most important type of pollution for people in the medical or paramedical field. Microorganisms are ubiquitous in nature. There are mainly two types, namely non-pathogenic or saprophytic (harmless and not causing any disease) and pathogenic (disease producing). There are certain opportunistic pathogens which, given a chance, can produce disease in human beings. Thus the mere presence of these microorganisms in a definite strength in various media can produce contaminants. Microorganisms like Salmonellae, Shigellae or Vibrios contaminate water, eatables, milk and milk products. When the contaminated eatables are consumed the individual suffers from typhoid, bacillary dysentary or cholera. Similarly, organisms like Staphylococci cause food poisoning by increasing toxins in food. This microorganism also causes wound infections with pus formation. Streptococci infect the respiratory tract after inhalation of the droplet nuclei on which they are settled. Hospital infections by Staphylococci and Pseudomones are not uncommon. Recently, Pseudomonas aeruginosa has been reported to have entered the space age. This microorganism was isolated from the lining of the fuel tank of a jet engine and was found to be responsible for the corrosion of the tank. It is stated that Agnihotra helps to undo the effects of pollution. In this respect it was decided to observe the last type of pollutant, i.e., microorganisms and the effect of Agnihotra on them. The present article restricts only to the effect of Agnihotra on microorganisms as observed in a microbiology laboratory.

Agnihotra Effect on Bacterial Population

A preliminary experiment was carried out to study the effect of Agnihotra on the bacterial population in a room where Agnihotra was performed. For this study, two rooms of equal dimensions (13 x 8 x 11) were selected. In both rooms fire was prepared from dried cowdung cakes in copper pyramids and the basal reading of number of microorganisms in both the rooms was taken by exposing blood agar plates at four corners of the room for 10 minutes. This was done exactly half an hour before Agnihotra time. Agnihotra was performed exactly at sunset in one of the rooms. Bacterial counts were taken again in both the rooms in a similar manner at half hour intervals. Thus readings were taken in both the rooms up to two hours after performance of Agnihotra. It was quite interesting to note that microbial counts in the room where Agnihotra was performed were reduced by 91.4% whereas the room where only fire was generated did not show appreciable changes in the microbial counts. This leads one to think that it was the process of Agnihotra which was responsible for the reduction of bacterial counts and not the mere presence of fire. Two other similar experiments revealed similar findings. The phenomenon could be explained by giving two reasons: - Agnihotra fumes are rich in formaldehyde and other substances which have inhibitory effect on microorganisms.

- A phenomenon like smog formation and its diffusion in the upper strata might be a likely postulation. In the regions of North and South poles, many times, carbon particles accumulate to form a layer called smog. When fire is lit the hot currents push the smog into the upper strata and it is diffused in such a way that the carbon particles are no longer harmful in the residual concentration. In the present study perhaps Agnihotra fumes might have dissociated the microorganisms in such a way that the residual population was no more harmful and was well within tolerable limit to human beings.

Agnihotra Effects on Bioenergetic Systems of Individual Microorganisms

This kindled our interest and it was decided to study the effect of Agnihotra on the bioenergetic systems of individual microorganisms. A strain of Staphylococci pyogenes isolated from a pus sample was selected for the study. The strain showed all the characteristics of a pathogen. It was isolated from a lesion, produced beta haemolyses on blood agar, showed a positive coagulase test and fermented mannitol with the production of acid. The strain was innoculated on a pair of blood agar plates, one of which was kept away from the Agnihotra atmosphere (control plate). The other one was exposed to Agnihotra fumes for five minutes and was allowed to remain in that atmosphere till next Agnihotra was performed (approximately 12 hours). Agnihotra is to be performed on the biorhythm of sunrise/sunset. Surprisingly, it was observed that the plate exposed to Agnihotra (test plate) showed a tremendous reduction in the zone of haemolysis as against a wide zone of haemolysis in the control plate. Organisms from both the plates were then subjected to coagulase test. The organisms from the test plate showed a negative coagulase test demonstrating their inability to produce coagulase. Finally, the organisms from both the plates were emulsified in one ml. of normal saline separately to give suspensions of equal strength. This was achieved by use of Browns opacity tube no. 3. The suspensions were then injected intradermally into the thighs of an albino mouse. The mouse was kept under observation for five days. It was very interesting to note that the suspension from the test plate failed to produce any lesion in the mouse wheras the suspension from the control plate produced typical abscess. These results suggest that Agnihotra played a pivotal role in controlling the metabolic activities of this microorganism. In this case, a pathogenic strain of Staphylococcus pyogenes showed characteristics of a nonpathogenic strain ofter exposure to Agnihotra atmosphere. This was just an observation and triggered quite a number of questions in the mind: - Is this effect phenotypic or genotypic? - Is it necessary to expose the strain for a prolonged time interval or will a short exposure cause a similar effect? - Will the progeny of these microorganisms behave in a similar manner? - Does the small or microdose of substances released from Agnihotra process boost the immunity mechanism of the patient to get rid of the infection or does the infecting agent lose its virulence? Perhaps both the effects go hand in hand. Answers to these questions are still beyond sight and show a need for further experimentation in this field.

Therapeutic Effect of Agnihotra Ash

An attempt was then made to study the therapeutic use of Agnihotra ash against scabies in rabbits. Rabbits are quite often infected with scabiesmarked by snow white crust formations on their nose, ear margins and skin. The infection then becomes systemic and the animal dies. Normally this sort of scabies is cured by daily application of benzyl benzoate and salicylic acid for about 6 to 8 days, depending upon the severity of the infection. In one study, Agnihotra ash was homogenized with an equal volume of cows ghee (clarified unsalted butter) and applied over the infected area above the nostrils of a rabbit. Agnihotra ash worked extremely well and the crust was detached on the third day of applicationand that too with a single application. With benzyl benzoate and salicylic acid, it took five days for the crust to detach itself from the control rabbit. Another notable advantage of this was that the preparation was not irritating like benzyl bezoate or salicylic acid. The rabbits always lick that application because of irritation and the young ones die of poisoning. This risk could be avoided with Agnihotra ash.

These results promise a solution to microbial pollution by the performance of Agnihotra and ingestion of Agnihotra ash medicines. (Reprinted from Satsang Vol. 9, No. 20, 3/4/82)

Agnihotra Ash and Water Soluble Phosphates

Dr. Tung Ming Lai, Denver, Colorado
I did some lab testing on Agnihotra ash. The results are interesting. 0.10 g. of ash was shaken with 25 mi. of water for forty-eight hours and then the water soluble phosphate content was measured. The same amount of ash was shaken with two different soils (5 g.) from Colorado (also 25 mi. of water) and phosphate content was measured after forty-eight hours of being shaken. The results are as follows. (The values are the average values of duplicates.) SOIL USED None None ASH ADDED Non-Agnihotra ash Agnihotra ash Non-Agnihotra ash (0.02 g. ash/g. soil) Agnihotra ash (0.02 g. ash/g. soil) Non-Agnihotra ash (0.02 g. ash/g. soil) WATER SOLUBLE PHOSHATE EXTRACTED 0.68 mg. P/.02 g. ash 1.78 mg. P/.02 g. ash

Weld loam

4.2 mg. P/ g. soil

Weld loam

17.2 mg. P/ g. soil

Red Feather loamy sand

2.3 mg. P/ g. soil

Agnihotra ash Red Feather loamy (0.02 g. ash/g. sand soil)

11.5 mg. P/ g. soil

The non-Agnihotra ash was produced with the same ingredients in the same copper vessal as Agnihotra ash. The only difference was the non-Agnihotra ash was not produced at sunrise or sunset, and no mantras were chanted. (All growing plants need phosphorus; however, regardless of how much phosphorus is added to the soil, only the water soluble portion can be utilized by the plant. On an average, only about five percent of the phosphorus in conventional chemical fertilizers is water soluble.--Ed.)

Agnihotra and Grapes

Dr. B. G. Bhujbal, Research Officer Maharashtra State Grape Growers' Association, Poona, India (Satsang Vol. 8, No. 17, 1981)

Grapes are a difficult crop to grow under Maharashtra's climatic conditions and also equally difficult to study. I have been associated with research work on grapes while studying for my M.Sc. degree at the University of Poona, India since 1967. Various problems faced by the workers since then were finally put before the research workers at the Agricultural College, Poona. Hybridization work with grapes had already commenced before my association with this work. I have been observing the results of that work. It was reported that the germination of hybrid grape seeds had been very late and low. When I conducted hundreds of crosses at the Ganeshkhind Fruit Experimental Station, Poona-7 and sowed the seeds after treatment by advanced techniques which included hormones, scarification, stratification etc., the results were discouraging. The germination percentage was very low, i.e. below 20 % and some of the seeds even took 300 days for germination. Meanwhile I came to learn of Agnihotra and Homa Therapy farming and thought why not have a trial of this therapy in grape research. There was a solar eclipse on 16th of February 1980. I had also read previously that the no-moon day was the best day for seed treatment and sowing. With this background and not to miss the opportunity I coIlected seeds of the Anab-e-shahi, Pandhari Sahebi and Kali Sahebi varieties, local vinifera varieties, as well as some crossed seeds which were collected using the Thompson seedless variety as a male parent to make the cross. In order to conduct the experiment properly, I applied for leave on 20th of February 1980 in time for the treatment to commence on 16th of February, 1980. Some unrooted cuttings of local grape varieties were also collected for additional treatments. Experimental Plot All the seeds and the unrooted cuttings were kept in an environment open to Agnihotra fumes. As far as mantras were concerned, I began with the "Tryambakam" Mantra and Homa continued for 2 hours, after which the samples were treated with Agnihotra ash and then put into pots ready for planting. An untreated lot of samples served as a control. Observations It was indeed a surprise not only to me and my wife but also to friends who had been laughing at my expenments to observe the first seedlings sprouting on the 21st day of sowing. Some of the recorded observations are given in a table below. The second experiment concerned making raisins. At present, raisin-making is not carried out in Maharashtra except on an experimental basis using the dehydration and sun-drying methods. I collected a few bunches of grapes from growers and hung them in the environment where I was performing Agnihotra. Similar clusters were kept with the growers for making raisins using their own method of sun-drying. After 21 days the drying was almost complete, and after 35 days I collected the clusters and tested them. The raisins were very good in appearance and taste. Special interest rallied around the evidence that the raisins prepared from the Anabe-shahi variety and having low TSS contact were also good. Equally good results were obtained by the Thompson seedless variecy growing in the Agnihotra environment as compared to those varieties generally available in the market. Another experiment was performed in a grower's field. Mr. Pundlik Khode, a small farmer from the village of PimpalgaonBaswant, Nasik District had been much worried about his crop and was doubtful regarding repayment of his bank loan obtained for the vineyard. Agnihotra was done regularly and Agnihotra ash was applied to his vines. The observations which were recorded at harvest time proved very good. The grower, Mr. Khode, had never believed in such a possibility until he saw the actual results. The individual berry as well as the cluster was superior in colour, taste, sweetness and weight. About 150 observers said that the crop was the best in that locality.

EFFECTS Seed germination Rooting of cutting Bunch development Disease Colour Quality
Loss of harvest

REGULAR FERTIZING PRACTICE More than 6 months required for germination 80 % rooting Av. bunch wt. 0.45 Kg. More disease Green yellow TSS 22 %
About 30 % loss

ONLY AGNIHOTRA 21 to 28 days required 100 % rooting Av. bunch wt. 0.45 Kg. No disease Golden yellow TSS 24 %
No loss

REGULAR PRACTICE AND AGNIHOTRA *** 100 % rooting Av. bunch wt. 0.525 Kg. Less disease Pale yellow TSS 23 %
10 % loss

Effect of Agnihotra on Grapes The above experiment was conducted in the vineyard of Mr. Pundlik Khode on Thompson seedless grapes at Pimpalgaon Baswant, Nasik, during the year 1979-80. 1. Agnihotra was performed by Dr. B. G, Bhujbal, Asst. Horticulturist, M, Phule Agricultural University. 2. Other Homas were performed by Mr. Ranade, Manager, State Bank of India. 3. Regular operations were carried out by Mr. Pundlik Khode, owner of the vineyard. Mr. Khode was very happy with the Agnihotra results. Agnihotra was also performed for raisin-making. This was done in March 1980. Clusters were hung from the roof, and under the clusters Agnihotra was performed regularly, twice daily. In 21 days the grapes dried under room conditions and the quality of the grape raisins was excellent. The variety used was Thompson seedless.

Agricultural Experience with Vanilla Plants

Abhay Mutalikdesai, Karnatak, India
Nature is a silent performer and I was anxious to see her work. Since hundreds of farmers are closely observing our Homa Therapy work at Sutagatti, I was slightly under tension. Our faith and devotion has started working in this after three months of regular Homa. The single infected banana plant has gotten the first healthy leaf. The shoot appears disease-free. I will soon send the earlier and later photograph. I am also very happy to inform that the first vanilla produce for the year 1999-2000 is of excellent quality. The vanilla bean curing process (three months) was started along with Homa Therapy. The cured vanilla beans were tested at Spice Board testing laboratory in Cochin. The following are the results: Year Place ernanakulam (kerala) myladumpara (kerala) sutagatti (karnatak) Vanillin% by weight 2.56

1998

1999

2.71

2000

2.91

The above results have given immense joy to all of us, including our fellow organic farmers who had participated in our Homa Therapy. Now a person with deep knowledge about farm seeds has approached us. He is ready to offer voluntary services in developing a seed bank, seed plots and demonstration plots for fellow farmers in our area. In this month we had three heavy rains at Sutagatti. First occasion was when I was performing Om Tryambakam Homa. The other two rains came during evening Agnihotra. However, the first occasion was special. It rained only over Parashanatti and Sutagatti. This rain was very essential to us because the electricity transmission transformer was burnt and we had no power for fifteen days. Our mud barrage built across River Ghataprabha remains now full; otherwise, it dried up by middle of May. Availability of abundant water for farming during summer has happened, after many, many years. My workers, their children and neighbors are very much influenced by Homa Therapy. Two of my workers who were alcoholic and non-vegetarians have stopped consuming since last two months. One of them is doing regular Om Tryambakam Homa and Agnihotra during our absence. All these positive things are due to Yajnya. Abhay Mutalikdesai Karnatak, India

Documentos de la ECHO:
Participacin en la ECHO:
http://www.scribd.com/doc/7989088/Que-es-la-Eco-Granja-Homa-de-Olmue-ECHO

http://www.scribd.com/doc/15600257/What-is-ECHO- (en ingls)

Programa de Internado:
http://www.scribd.com/doc/7459351/INTERNADO-EN-LA-ECHO

Huerto Ayurvdico Homa:

http://www.scribd.com/doc/7457681/El-Huerto-Ayurvedico-Homa

Proyecto de Cultivos Comunitarios: Nuestras Actividades: Mantras:

http://www.scribd.com/doc/7761750/INVITACION-A-EMPRENDER-CULTIVOS-ORGANICOS-EN-TERRENO-DE-LA-ECHO

http://www.ecogranjahoma.com/bitacora.html http://www.ecogranjahoma.com/mantras.html

El Quntuple Sendero:

http://www.scribd.com/doc/15244582/El-Quintuple-V-Sendero-Homa

La Prctica del Agnihotra:

http://www.scribd.com/doc/15446080/La-Practica-del-Agnihotra

Horarios de la Salida/Puesta de Sol (Agnihotras): Glosario Snscrito:

http://www.scribd.com/doc/12378103/Glosario-Sanscrito

http://www.scribd.com/doc/15970834/Horarios-Salida-Puesta-de-Sol-Agnihotra-2009

Eco Granja Homa de Olmu ECHO Av Eastman 2402 - Paradero 11 - Olmu Chile Fono: 033 441356 - Email:
ecogranjahoma@yahoo.com Website: http://www.ecogranjahoma.com http://www.ecogranjahomaolmue.blogspot.com/