Timber Design Knowledge for Professionals of the Future

WORKED EXAMPLE Page 1 of 4 LVL hip rafter subject to combined axial compression and bending
The design approach follows the general principles of prEN 1995-1-1 and associated documents. The references on the right hand side of the pages are to prEN 1995-1-1 unless otherwise stated

References

Notes :

Prerequisites
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Aim
To check the stability under combined bending and compression of a double LVL hip rafter.

Problem
Offsite prefabricated roof panels Pair of 75 mm 650 mm LVL hip rafters LVL purlins

LVL ring beam

Figure 1 Figure 1 shows a pyramidal roof structure comprising four LVL hip rafters which thrust against an LVL ring beam fixed to the top of the walls. Each rafter is made of a pair of 75 mm x 650 mm sections fastened together to form a single 150 mm x 650 mm member 11610 mm long. It is assumed that tongue-and-groove boarding provides effective restraint against buckling of the hip rafters in the plane of the roof.

Timber Design Knowledge for Professionals of the Future

WORKED EXAMPLE Page 2 of 4 LVL hip rafter subject to combined axial compression and bending References

Service class 1 is assumed The hip rafter resists a short-term design bending moment about the y-y axis of Md = 186 x 106 Nmm and a short-term design axial compressive force of Nd = 132 kN

Clause 2.3.1.3 (2)

Timber Design Knowledge for Professionals of the Future

WORKED EXAMPLE Page 3 of 4 LVL hip rafter subject to combined axial compression and bending References

Solution
Geometrical properties
Breadth: Depth of hip rafter: Length of hip rafter: Area of cross section: Section modulus about y-y axis: Second moment of area about y-y axis: b = 150 mm h = 650 mm L = 11610 mm A = 97.5 x 103 mm2 2 Wy = 150 650 = 1.056 x 107 mm3 6
3 Iy = 150 650 = 3.433 x 109 mm4

Clause 6.1.1

12

Characteristic values of mechanical properties of a typical european softwood structural LVL

Bending strength parallel to grain: Compression parallel to grain: Minimum MOE parallel to grain: fm,y,k = 51 N/mm2 fc,0,k = 42 N/mm2 E0,05 = 12400 N/mm2

TRADA Structural Timber Composites Design Guide Table 8

Strength modification factor

Partial safety factor for LVL: M = 1.2 LVL, Service Class 1 or 2 and Short-Term loading: kmod = 0.9 Dimension factor for timber members in bending: kh = 1.0 (assumes manufacturers declared data for parameters are not available) Table 2.3 Table 3.1 Clause 3.4 (3)

Design buckling resistance

Effective length assuming pinned ends: Gyration radius: Slenderness ratio: Lef,y = 1.0 L = 11610 mm iy =
Iy A = h 12

= 187.60 mm

y =

l ef ,y iy

11610 = 61.89 187.60

Relative slenderness ratio:

rel,y =

fc,0,k = 1.15 E 0,05

Clause 6.3.2 (1)

rel,y 0.3, therefore combined flexural and compressive buckling will influence the resistance.

Instability factors, ky and kc,y

Ky = 0.5 (1+ c (rel, y 0.3) + rel, y2)

Clause 6.3.2 (3) Expression (6.29)

Timber Design Knowledge for Professionals of the Future

WORKED EXAMPLE Page 4 of 4 LVL hip rafter subject to combined axial compression and bending References

With c = 0.1 for LVL ky = 1.20 kc,y =

1 k y + k y rel,y
2 2

Expression (6.26)

kc,y = 0.65

Applied stresses
Design compressive stress along the grain: Design bending stress about y-y axis:

9.75 10 6 M m, y, d = d = 186 10 7 = 17.61 N/mm2 W y 1.056 10 A

3 c, 0, d = Nd = 132 10 4 = 1.35 N/mm2

Design values of strength properties

Design compressive strength along the grain: fc, 0, d =

k mod f c,0,k

M
=

0.9 42 = 31.5 N/mm2 1 .2

Clause 2.4.1 (1)

Design bending strength parallel to grain about y-y axis:

fm,y,d =

k mod k h fm, y, k

0.9 1.0 51 = 38.25 N/mm2 1.2

Clause 6.3.2 (3) and Expression (6.24)

Completion of stability check

Note: as stated on Page 1, adequately attached diaphragms are assumed to prevent buckling in weaker direction.

m,y,d c,0,d 1.35 17.61 = 0.07 + 0.46 = 0.53 + = + k c,y fc,0,d fm,y,d 0.65 31.5 38.25
c,0,d k c,y fc,0,d + m,y,d fm,y,d 1

Therefore the hip rafter stability is satisfactory. Further action combinations and other structural checks would be likely in a complete design.

Timber Design Knowledge for Professionals of the Future

WORKED EXAMPLE Page 5 of 4 LVL hip rafter subject to combined axial compression and bending References

This document was produced as part of a collaborative project part-sponsored by the Timber Research and Development Association (TRADA) and the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI). TRADA Technology wishes to acknowledge and thank these organisations, and the partners whose logos are shown below, for their support. Users are advised to check the current versions of all referenced codes at the time of use. Whilst every effort is made to ensure the accuracy of the advice given, the company cannot accept liability for loss or damage arising from the use of the information supplied. TRADA Technology 2003